雅思A类写作TASK 1第三讲饼状图与比例描写饼状图呈现的是一个整体中各部分的关系，它的数据一般都以百分比为单位。
当只有一个饼状图时，可视其为静态饼状图。
当有两个或两个以上的饼状图时，如果是以时间为线索，就称为动态饼状图。
饼状图的描述重点是对整体内各个部分进行比较，找出其中的数量关系，把数据按照从高到低排序.1、描述比例的常用数词表达法2、描述大小比例的常用词替换3. 描写倍数关系的表达法及例子3、描写比例的词汇及句型范例4、相同与相异的表达方法Sample1The pie charts below illustrate the number of journal articles read per week by all students, PHD students, and junior lecturers at an Australian university.A thatB respectivelyC for exampleD howE butF whichG meanwhileH whereasI andJ who1.The three charts illustrate ______many articles from academic journals are read weekly by PHD students _______junior lecturers compared to other students at an Australian university.2._________the overwhelming majority of those studying doctorates read at least twelve articles per week in comparison with the average student.3.The figures were 80 percent and twelve percent________.4.Furthermore, only five percent of PHD level students read between one and five articles,__________the average for all students in this category is a hefty 67%.5.______, for junior lecturers the pattern appears to be slightly different.6.Most read six or more articles per week (99%), ______out of this total 24 percent read twelve or more, ______is almost a third of the corresponding figure for PHD level students.7.It is clear ______those students _____are researching for a PHD read more articles than tither junior lecturers or other students.Sample 2:A stood atB a rise ofC lost ground toD made byE respectivelyF at the expense ofG that ofH on whetherI as opposed to J captured K exceededThe pie charts show the market share of washing machines_____four companies over the period 1990 to 2000 and the results of asurvey______customers would consider buying the new Sanyo washing machines over the same period.During the first year of sales of the new Sanyo machine in 1990, its market share______two percent_______60 percent for the Panasonic product,m 20 percent for the Haier washing machines and 18 for _______Samsung. In 1995, however, Panasonic Ltd.______its three other competitors. While Haier Ltd and Samsung Ltd both increased their market share by one percentage point each in 1995, Sanyo Ltd______8% of the market ,______300%.In 2000, Sanyo’s market share had increased to 31%______its three main competitors with Panasonic Ltd, Samsung and Haier Ltd falling to 39 percent, 17 percent and 12 percent _______. The bar chart shows that Sanyo machine________its popularity rating in each year, rising from 5 in 1990 to 40 in the year 2000.It is clear from the data that sales of the Sanyo washing machine were on the increase over the period.Sample 3:This pie chart shows the distribution of the world population in 2000.1.in 2000, the percentage of people in Asia ________(stand at) 52%.2. The ______(high) proportion went to_______(Asian) with 52% of the world total population.3.Next ______(come) Africa at 11%. had nearly _______(fourth) times more population than Europe.5.The population of Asia was_______(large) than the _____(combine) population of all the other regions.6. The proportion of Asia was more than ______(fourth) times greater than that of Europe.7. The population of Europe was less than _______(a five) of that of Asia.8. The percentages of Europe and Middle East were____the (same)9. The population percentage of Europe was almost_______(identically)to that of Africa.10. There was a significant ______(differ) in population percentages between Asia and the other regions.Task 1Task 2You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the changes which occurred.Write at least 150 words.Task 3You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.Task 4These pie charts show Japan’s population distribution by age in the three years of 2000, 2005 and 2010.Task 1The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years, electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to180 units in France.In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000, nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.Task 2The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was adramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America's energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.Task 3In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed 'World Spending.' The second is 'World Population' and the third is 'Consumption of Resources.'In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.In the second chart entitled 'World Population', it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated countries in the world and they are both situated on thiscontinent. Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the world's resource.To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe. Task 4These pie charts given concern how Japan’s population was distributed by age in three separate years: 2000, 2005 and 2010.It is apparent from the information supplied that in spite of a continuous decrease, Japanese aged 15-64 occupied the highest proportion in the three years. The number of the elderly above 64 was on the rise ; by contrast, young children under 15 was on the decline.In 2000, people aged 15-64 occupied the highest percentage among the three age groups and the highest in the three years as well. People older than 64 represented 17% of the total population and young people aged 0-14 stood at 15%.In 2005, both groups of people under 15 and 15-64 experienced a slight decrease of 1% and 2% respectively, in spite of a 3% increase in aged people.In 2010, there was a further drop of 1% and 2% in the percentages ofpeople younger than 15 and 15-63 but a continual climb of 3% in aged people.Clearly, as time goes by, Japan is becoming an aging population.。
