中考英语语法专项复习语法四名词词义辨析语法考点剖析(含参考答案)

名词1. 名词语法的基本框架2.名词语境辨析3.名词的正确形式填空4.名词词组填空5.名词在句子中运用6.名词语篇填空1名词语法基本框架名词的数名词的所有格名词单复数的判断1.如何判定是可数名词还是不可数名词①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如：desk,desks；②可数名词前面可以被基数词,不定冠词（a/an）,many修饰,如：three boys,an apple, many students。

2.如何判定是不可数名词①不可数名词没有复数形式,如：tea,meat；②不可数名词,若表示数量,可用量词加不可数名词,如：a piece of paper, two cups of tea。

3. 常见的名词修饰词①只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a number of 若干a great/large number of 许多②只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少,几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的名词拓展1.voice, noise, soundvoice指人的说话声或唱歌声,指人的“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声、噪音”,指不悦耳的声音;sound指自然界中的任何声音。

2.work与jobwork是不可数名词,指需花费体力和脑力的工作;job是可数名词,多指“零工”或“短工”。

例:a part-time job一份兼职工作;out of work 失业3.family, home, housefamily强调整体,指“家、家庭”时,谓语动词用单数;强调个人,指“家庭成员”时,谓语动词用复数;不用于指住房。

重难点01 易混名词辨析中考英语对名词的考查集中在单项选择题，单词题、完型填空、短文填空题。

考查重点包括：名词词义辨析、名词的数和名词所有格的用法。

本专题目的在于帮助学生梳理易混名词，明晰他们之间的区别与用法。

名词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分名词词义的能力，在平时的学习中应当掌握常用名词的基本意义，注意一词多义和熟词生义；养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。

（2023中考真题建议用时：15分钟）1．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Why does Mary get good grades each time?—I think that’s because she puts most of her ________ into her schoolwork.A．energy B．practice C．exercise D．process2．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—The model plane is wonderful! How did you make it?—It’s easy. Follow the ________ and you can do it, too.A．discussion B．education C．conditions D．instructions3．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）As a student, you should keep a ________ between your schoolwork and yourhobbies.A．diary B．record C．secret D．balance4．（2023·湖北襄阳·中考真题）—Mr. Fan runs at least half an hour every day.—What a good ________! No wonder he looks healthy.A．habit B．question C．article D．prediction5．（2023·湖北黄石·中考真题）—Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty dumplings?—Well, I just follow the steps on Tiktok.A．cost B．method C．time D．menu6．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great ________ of China.A．Inventions B．Advantages C．Environments D．Technologies7．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）After she was brought back to China, the sick giant panda Ya Ya received good ________ in her new home and got better.A．education B．communication C．entertainment D．treatment8．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）—________ are easily made, but not easily kept.—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.A．Speeches B．Decisions C．Promises D．Suggestions9．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The main ________ of the cities along the Grand Canal (大运河) is history and culture.A．attraction B．pollution C．invention D．situation10．（2023·青海·中考真题）A taxi driver prevented (阻止) an _________ when he saw a car with serious problems travelling across Huangnan.A．accident B．interview C．advertisement11．（2023·山东青岛·中考真题）Before flying a plane, a ________ must take a lot of training.A．policeman B．musician C．nurse D．pilot12．（2023·湖北十堰·中考真题）—How did you fix up the machine, dad?—It’s easy. I just followed the ________.A．instructions B．inventions C．interviews D．influences13．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Of all the ________, I love summer best.A．seasons B．subjects C．colours D．hobbies14．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Mary’s parents are interested in ________, so they often take her to concerts.A．sports B．music C．science D．movies15．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition.—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.A．condition B．attention C．invention D．position16．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Good news! The Chinese women table tennis team won a gold and a silver again.—Great! No matter who wins the medals, it is the ________ of our country.A．price B．pioneer C．pride D．pain17．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Although our school life is a little busy, it is full of ________.A．pain B．sadness C．laughter18．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Which movie would you like to watch, Tracy?— Um…it’s hard to make a ________.A．survey B．choice C．call D．wish19．（2023·辽宁·中考真题）Thanks to the teacher’s help, I solved all the ________ easily.A．chances B．problems C．habits D．grades20．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Scientists who are full of ________ always come up with new ideas and bring great changes to our life.A．instruction B．instrument C．invention D．introduction1．A【详解】句意：——为什么玛丽每次都取得好成绩？——我想那是因为她把大部分精力都放在功课上了。

中考英语语法专题练习-名词一、词形转换1. (.原创)You’d better keep these ________ between us forever. (secret)2. (.原创)For getting a better job，we should develop our interests and always learn more ________. (skill)3. (.原创)Grandma went to the market and bought some meat, eggs and ________ for lunch. (tomato)4. (.原创)The boy sat at the back of the classroom, so he couldn't see the ________ on the blackboard clearly. (word)5. (.原创)Linda is very ________. She never tells a bad word about others. (friend)6. (.原创)As we all know, China is an ________ country with a long history. (east)7. (.预测)I feel ________ in my back，but I don't know what's wrong with it. (pain)8. (.预测)I am ________ to have the chance to attend such an important meeting. (luck)9. (.预测)It is ________ today, so we can't see the sun. (cloud)10. (.预测)Although the ________ grandmother is already 70 years old, she still looks very young. (girl)二、短语翻译1. (.原创)I go to school by ________________ every day, because my home is far from the school. (校车)2. (.原创)We all know that ________________ are made to keep order on the road. They also help to keep people safe. (交通规则)3. (.原创)The problem of ________________ has become a hot topic in our society. (食品安全)4. (.原创)He was late for school because of the ______________ the day before yesterday. (暴雨)5. (.预测)He got ________________ in the exam because he had studied hard. (好成绩)6. (.预测)Reading should be a ________________ for everyone of us. (终身旅程)三、单项填空1. (.广东)Daniel has tried to lose ________ by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.A. weightB. weightsC. heightD. heights2. (.南京 )—I go swimming every day.—Wow! That's a good ________. It keeps you healthy.A. matchB. taskC. habitD. dream3. (.乌鲁木齐)If you can speak English well, you will have a great ________ over others whenlooking for a job.A. activityB. articleC. attentionD. advantage4. (.日照)The TV show Letters Alive brings back people's ________ of writing to each other.A. ideasB. hobbiesC. stylesD. memories5. (.武汉)—I wonder if you've made a decision on the project, Eric.—Not yet. I can't make it until I have first­hand ________ on prices.A. newsB. knowledgeC. informationD. education6. (.沈阳)These light bulbs look the same, but their ________ on the environment are different.A. solutionsB. methodsC. effectsD. secrets7. (.宿迁)—Could you give me a few ________ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?—OK. Let me see.A. hobbiesB. knowledgeC. suggestionsD. information8. (.襄阳)—The government is trying to develop winter sports for the 2022 Winter Olympics.—No wonder people are showing more ________ in them.A. warmthB. interestC. victoryD. standard9. (.徐州)The artist received high ________ from the art community for these sculptures.A. praiseB. prizeC. priceD. pride10. (.凉山州)—How far is your home from the train station?—It’s about 20 ________ walk.A. minuteB. minutesC. m inute’sD. minutes’11. (.兰州改编)There are a lot of ________ on the grassland. And a sheep­dog is sitting next to them.A. sheepesB. sheepC. sheepsD. dog12. (.咸宁改编)Zheng He was a Ming dynasty ________. He succeeded in sailing to the east coast of Africa.A. touristB. teacherC. inventorD. explorer13. (.贵阳改编)There is a ________ in my neighborhood and I often go there to see tigers.A. zooB. bankC. schoolD. library14. (.昆明盘龙区二模)—It's everyone's ________to make China stronger and stronger.—I agree. Let's work hard to make it.A. dutyB. chanceC. choresD. ability15. (.大理下关四中模拟)These books must be ________， because he likes reading them.A. JerryB. JerrysC. Jerry'sD. belong to Jerry16. (.原创)—Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?—Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are ________.A. friendsB. neighborsC. classmatesD. strangers17. (.原创)________ makes us feel good about ourselves and makes everything around us very positive.A. WorryB. ExcusesC. MistakesD. Happiness18. (.原创)My uncle is a warm­hearted man and he is always happy to help other ________.A. peopleB. childC. personD. babies19. (.原创)Wow! There are so many ________ taking part in this match on a snowy morning.A. women playerB. women playersC. woman playersD. woman player20. (.原创)In autumn，you can see a lot of ________ on the ground.A. leafB. treeC. leavesD. trees21. (.原创)—I have decided to take part in the sports meeting even I have been ill for days.—Wish you a ________.A. failureB. funC. happinessD. success22. (.原创)Young man, don't sit there for daydreaming. No one can achieve anything without ________.A. effortB. standardC. experienceD. pride23. (.原创)—I think the dragon is a ________ of China. Do you think so?—I agree with you.A. symbolB. situationC. promiseD. shape24. (.原创)—Finding information is not a big deal today.—Well, the ________ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.A. courageB. damageC. challengeD. knowledge25. (.原创)—What is Tony like?—He is helpful. He often gives people a ________ when they are in need.A. replyB. giftC. handD. reason26. (.原创)—I have great ________ in learning physics and I'm so worried. Could you help me?—Sure, I'd love to.A. interestB. funC. troubleD. question27. (.原创)In the north of China, it is a (an) ________ to have dumplings in the Spring Festival.A. customB. effortC. mannerD. purpose28. (.原创)Some people ride bikes to work to reduce ________ pollution.A. waterB. airC. soilD. noise29. (.原创)Just search the Internet, you can get almost all the________ you need.A. suggestionB. informationC. pictureD. story30. (.原创)—It's dangerous here. We'd better go out quickly.—But I think we should let ________ go out first.A. woman and childrenB. women and childC. woman and childD. women and children31. (.原创)In order to look after themselves better, teenagers should try to improve their living ________.A. stylesB. activitiesC. skillsD. actions32. (.原创)—It's useful for the deaf and dumb people to learn body language.—Yes，it's a major way of ________ for them.A. suggestionB. vacationC. productionD. communication33. (.预测)—Mom, I'm hungry. Is there anything to eat?—Here's some________.A. waterB. orangeC. breadD. juice34. (.预测)—Are there any ________ on the farm?—Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sheep35. (.预测)They are ________ rooms. How beautiful they are!A. John and KateB. John and Kate’sC. John’s and KateD. John’s and Kate’s36. (.预测)Yesterday evening we had a wonderful party at ________.A. Peter and Helen'sB. Peter and HelenC. Peter and HelensD. Peter's and Helen's37. (.预测)You'd better ask your teacher to give you some ________ about the problem.A. adviceB. plansC. reportsD. place38. (.预测)Today, we have many other ________ to pay besides coins and paper money.A. excusesB. waysC. chancesD. plans39. (.预测)If you work harder, you will have another ________ to play the violin at the concert.A. chanceB. problemC. mistakeD. ability一、1. secrets 【解析】句意：你最好永远保守我们之间的秘密。

九年级英语语法总复习一、名词名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如 Beijing，China 等。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。

普通名词又可分为下面四类：1)个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，gun。

2)集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合 family。

3)物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4)抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。

归纳一下，名词的分类可以下列表示：专有名词：是个别的人，事物，地点等专有名称。

其第一个字母大写普通名词；可数名词；不可数名词。

可数名词的构成规则：1.一般名词加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags读 /z/; car-cars2.以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buseswatch-watches3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge 等结尾的词加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses4.以辅音字母+y 变y 为i 结尾的词再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s 变复数：如：two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeys holiday---holidays比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories2)以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoesc.均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes3)以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe 加 ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；c.均可,如： handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

中考英语语法复习—名词名词部分的考查重点为：1、名词的可数与不可数性。

2、名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。

3、名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。

4、物质名词、抽象名词具体化。

名词词义的区别与固定搭配。

【考点诠释】一、名词的各种分类。

单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式，包括可数名词的复数的变化规则，少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。

【考例】There is good_________ for you. I've found your lost watch.A. newsB. ideasC. messagesD. thoughtsMy uncle will come to my house for dinner．I want to buy some ___to make a vegetable salad for him．A．meat B．tomatoes C．apple juice The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert.A. farmersB. doctorsC. driversD. singersAt night the koala bear gets up and eats___________．A．1eaf B．1eaves C．leafsThe PLA man saved three ____lives in the accident．A．children’s B．children C．child D．childs' Come on，children．Help yourselves to some_________ if you like．A．fish and chicken B．fishes and chicken C．fish and chickens D．fishes and chickensAll the ____teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday．A．man B．men C．womanD．women二、不可数名词数量的表达法。

一、选择题1．— Is your home close to the school, Tom?— No, it's a long way, but I am________ late for school because I get up early daily. A．always B．usually C．never D．sometimes2．I once worked for a travel magazine for one year and the ________ helped me get a job as a reporter.A．experiment B．information C．experience D．instruction 3．—Oh, my God! I have ________ five pounds after the Spring Festival.—All of the girls want to lose weight, but easier said than done.A．given up B．put on C．got on D．grown up 4．Pay no attention to those who laugh at you. What __________ most is how you see yourself. A．matters B．minds C．cares D．counts5．— Sorry, I can't afford to go abroad.— What about having a country travel with a little________ price?A．cheaper B．higher C．lower D．less6．My sister Nancy often gets lost because of her bad _____ of direction.A．sense B．feeling C．experience D．information 7．When I as well as my cousins __________ as a volunteer in Beijing, I saw the Water Cube twice.A．were treated B．treated C．was served D．served 8．—Help yourselves! The drinks are ________ me.—Thank you. You’re always so generous.A．above B．in C．on D．over9．The song Where Is Time Gone sung by Diamond（张碧晨）________the yearly general champion of China’s Voice.A．lost B．won C．beat D．got10．World Book Day takes place ________ April 23rd every year.A．at B．in C．on11．More and more people have realized that clear waters and green mountains are as________ as mountain of gold and silver.A．central B．harmful C．valuable D．careful12．My email ________ to you last night. Have you received it ________?A．sent; too B．is sent; alreadyC．was sent; yet D．was sent; either13．We loved the food so much, ________the fish dishes.A．special B．especial C．specially D．especially 14．You can’t ___ how I missed m y mother at that time.A．offer B．provide C．imagine D．dream15．—Hardly any people believe that a(n) ________ meeting will lead to a lasting love.—I agree.A．familiar B．distant C．accidental D．present16．He wrote his phone number ________ a piece paper.A．on B．for C．in D．from 17．—Which country has the biggest population in the world?— China . It's a little ________than that of India.A．most B．bigger C．more D．biggest 18．—Dad, are you ________this afternoon?—Yes, I have no time to play with you, Mary.A．late B．free C．busy D．happy 19．Ice, snow and steam are different of water.A．sizes B．sights C．forms D．styles 20．Jane always gets on well with other classmates. We make ________our monitor.A．she B．her C．him D．herself 21．Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework .A．more careless B．more carelessly C．more careful D．more carefully 22．It was quite ________ when I found I was in such a hurry that I was wearing a black shoe and a brown one.A．embarrassing B．exciting C．fascinating D．relaxing 23．He ________ his homework________the morning of Sunday.A．doesn’t do; on B．doesn’t do; in C．doesn’t; on 24．—Does she have a ________?— Yes, she ________ in a food shop.A．job; work B．job; works C．work; job 25．Kangkang usually does her homework ________ it is very late at night.A．until B．when C．before D．after【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．C解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：——汤姆，你家离学校近吗？——不，那是一段很长的路程，但是我从来没有迟到过，因为我每天都起得很早。

初三语法知识点重难点总结及练习题解析一、名词名词是指表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念的词语。

初中阶段名词的重点是可数名词与不可数名词的用法区分。

1. 可数名词：可数名词指的是可以计数的名词，可以用a或an表示单数，可以用s表示复数。

如：a book（一本书），two books（两本书）。

2. 不可数名词：不可数名词指的是不能直接计数的名词，不能用a或an表示单数，也不能用s表示复数。

如：water（水），milk（牛奶）。

练习题解析：1. The teacher asked the students to bring _______ own pencils to class. (他们)解析：由于句子中的谓语动词asked是复数形式，表示有多个学生，所以应选形式代词their。

2. There is _______ oil in the bottle. (一些)解析：由于oil是不可数名词，不能用数词修饰，只能用some表示一些。

二、动词动词是表示动作、状态或是存在的词语。

初中阶段动词的重点是时态、语态和不定式的用法。

1. 时态：时态是动词的一种形式，用来表示动作或状态发生的时间。

常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。

- 一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性或普遍性的动作或状态。

如：I play football every Sunday. （我每个周日都踢足球。

）- 一般过去时：表示过去发生或存在的动作或状态。

如：He lived in Beijing for ten years. （他在北京住了十年。

）- 一般将来时：表示将要发生或存在的动作或状态。

如：I will visit my grandparents tomorrow. （我明天会去看望我的祖父母。

）2. 语态：语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示动作的主体和动作所受的影响。

常见的语态有主动语态和被动语态。

- 主动语态：表示主语执行动作。

中考英语语法丨名词详解及精题精练（附答案）一、可数名词复数形式的构成方法1.一般情况下,在名词词尾直接加-scake→cakes（蛋糕）student→students（学生）2.以[s]、[z]、[∫]、[3]、[t∫]、[d3]等音素结尾的名词变复数时加-es;如果词尾为e,则只!加-Sbus→buses（公交车）box→boxes（盒子）watch→watches（手表）3.以“辅音字母+ y"结尾的名词,大多数变y为i再加-es;以“元音字母+ y"结尾的名词直接加-Sbaby→babies（婴儿）city→cities（城市）country→countries（国家）toy→toys（玩具）monkey→monkeys（猴子）4.以f(e)结尾的名词，大多数将f(e)改为v，再加-eswife→wives（妻子）knife→knives（刀子）leaf→leaves（树叶）half→halves（一半）self→selves（自己）shelf→shelves（架子）wolf→wolves（狼）thief→thieves（小偷、强盗）life→lives（生命）巧记为：妻子自己用半片树叶和一把刀子结束了藏在架子后面的狼和强盗的生命。

5.以“辅音字母+ o”结尾的名词，多数情况下加-es，photo、piano除外;以“元音字母+ o”结尾的名词一般加-s。

①Negro→Negroesheroe→heroestomato→tomatoespotato →potatoes巧记为：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯②zoo→zoos radio→radios6.改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式的名词man→menwoman→womenfoot →feettooth →teethchild→children7.表示“某国人”的词变复数时，Chinese、Japanese等单复数形式相同; Englishman、Frenchman是把字母a变成字母e;American、Australian、Canadian、German等是在词尾直接加-s。

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—名词名词词义辨析是中考对名词考察的最大热点，又是重点和难点。

对名词的考察主要集中在语义辨析上，尤其是在具体语境中考察近义高频词的用法区别名词辨析的几上备选项往往是意义比较接近的词，考生千万不要望词生义，尤其是不能仅从汉语意思就随意作出选择，应注意其固定搭配，并领悟其在语境的词义。

【知识方法】专有名词个体名词名词分类可数名词集体名词名词普通名词物质名词不可数名词不可数名词的数抽象名词名词的数可数名词的规则不规则变化of所有格的构成及用法‘s所有格的构成及用法名词所有格双重所有格考点清单考点一名词词义辨析在中考中，对于名词的考察主要集中在具体语境下名词词义的辨析上。

综合分析这几年的中考的真题，总结出一些常考的名词。

具体如下：A activity活动address地址advertisement广告advantage优势advice建议attention注意athlete运动员action行动ability能力B balance平衡bottom 底部business 商业，生意background 背景break 间歇；休息C challenge挑战chance机会change变化，零钱collection收集物contribution贡献choice选择C competition比赛；竞争cause原因custom风俗courage勇气care照顾，关心communication交流，通信condition条件，状况culture文化D decision决定design设计difference不同discussion讨论duty责任；义务distance距离description描述director导演；负责人danger危险direction说明；方向degree学位，度数，程度development发展difficulty困难discovery发现fact事实fear害怕，恐惧field田野，场地，领域E education教育effort努力energy能量；精力experiment实验expression表达environment环境excuse 借口exhibition展览experience经验；经历explanation解释；说明example实例，样品exercise练习F feeling感觉fun乐趣fight战斗force力，力量form形式，类型friendship友谊future未来H habit习惯hobby业余爱好honour荣誉health健康hope 希望I information信息idea想法，主意interest兴趣importance重要性invention发明interview面试；访谈influence影响（力）instruction指示，命令invitation邀请instrument器械，仪器introduction介绍J joke笑话，玩笑journey(尤指长途）旅行，行程job工作K knowledge知识L language语言laughter笑，笑声lesson课程，教训level水平life(pl.lives)生活，生命list名单，清单luck幸运，运气M meaning意义，意思member成员mess杂乱mood 心情message消息method方法mind头脑，心智material 材料P pain痛苦，疼痛patience耐心peace和平protection保护praise表扬patient病人progress进步problem 问题promise 承诺pride 骄傲pity 遗憾pleasure高兴，愉快present现在，礼物price价格program节目purpose目的R reason理由；原因relation关系result结果report报告research研究；调查regret遗憾，懊悔relationship关系reply回复rule规则S service服务shape形状；外形stranger 陌生人safety安全saying格言secret秘密sight视力；景象style5感觉situation 情况system系统square广场surface表面space太空，空间T technology技术tourist游客tradition传统traffic车辆；交通trouble困难task 任务taste 味觉，品味T temperature温度trade 贸易treat 款待，招待truth 实情thought思想，思考treasure 珠宝transport交通运输V voice嗓音volunteer志愿者value价值victory胜利W waste浪费，废品way方式，道路wealth财富weight重量wish愿望，祝愿worry担心，担忧考点二名词的可数不可数性1.名词的复数形式名词复数形式的变化规则如下：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加s 清辅音后读/s/、浊辅音后读/z//在t后读/ts/、在d后读/dz/ cake-cakes day-days student-students以-s -x -sh -ch等结尾的词加es 读/Iz/ bus-buses box-boxeswatch-watches(2)某国人变复数①中国人a Chinese→Chinese ②英国人an Englishman→Englishmen ③阿拉伯人anArab→Arabs可用口诀记忆这一点，即中日不变英法变，其余s 加后面。

中考英语名词词义辨析单选40题答案解析版1.My father is a doctor. He helps people who are sick. He works in a hospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.policemanD.worker答案：B。

“teacher”是教师；“doctor”是医生；“policeman”是警察；“worker”是工人。

题干中明确提到父亲是医生，在医院工作帮助生病的人，所以选B。

2.My mother is a teacher. She teaches students in a school.A.nurseB.teacherC.cookD.driver答案：B。

“nurse”是护士；“teacher”是教师；“cook”是厨师；“driver”是司机。

题干说母亲是教师在学校教学生，所以选B。

3.My aunt is a nurse. She takes care of sick people in a hospital.A.doctorB.nurseC.policemanD.worker答案：B。

“doctor”是医生；“nurse”是护士；“policeman”是警察；“worker”是工人。

题干表明阿姨是护士在医院照顾病人，所以选B。

4.My uncle is a policeman. He keeps people safe.A.teacherB.policemanC.cookD.driver答案：B。

“teacher”是教师；“policeman”是警察；“cook”是厨师；“driver”是司机。

题干说叔叔是警察保护人们安全，所以选B。

5.My grandfather is a farmer. He grows crops on the farm.A.workerB.farmerC.driverD.cook答案：B。

“worker”是工人；“farmer”是农民；“driver”是司机；“cook”是厨师。

【精选】2020年中考英语语法复习：《名词》考点突破中考英语复习《名词》考点突破近年来，中考英语单选题中对名词的考查呈现逐年变化的趋势，“词义辨析”成了主要的考查形式，“名词所有格、名词单复数的变化、名词作定语及固定短语中名词的单复数表示法”等常规考点仅有少量体现。

下面结合近几年的中考真题谈谈这些考点及相关的解题方法。

【考点一】名词词义辨析解题指导:解答“辨析名词词义”的单选题时，要通过上下文提供的信息推断空格处缺少一个什么含义的名词。

解题时，首先要仔细推敲题干的意思，根据语义逻辑、语言常识、生活常识等进行推理判断，找出题干中缺少什么含义的单词，然后缺什么就选什么。

【中考真题】1.－It' s useless to regret what has been done. Don't make those mistakes again－I won't. That's a(n) .(2018年河南)A. orderB. decisionC. promiseD. agreement2. I live near a . It gets very noisy on match days. (2018年江西)A. hospitalB. storeC. bankD. playground3.－What is the of your excellent spoken English?－Practice makes perfect! (2018年安徽)A. resultB. influenceC. dutyD. secret4. Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden .(2018年天津)A. competitionB. interviewC. treasureD. tradition5. Could you please put some in my cup? I'd like sweet coffee. (2018年青岛)A. sugarB. saltC. iceD. pepper6. Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high from the art community for this sculptures. (2018年宿迁)A. prideB. praiseC. promiseD. progress7. The Queqiao Satellite(卫星)will form a bridge between controllers on earth and the far side of the moon. (2018年扬州)A. contributionB. communicationC. celebrationD. competition8. The is so strong today that my hair keeps blowing in the air.A. rainB. snowC. sunD. wind9.－Do you have this T shirt in a small ?－I'm afraid not. It only comes in medium.(2018年南京)A. sizeB. colourC. materialD. taste10.－Let' s see what food you've got for dinner.－Look, we have mutton, fish, eggs, tomatoes and . (2018年东营)A. milkB. breadC. coffeeD. juice11. In every ，there has to be some give-and-take. (2018年武威)A. friendshipB. instrumentC. attentionD. blackboard12. National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presentedon CCTV. It means a growing in traditional culture among China's youth.(2018年连云港)A. interestB. directionC. habitD. dream13.－What was the of the football match last night?－AC Milan won the game. (2018年温州)A. valueB. resultC. choiceD. decision14. My grandpa knows the history and medical of many plants.(2017年扬州)A. wealthB. priceC. valueD. cost15. To the teacher' s joy, the student made great this term.(2017年黄石)A. resultB. preparationC. suggestionD. progress16. Dr. Ma has helped a lot of patients see again in the of his life.(2017年南通)A. formB. wayC. directionD. course17. Nowadays some made in China are both good and cheap, such as Xiaomi mobile phones, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers.(2017年东营)A. toolsB. productsC. materialsD. instruments18.－Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?－Either day is OK. It makes no to me.(2017年苏州)A. choiceB. changeC. differenceD. decision19. Daniel has tried to lose by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.(2017年广东)A. weightB. weightsC. heightD. heights20.－It' s hot today. Have some ，please.－No, thanks. I' m not thirsty at a11.(2017年怀化)A. waterB. potatoesC. bread21. Fruit is good for health, so I o8en have breakfast with one .(2017年青岛)A. candyB. cakeC. bananaD. hamburger22.－Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week.－Well, you' d better take a with you, or you may easily got lost. (2017年重庆A卷)A. photoB. stampC. mapD. postcard23. Zhang Lin is a popular in this school and most students are her fans. (2017年重庆B卷)A. farmerB. doctorC. workerD. teacher24. The New Silk Road will offer a good for nations to communicate.(2017年安徽)A. chanceB. habitC. questionD. price25.－Do you have any for tonight yet?－Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach?(2017年江西)A. problemsB. newsC. plansD. rules【答案与解析】1. C。

(2)不可数名词考点二名词的数1. 不可数名词(2)计量①不可数名词的计量形式：基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词②数词决定量词单/复数形式。

例如：a glass of water 一杯水a piece of news 一则新闻two cups of tea 两杯茶three pieces of advice 三条建议2. 可数名词【巧学妙记】（1）巧记名词复数变f/fe为v加-es的单词：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去杀狼（wolf），架（shelf）后小偷（thief）逃命忙。

（2）一句话巧记以o结尾名词复数加-es的单词：英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）。

(3）一句话巧记名词复数的不规则变化：①字母变化：男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙。

man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse- mice, tooth-teeth②各国人变复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。

Chinese，Japanese单复数同形；Englishman，Frenchman中man变为men；其余各国人，如German，American，Indian等均在后面直接加-s。

③单复数同形：中日鹿鱼羊。

Chinese 中国人，Japanese 日本人，deer 鹿，fish鱼 sheep 羊（注：fish表示鱼的种类时，其复数形式是fishes）3. 集体名词(1)常见集体名词family家庭，people人们，class班级，police警察，nation民族等。

(2)集体名词的用法①集体名词指整体时，视为单数。

作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：Her family is going to move. 她家要搬走了。

②集体名词指组成集体的各个成员时，则视为复数。

作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

中考语法考点1.当名词作定语修饰名词时 ,当修饰词为 man 和 woman 时 ,将 man 或 woman 与被修饰的名词同时变为复数 ,当修饰词不是 man 或 woman 时,只把被修饰词变为复数。

2.只有复数形式的名词 :由两个同样部分组成的名词一般都以复数形式出现。

例 :glasses眼镜 trousers 裤子 gloves 手套 shoes鞋子 socks 袜子 jeans 牛仔裤3.只用复数形式的名词短语do exercises做操 take turns 轮番 take notes做笔录in dozens 成打的 make friends with 与交朋友shake hands with同. 握手4.单、复数意义同样的名词make faces/ a face做鬼脸 play jokes/ a joke on sb开某人的玩笑have talks/ a talk with sb 同某人谈话单、复数意义不一样的名词have a word with sb 同某人说句话have words with sb同某人吵嘴make cloth 织布make clothes制衣5.有些抽象名词可用复数形式表示详细的事物。

①I had great difficulty (in learning English .He faced many difficulties (详细困难②You are my last hopeWe have many hopes for future.具(体希望6.in 表示 | “用 (方式 ,资料 ,门路 ,语言”,也可用于表示交通方式 ,用“ in + one ’ s + car ”He wrote many letters in English.You can do this in a different way.in 表示“在..方面”7. on 表示“阐述”,常与 speak , talk , write , lecture等词连用。

2024年中考英语专题复习精练—名词辨析1一、名词的概念及分类概念：名词是表示人、事物、地点和抽象概念名称的词，如：bird, human，ruler，hospital，belief等。

分类：分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

名词辨析目前只见考普通名词二、考题特点多是以考察形近字、近义词为主。

比如in开头的一些单词，以tion结尾的一些单词，都是考试的重点，例inventions，invitations，instructions，interviews。

三、解题技巧1.名词辨析：理解语境，选择适合句子意思的动词(常考动词的基本义，比如production表生产，organization表组织，instruction表说明，attention表关注)2.积累含名词的固定搭配.(常考名词的固定搭配，比如a sense of achievement，the discovery of new energy，a great influence on.)四、常见的名词辨析(1)sound指的是声音；noise指的是噪音；voice指的是嗓音。

(2)courage是勇气，impression是印象，balance是平衡，trust是信任，wealth是财富，luck是运气，humor是幽默。

(3)victim是受害者，罹难者；witness是目击者；suspect是犯罪嫌疑人；detective是侦探(4)game show游戏节目，chat show访谈节目，cartoon卡通片，documentary纪录片(5)science fiction科幻电影；科幻小说，horror film恐怖电影，romantic film爱情片，action film动作片。

(6)instruction是指示、用法说明；application是应用、申请；competition是竞争；discussion是讨论。

(7)rope是绳子；glue是胶水；tape是磁带，胶带；scissor是剪刀(8)flood是洪水，snowstorm是暴风雪，fog是雾，earthquake是地震(9)condition是环境，条件，状况；conversation是会话，谈话；communication是交流；connection是联系。

专题04 词法考点之词义辨析及短语辨析【题型解读】词汇辨异是中考最大考向之一，考查范围是中考必备词汇，是同学们很容易混淆的知识点，也是中考难度较大的一个考题，词汇辨异在中考中主要考查单词意义的辨识，用法上的辨异，语境应用。

偏重实词的辨异（名词，动词，形容词，副词）。

短语辨析是中考考点之一，考查范围是中考必备常用短语，是同学们很容易混淆的知识点，也是中考难度较大的一个考题，短语辨析在中考中主要考查短语意义的辨识，用法上的辨异，语境应用。

主要有动词短语，形容词短语，介词短语，名词性短语等。

考题以单项选择和完形填空的形式出现。

【命题规律】中考英语考查词义辨析包含：1.名词的词义辨析；2.代词的词义辨析；3.介词的词义辨析；4.形容词和副词词义辨析；5.动词词义辨析；6.连词词义辨析。

7.动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语搭配及其它。

针对此类试题，考生要熟记单词及短语的词义，并结合前后语境来选择正确选项。

对于语境辨析类试题，首先掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。

【解题技巧】一是运用生活经验、知识积累、根据上下文语境推测所要表达的意思。

二是要正确掌握一些同义词和近义词的用法区别。

三要积累并且正确实际一些词组短语的固定搭配。

【考点诠释】【典题举隅】1．The newly-built museum is easily _________ by car.A．suitable B．observable C．horrible D．accessible2．He is such a brave person that I have always had the greatest _________ for him.A．generation B．operation C．admiration D．observation3．The traditional buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties in this town are well _________ A．conserved B．preserved C．reserved D．deserved4．Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest _________.A．convenience B．instruction C．consideration D．interruption5．With the development of AI, the line between humans and robots will be more _________in the future.A．absurd B．violent C．urgent D．blurred6．Some regard AI as a potential major threat to humans. However, others _________ this fear.A．appreciate B．dismiss C．address D．recall7．It seems to be beyond his _________ to follow simple instructions.A．dignity B．liberty C．capacity D．integrity8．I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more ________ the problems faced by disabled people.A．curious about B．interested in C．aware of D．careful with9．After that Jim realised it is essential for everyone to ________ the traffic rules.A．observe B．allow C．consider D．break10．If you don’t feel you’re ________ after some practice, you’ll start to lose your confidence and stay stuck in fear.A．progressing B．programming C．prohibiting D．promising11．The couple has a high success rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s_________.A．budget B．abilities C．expectations D．understanding12．We felt it would be a rewarding experience for our children to grow up seeing other cultures and learning to love others as a(n)_________.A．companion B．reminder C．equal D．individual13．That split second decision of wearing the helmet changed my entire life, and turned this_________ accident into a minor one.A．ridiculous B．strange C．major D．vital14．When she one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand.A．reached B．consulted C．introduced D．persuaded15．During my childhood, I was constantly involved in something that included people’s viewing my achievements or my________.A．natures B．backgrounds C．scores D．failures16．A balanced diet and ________ physical exercise are the keys to a healthy lifestyle.A．normal B．particular C．regular D．formal17．The witness told the police everything he had seen, being careful not to ________ any details.A．give out B．leave out C．take out D．figure out18．It’s midafternoon. You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy. Should you ______to the comfort of a nap?A．give up B．give away C．give off D．give in19．What will remain of us when artificial intelligence will be our creativity.A．takes over B．drops out C．falls away D．breaks away20．It’s believed that people who strangers feel a greater sense of belonging, a bond with others.A．reach out to B．keep away from C．catch up with D．take advantage of21．As time____, you’ll come to think of English as your friend and love it.A．goes by B．runs out C．takes off D．turns up22．Every student is supposed to ________ a sporting activity for a healthy life.A．come across B．put away C．turn down D．take up23．If Jenny had followed her cousin’s advice, she could have a millionairess.A．caught up B．brought up C．taken up D．ended up24．The little boy saw the spider and ran away _______.A．in turn B．in his own right C．in a mess D．in fear25．Nowadays, we can see each other’s faces by using smart phones, ________ the distance.A．except for B．regardless of C．according to D．apart from26．Most students voted Harry for the chairman of Student Union because they thought he organizing a great sports day.A．was consistent with B．was concerned aboutC．was relevant to D．was capable of27．He loves science and his whole life is ________ scientific research.A．amounted to B．dedicated to C．limited to D．similar to28．It is what you do _______ what you say that matters.A．rather than B．other than C．more than D．less than29．We are________ succeed if we stick to our primary goal.A．consistent with B．bound toC．susceptible to D．devoted to30．________, I am not going to employ such a selfish man.A．To be frank B．After all C．To make things worse D．More importantly1．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）As a student, you should keep a ________ between your schoolwork and your hobbies.A．diary B．record C．secret D．balance2．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）After she was brought back to China, the sick giant panda Ya Ya received good ________ in her new home and got better.A．education B．communication C．entertainment D．treatment3．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）—________ are easily made, but not easily kept.—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.A．Speeches B．Decisions C．Promises D．Suggestions4．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The main ________ of the cities along the Grand Canal (大运河) is history and culture.A．attraction B．pollution C．invention D．situation5．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition.—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.A．condition B．attention C．invention D．position6．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Good news! The Chinese women table tennis team won a gold and a silver again.—Great! No matter who wins the medals, it is the ________ of our country.A．price B．pioneer C．pride D．pain7．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou?—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________!A．movement B．attraction C．experience D．research8．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）—Life is like a road. It isn’t always ________.—I can’t agree more. So we should learn to deal with all kinds of difficulties.A．smooth B．silent C．serious D．special9．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）My cousin is ________. He never forgets the things he needs to do.A．energetic B．curious C．organized D．confident10．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Hua Hua—a panda at Chengdu Giant Panda Base is ________ because of her cute looks.A．popular B．public C．proper D．private11．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）Tips: For our own safety, we’d better not stand under big trees on ________ days in summer.A．sunny B．cloudy C．rainy D．foggy12．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）—I like your teapot. It has a very funny but interesting shape.—Thank you. It’s a work of art, but it is also ________ for tea making.A．natural B．practical C．equal D．general13．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）The first Nobel Prize was presented to a German scientist for the discovery of rays, which are ________ used to look for problems inside our bodies.A．quietly B．successfully C．hardly D．gently14．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Mum opened the door ________ because she didn’t want to wake up her baby.A．angrily B．loudly C．quickly D．quietly15．（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）Dressing up as a ghost is ________ unusual in our culture. People think it will bring bad luck.A．hardly B．hard C．highly D．high16．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）—Our English teacher is very confident. And he is always ready to ________ a challenge.—So he is. We all like him.A．touch B．choose C．discuss D．accept17．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The writer who wrote Learn From the Role Model Lei Feng didn’t ________ the song would be enjoyed by many people for 60 years.A．expect B．create C．accept D．change18．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you put all your eggs in one basket, you ________ losing everything all at one time.A．risk B．enjoy C．avoid D．consider19．（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）—Let’s go and get something to eat. What do you ________?—How about fish and chips?A．suggest B．imagine C．suppose D．insist20．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）Zhang Hua, our monitor, is organized and thoughtful enough to ________ time well.A．reduce B．manage C．control D．influence21．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）We don’t ________ much from the kids because they can’t understand the value of this work.A．express B．excuse C．expect D．explain22．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）This kind of SmartWatch ________ Mr Li’s daily needs. He wears it all the time.A．satisfies B．hides C．carries D．brings23．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）—Can you ________ the sign for the community party?—Sure, where should I hang it?A．keep up B．take up C．give up D．put up24．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）The wind energy costs very little and will never ________. Besides, it produces little pollution.A．blow out B．run out C．put out D．break out25．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I loved the book so much that I could hardly ________.A．put it up B．put it down C．put it on D．put it out26．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）The energy from the sun and the wind costs little and will never ________.A．turn out B．put out C．cut out D．run out27．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）Most neighbours ________ the habit of square dancing to create a quieter environment for us.A．get into B．care about C．carry on D．give up28．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Paper cut-outs of “double happiness” are often ________ in the married couple’s home to bring good wishes.A．put back B．put up C．put on D．put off29．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our school provides so many colourful after-school activities on Fridays, but each student can only choose _______ two activities.A．at first B．at last C．at least D．at most30．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）People are ________ whether a man wearing glasses can enter a space station.A．patient with B．crazy about C．busy with D．curious about31．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）We need to tell people to just do one small thing well ________ 100 things poorly.A．as well as B．instead of C．according to D．because of32．（2022·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）Tom used to be afraid of speaking ________, but now he is much more confident(自信的).A．in public B．in person C．in total D．in silence33．（2023·辽宁·中考真题）We should be ________ our parents. They have done a lot for us.A．thirsty for B．thankful to C．angry with D．similar to34．（2022·湖北襄阳·中考真题）—Do you enjoy the dance show Tang Gong Ye Yan of Henan TV?—Sure. Many young people _________ understanding traditional Chinese culture.A．are hard on B．are thirsty for C．are thankful to D．are known as35．（2022·辽宁·中考真题）Miss Ye is ________ us sometimes, but she truly cares about everyone.A．hard on B．thankful to C．sure about D．similar to36．（2023·四川巴中·中考真题）Usually, parents ________ the smallest success of their children.A．are pride in B．take pride in C．are proud in D．take proud of37．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）—What do you think of your middle school life?—Busy but wonderful. ________, it’s valuable.A．In the end B．All in all C．As a result D．First of all38．（2023·湖北荆州·中考真题）— Good news? You’ve passed the PE test.— Hooray! ______, I was worried about it.A．By accident B．To be honest C．As a result D．In my opinion39．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Could you please tell me where Mr Green is?—Sure. He has ________ for London.A．cut out B．put out C．come out D．set out40．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—I don’t know how to ________ the old books.—Why don’t you give them away to the kids in poor areas?A．deal with B．put on C．hand out D．take up 41．（2023·湖北襄阳·中考真题）—Shall we go to the nature park this weekend?—Good idea. We can ________ fresh air in the park.A．take up B．take down C．take in D．take off 42．（2023·湖北黄石·中考真题）—Everyone should build the good habit of saving food.—I agree, so I always ________ the food I order.A．eat up B．use up C．throw away D．give away。