朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》笔记和考研真题详解(英国媒体)【圣才出品】

第5章英国经济Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. The service industry is also called _____.A. subsidiary industryB. light industryC. secondary industryD. tertiary industry【答案】D【解析】服务业也称第三产业，指不生产物质产品的行业，或者说是指除第一、二产业以外的其他行业。

2. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?A. Beef battleB. Dairy cattleC. ChickenD. Sheep【答案】D【解析】2000年，英国羊的数量达到4226万只，为英国数量最多的家畜。

3. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?A. In the southeast of England.B. In the northeast of England.C. In the southeast of Scotland.D. In the northeast of Scotland.【答案】A【解析】英国东南部是西欧平原的一部分，最适合发展农业，选A。

4. Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector?A. Shell.B. ICI.C. RTZ.D. British Gas.【答案】B【解析】ICI是英国帝国化学工业集团的简称，是闻名的纯碱与肥料的制造厂商，不属于能源公司，故选B。

A项为英荷皇家壳牌集团，是全球领先的国际油气集团。

C项为英国里奥廷托锌公司。

D项是英国天然气集团。

5. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War?A. Imperial AirwayB. British AirwaysC. Hawker-Siddeley AviationD. the British Aircraft Corporation【答案】A【解析】A项帝国航空是B项英国航空的前身，于1924年成立。

第6章英国文学Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. In which of the following periods of the English language did William Shakespeare write?（首都师范大学2009研）A. Old English.B. Middle English.C. Late Middle English.D. Modern English.【答案】D【解析】威廉·莎士比亚（1564—1616），英国文艺复兴时期著名诗人、剧作家；古英语（Old English），从450年盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵到1066年诺曼征服时期的英语；中古英语（Middle English），从1066年到1476年英国开始采用印刷机时期的英语；现代英语（Modern English），从1476年至今的英语。

2. Shakespeare lived in the period of _____.（中山大学2008研）A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian ageC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial Revolution【答案】C【解析】伊丽莎白一世统治时期（1558—1603），英国文学，特别是戏剧繁荣发展，达到高峰，涌现出了一大批杰出的文学大师，比如莎士比亚（1564—1616）。

3. Which of the following is not true?（北京交大2006研）A. Beowulf is a hero who helps a Danish king kill a sea monster.B. Beowulf later becomes a king of his own land, Sweden.C. Beowulf stands for Christian virtues.D. Beowulf is said to be descended from Cain, the oldest son of Adam and Eve. 【答案】D【解析】《贝奥武甫》，古代史诗，标志着英国文学的开始；故事含意深刻，主人公代表着基督教的美德。

朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》笔记和考研真题详解（加拿⼤的国际关系）【圣才出品】第22章加拿⼤的国际关系22.1 复习笔记I. Introduction1. Canada’s role in the world2. Canada as a “junior partner”3. Canada as a “middle power”II. Political Geography1. Geographical Influence2. Canada’s role in international Organizations III. From Junior Partner to Middle Power1. Canada in “the vortex of European militarism”2. Conscription Crisis3. Canada’s golden age of international diplomacy IV. Canada’s Military Commitments1. Involuntary Military Guarantee2. Independent foreign policy3. “Free rider”V. Canadian-American Relations1. Close in relationship2. Defense Policy3. Economic interests4. DifferencesVI. Overseas Development Programs1. Attitude towards the Third World2. Peace and security promotionI. Introduction（简介）1.Canada’s role in the world（加拿⼤在世界中的⾓⾊）(1)Canada “invented” the concept of United Nations peace-keeping.(2)Canada convinced the international community to put pressure on South Africa’s apartheid policies.(3)In more recent years, partly through Canadian diplomatic efforts, things like women’s issues and the environment have been put on the international agenda.(4)Canada is a member of the powerful Group of Eight.①提出了联合国维和的概念。

第7章英国教育体系Ⅰ.Multiple choice.1.Under the old selective system English children who have high marks in the “eleven plus”examination go on to_____.（北京交大2003研）A.public schoolsB.technical schoolsC.grammar schoolsD.secondary modern schools【答案】C【解析】在英国，初级学校学生在最后一学年要参加十一岁儿童升学考试；其中成绩最好的进入文法学校。

2.Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?（北京交大2006研）cation is chaotic.cation is very expensive.cation is highly centralized.cation is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.【答案】D【解析】英国教育具有自由化的特点，集中体现在实行学校的地方管理措施。

选项D正确。

3.Which of the following statements can not be used to describe universities in Britain?A.All universities are private institutions.B.All students have got high marks in“A”Level.C.They have their own governing councilsD.They now derive nearly all of their funds from state grants.【答案】A【解析】白金汉大学（The University of Buckingham）是全英唯一一所私立独立大学，故答案应该选B。

第3章英国政府3.1 复习笔记I. Monarchy in history1. Origin2. Divine right of the King3. One short ousted period4. Magna CartaII. The history of Parliament1. Origin2. History3. Acquisition of powerIII. The birth of the Prime Minister and Cabinet1. Birth of Cabinet2. Birth of Prime MinisterIV. The British government and Constitution1. Government system2. The ConstitutionV. Parliament Today1. Functions2. Status3. InstitutionsI. Monarchy in history（历史上的皇室）1. Origin（起源）(1) It dates back to the Saxons who ruled from the 5th century AD until the NormanConquest in 1066.(2) King Albert united the England under his rule in 829.(1) 皇室起源于公元五世纪至1066年诺曼征服前统治英格兰的撒克逊人。

(2) 国王阿伯特在829年统一了英格兰岛。

2. Divine right of the King（君权神授）(1) It held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.(2) This ancient doctrine was where the power of the Monarchy largely derivedfrom.(1) “君权神授”指国王的权利是上帝赐予的，而不是来源于国王的支持者。

英国社会文化考研朱永涛《英语国家社会文化入门》复习笔记一、（英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚）英国第1章英国简介（1）1.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Name and constituents1. Full name2. ConstituentsⅡ. Effects of its imperial past1. Establishment of the Commonwealth of Nations2. Its role as a European nation3. Economic influence4. A multiracial nationⅢ. Differences in society1. Race difference2. Class difference3. Region differenceⅣ. Introduction to England1. Physical features2. History of invasionsⅤ. Introduction to Scotland1. Physical features2. History3. Retaining strong Scottish identityⅥ. Introduction to Wales1. Physical features2. A history features campaigns for independence from UKI. Name and constituents（全称和组成）1. Full name（全称）The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. Constituents（组成部分）(1)The island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales(2)Northern Ireland(1)大不列颠岛：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士(2)北爱尔兰Ⅱ. Effects of its imperial past（殖民时期的影响）1. Establishment of the Commonwealth of Nations（促成英联邦的成立）The Commonwealth of Nations is a loose and voluntary organization with members mainly being former colonies of the British Empire.英联邦是一个以自愿加入为基础的组织，成员国多为前大英帝国殖民地。

美国第3章美国的起始3.1 复习笔记I. What is an American?1. A new race2. Current situationII. Two immigration movements1. From Asia2. From Europe and AfricaIII. The Forces that led to the modern development of Europe (Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries)1. The growth of capitalism2. The Renaissance3. The Religious ReformationIV. The colonial Patterns1. The settlement in Virginia2. Puritanism3. Catholic Maryland4. Quaker PennsylvaniaV. The American Revolution (The War of Independence)1. The causes2. The eve3. The process4. The major leaders (The Founding Fathers)5. The significanceI. What is an American? （美国民族性）1. A new race（新的民族）(1)In 1782, the French farmer J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, who settled in Pennsylvania, first asked this question in Letters from An American Farmer. (2)He thought the American was a new man who had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants, and who left behind him his ancient prejudices and manners and received new ones. Individuals were melted into a new race who acted upon new principles, entertained new ideas and form new opinions. The idea that America is a melting pot originated from his words.(1)赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫克尔于1782年著成《美国农人简史》，首次提出了美国民族性这一问题。

第7章英国教育体系I. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. _____【答案】T【解析】英国教育的一个目的是，教授“3R”，即阅读、写作和算术三种基础科目，为学生积极参与社会提供所需的基本知识和基本技能。

教育的另一个目的是教授学生一些成为好公民所应具备的道理规范和价值观，以便能走上社会，为发达的工业化国家的经济繁荣作贡献。

2. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught. _____【答案】F【解析】英国的教育体制其实对儿童接受教育的时间、方式、地点和内容都有规定，家长们自己有选择权，学校中也主要是校长进行管理。

但政府并非完全不干涉儿童的教育。

3. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools. _____【答案】F【解析】英国教育中一个长期以来的特点是教育的不平等性。

虽然英国社会中中产阶级和工人阶级的比例基本上是一比一，但是接受教育的机会却相差很远。

公立学校和私立学校的区别，好的大学和次要大学的区别，都体现了不平等。

英国的教育体制中设有文法学校、综合学校和职业学校等。

对于课堂上教育的内容有比较清晰的界定，在这方面英国国内已形成比较统一的观念。

第9章英国媒体Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. Which of the following is the most famous of all British newspapers?（北二外2006研）A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. Daily TelegraphD. Daily Mirror【答案】A【解析】The Times《泰晤士报》是英国第一主流大报，是该国最具影响力的报纸。

The Guardian《卫报》。

Daily T elegraph《每日电讯报》，因其时效性而得名。

Daily Mirror《每日镜报》。

2. Which of the following is a tabloid?（北二外2006研）A. New StatesmanB. The SunC. Sunday TimesD. Morning Star【答案】B【解析】The Sun《太阳报》是一家通俗小报，是全英国销量最高的报纸。

New Statesman《新政治家》是一家英国时政周刊。

Sunday Times《星期日泰晤士报》、Morning Star《晨星报》是英国共产党的机关报。

3. Which of the following newspaper is a tabloid?（北二外2008研）A. The TelegraphB. East EndersC. The News of the WorldD. None of the above【答案】C【解析】tabloid通俗小报。

The News of the World是一家英国小报。

The Telegraph《每日电讯报》，它是英国四家全国性“高级”日报中销量最大的一家。

4. Which of the following statements about the BBC is not true?（北京交大2003研）A. The BBC puts out both radio broadcasting services and TV programs.B. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs.C. The BBC is financed by private funds.D. The BBC World Service broadcasts international news worldwide, using more than 30 languages.【答案】C【解析】BBC英国广播公司除了经营广播节目之外，还经营电视节目；所有节目中都不插播任何广告；资金来自用户的接收费；以40多种语言做全球广播。

朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》笔记和考研真题详解-上册-第3章英国政府【圣才出品】第3章英国政府3.1 复习笔记I. Monarchy in history1. Origin2. Divine right of the King3. One short ousted period4. Magna CartaII. The history of Parliament1. Origin2. History3. Acquisition of powerIII. The birth of the Prime Minister and Cabinet1. Birth of Cabinet2. Birth of Prime MinisterIV. The British government and Constitution1. Government system2. The ConstitutionV. Parliament Today1. Functions2. Status3. InstitutionsI. Monarchy in history（历史上的皇室）1. Origin（起源）(1) It dates back to the Saxons who ruled from the 5th century AD until the NormanConquest in 1066.(2) King Albert united the England under his rule in 829.(1) 皇室起源于公元五世纪⾄1066年诺曼征服前统治英格兰的撒克逊⼈。

(2) 国王阿伯特在829年统⼀了英格兰岛。

2. Divine right of the King（君权神授）(1) It held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.(2) This ancient doctrine was where the power of the Monarchy largely derivedfrom.(1) “君权神授”指国王的权利是上帝赐予的，⽽不是来源于国王的⽀持者。