自考英语二讲义0903

09年自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（45）III.课文精讲第一部分：para.1The new music was built out of materials already in existence：bules，rock‘n’roll，folk music. But although the forms remained，something completely new and original was made out of these older elements - more original，perhaps，than even the new musicians themselves yet realize. The transformation took place in 1966- 1967. Up to that time，the blues had been an essentially black medium. Rock‘n’roll，a blues derivative，was rhythmic dance music. Folk music，old and modern，was popular among college students. The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct，and even as late as 1965，none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness. Blues expressed black soul；rock was the beat of youthful energy；and folk music expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love and hope.1.in existence 表示现有的，已有的。

自考英语（二）讲义完整版三自考英语（二）讲义完整版三Unit 2 练习：1.词汇英译汉：escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all2.句子英译汉：1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.7）There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.8）They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.3 句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。

自考《英语二》讲义自考“英语（二）”完整讲义讲义一T ext A What Is a Decision ？I.课文内容简介决策的目的是制定和实现组织目标。

作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西防碍目标或目的的实现。

作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。

决策者必须具备从多个可供选择的可能性中确定最佳选择的手段。

而多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观。

今天所作的决策可能会对将来产生深远的影响。

因此，有经验的管理者能从当前决策看到将来的效果。

II.New WordsOrganizational a. 组织上的goal n. 目的，目标objective n./ a. 目标，目的/客观的，真实的Accomplish vt. 完成（任务等）predict vt./vi. 预言；预示accompany vt. 伴随，陪同Implement vt. 实现；完成Constraint n. 强制；强制因素precedent n. 先例，前例Simplify vt. 简化tendency n. 趋势，倾向Managerial a. 经理的，管理人的maker n. 制造者；制造商Achievement n. 完成，达到attain vt. 达到；完成optimal a. 最适宜的，最理想的suboptimization n. 局部最优化trade-off n. 权衡；物物交换argue vt./vi. 争辩，争论budget n./vt. 预算scheme n./vt.把… 编入预算define vt. 解释，给…下定义Multiple a./n.多样的，复合的/倍数Profitability n. 赚钱，获利correctness n. 正确，正确性unintended a. 非计划中的，非故意的ongoing a. 进行中的，非故意的entity n. 存在，实体Skilled a. 熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路、碍事to make a guess at 猜测and the like 等等，诸如此类to seek to 追求，争取in part 部分地，在某种程度上point of view 观点词汇精讲1.goal n. 目标，进球，球门（同义词：aim ，end ，purpose，objective）Her goal is a place at university . 她的目标是在大学任教。

（完整版）自考英语二重点讲解复习资料自考英语二重点讲解复习资料自考英语二复习资料第一章重点单词扩充讲解：1. organizational: a 组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织； organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the high est _________ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade __________. 4). He is the _ _________ of the speech contest.Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言； predictable: a 可预测的； predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的； simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 被简化的。

Exercises for the above words:1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ___ _ edition is quite easy.3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______a question of proced ure. 4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answer s: simple; simplified; simply; simplification5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency ofgetting fatter. Or old peop le tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营； management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。

完整版讲义---华夏大地自考高伟老师主讲，真的很MAN！！第一单元知识点的回顾Text A1.choose----choice：词型转换经常考，同时注意该词的过去式和过去完成式。

2.★available:这个词考的频率很高。

换句话说，如果在答案中出现了该词，从词义上应该给予其优先考虑。

这个词出现的句子中经常会同时出现ticket, food, book等。

3.decide----decision，注意词性上的变化。

4.purpose:这个词一旦出现，它既可以考本词的意思，也可以考后面的谓语动词的形式，记住：凡是出现purpose, aim, objective, plan，dream, goal等有含有目的性的词，后面的谓语动词一定是to do的形式，同时关注这些词是否为复数形式，如果是，谓语动词一定是复数的。

5.achieve----achievement，注意词型上转换。

6.★in the way:妨碍，挡路，阻碍。

区别in a way：从某种程度上。

★on theway (to)在去…路上(★on the way home)和by the way：顺便说一句。

7.★★involve----involve ment(in)：注意词型转换，词义及介词搭配。

8.★consider----consideration。

注意词型上的转换，同时牢记take intoconsideration(account)，如果单独考本词，后面的动词一定是+ing形式(动名词)，但注意主动和被动含义上的区别。

9.make a guess at:注意固定习语的搭配。

10.certain----certainly----★certainty----★★uncertainty：注意词性和词义上的转换。

11.risk:注意后面接ing的动名词形式。

12. sometimes…;at other times…:注意前后句型上的搭配，很有可能在完型里考。

2. ⾮谓语动词 动词主要时态和语态⼀览表 ⾮谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 ⼀般式 doing 主动，正在进⾏ 被动式 being done 被动，正在进⾏ 完成主动式 having done 主动，已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动，已经完成 过去分词 done 被动，已经完成 动词不定式 ⼀般式 to do 主动，将要进⾏ 被动式 to be done 被动，将要进⾏ 完成主动式 to have done 主动，已经完成 进⾏主动式 to be doing 主动，正在进⾏ ⾮谓语动词作状语 ？动词不定式：1）⽬的状语；2）结果状语 e.g. I came here to meet you. （⽬的） He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果） ？分词：1）伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语 e.g. Walking along the street， he met his old friend. （时间） Being very tired， my father didn‘t go out with us. （原因） Made by hand， the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因） Seen from the space， the earth looks like a blue ball. （条件） ⾮谓语动词，状语从句和独⽴结构 ？ Having done their homework， the children began to play. （分词作状语） ？ After having done their homework， the children began to play. （连词+分词） ？ After they had done their homework， the children began to play. （状语从句） ？ With homework done， the children began to play. （独⽴结构） ⾮谓语动词作定语 ？ If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ （make）。

II. Text Learning300 Hurdles①Life may give you a negative, but don't despair - it may just develop into abeautiful picture one day. This year, I realized my theory that I have on life.Life is like a 300m hurdle race. Since I run the 300m hurdles, I would know whatthe race is like.②The first thing to any race is worrying about whether you are going to win ornot. This relates to worrying about the petty things in life. Does it reallymatter if you win? Is it really going to be the end of the world? Or will you beupset if you lose and then forget about it? (1)In life we worry too much andlive in the moment too little. （承上总结句）③(2)Next is the lining up in our own individual lanes. We each start atdifferent spots, but the race is still the same distance for everyone.（承上启下句）(3)This relates to our lives taking us to different places and putting us indifferent situations, but hopefully we will end up in the same place, but maybeat different times.④Now comes the beginning of the race. We all try to keep up with everyone andpace ourselves with other people. (4)This symbolizes that at times in everyone'slives we worry, about fitting in or being the same as other people, instead ofworrying about being unique. If everyone were the same, the world would beincredibly boring.本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. In life we worry too much and live in the moment too little.生活中，我们担心得太多，而活在当下太少。

(完整版)最新2013版自考英语二精讲讲义Unit 1—A Critical Reading（批判性阅读）1. critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2。

non-fiction n. 纪实文学3. position n。

观点；态度；立场4。

statement n. 说明;说法；表态5. question v. 表示疑问;怀疑out of question / out of the question 毫无疑问 / 不可能的补： in charge 管理；掌管in the charge 由…负责；由…管理（被动）6。

evaluate v。

估计；评价;评估7。

context n. 事情发生的背景,环境，来龙去脉8. value n。

values ［pl.]是非标准；价值观valuableinvaluable=priceless 无价的;valueless = 无价值的9. represent v。

描述；表现representative adj。

/n.10。

assertion n。

明确肯定；断言11。

sufficient adj。

足够的；充足的sufficiencyinsufficient 不够的；不充分的 in—：否定前缀12。

statistic n. statistics ［pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. integrate v.（使)合并,成为一体14. authority n。

专家；学术权威；泰斗an/the authority on sth。

authorize15。

compare v. 比较；对比compare A with B 把A和B进行比较compare A to B 把A比成B。

（打比方）16. subject n. 主题；题目；题材17。

consistent adj. 相符的;符合的18. inconsistency n. 不一致19. assumption n。

自考《英语(二)》串讲第一部分：课程介绍一、课程的基本内容本课程在完成“英语（一）”课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量（4500），并熟悉英语语言的表达方式.二、命题“英语（二）”命题按照标准化测试要求设计。

命题的广度和难度依据本大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定.部分命题素材取自《英语(二）自学教程》。

统考以阅读和写作为主，听、说不做统考要求。

考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的55%和45％。

试卷由七部分组成，包括：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。

现对试卷内容及结构分别说明如下：第一部分阅读判断该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达的概念或细节，推断隐含表达的内容，理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度；能够根据上下文推测生词意义，理解句间关系和语篇结构。

该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作说明等真实语料,根据语言难度作适当调整，对无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词,用汉语注明词义。

所选短文题材覆盖广泛，涉及叙述、说明、议论等不同体裁.该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文的基础上，对给出的10个句子所表达的信息作出判断，有的信息是正确的，有的是错误的，有的文中没有提到。

该部分共10小题。

每小题1分，共计10分.特别提示：与以往《英语（二）》的阅读理解设题形式相比，该题更注重文章中的细节。

与四六级06年改革后的新题型中快速阅读的最初形式类似（Yes，No, Not given).第二部分阅读选择该部分要求考生：理解文章主旨和要义；把握文章的基本结构；理解文中说明要点的事实和细节；作出简单推理和判断；根据上下文推断生词的释义;领会作者的意图、观点和态度.该部分选用1篇长度350词左右的短文，题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等热点话题，文中会适当给出个别生词的中文释义。