八年级英语unit 3 what are you doing for vacation 通用版知识精讲
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初二英语Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? 通用版
【本讲主要内容】
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
通过本课的学习,我们应该能做到下面几件事:
1. 学会运用现在进行时结构描述自己或他人安排好将要进行的动作;
2. 学会就他人活动安排提出建议或忠告;
3. 学会合理安排假期生活。
【知识掌握】
同学们,你们一定曾不只一次地憧憬能够度过一个精彩的假期吧?你的假期生活通常由谁安排?你愿意来为自己作主吗?那学习完这个单元,用你的完美计划来说服你的父母吧!
★词汇用法。
1. vacation/ holiday
二者意思相同,表示“假日,休假”。但前者一般用于美国英语,后者常用于英国英语,但vacation 通常没有复数形式,而holiday 可以有复数形式,特别是指超过一天的假日。
on vacation = on holiday take a holiday = take a vacation
take three days’ vacation 休假三天
2. visit/ call on/go to see
以上三组词都有“访问”的意思,但visit较为正式,可用于访问人,也可用于访问地点。call on 有时可以代替visit, 但只限于人。访问某地使用 call at。go to see 为普通用语,一般用于指人。如:
She visited her aunt in Shanghai in the winter holiday.
I called on a friend of mine five days ago.
Betty is ill, let’s go to see her after school.
▲visit + 人+ 地点
▲call on + 人
▲go to see +人
3. go camping去野营
go + doing 是英语中一种常用的搭配,表示带有目的去做某事,例如:
go swimming
go fishing
go shopping
go boating
go hiking
go bike riding
go sightseeing
go skating
go skiing
4. Who are you going with? go是一个不及物动词,在英语中不及物动词不直接带宾语,其后往往有一个介词引导宾语。当提问句子宾语时,所形成的问句中要保留原来的介词。如:
Who are you going with?
What are you looking for?
Which room does he live in?
What are you looking at?
Who are you waiting for?
5. show sb sth = show sth to sb 把某物拿给某人看。
Show me your photos. = Show your photos to me.
在此句式中,show 是带有双宾语的及物动词,常见的带双宾语的动词有 bring, give,
lend, pass, read, return, show, teach, tell 等,这类动词的间接宾语后移时,要加入相应的介词。
6. get back 动词短语
*“回来,返回”
如果其后跟宾语,后面需跟介词to, 表示 “返回某地”。如:
We are going to get back to school next month.
*“取回,要回”
You can keep the book for two days, then I’ll get it back.
7. What’s it like there? 那里怎么样?
like是一个使用频率较高的词,它既可做动词,又能做介词。
(1)作及物动词,意为“喜欢”后接名词或代词。
(2)常与would 连用,表示“想要,愿意”语气较客气委婉。
(3)在 How do you like…?句式中,意为“你觉得……怎么样?
(4)作介词,意为“像“,“和……一样”,常和 look 连用组成:look like 看起来像
你能分清以下三个句子吗?
What does he like?
What is he like?
What does he look like?
8. think of/ think about/ think over
这三个词都有 “想,思考”的意思,具体区别为:
①think of 指“想到”(某人,某物,某事,某主意等)如:
She’s a league member. She’s always thinking of others.
②think about“考虑,思考” 指回想到过去发生的事或想到某人,也可指考虑一件未做的事。如:
Maybe I’ll think about going with you.
③think over “仔细考虑,认真思考”。如:
You must think it over before leaving for Shanghai.
9. spend 的用法
*spend-spent-spent“花费(时间,金钱等)”
*常用于spend time/money on sth 表示在某事上花费(多少时间,金钱)如:
I spent 120 dollars on the CDs.
My mother spends an hour on the housework every day.
同样这组句子也可用It takes sb …to do…
It took me 120 dollars to buy the CDs.
It takes my mother an hour to do the housework every day. 注意:pay 付款,常与 for 搭配
I paid 120 dollars for the CDs. (主语与spend 一样,都是人)
cost 需要(多少钱)价值(多少钱)(主语不能是人)
The CDs cost (me) 120 dollars. 这些CD 价值120$。(这些CD需要我花或花了我120$。)
* spend time with sb 表示和某人一起度过某段时间,其主语只能是人。
如: I like to spend time with my family.
10. how long 多久(时间)/ 多长(物体长度)
How long will you be in London? For about two months.
How long is the bridge? It’s fifty meters long.
11. like to do = want to do
一般来说,表示较笼统的概念,如某种习惯或爱好,常用like doing表示,而表示具体的事情一般用 like to do。如:
I like watching TV, but now I like to play the computer games because I have to give it back
to Peter tomorrow.
12. go away
① 表示“离开,不在”如: She is going away for two weeks.
② 表示“滚开”,代表一种特别粗暴的语气,
Go away, you’re the last one I want to see.
13. something different
something 作不定代词。与形容词连用时多放在形容词前面,如:
Can you tell me something exciting?
There is nothing new in today’s newspaper.
注意:▼不定代词 something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, someone,
anyone, no one 等不定代词由形容词修饰时要放在其后,即定语后置。
▼ 不定代词 somebody, sometime, somewhere, something, someone, anything, anyone,
everything , nothing
这些词后的共同特点是谓语动词均为第三人称单数。
14. forget to do sth 忘记要做某事(没去做)
forget doing 忘记做过了某事(已做过)
I forgot to close the window. 我忘了关窗户。
I forgot closing the window. 关窗户一事我记不起来了。
★语法重点难点:
(一)现在进行时的基本用法:
1. 现在进行时由be 动词加现在分词构成,主要表示现在这一阶段正在进行的动作,这个用法我们以前学过。如:
What’s Jim doing?
He is playing in the garden.
2. 现在进行时可用来表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,这时句中常用一个表示未来时间的状语。如:
What’re you doing for vacation?
I’m going sightseeing.
■go, come, leave, fly, move 等词的现在进行时可表示将来。如: