Sentence expansion

To emphasize “main” idea
Commercials are necessary for business, although they can be nuisance to the public.
Subordination
Three types of subordinate clauses:
Subordinators before, after, as long as, when(ever), while, until, since, once where, wherever because, since, as, as if, as though, as long as, considering that so that, in order that although, though, even though, whereas if, when, provided that, in case, assuming that whether…or… unless
If / Provided that / In case/ Assuming that preparations are well made, you plan can be easily carried out.
Whether preparations are well made or not, your plan cannot be easily carried out.
Nominal clauses Relative clauses Adverbial clauses
• A nominal clause is a dependent clause functioning as a noun, used as a subject, an object, or a predicative.

润色语言的三个技巧英语Here are three tips for polishing your language in English, with a length of more than 400 words:1. Vocabulary Expansion:- To enrich your language, it is essential to expand your vocabulary. Instead of using the same words repeatedly, explore synonyms and antonyms to convey your meaning precisely. For example, instead of saying "good," you can use "excellent," "outstanding," or "remarkable." This adds variety and depth to your expression.2. Sentence Structure:- Varying your sentence structures can enhance the readability and flow of your writing. Instead of relying solely on simple sentences, use compound and complex sentences. Incorporate coordinating conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or) and subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, when) to create more sophisticated sentences.3. Read and Edit:- Reading and editing your work is crucial for refinement. After completing a draft, take some time to review it. Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Additionally, rephrase awkward or repetitive phrasing and ensure your ideas are presented coherently. Editing allows you to identify areas that require improvement and make necessary adjustments.By incorporating these three tips - vocabulary expansion, sentence structure variety, and thorough reading and editing - you can significantly enhance the quality and effectiveness of your English language usage. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep honing your skills and exploring different ways to express yourself. With time and effort, you will notice a marked improvement in your ability to communicate precisely and eloquently in English.。

Unit one How to Get the Poor off Our ConsciencePart 3--- sentence explanantion1.And the problems that arise from the continuing coexistence of affluence andpoverty --- and particularly the process by which good fortune is justified in the presence of the ill fortune of others --- have been an intellectual preoccupation for centuries. (para.2)For centuries those with high intellect have been searching for explanations to justify the conexistence of the rich and poor.2.By the principle of utility.(para.4)An action is judged by whether it will increase or decrease the benefits of whose who are affected by the action.3.Virtue is, indeed must be, self-centered.(para.4)By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.4.The poverty of the poor was a product of their excessive fecundity.(para.5)The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.5.The rich were not responsible for either its creation or itsamelioration.(para.6)The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.6.The elimination of the poor is nature’s way of improving the race. (para.7)Nature makes the human race better by weeding out the poor.7.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.(para.8)It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest.8.It declined in popularity, and references to it acquired a condemnatorytone.(para.9)People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy,love and friendship. Therefore, when it was mentioned, it was usually the target of criticism.9.The search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end;it was only suspended. (para.11)The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned; it had been put off.10.And so we are now again engaged in this search in a highly energeticway.(para.11)So once again we are trying hard to get the poor off our conscience.11.Being incompetent and ineffective, it must not be asked to succor the poor; itwill only louse things up or make things worse.(para.12)Since the government is incapable and inefficient, it should not be asked to undertake the task of aiding the poor. Otherwise, it will make a mess of the job or make the situation worse.12.Only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches,flashights, coffeemakers, and tiolet seats. (para. 13)Government officials, on the whole, are good, it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.13.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.(para. 15)It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true.14.Belief can be the servant of truth --- but even more of convenience. (para.16)Belief can be useful in the seraching for truth. But more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.15.This is a psychic tendency that in various manifestations is common to us all.(para.19)We all have the tendency to close our eyes to unpleasant things or refuse to think about them. This tendency may take different forms.16.It causes a great many people to avoid thought of the arms race and theconsequent rush toward a highly probable extinction.(para.19)Many people refuse to acknowledge the seriousness of the nuclear arms race which may in the end lead to a nuclear war and the destruction of the world.17.George Glider ... who tells to much applause that the poor must have thecruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort. (para.20)George advances that hte view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation; in other words, suffering is necessary for the poor to work hard.。

SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS请和你的同学一起认真分析下列句子，补全所缺内容并进行仿写。

这种学习方式不仅能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力而且能提高你的写作能力。

1. 【原句】I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”and I used to write about theOlympic Games a long time ago. (P9)【分析】这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。

what you call“Ancient Greece”作介词in的宾语，相当于____________ you call“Ancient Greece”，what在从句中作call的另一个宾语。

【翻译】我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。

我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。

【仿写】我们正在为下一步该怎么办而担心。

We are worrying about _________________ next.【高考链接】Our teachers always tell us to believe in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A. whyB. howC. whatD. which2. 【原句】Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will beadmitted as competitors. (P10)【分析】本句的主干是：_______________。

who引导定语从句，修饰athletes，who在定语从句中作主语，不可以省略。

主句用的是一般将来时的被动语态。

【翻译】只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。

【仿写】如果人们能被说服多吃水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人的数量会大大减少（reduce）。