科技类1、 A buld-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunat ely, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It's delicate.B.It's expensive.C.It's complex.D.It's portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet's center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form .A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet2、After ye ars of research and testing, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It’ s an interesting and exciting new improvement in today’ s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve our natural resources.The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car’ s engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that’s not how it works. The 144volt battery pack is actually recharged through the energy that i s produced when the car’s brakes are used. This is referred to as “regenerative braking”, because it generates electricity.Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time, this helps it use less gas than a regular car. When the driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probabl y wouldn’t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashes a warning on its computer screen that says, “I am low on gas”. When it completely runs out, the warning reads, “YOU ARE NOW OUT OFGAS!” Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.The hybrid car will be put on the market.B.Hybrid cars run faster than regular cars.C.When the hybrid car stops at a traffic light, the driver will get a warning.D.The burning of fossil fuels is one of the largest sources of air pollution.2.According to the passage, the word “hybrid” refers to ________.ording to the passage, the word "hybrid" refers to ________.A. a high-tech discoveryB.energy savingC.a new inventionD.a combination of two things3.“Regenerative breaking” is an important process of the hybrid car because ________.A.it allows the car to come to a quick stopB.it gives the driver a smoother rideC.it produces energy to charge the batteryD.it can control the speed of the car4.Which of the following is right about the EPA?A.They designed hybrid cars.B.They outlawed (宣布……为不合法) the burning of fossil fuels.C.They set important guidelines that help control pollution.D.Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals.5.Which of the following is the reason for developing hybrid cars?A.They use less gas than regular cars.B.They' re safer to drive than most cars.C.They're more modern than other cars.D.They cost less than regular cars.3、Getting stitched(缝合)up by Dr.Robot may one day be reality.Scientists have created a robotic system which did just that in living animals without a real doctor pulling,the strings.Much like engineers are designing self-driving cars,the medical research is part of a move towardautonomous surgical robots,removing the surgeon’s hands from certain tasks that a machine might perform all by itself.Doctors wouldn’t leave the bedside they’re supposed to watch,plus they’d handle the rest of the surgery. In small tests using pigs,the robotic arm performed at least as well,and in some cases a bit better,as some competing surgeons in stitching together intestinal(肠的)tissue.“The purpose wasn’t to replace surgeons,”said Dr.Kim who led the project.“If you hav e all intelligent tool that works with a surgeon,can it improve the outcome? That’s what we have done.”If you’ve heard about machines like the popular Da Vinci system,you might think robots already are operating.Not really.Today many hospitals offer,robot-assisted surgery where surgeons use the machinery as tools that they control by hand,typically,to operate through tiny openings in the body.But robot-assisted surgery has been controversial,as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.Kim’s team at Children’s Sheikh Zayed Institute invented the new STAR system—it stands for Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot—works sort of like a programmable sewing machine.They added sensors to help guide each stitch and tell how tightly to pull.But the approach wasn’t perfect.In the living animals,the robot took much longer and made a few stitching mistakes while the surgeon sewing by hand made none.Kim said the robot can be sped up.Fie hopes to begin human studies in two or three years.1.What’s the best title for the text?A.A new robotic systemB.A new-style way of stitchingC.The newly-designed driverless vehiclesD.Robot surgeons one step closer to reality2.What will surgeons do when Dr.Robot is used in surgery?A.They can help pull the strings.B.They rest at the bedside.C.They join in when necessary.D.They perform other surgery.3.Some people are against using robots in surgery probably because_________.A.they can be out of controlB.they will take shorter timeC.they may be expensive to useD.they are likely to cause great pain4.What can we infer from the text?A.Dr.Robot can take the place of surgeons.B.Dr.Robot will be developed at a fast pace.C.Dr.Robot has been tested with human trials.D.Dr.Robot can free doctors’hands i n the operation.4、 A hybrid electric vehicle (混合动力车) or HEV is a vehicle driven by the combination of petrol engine and electric motor. Terrence has been driving a HEV for five years. He really doesn’t understand why more people aren’t accepting them. “I probably spend about $ 7 a day on petrol,” the taxi driver told news. com. au. In his previous conventional vehicle Terrence said he was spending up to $ 30 a day on petrol, meaning he saves almost $ 6000 every year.The Toyota spokesman said this was quite a high saving and official tests estimate (估计) an average driver would only save about 33 percent off their current bill. This means a driver paying $ 30 a day on petrol would see their bill drop to about $ 20 using the hybrid. “A taxi driver that drives in built-up areas and spends little time on highways will notice a higher fuel saving,” he said. “Low speeds allow the electric motors to be used more and the petrol engine used less.”While some people are skeptical about how reliable hybrids are, Terrence said he had never run out of power. His Camry cost about $ 34,000 and so after five years, it’s nearly paid for itself. “For cab drivers, it’s a real advantage because of the cost-effectiveness,” he said.Terrence has no complaints about the car. “I l ove it, the calm and quietness of it, the simplicity of it—you just jump in and go. The maintenance(保养)is really low. But the only difficulty is finding someone to service the car as there are not many experienced mechanics(机修工).”Terrence said it’s “extraordinary” that more drivers aren’t buying more hybrid electric vehicles and that governments are not encouraging this more. “I think people have a view that you have to plug it in, which is not true. A lack of information about the cars may be stopping people from taking the plunge. It’s not promoted at all for the public to understand—it’s simplifying the actual owning of a car—you don’t have to do so many things to own it and run it, it’s just so much simpler. Why wouldn’t the government promote such a thing?”1.How much does an average driver save each day by driving a hybrid, according to the Toyota spokesman?A.$30B.$20C.$10D.$72.Terrence’s problem with his HEV at the moment is about the ________.A.speedB.powerC.priceD.service3.When saying “extraordinary”, Terrence thinks it is ________.A.understandableB.wonderfulC.doubtfulD.unbelievable4. What does Terrence think prevent the popularity of hybrid cars?A.The difficulty in servicing the car.B.The restriction of the government.C.The lack of information about HEV.D.The inconvenience with charging the car.5、Humans have been keeping animals as pets for tens of thousands of years, but Dr. Jean-Loup Rault, an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, believes new companions are coming: robot pets.“Technology is moving very fast,” Rault told ABC News, “The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet, and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.”This may not sit well with pet lovers. After all, who would choose a plastic toy over a lovely puppy? But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it: “You don’t have to feed it, you don’t have to walk it, it won’t make a mess in your house, and you can go on a holidaywithout feeling guilty.” The technology also benefits those who are allergic to pets, short on space, or fearful of real animals.It’s not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones. But studies do suggest that we can bond(紧密联系)with these smart machines. People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories. It’s the same with robots. When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aibo in March 2014, owners in Japan held funerals.As an animal welfare researcher, Rault is concerned about how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals. “If we become used to a robotic companion that doesn’t need food, water or exercises, perhaps it will change how humans care about other living beings.” He said.So are dogs and cats a thing of the past, as Rault predicts? For those who grew up with living and breathing pets, the mechanical kind might not do. But for our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future in which lovely pets ne edn’t have a heartbeat might not be a far-fetched dream.1.What does the underlined part “sit well with” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Be refused by.B.Be beneficial to.C.Receive support from.D.Make a difference to.2.Who is fond of keeping robot pets?A.Those who are not fearful of real animals.B.Those who grew up with living beings.C.Those who will develop strong bond with their machines.D.Those who are often exposed to smart technology.3.What may be the best title for the text?A.Robot pets are comingB.The popularity of robot petsC.Living pets are dying outD.The advantages of robot toys6、Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space, but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.Robots make great explorers on planets, moons, and other landing areas. Aside from the earth, just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe, making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand. Plus there would be complications with radiation, weather, and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.Robots are designed for collecting scientific data. Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals, analyzing ground samples, and finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots.The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans, but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. Moreover, robots have no problems working for hours on end. Robots never c omplain, they don’t require food or water, and they never need a bathroom break.Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars’ history.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.The Development of RobotsB.The Discovery of Space ExplorationC.No Robots, No Space ExplorationD.Robots Are Used in Space Exploration2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A.The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.B.It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.C.Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars.D.Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.3.The underlined word “withstand” most probably means “______”A.remainB.bearC.defeatD.develop4.What is the writer's attitude in this passage?A.Negative(消极的)B.Critical(批判性的)C.Subjective(主观的)D.Objective(客观的)7、US private rocket company SpaceX has announced that two private citizens have paid to be sent around the Moon. The mission (任务) is planned for late 2018. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said, "This presents an opportunity for humans to return to deep space for the first time in 45 years."The two unnamed people will fly aboard a spaceship which is set for its first unmanned test flight later this year. The co-operation of America's NASA space agency had made the plan possible. Mr. Musk said, "The two passengers will travel faster and further into the solar system than any before them." Like the Apollo astronauts before them, these individuals will travel into space carrying the hopes and dreams of all humankind, driven by the universal human spirit of exploration."We expect to conduct health and fitness tests, as well as begin initial training later this year. The first mission would be unmanned, and the next one―with crew―was expec ted in the second quarter of 2018," the rich businessman and inventor said, "The first passengers are entering this with their eyes open, knowing that there is some risk here. They're certainly not childish, and we'll do everything we can to reduce that risk, but it's not zero."The space tourists would make a circle around the Moon, scanning the lunar surface and then going well beyond. However, the mission will not involve a lunar landing. "If NASA decided totake part in a lunar fly-by mission, then the agency would have privilege," Mr. Musk said. The US has not sent astronauts to the Moon since the early 1970s.1.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.The two tourists can't afford to fly around the moon.B.Space travels are rooted in the spirit of human exploration.C.Initial training is expected to be conducted at the beginning of 2018.D.The two tourists are expected to fly at a slow speed.2.The agency has privilege because ______A.it needs co-operation with Mr. MuskB.it has previous technical skillsC.it will be able to remove all the risksD.it has to make money for research3.Where can you most probably read the text?A.In a textbook.B.In a science fiction.C.In a travel brochure.D.On a news website.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.The Coming Moon Trip of Two Private CitizensB.An Opportunity to Explore Space for the First TimeC.A Paid Trip Planned by SpaceX to 'Land on the MoonD.Two Unmanned Missions of Circling around the Moon8、 A 10-year-old boy rides his bicycle slowly to a busy crossing. In front of him, cars and SUVs speed by, without pausing. He waits for a gap in traffic. When he sees one, he pushes off, gaining speed. But by the time he's halfway across, a car is almost coming in front of him. He makes it to the other side—but just barely. This scene usually happens across the country, but in this case, it occurred in a completely safe environment.The bike is stationary. The street is actually a laboratory at the University of Iowa, surrounded by three huge screens. The ‘‘ cars ’’ are 3-D virtual images. And the entire process is observed byresearchers who are trying to understand the factors that put children at risk when crossing the street on a bike or on foot.Crossing the street is one of the first experiences in a child's life. The researchers in Iowa are looking to learn more about that decision-making process with the goals that include giving parents information that could help them when they’re discus sing safety with young children. The risks children face on the road are real: 531,340 children were injured in 2014 on a bicycle.Most of the data the team has collected focus on children crossing the street on bicycles. Researchers record when kids believe it's safe to cross the street, children in the 10-12-year-old group often are actually close to adults in terms of the gaps they think safe to cross. The problem is how well they are able to act on those judgements.“Their timing of movement is not as good as adults,” Plumert, one of the researchers said. "They delay when they start crossing. As a result,they actually have less time to spare before the next car comes."When adults anticipate(预见) a gap in traffic after an approaching car passes, they'll actually begin crossing while that car is still in front of them. Children wait until that first car hasgone by completely, giving them less time to cross before the next car nears.1.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?A.An experiment being done on kids riding bikes.B.An accident which happened at a busy crossing.C.A scene which was filmed on a country road.D.A terrible case made up by a group of researchers.2.What does the underlined word "stationary" most probably mean?A.Moving slowly.B.Speeding up.C.Remaining still.D.Being in danger.3.What can we infer from the third paragraph?A.Riding a bicycle poses a risk to children.B.Crossing a street on foot is very safe to kids.C.Parents know little about safety on the road.D.Drivers often fail to spot the cycling children.4.What is the result of the experiments?A.Children’s judgement on distance is usually not correct.B.Children usually cross while the car is still in front of them.C.Children can’t wait for the approaching cars to pass by.D.Children have less time to cross by waiting for the cars to go by completely.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D解析：1.推理判断题。
