HVAC 专业术语

1 编制目的为了在工程设计文件中正确使用英文缩写词和理解英文词表达的函义，特编制本文件。

2 适用范围英文缩写词可以在英文注释的专业图纸和设计文件中使用。

中文注释的图纸和文件除特殊情况外一般不采用。

3 注意事项3.1 在绘制工程设计图纸时，英文缩写词一律采用大写字母。

3.2 编制设计标准和设计文件时，除国家、机关、学会、工程单位等名称需采用大写字母的缩写词外，其余均应优先采用小写字母的缩写词，没有小写字母的缩写词时，再采用大写字母的缩写词。

顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义A1 a absorption吸收（作用）2 A ① ammeter安培计、电流计② ampere安培③ assembly装配，组合，成套设备，机组，部件3 AAC acoustical-absorption coefficient吸音系数4 AACC American Automatic Control Council美国自动控制委员会5 A.A.F American Air-Filter Co.F—A14-96第 2 页共 60 页美国空气过滤器公司6 AB anchor bolt地脚螺栓7 ABA1 American Boiler & AffiliatedIndustries美国锅炉和附属设备制造厂商协会8 abb abbreviation缩写,简体9 abr abridgement简介、简述10 abs ① absolute绝对的② absorption吸收顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义11 A.B.S American Bureau of Standards美国标准局12 ABS.H absolute humidity绝对湿度13 ABS.T absolute temperature绝对温度14 a.c absorption coefficient吸收系数15 AC ① air condenser空气冷凝器② air cooling空气冷却③ alternating current交流电F-A14-96第 3 页共 60 页16 A/C ① air condition (-ing,-ed,-er)空调（机）② air compressor空气压缩机17 acc accessories附件，零件，附属设备18 ACR automatic controller自动控制器19 ACS automatic control system自动控制系统20 act.std actual standard现行标准21 ACU air-conditioning unit空调机组顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义22 AD ① air duct风道② anemostatic diffuser恒速式散流器23 adj.sp adjustable speed可调速度24 ADP apparatus dew point机器露点25 AESC American Engineering StandardsCommittee美国工程标准委员会26 AEV automatic expansion valve自动膨胀阀27 AF air filterF—A14-96第 4 页共 60 页空气过滤器28 AG asbestos gasket石棉垫片29 AGA American Gas Association美国煤气协会30 AGC automatic gauge controller自动测量控制器31 AHU air-handling unit组合式空调机，空气处理机组32 AIR CHG air change(s)换气量，换气次数33 ALM alarm警报器，信号装置，警报顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义34 alt altitude高度，标高35 amb.temp ambient temperature周围温度，室温，环境温度36 AN air natural(cooled)自然通风（冷却）的37 A.N.S.I American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会38 AO air outlet送风口39 A.P American Patent美国专利40 APCA Air Pollution Control Association美国空气污染控制协会41 APHA American Public Health Association美国公共卫生协会F-A14-96第 5 页共 60 页42 appx appendix附录、补遗43 APS accessory power supply辅助电源44 ARI Air conditioning and RefrigerationInstitute空调制冷研究所（美）45 AS ① air speed风速② American Standard美国标准顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义46 A.B.C American Standard Association美国标准协会47 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers美国土木工程师学会48 ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigerating and AirConditioningEngineers美国供热制冷和空调工程师协会49 ASHVE American Society of Heating andVentilation Engineers美国供暖通风工程师学会（ASHRAE的前身）50 at ① air tight不透气，气密的② atmosphere大气，大气压51 ATS absolute temperature scale绝对温标52 AUTO automaticF—A14-96第 6 页共 60 页自动的53 AUX auxiliary辅助的，附件，辅助装置54 AV angle valve角阀55 av;avg average平均，平均的56 AVD automatic vent damper自动风阀顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义57 a.w.p actual working pressure实际工作压力58 AWT average water temperature平均水温B59 B bolt螺栓60 BAR barometer气压计，气压表61 BAS British Association Standard英国协会标准62 b.c between centers中心间距，轴间63 BESA British Engineering StandardAssociation英国工程标准协会64 BF ① boiler feed锅炉给水② bypass factor旁路系数F-A14-96第 7 页共 60 页65 BFP boiler-feed pump锅炉给水泵66 BHN Brinell hardness number布氏硬度数67 BHP brake horsepower制动马力，轴功率68 B.I black iron黑铁（皮）顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义69 bibl bibliography书目，文献目录70 BL ① base line基线② base load基本负荷③ boundary line边界线④ battery limits界区71 BLD blind盲板，档板72 BLDG building建筑物73 BLK blank空白，盲板74 BLR boiler锅炉75 B.O.D bottom of duct风道底（标高）F—A14-96第 8 页共 60 页76 BOM bill of material材料表，材料单77 B.O.P bottom of pipe管底（标高）78 B.P ① base plate底板，底座② back pressure背压顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义③ barometric pressure表压力，大气压④ boiler pressure锅炉压力⑤ boiling point沸点⑥ bypass旁路，旁通管⑦ British Patent英国专利79 br branch支线（管）80 BRA British Refrigeration Association英国制冷协会81 BRACA British Refrigeration and AirConditioning Association英国制冷空调协会82 BRKT bracket托架，支架F-A14-96第 9 页共 60 页83 BS ① British Atandard英国标准② Bureau of Standard标准局（美）84 BSD Building System Design美国《建筑系统设计》期刊85 BSI ① British Standards Institution英国标准协会顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义②Building Societies’ Institute建筑学会联合会86 bsmt basement地下室87 BSP British standard pipe英国标准管88 BSS British Standard Specification英国标准规范89 BTUH British thermal units per hour英热单位每小时90 BU bushing内外螺纹接头91 BV ① ball valve球阀② butterfly valve蝶阀92 BW butt weld对焊，对缝焊接CF—A14-96第 10 页共 60 页93 C ① centre中心② circuit电路，回路③ close闭合的，关闭，接通④ constant常数顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义⑤ cycle循环，周期94 CA ① cooled in air风冷的② cold air冷空气，冷风③ compressed air压缩空气95 CAD computer-aided design计算机辅助设计96 cap capacity容量，生产能力97 CAS cast steel铸钢98 cat catalog目录，条目，总目，样本99 CB ① control board控制盘，操纵盘F-A14-96第 11 页共 60 页② control button控制按钮③ catch basin集水井，滤污器100 CC cooling cail冷却盘管101 C/C center-to-center中心距102 CCR critical compression ratio临界压缩比顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义103 CD ceiling diffuser吊顶散流器104 CE ① chief engineer总工程师② civil engineering土木工程105 CEM cement lined水泥衬里，水泥抹面106 CENT centrifugal离心（式）的107 CEP condensate extraction pump凝结水排水泵108 cert certificate证明书，合格证109 CF contact factor接触系数110 CFM cubic feet per minute立方英尺每分F—A14-96第 12 页共 60 页111 CFS cubic feet per second立方英尺每秒112 CG ceiling grille吊顶风口113 CH chimney烟道114 ch chapter章115 CHAN channel槽钢，通道顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义116 chem chemical化学的117 CHWP chilled water pump冷冻水泵118 CHWR chilled water return冷冻回水119 CHWS chilled water supply冷冻供水120 C.I cast iron铸铁121 circ.pump circulating pump循环水泵122 CIR.WF circulating water flow循环供水123 CIR.WR circulating water return循环回水124 CL ① center line中心线，轴线② classF-A14-96第 13 页共 60 页类别，级别125 CLG ceiling吊顶，天花板126 CM colour mark色标127 CN construction north建北128 CO ceiling outlet吊顶送风口顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义129 Co. company公司130 coeff coefficient系数，率131 col column柱，纵行，栏，项目132 COMPR compressor压缩机133 conc concentration浓度134 CONC.DT concrete duct水泥风道135 cond ① condenser冷凝器，电容器② conductivity传导系数③ condens(e)(-ing,-ed,-er)冷凝（器）136 COND.WR vondenser water returnF—A14-96第 14 页共 60 页冷凝器回水137 COND.WS condenser water supply冷凝器供水138 CONT.V control valve调节阀，控制阀139 Conv convector对流器140 COP ① coefficient of performance（制冷）工作系数，性能系数顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义② center of pipe管中心141 corr correction修正，校正，改正142 CP ① calorific power发热量，热值② Canadion Patent加拿大专利③ check point检测点④ constant pressure恒压，等压143 CPLG coupling联轴节，连接，管箍144 cpm cycles per minute周每分145 c.r. continuous rating连续（额定）功率F-A14-96第 15 页共 60 页146 CPG ceiling return grille吊顶回风口147 cr.s. cross section横截面148 CS carbon steel碳钢149 CT cooling tower冷却塔150 CTR cooling tower retun冷却塔回水顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义151 CTS cooling tower supply冷却塔供水152 cu. cubic立方的，三次的153 CU.FT cubic feet立方英尺154 CV ① calorific value热值，发热量② check valve止回阀，逆止阀③ constant volume定风量，定容155 CW ① cold water冷水② cooling water冷却水③ continuous weldingF—A14-96第 16 页共 60 页连续焊156 CWP cooling water pump冷却水泵157 CWR cooling water return冷却回水158 CWS cooling water supply冷却供水D159 D ① degree度，程度顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义② density密度③ diameter直径④ drop降落，温度降，压力降160 DB.A decibels of sound on an A-scale在A音阶上的分贝音量161 DBT dry bulb temperature干球温度162 DC direct current直流电163 DD dual duct双风管164 def. definition定义165 deg.cent. degree centigrade摄氏度F-A14-96第 17 页共 60 页166 deg.F degree fanrenheit华氏度167 deg.K. degree Kelvin开氏度168 DET detail零年，详图169 diag diagram图表，图解，曲线图，示意图170 DIN Deutsche Industrie Norman德国工业标准顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义171 disch discharge排出，流出172 dist distribution分布，分配173 d.l.a. dust lade air含尘空气174 DN ① down下② nominal diameter公称直径175 DP ① dew point露点② differantial pressure压差，压降③ design pressure设计压力④ drain pipeF—A14-96第 18 页共 60 页排水管176 DPA days per annum每年日数177 DPT ① dew point temperature露点温度② dew point thermostat露点温控器178 dr. drain泄水，排水179 DS duct shaft竖向结构风道顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义180 DSS The Society of Domestic and SanitaryEngineering Standard美国卫生工程协会标准181 DWG drawing图纸，制图182 DWG.NO drawing number图号183 DX.C direct expansion coil直接膨胀管E184 E east东185 EA exhaust air排风186 EAC electrostatic air cleaner静电滤尘器187 EBP exhaust back pressure排汽背压F-A14-96第 19 页共 60 页188 ECS environmental control system环境控制系统189 ED ① edition版本，版次② exhaust duct排风管190 EDP engineering design plan工程设计方案191 EF exhaust fan排风机顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义192 eff efficiency效率193 EG exhaust air grille排风口194 EH exhaust hood排风罩195 EHP elcctric horsepower电功率196 EI ① exhaust inlet排风入口② Engineering Index工程技术文献索引（美）197 EJ expansion joint伸缩器，伸缩缝，补偿器198 EL ① exhaust loss排出损失② expansion lineF—A14-96第 20 页共 60 页膨胀管199 ELB elbow弯头200 elev elevation标高，海拔，正视图201 EM engineering manual工程手册202 emg emergency事故，紧急情况203 ENCL enclosure, enclosed外壳，套，界限，封闭式的顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义204 ENGR engineering工程，设计205 EP ① explosion proof防爆② English Patent英国专利206 EPA Environmental Protection Agency环境保护局（美）207 EPR evaporator pressure regulator蒸发器压力调节器208 ERT electric resistance thermometer电阻温度计209 ESHF effective sensible heat factor有效显热系数210 est estimate估计，预算，概算211 ESV emergency stop valve紧急切断阀F-A14-96第 21 页共 60 页212 ET expansion tank膨胀水箱213 ETR evaporator temperature regulator蒸发器温度调节器214 EV ① elevator电梯② expansion valve膨胀阀215 EVAP evaporat(e)(-ing,-ed,-or)蒸发（器）顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义216 exh exhaust排气217 EXIST existing现行的，现有的218 exp expansion膨胀，增大219 ext ① extension伸长，发展，附加物② external外部的，表面的F220 F filter过滤器221 FA fresh air新鲜空气，新风222 FAI fresh air inlet通风孔，新风入口223 FC ① fire controlF—A14-96第 22 页共 60 页消防② fan coil unit风机盘管224 f.d forced draft强制通风，送风225 FD ① fire damper防火阀② floor drain地漏顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义226 FDF forced-draft-fan送风机227 FDN foundation基础228 FDW feed water供水229 F/F field faricated现场制造230 FG flue gas烟气231 FH fire hydrant消火栓232 fig figure图，插图233 FIN finish完成，成品，加工234 FL ① floor层，地板② full loadF-A14-96第 23 页共 60 页全负荷，满载235 flg flange法兰，凸缘236 FOB free on board离岸价（船上交货）237 FOR fuel oil return回（燃料）油管238 FOS fuel oil supply供（燃料）油管顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义239 FP fire proof防火，耐火的240 FRP fiber reinforced plastic玻璃钢241 FRT freight运费，货运242 FS forged steel锻钢243 FTG ① fitting配件，管件，装配，组装② footing基础脚，底座脚244 FVD fire volume damper防火调节阀245 FW ① field weld现场焊接② fresh water新鲜水，淡水GF—A14-96第 24 页共 60 页246 g gas气体，煤气247 g.a.d general assembly drawing总装配图248 G.B Great Britain大不列颠，英国249 GEN generator发电机，发生器顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义250 GHC greenhouse controller温室控制器251 GHR gross heat rate总热耗252 G.I galvanized iron镀锌薄钢板，白铁皮253 gl glass玻璃，镜254 GLV globe valve截止阀255 gor governor调节器，调速器256 gp gauge pressure表压257 G.P German Patent德国专利258 gr grade级，度，坡度259 grad gradient梯度260 GRD ground地坪F-A14-96第 25 页共 60 页261 GRTG grating棚，格栅262 GSHF grand sensible heat factor总显热系数263 GSKT gasket垫片，密封垫顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义264 GTH grand total heat总热量265 GV gate valve闸阀266 GW gross weight总重，毛重H267 H ① hardness硬度，硬性② head高差，压头③ heat热量，加热，热④ heater加热器⑤ height高度⑥ humidity湿度⑦ humidistat恒湿器，湿度调节器F—A14-96第 26 页共 60 页268 HA hot air热风269 HC ① heating coil加热盘管② hand control手（动）控制顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义③ hose connection软管连接，软管接头270 hdbk handbook手册271 HDR header集气管，联管箱，顶盖，端板272 HE high efficiency高效273 HH handhole手孔274 HMF humidifier加湿器275 hor horizontal水平的，卧式的276 HP ① horse power马力，功率② high pressure高压277 HPAC Heating Piping & Air Conditioning美国《供热、配管、空气调节》期刊278 HR heat rate热耗率F-A14-96第 27 页共 60 页279 HRA heating,refrigerating and air-conditioning供暖制冷和空气调节280 HRD half round diffuser半圆散流器顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义281 HSD high speed duct高速风管282 h/S diagram Enthalpy/Entropy diagram焓熵图，h-S图283 H.T.C heat transfer coefficient传热系数284 HTW high temperature water高温热水285 HV ① heating and ventilation供暖通风② heating value热值286 HVAC heating ventilation,air conditioning供暖通风空气调节287 HVE heating and ventilating engineer暖通工程师288 HW hot water热水289 HWP hot water pump热水泵290 HWR hot water return热水回水管291 HWS hot water supply热水供水管F—A14-96第 28 页共 60 页292 HX heat exchanger换热器293 HYDT hydraulic testing水压试验顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义294 I input输入295 IAMAP International Association ofMeteorology and Atmospheric Physics国际气象和大气物理协会296 IBR Institute of Boiler and RadiatorManufacturers锅炉和散热器制造业协会297 ID ① induced draft引风② inside diameter内径298 IDF induced-draft-fan引风机299 IDHA International District HeatingAssociation国际区域供热协会300 IG inlet grille吸风口301 ih indirect heating间接加热302 i.hp indicated horsepower指示功率303 IHVE Institute of Heating and VentilatingEngineers英国暖通工程师学会F-A14-96第 29 页共 60 页顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义304 I.I.R International Institute of Refrigeration国际制冷学会305 IL intensity level声强级306 IME Institytion of Mecnical Engineers机械工程师学会（英）307 ind indicator指示器308 in.H2O inches of water英寸水柱309 ins insulated绝热的，绝缘的310 inst installation安装设备311 INSTR instruction说明书312 INTLK intotlock连锁装置313 INTMT intermittent间歇的314 IO inlet opening吸风口315 IPS iron pipe size铸铁管径316 ISA International StandardizationAssociation国际标准化协会顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义317 ISO International AtandardizationOrganizationF—A14-96第 30 页共 60 页国际标准化组织318 isoth isothermal等温的319 ISU international standard unit国际标准单位320 IT inlet temperature进口温度321 IU ① induction unit诱导器② international unit国际单位J322 J.E.S.A Japanese Engineering StandardAssociation日本工程标准协会323 JICST Japan Information Center of Science &Technology日本科技情报中心324 JIS Japan Industrial Standard日本工业标准325 jnt joint接头，接合326 JOB.NO job number项目号顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义K327 K heat transfer coefficient传热系数328 KB knee brace斜撑，角撑。

HVAC结构及功能介绍编制：王大健南京协众集团技术部目录第1章 HVAC介绍1.1术语1.2HVAC介绍第2章 HVAC总体设计2.1 加热功能2.2 制冷功能2.3 进气与吹风功能2.4 空气净化功能2.5 空气混合与分发功能2.6 运动机构第1章 HVAC介绍1.1术语HVAC：是英文Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning的缩写，即采暖、通风与空调。

指安装在仪表板下方具有采暖、通风及空气调节功能的单元，包含鼓风机总成、蒸发器芯体、暖风芯体、风门及其动作机构等重要部件。

1.2HVAC介绍设计一个HVAC就像搭积木一样，将进气单元、鼓风单元、空气净化单元、制热单元、制冷单元、气流分发单元按照一定的规则组合在一起图1随着汽车工业不断发展，如今HVAC的设计需要满足以下的要求：●更小的体积●产生更高的制冷、制热能力●更多的新功能●更轻的重量●当然，还有更低的成本选择或设计一款合适的HVAC是一项综合性很强的工作，最好的方法是综合当前所有的先进设计，以下是协众近几年开发的一些HVAC的例子。

BAIC C60F BAIC C70G BAIC C30DFOTON P201 CP2（7200） FOTON MIDI1012 ZT A01 A0（7109）如此众多的HVAC，如何选择或设计一款最符合自己的HVAC？我们需要综合以下几点来参考：●可靠性（是否采用标准设计，热力性能是否稳定，运动机构是否合理）●新颖性（是否为当前阶段比较新的设计）●高性能（较低的空气压降，高性能的热交换器，稳定的温度控制性能，理想的排水系统）●灵活性（模块化设计，能在不同车型可以同时应用）●经济性（采用标准零部件，适应容易简单的工艺，少量的投资，尽量借用现有资源，平台化）第2章 HVAC总体设计2.1 加热功能目前一般汽车用加热器是利用从发动机来的高温冷却水的热量与其周围空气进行热交换而达到制热效果，也有为了加大热量而增加电辅助加热器。

暖通专业词汇中英文对照air conditioning load空调负荷air distribution气流组织air handling unit 空气处理单元air shower 风淋室air wide pre.drop空气侧压降aluminum accessories in clean room 洁净室安装铝材brass stop valve 铜闸阀canvas connecting termingal 帆布接头centigrade scale 摄氏温度chiller accessories水冷机组配件chiller assembly水冷机组组装clean bench 净化工作台clean class 洁净度clean room 洁净室无尘室correction factor修正系数dry coil units 干盘管district cooling 区域供冷direct return system直接回水系统displacement ventilation置换通风drawing No.图号elevation立面图entering air temp进风温度entering water temp进水温度fahrenheit scale 华氏温度fan coil unit 风机盘管ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组flow velocity 流速fresh air supply 新风供给fresh air unit 新风处理机组ground source heat pump地源热泵gross weight 毛重heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节hepa high efficiency particulate air 高效过滤网high efficiency particulate air filters高效空气过滤器horizontal series type水平串联式hot water supply system生活热水系统humidity 湿度hydraulic calculation水力计算isometric drawing轴测图layout 设计图leaving air temp 出风温度leaving water temp出水温度lood vacuum pump中央集尘泵mau make up air hundling unit schedule 外气空调箱natural smoke exhausting自然排烟net weight 净重noise reduction消声nominal diameter 公称直径oil-burning boiler燃油锅炉one way stop peturn valve 单向止回阀operation energy consumption运行能耗pass box 传递箱particle sizing and counting method 计径计数法Piping accessaries 水系统辅材piping assembly 配管rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元ratio controller 比例调节器ratio flow control 流量比例控制ratio gear 变速轮ratio meter 比率计rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的rationale （基本）原理；原理的阐述rationality 有理性，合理性rationalization proposal 合理化建义ratio of compression 压缩比ratio of expansion 膨胀比ratio of run-off 径流系数ratio of slope 坡度ratio of specific heat 比热比raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的raw coal 原煤raw cotton 原棉raw crude producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气raw data 原始数据raw fuel stock 粗燃料油raw gas 未净化的气体real gas 实际气体realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线realm 区域，范围，领域real work 实际工作ream 铰孔，扩孔rear 后部，背面，后部的rear arch 后拱rear axle 后轴rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉rear pass 后烟道rearrange 调整；重新安排[布置]rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列[布置]reason 理由，原因；推理reasonable 合理的，适当的reassembly 重新装配reaumur 列氏温度计reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片recalibration 重新校准[刻度]recapture 重新利用，恢复recarbonation 再碳化作用recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池receiving tank 贮槽recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中receptacle 插座[孔]；容器reception of heat 吸热recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器recharge well 回灌井reciprocal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的reciprocal action 反复作用reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机reciprocal grate 往复炉排reciprocal motion 住复式动作reciprocal proportion 反比例reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机reciprocate 往复（运动），互换reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的reciprocating ( grate ) bar 往复式炉排片reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机recirculate 再循环recirculated 再循环的recirculated air 再循环空气[由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气] recirculated air by pass 循环空气旁路recircilated air intake 循环空气入口recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统recirculating 再循环的，回路的recirculating air duct 再循环风道recirculating fan 再循环风机recirculating line 再循环管路recirculating pump 再循环泵recirculation 再循环recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水recirculation ratio 再循环比recirculation water 再循环水reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置reclamation 回收，再生，再利用reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收recombination 再化[结]合，复合，恢复recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图recording apparatus 记录仪器recording barometer 自记气压计recording card 记录卡片recording facility 记录装置recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸recording pressure gauge 自记压力计recording water-gauge 自记水位计recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的recoverable heat 可回收的热量recoverable oil 可回收的油recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热recovery plant 回收装置recovery rate 回收率relief damper 泄压风门return air flame plate回风百叶Seat air supply座椅送风Shaft seal 轴封Shaft storage 搁架式贮藏Shake 摇动，抖动Shakedown run 试车，调动启动，试运转Shake-out 摇动，抖动Shakeproof 防振的，抗振的Shaker 振动器Shaking 摇[摆，振]动Shaking grate 振动炉排Shaking screen 振动筛Shallow 浅层，浅的，表面的Shank 柄，杆，柱体，轴Shape 造[成]型，形状[态]模型。

HVAC系统的分类
课程主要类容：
一、HVAC系统的定义
二、HVAC系统的分类
三、研究HVAC系统的意义
一、HVAC系统的定义：
什么是HVAC系统？
HVAC是Heating,Ventilation and Air Conditioning的英文缩写，就是供热通风与空气调节。

二、HVAC系统的分类：
HVAC系统的分类有哪些？
1、HVAC系统按系统的分布关系，可分为分散式与集中式。

2、HVAC系统按是否同时提供冷水和热水管路，可分为两管制与四管制（三管制）。

3、HVAC系统按水系统是否连通，分为直连系统与间连系统。

4、HVAC系统按是否同时提供热风和冷风，可分为单风道系统与双风道系统。

5、HVAC系统按所送空气是否与从房间排出的空气混合，可分为直流系统与回风系统。

6、HVAC系统按所送空气或水的流量是否不断调节，分为定风量系统与变风量系统或定水量系统与变水量系统。

三、研究HVAC系统的意义：
研究HVAC系统的意义是什么呢？
HVAC是Heating,Ventilation and Air Conditioning 的英文缩写，就是供热通风与空气调节。

既代表上述内容的学科和技术，也代表上述学科和技术所涉及到的行业和产业。

HVAC又指一门应用
学科，它在世界建筑设计和工程以及制造业有广泛的影响，各国都有HVAC协会，中国建筑学会暖通分会即中国的官方代表机构。

传热学、流体力学是其基本理论基础，它的研究和发展方向是为人类提供更加舒适的工作和生活环境。

HVAC结构及功能介绍编制：王大健南京协众集团技术部目录第1章 HVAC介绍1.1术语1.2HVAC介绍第2章 HVAC总体设计2.1 加热功能2.2 制冷功能2.3 进气与吹风功能2.4 空气净化功能2.5 空气混合与分发功能2.6 运动机构第1章 HVAC介绍1.1术语HVAC：是英文Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning的缩写，即采暖、通风与空调。

指安装在仪表板下方具有采暖、通风及空气调节功能的单元，包含鼓风机总成、蒸发器芯体、暖风芯体、风门及其动作机构等重要部件。

1.2HVAC介绍设计一个HVAC就像搭积木一样，将进气单元、鼓风单元、空气净化单元、制热单元、制冷单元、气流分发单元按照一定的规则组合在一起图1随着汽车工业不断发展，如今HVAC的设计需要满足以下的要求：●更小的体积●产生更高的制冷、制热能力●更多的新功能●更轻的重量●当然，还有更低的成本选择或设计一款合适的HVAC是一项综合性很强的工作，最好的方法是综合当前所有的先进设计，以下是协众近几年开发的一些HVAC的例子。

BAIC C60F BAIC C70G BAIC C30DFOTON P201 CP2（7200） FOTON MIDI1012 ZT A01 A0（7109）如此众多的HVAC，如何选择或设计一款最符合自己的HVAC？我们需要综合以下几点来参考：●可靠性（是否采用标准设计，热力性能是否稳定，运动机构是否合理）●新颖性（是否为当前阶段比较新的设计）●高性能（较低的空气压降，高性能的热交换器，稳定的温度控制性能，理想的排水系统）●灵活性（模块化设计，能在不同车型可以同时应用）●经济性（采用标准零部件，适应容易简单的工艺，少量的投资，尽量借用现有资源，平台化）第2章 HVAC总体设计2.1 加热功能目前一般汽车用加热器是利用从发动机来的高温冷却水的热量与其周围空气进行热交换而达到制热效果，也有为了加大热量而增加电辅助加热器。

HVAC专业词汇HVAC专业词汇中英文对照中英文, HVAC, 词汇, 专业暖通专业词汇中英文对照air conditioning load空调负荷air distribution气流组织air handling unit 空气处理单元air shower 风淋室air wide pre.drop空气侧压降aluminum accessories in clean room 洁净室安装铝材brass stop valve 铜闸阀canvas connecting termingal 帆布接头centigrade scale 摄氏温度chiller accessories水冷机组配件chiller assembly水冷机组组装clean bench 净化工作台clean class 洁净度clean room 洁净室无尘室correction factor修正系数dry coil units 干盘管district cooling 区域供冷direct return system直接回水系统displacement ventilation置换通风drawing No.图号elevation立面图entering air temp进风温度entering water temp进水温度fahrenheit scale 华氏温度fan coil unit 风机盘管ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组flow velocity 流速fresh air supply 新风供给fresh air unit 新风处理机组ground source heat pump地源热泵gross weight 毛重heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节hepa high efficiency particulate air 高效过滤网high efficiency particulate air filters高效空气过滤器horizontal series type水平串联式hot water supply system生活热水系统humidity 湿度hydraulic calculation水力计算isometric drawing轴测图layout 设计图leaving air temp 出风温度leaving water temp出水温度lood vacuum pump中央集尘泵mau make up air hundling unit schedule 外气空调箱natural smoke exhausting自然排烟net weight 净重noise reduction消声nominal diameter 公称直径oil-burning boiler燃油锅炉one way stop peturn valve 单向止回阀operation energy consumption运行能耗pass box 传递箱particle sizing and counting method 计径计数法Piping accessaries 水系统辅材piping assembly 配管rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元ratio controller 比例调节器ratio flow control 流量比例控制ratio gear 变速轮 ratio meter 比率计rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的rationale （基本）原理；原理的阐述rationality 有理性，合理性rationalization proposal 合理化建义ratio of compression 压缩比ratio of expansion 膨胀比ratio of run-off 径流系数ratio of slope 坡度ratio of specific heat 比热比raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的raw coal 原煤 raw cotton 原棉raw crude producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气raw data 原始数据raw fuel stock 粗燃料油raw gas 未净化的气体real gas 实际气体realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线realm 区域，范围，领域real work 实际工作ream 铰孔，扩孔rear 后部，背面，后部的rear arch 后拱rear axle 后轴rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉rear pass 后烟道rearrange 调整；重新安排[布置]rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列[布置] reason 理由，原因；推理reasonable 合理的，适当的reassembly 重新装配reaumur 列氏温度计reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片recalibration 重新校准[刻度]recapture 重新利用，恢复recarbonation 再碳化作用recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池receiving tank 贮槽recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中receptacle 插座[孔]；容器reception of heat 吸热recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器recharge well 回灌井reciprocal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的reciprocal action 反复作用reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机reciprocal grate 往复炉排reciprocal motion 住复式动作reciprocal proportion 反比例reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机reciprocate 往复（运动），互换reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的reciprocating ( grate ) bar 往复式炉排片reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机recirculate 再循环recirculated 再循环的recirculated air 再循环空气[由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气]recirculated air by pass 循环空气旁路recircilated air intake 循环空气入口recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统recirculating 再循环的，回路的recirculating air duct 再循环风道recirculating fan 再循环风机recirculating line 再循环管路recirculating pump 再循环泵recirculation 再循环recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水recirculation ratio 再循环比recirculation water 再循环水reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置reclamation 回收，再生，再利用reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收recombination 再化[结]合，复合，恢复recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图recording apparatus 记录仪器recording barometer 自记气压计recording card 记录卡片recording facility 记录装置recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸recording pressure gauge 自记压力计recording water-gauge 自记水位计recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的recoverable heat 可回收的热量recoverable oil 可回收的油recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热recovery plant 回收装置recovery rate 回收率relief damper 泄压风门return air flame plate回风百叶Seat air supply座椅送风Shaft seal 轴封Shaft storage 搁架式贮藏Shake 摇动，抖动Shakedown run 试车，调动启动，试运转Shake-out 摇动，抖动Shakeproof 防振的，抗振的Shaker 振动器Shaking 摇[摆，振]动Shaking grate 振动炉排Shaking screen 振动筛Shallow 浅层，浅的，表面的Shank 柄，杆，柱体，轴Shape 造[成]型，形状[态]模型。

暖通专业词汇中英文对照air conditioning load空调负荷air distribution气流组织air handling unit 空气处理单元air shower 风淋室air wide pre.drop空气侧压降aluminum accessories in clean room 洁净室安装铝材brass stop valve 铜闸阀canvas connecting termingal 帆布接头centigrade scale 摄氏温度chiller accessories水冷机组配件chiller assembly水冷机组组装clean bench 净化工作台clean class 洁净度clean room 洁净室无尘室correction factor修正系数dry coil units 干盘管district cooling 区域供冷direct return system直接回水系统displacement ventilation置换通风drawing No.图号elevation立面图entering air temp进风温度entering water temp进水温度fahrenheit scale 华氏温度fan coil unit 风机盘管ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组flow velocity 流速fresh air supply 新风供给fresh air unit 新风处理机组ground source heat pump地源热泵gross weight 毛重heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节hepa high efficiency particulate air 高效过滤网high efficiency particulate air filters高效空气过滤器horizontal series type水平串联式hot water supply system生活热水系统humidity 湿度hydraulic calculation水力计算isometric drawing轴测图layout 设计图leaving air temp 出风温度leaving water temp出水温度lood vacuum pump中央集尘泵mau make up air hundling unit schedule 外气空调箱natural smoke exhausting自然排烟net weight 净重noise reduction消声nominal diameter 公称直径oil-burning boiler燃油锅炉one way stop peturn valve 单向止回阀operation energy consumption运行能耗pass box 传递箱particle sizing and counting method 计径计数法Piping accessaries 水系统辅材piping assembly 配管rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元ratio controller 比例调节器ratio flow control 流量比例控制ratio gear 变速轮ratio meter 比率计rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的rationale （基本）原理；原理的阐述rationality 有理性，合理性rationalization proposal 合理化建义ratio of compression 压缩比ratio of expansion 膨胀比ratio of run-off 径流系数ratio of slope 坡度ratio of specific heat 比热比raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的raw coal 原煤raw cotton 原棉raw crude producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气raw data 原始数据raw fuel stock 粗燃料油raw gas 未净化的气体real gas 实际气体realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线realm 区域，范围，领域real work 实际工作ream 铰孔，扩孔rear 后部，背面，后部的rear arch 后拱rear axle 后轴rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉rear pass 后烟道rearrange 调整；重新安排[布置]rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列[布置]reason 理由，原因；推理reasonable 合理的，适当的reassembly 重新装配reaumur 列氏温度计reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片recalibration 重新校准[刻度]recapture 重新利用，恢复recarbonation 再碳化作用recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池receiving tank 贮槽recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中receptacle 插座[孔]；容器reception of heat 吸热recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器recharge well 回灌井reciprocal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的reciprocal action 反复作用reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机reciprocal grate 往复炉排reciprocal motion 住复式动作reciprocal proportion 反比例reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机reciprocate 往复（运动），互换reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的reciprocating ( grate ) bar 往复式炉排片reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机recirculate 再循环recirculated 再循环的recirculated air 再循环空气[由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气] recirculated air by pass 循环空气旁路recircilated air intake 循环空气入口recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统recirculating 再循环的，回路的recirculating air duct 再循环风道recirculating fan 再循环风机recirculating line 再循环管路recirculating pump 再循环泵recirculation 再循环recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水recirculation ratio 再循环比recirculation water 再循环水reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置reclamation 回收，再生，再利用reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收recombination 再化[结]合，复合，恢复recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图recording apparatus 记录仪器recording barometer 自记气压计recording card 记录卡片recording facility 记录装置recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸recording pressure gauge 自记压力计recording water-gauge 自记水位计recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的recoverable heat 可回收的热量recoverable oil 可回收的油recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热recovery plant 回收装置recovery rate 回收率relief damper 泄压风门return air flame plate回风百叶Seat air supply座椅送风Shaft seal 轴封Shaft storage 搁架式贮藏Shake 摇动，抖动Shakedown run 试车，调动启动，试运转Shake-out 摇动，抖动Shakeproof 防振的，抗振的Shaker 振动器Shaking 摇[摆，振]动Shaking grate 振动炉排Shaking screen 振动筛Shallow 浅层，浅的，表面的Shank 柄，杆，柱体，轴Shape 造[成]型，形状[态]模型。

HVAC专业词汇表Chinese EnglishA声级A-weighted sound pressure level 安全阀pressure relief valve安全阀safety valve安息角angle of repose氨-水吸收式制冷机aqua-ammonia absorption type-refrigerating machine百叶窗louver百叶窗shutter板式换热器plate heat exchanger饱和含湿量saturation humidity ratio饱和蒸汽saturated steam保温thermal insulation保温材料thermal insulation material保温层insulating layer保温窗heat insulating window报警信号alarm signal背景噪声background noise被控参数controlled variable比电阻resistivity比电阻specific resistance比焓specific enthalpy比例带proportional band比例积分调节proportional-integral(PI)control比例积分微分调节proportional-integralderivative (PID) control比例调节proportional control比摩阻specific frictional resistance 闭环控制closed loop control闭式回水closed return闭式满管回水closed full flow return闭式水箱closed tank避风天窗wind-proofed monitor变风量空气调节系统variable air volume(VAV)airconditioning system变风量末端装置variable air volume(VAV)terminal device变送器transmitter标准工况standard condition标准制冷量standard rating[ofrefrigerating machine]表面换热系数surface coefficient of heattransfer表面换热系数surface(film)thermalconductance表面换热阻surface[film]resistance of heat(thermal)transfer表面式换热器indirect heat exchanger表面式换热器surface-type heat exchanger补偿器compensator补给水泵make-up water pump补心bushing不凝性气体foul gas不凝性气体non condensable gas不凝性气体分离器gas purger不凝性气体分离器non condensable gas purger采暖space heating采暖管道heating pipeline采暖期度日数degree-days of heating period 采暖期度日数number of degree-day of heatingperiod采暖期室外平均温度outdoor mean air temperatureduring heating period采暖期天数days of heating period采暖设备heating appliance采暖设备heating equipment采暖室外计算温度outdoor design temperature turefor heating采暖室外临界温度outdoor ctitcal air temperaturefor heating采暖系统heating system参数检测parameter detection槽边排风罩lateral exhaust at the edge ofa bath槽边排风罩rim exhaust槽边排风罩slip exhaust hood槽边通风rim ventilation槽边通风slot exhaust on edges of tanks 侧面送风sidewall air supply侧吸罩lateral hoodlength of pipesection侧吸罩sidehood测孔sampling hole测孔sampling port插板阀slide damper插板式送（吸）风口air supply(suction)openingwith slide plate差压流量计differential pressure typeflowmeter超声波加湿器ultrasonic humidifier超调量overshoot朝向修正率correction factor fororientation尘化作用pulvation action尘源dust source沉降室gravity separator沉降室settling chamber沉降速度setting velocity程序控制program control程序控制sequence control冲激式除尘器impact dust collector冲激式除尘器vortex scrubber出口风速outlet air velocity初始浓度initial concentration of dust 除尘dust control除尘dust removal除尘dust separation除尘器dust collector除尘器dust separator除尘器particulate collector除尘系统dust removing system除尘效率collection efficiency除尘效率overall efficiency ofseparation除尘效率total scparation efficlency除污器strainer穿堂风cross-ventilation穿堂风through flow穿堂风through-draught穿透率penetration rate传递率transmissibility传热heat transmission传热冷负荷cooling load from heat传热系数coficient of effective heatemission传热系数overall heat transmissioncoefficient传热阻resistance of heat transfer串级调节系统Carnot cycle窗式空气调节器window air conditioner吹吸式排风罩push-pull hood垂直单管采暖系统vertical one(single)pipeheating system催化燃烧cast iron radiator催化燃烧catalytic oxidation大气尘atmospheric dust大气尘particulates大气扩散atmospheric diffusion大气扩散dispersion大气透明度atmospheric transparency大气透明系数coefficient of atmospherictransparency大气湍流atmospheric turbulence大气稳定度atmospheric stability大气污染air pollution大气污染atmospheric pollution大气压力atmospheric pressure大气压力barometric pressure大容积密闭罩closed booth大容积密闭罩large space enclosure带状辐射板strip radiant panel袋式除尘器bag filler袋式除尘器baghouse袋式除尘器fabric collector单风管空气调节系统single duct air conditioningsystem单风管系统single duct system单管采暖系统one(single)-pipe heating system 单管跨越式采暖系统one(single)-pipe circuit(cross-over) heating system单管顺序式采暖系统one(single)-pipe seriesloopheating system单双管混合式采暖系统one-and-two pipe combinedheating system单位面积送风量air supply volume per unit area 单向流通风unidirectional flow ventilation单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机single-effect lithium bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine弹簧隔振器spring shock absorber当量局部阻力系数equivalent coefficient of localresistance当量长度equivalent length挡风板back plate挡风板wind shield挡水板eliminator导流板guide vane导流板turning vane导热系数heat conduction coefficient导热系数heat conductivity导温系数thermal diffusivity倒吊桶式疏水器inverted bucket type steam trap 倒灌down draft等百分比流量特性equal percentage flowcharacteristic等焓线isoenthalpy等湿加热sensible heating等湿冷却sensible cooling等湿线isobume等温加湿isothermal humidification等温射流isothermal jet等温线isotherm等效〔连续A〕声级Equivalent[continuous A]soundlevel低频噪声low-frequencynoise低压蒸汽采暖low-pressure steam heating地板辐射采暖floor panel heating地道风air through tunnel地方太阳时local solartime电（气）动两通阀motorized (pneumatic)电（气）动三通阀2-way valvemotorized(pneumatic)3-way valve电除尘器electric precipitator电磁阀solenoid valve电动调节阀motorized valve电极式加湿器electrode humidifier电加热段electric heater电加热器elbow电—气转换器electro-pneumatic converter电热辐射采暖electric panel heating电阻式加湿器Electric resistance humidifier 电阻温度计resistance thermometer吊扇ceiling fan蝶阀butterfly damper顶棚辐射采暖ceiling panel heating定风量空气调节系统constant volume airconditioning system定期除灰intermittent dust removal定期除灰periodic dust dislodging定时温（湿）度fixed time temperature(humidity)定位器positioner定值调节constant value control 定值调节fixed set-point control冬季空气调节室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for winter air conditioning冬季空气调节室外计算相对湿度outdoor design relative humidity for winter air conditioning冬季通风室外计算温度outdoor design temperature forwinter vemtilation冬季围护结构室外计算温度outdoor design temperature ture for calculated envelope in winter动态偏差dynamic deviation动压velocity pressure堆积密度bulk density堆积密度volume density对开式多叶阀opposed multiblade damper对流采暖convection heating对流散热器convector对喷two banks opposing spraypattern多工况控制系统multi-operating mode controlsystem多管〔旋风〕除尘器Multi-cyclone二次回风secondary return air二次扬尘Re-entrainment of dust二次蒸汽flash steam发生器generator阀权度valve anthority防爆explosion proofing防冻剂antifreeze agent防回流装置back-flow preventer防回流装置sub-duct assembly防火fire prevention防火阀fire damper防烟smoke control防烟阀smoke damper房间得热量space heat gain房间空气调节器room air conditioner房间冷负荷space cooling load房间湿负荷space moisture load房间吸声量room absorption放气阀air vent非等温射流non-isothermal jct非共沸溶液制冷剂non azeotropic mixturerefrigerant非共同段non-commonsection非空气调节区unconditioned zone非稳态传热unsteady-state heat transfer分层空气调节strantiicated air conditioning 分程控制split ranging control分割粒径cut diameter分级除尘效率fractional separationefficiency分级除尘效率grade efficiency分汽缸steam manifold分体式空气调节器split air conditioning system 粉尘采样仪dust sampler粉尘采样仪dust sampling meter风管air duct风管支架suppot of duct风管吊架hanger of ductfan section风机盘管机组fan-coil unit风机盘管加新风系统primary air fan-coil system风机盘管空气调节系统fan-coil air-conditioningsystem风机盘管空气调节系统fan-coil system风口air opening风冷式冷凝器air-cooled condenser风力附加率additional heat loss风量平衡air balance风速wind speed风向wind direction风向频率frequency of wind direction风压wind pressure氟利昂freon浮球阀float valve浮球式疏水器float type steam trap浮桶式疏水器upright bucket type steam trap 辐射采暖radiant heating辐射强度radiant intensity辐射照度irradiance负反馈negative freedback负荷特性load pattern负压区zone of negative pressure附加耗热量adiabatic humidification干工况dry cooling condition干空气drv air干球温度dry-bulb temperature干湿球温度表pulvation action干式除尘器dry dust separator干式凝结水管dry return pipe干式蒸发器dry expansion evaporator干蒸汽加湿器dry steam humidifier钢制散热器steel radiator高度附加率additional factor for windforce高频噪声high-frequency noise高温热水采暖high temperature water heating 高压热水采暖high-pressure hot water heating 高压蒸汽采暖high-pressure steam heating隔热thermal insuation隔热屏heat screen隔热屏heat shield隔热水箱water tank forheat(thermal)insulation隔热水箱water-cooled absorptiveshielding隔声sound insulation隔振vibration isolation隔振器isolator隔振器vibration isolator给定值set point工况自动转换multi-operating mode automticconversion工业通风industrial ventilation工艺性空气调节induced air conditioning工艺性空气调节process air conditioning工质working substance工作地点work place工作地点working place工作地点空气流速air velocity at work place工作地点温度spot temperature工作地点温度temperature at work place工作压力working pressure共沸溶液制冷剂azeotropic mixture refrigerant 共同段common section共振resonance共振频率resonant frequency供回水温差temperature difference betweensupply and return water供汽压力pressure of steam supply供热heat supply供水温度supply water temperature固定支架fixed support固有频率natural freguency管道配件pipe fittings管段pipe section管段长度length of pipe section管接头coupling贯流式通风机tangential fan惯性除尘器inertial dust separator光面管放热器pipe coil光面管散热器pipe radiator锅炉房boiler plant锅炉房boiler room过渡过程transient过冷Sub-cooling过冷度degree of sub-cooling过滤段filter section过滤器初阻力initial resistance of filter过滤器终阻力final resistance of filter过滤速度filtration velocity过滤速度media velocity过滤效率filter efficiency过热superheat过热度degree of superheat过热蒸汽overheat steam过热蒸汽superheated steam含尘浓度dust concentration含湿量humidity ratio焓enthalpy焓熵图enthalpy entropy chart焓湿图push-pull hood耗热量heat loss黑球温度black globe temperature恒湿器humidistat恒湿系统constant humidity system恒温恒湿系统constant temperature andhumidity system恒温器thermostat恒温式疏水器expansion steam trap恒温式疏水器thermostatic steam trap恒温系统constant temperature system红外线辐射器infrared radiant heater红外线加湿器infrared humidifier滑动角angle of slide滑动平均overlapping averages滑动平均running means环境噪声ambient noise环境噪声environmental noise环路circuit环路loop缓蚀剂anticorrosive缓蚀剂corrosion inhibitor换气次数air changes换气次数ventilating rate换热器heat exchanger回风return air回风百分比percentage of return air回风方式air return method回风方式air return mode回风机return fan回风口return air inlet回风口吸风速度suction velocity at return airinlet回流区return flow zone回水温度return water temperature混合段mixing box section混水器water-water jet活动支架movable support活接头union活塞式压缩机reciprocating compressor火炉采暖stove heating机器露点apparatus dew point机械除尘mechanical cleaning off dust机械排风系统mechanical dust removal机械式风速仪mechanical anemometer机械送风系统mechanical air supply system机械通风forced ventilation机械通风mechanical ventilation机械通风系统mechanical exhaust system积分时间integral time基本耗热量basic heat loss极端最低温度extreme minimum temperature极端最高温度extreme maximum temperature极限流速limiting velocity极限压缩量limit deflection集合管air manifold集气罐air collector集中采暖central heating集中采暖concentrated heating集中控制centralized control集中式空气调节系统central air conditioning system 集中送风采暖localized air supply for air-heating计数浓度number concentration计数浓度particle number concentration 计算参数design conditions继电器relay加热段heating coil section加湿humidification加湿段humidifier section加湿器humidifier加压泵booster间接制冷系统indirect refrigerating sys间歇采暖intermittent heating间歇附加率additional factor forintermittent heating监督控制系统supervisory computercontrol(SCC)system检测元件detecting element检查门access door减湿dehumidification减湿冷却dehumidifying cooling减压阀pressure reducing valve减压阀reducing valve建筑气流区building flow zones降温、冷却cooling降温系统cooling system角阀angle valve接受式排风罩receiving hood节流膨胀throttling expansion洁净室clean room截止阀stop valve解吸desorption金属辐射板metal radiant panel金属辐射板采暖metal radiant panel heating进风口air intake进风量supply air rate经济传热阻economic resistance of heattransfer经济流速economic velocity静态偏差static deflection静态压缩量static deflection静压static pressure静压箱plenum chamber就地控制localized air control局部采暖local heating局部密闭罩partial enclosure局部排风local exhaust ventilation (LEV)局部排风系统local exhaust system局部排风罩exhaust hood局部排风罩hood局部区域空气调节local air conditioning局部送风local relief局部送风系统local air supply system局部送风系统local relief system局部通风local ventilation局部阻力local resistance局部阻力系数coefficient of local resistance 绝对粗糙度absolute roughness绝对湿度absolute humidity绝热加湿adiabatic humidification卡诺循环capturing hood卡他温度计katathermometer开环控制open loop control开式回水open return开式水箱open tank抗性消声器reactive muffler颗粒层除尘器granular bed filter颗粒层除尘器gravel bed filter壳管式冷凝器shell and coil condenser壳管式冷凝器shell and tube condenser壳管式蒸发器shell and tube evaporator可逆循环reversible cycle可湿性wettability空气弹簧隔振器air cushion shock absorber空气动力阴影区recirculation cavity空气动力阴影区zone of aerodynamic shadow空气动力阴影区zone of re-circulating flow空气动力噪声aerodynamic noise空气分布器air distributor空气过滤器air filter空气加热器air hater空气间层air space空气间层airspace空气洁净度air cleanliness空气冷却器air cooler空气幕air curtain空气湿度air humidity空气—水系统air-water system空气调节air conditioning空气调节房间conditioned space空气调节机房air conditioning machine room 空气调节机房air handling unit room空气调节区conditioned zone空气调节设备air conditioning equipment空气调节设备air handling equipment空气调节系统air conditioning system空气调节系统冷负荷air conditioning system coolingload空气温度air temperature空气污染物air contaminant空气污染物air pollutant空气预热器air preheater空调工况air conditioning condition空调工况制冷量rating under air conditioningcondition孔板送风perforated ceiling air supply 控制风速capture velocity控制风速control velocity控制屏control panel控制装置control device块状辐射板unit radiant panel快开流量特性quick open flow characteristic 累年值normals累年最冷三个月normal coldest 3-month period 累年最冷三个月normal three winter months累年最冷月normal coldest month累年最热三个月normal hottest 3month period累年最热三个月normal three summer months累年最热月normal hottest month冷风机组cooling unit冷风机组self-contained cooling unit冷风幕cooling air curtain冷风渗透耗热量heat loss by infiltration冷风渗透耗热量infiltration heat loss冷负荷温度cooling load temperature冷剂水water as refrigerant冷凝condensation冷凝器condenser冷凝温度condensing temperature冷凝压力condensing pressure冷盘管cooling coil冷却段cooling coil section冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower冷水chilled water离心式加湿器spinning disk humidifier离心式暖风机unit heater with centrifugalfan离心式通风机centrifugal fan离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor历年值annual [value]历年最冷月annual coldest month历年最热月annual hottest month立管riser立式壳管式冷凝器open shell and tube condenser 粒径particle size粒径分布granulometric distribution粒径分布particle size distribution粒子particle粒子particulate粒子计数器particle counter连续采暖continuous heating连续除灰continuous dust dislodging连续除灰continuous dust dislodging联合除尘mechanical and hydrauliccombined dust removal联合通风natural and mechanical combinedventilation联锁保护interlock protection两管制水系统two-pipe water system淋激式冷凝器atmospheric condenser菱形叶片调节阀diamond-shaped damper露点温度dew-point temperature螺杆式压缩机screw compressor螺纹接口close nipple落地浓度ground-level concentration氯化锂电阻湿度计lithium chloride resistancehygrometer滤筒采样管filter cylinder for sampling满液式蒸发器flooded evaporator毛发湿度计hair hygrometor毛细管capillary tube煤气红外线辐射采暖gas-fired infrared heating密闭罩enclosed hood密闭罩exhausted enclosure敏感元件sensing element摩擦系数friction factor摩擦阻力friction loss摩擦阻力frictional resistance泥浆处理sludge handling逆卡诺循环reverse Carnot cycle逆喷upstream spray pattern逆温temperature inversion逆温层inversion layer逆温层thermal inversion layer年平均温（湿）度mean annual temperature(humidity)凝结水背压力back pressure of steam trap凝结水管condensate pipe凝结水盘condensate drain pan凝结水箱condensate tank凝缩水泵condensate pump浓溶液strong liquor浓溶液strong solution暖风机unit heater排放浓度emission concentration排风柜fumehood排风柜laboratory hood排风机exhaust fan排风机室exhaust fan room排风口exhaust outlet排风量exhaust air rate排风温度temperature of outgoing air排气管vent pipe排气温度discharge temperature排气压力discharge pressure排气烟囱exaust vertical pipe排污管blow off pipe排污管blowdown排污管drain pipe排烟smoke extraction排烟阀smoke exhaust damper旁通阀by-pass damper旁通管by-pass pipe抛物线流量特性parabolic flow character-istic 泡沫除尘器foam dust separator喷口送风nozzle outlet air suppluy喷淋式蒸发器spray-type evaporator喷射器ejector喷水段spray chamber喷水段spray-type air washer section 喷雾风扇air-douche unit with wateratomization喷雾风扇spray fan喷嘴spray nozzle喷嘴密度spray nozzle density膨胀expansion膨胀管expansion pipe膨胀水箱expansion tank皮托管face tube皮托管impact tube皮托管pitot tube频程frequency interval平行式多叶阀parallel multiblade damperin平均风速mean wind speed平均相对湿度mean relative humidity气布比air-to-cloth ratio气布比specific gas flow rate气-电转换器pneumo-electrical converter气动调节阀pneumatic valve气力输送pneumatic conveying气力输送pneumatic transport气流组织air distribution气流组织space air diffusion气体冷凝condensation of vapor气体燃烧combustion of gas and vapor气体吸附adsorption of gas and vapor气体吸收absorption of gas and vapor汽水混合式换热器direct-contact heat exchanger 汽-水混合式换热器steam-water mixed heatexchanger汽水混合物steam water mixture汽-水式换热器steam-water type heat exchanger 前馈控制feed-forward control潜热latent heat墙壁辐射采暖wall panel heating亲水性粉尘hydrophilic dust亲水性粉尘lyophilic dust轻作业light work清扫孔cleaning hole清扫孔cleanout opening区域供热district heat supply区域供热district heating区域温差space temperature variation全空气系统ail-air system全面排风general exhaust ventilation(GEV)全面通风entirely ventilation全面通风general air change全面通风general ventilation全热total heat全热换热器air-to-air total heat exchanger 全水系统all-water system全压total pressure群集系数percentage of men，women andchildren燃气热风器gas-fired unit heater燃油热风器oill-fired unit heater扰动频率disturbance frequency热泵heat pump热泵式空气调节器heat pump air conditioner热泵式空气调节器packaged heat pump热车间hot shop热车间hot workshop热动力式疏水器thermodynamic type steam trap 热惰性指标index of thermal inertia热风采暖hot air heating热风采暖warm-air heating热风采暖系统hot air heating system热风采暖系统warm-air heating system热风幕warm air curtain热风速仪heated thermometer anemometer 热风速仪thermal anemometer热负荷heating load热管heat pipe热力膨胀阀thermostatic expansion valve热力燃烧flame combustion热力燃烧thermal oxidation热力入口building heating entry热力循环thermodynamic cycle热力制冷heat-operated refrigeration热力制冷系统heat-operated refrigeratingsystem热流计heat flowmeter热流量heat flow rate热媒heating medium热媒参数heating medium parameter热敏电阻温度计thermistor thermometer热盘管heating coil热平衡heat balance热湿比angle scale热湿交换heat and moisture transfer热水采暖hot water heating热水采暖系统hot water system热水管hot water pipe热水锅炉hot water boiler热网heat distributing network热网heat supply network热稳定性heat endurance热稳定性thermal stability热压stack effect pressure热压thermal buoyancy热压thermal pressure热源heat source热阻heat resistance热阻thermal resistance人体散热量heat gain from occupant人体散湿量moisture gain from occupant日较差daily range日平均温（湿）度mean daily temperature(humidity)日平均综合温度average daily sol-airtemperature日照率percentage of possible sunshine 容尘量dust-holding capacity柔性接头flexible joint软管flexible duct三管制水系统three-pipe water system伞形风帽cowl伞形风帽wather cap伞形罩canopy hood散流器diffuser air supply散流器送风diffuser air supply散热量heat release散热量有效系数coefficient of effective heatemission散热器heat emitter散热器radiator散热器采暖radiator heating散热器采暖系统radiator heating system散热器供热支管feeding branch tlo radiator散热器回水支管return branch of radiator散热器调节阀radiator valve散热强度specific heat load散热源source of heat release散湿量moisure gain筛板塔perforated plate tower筛板塔sieve-plate column闪发气体flash gas熵entropy上分式系统downfeed system设备散热量heat gain from appliance andequipment设备散湿量moisture gain from applianceand equipment射流扩散角jet divergence angle射流扩散角spread射流区forward flow zone射流轴心速度jet axial velocity声功率级sound power level声级sound level声级计psychrometric chart声级计sound level meter声强级sound intensity level声压级sound pressure level声源sound source湿法冲洗wet flushing湿法除尘wet dust collection湿法除尘wet dust extraction湿工况wet cooling condition湿空气moist air湿球温度wet-bulb temperature湿式除尘器wet dust collector湿式除尘器wet scrubber湿式除尘器wet separator湿式凝结水管wet return pipe湿式作业wet method operation拾振器vibration pick-up事故通风emergency ventilation事故通风系统emergency ventilation system室内空气流速indoor air velocity室内外计算参数indoor and outdoor designconditions室内温（湿）度indoor temperature (humidity)室内温湿度基数indoor reference for airtemperature and relativehumidity室内温湿度允许波动范围allowed indoor fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity室内在气计算参数indoor air design conditions 室外空气计算参数outdoor air design conditions 室外温（湿）度outdoor temperature(humidity)手动控制manual control手摇泵hand pump受限射流jet in a confined space舒适性空气调节comfort air conditioning 疏水器steam trap疏水性粉尘hydrophobic dust疏水性粉尘lyophobic dust输出量out put variable输入量input variable衰减倍数damping factot双风管空气调节系统Dual duct air conditioning 双风管空气调节系统dual duct system双管采暖系统two-pipe heating system双金属温度计bimetallic thermometer双位调节on-of control双位调节two-position control双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机double-effect lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine水冷式冷凝器water-cooled condenser水力除尘hydraulic dust removal水力计算hydraulic calculation水力失调hydraulic disorder水膜除尘器water film cyclone水膜除尘器water-film separator水幕water curtain水幕water screen水平单管采暖系统one(single)-pipe loop circuitheating system水气比water-air ratio水-水式换热器water-water type heat exchanger 水系统water system水系统竖向分区vertical zoning of water system 水硬性hydraulicity水蒸汽分压力partial pressure of water vapor 顺喷downstream spray pattern丝堵screwed plug丝对screwnipple四管制水系统four-pipe water system四通cross fan送风supply air送风方式air supply method送风方式air supply mode送风机supply fan送风机室supply fan room送风温差effective temperaturedifference送风温差supply air temperaturedifference速度场velocity field随动系统follow-up control system太阳常数solar constant太阳赤纬solar declination太阳方位角solar azimuth太阳方位角sun's azimuth太阳辐射solar radiation太阳辐射热solar radiant heat太阳辐射热吸收系数absorptance for solar radiation 太阳辐射照度solar irradiance太阳高度角solar altitude太阳高度角sun's altitude太阳能采暖solar heating太阳直接辐射direct solar radiation套管式冷凝器double pipe condenser套管式冷凝器tube-in-tube condenser体积浓度volumteric concentration天空散射辐射sky radiation填料塔packed column填料塔packed tower条缝型风口slip diffuser条缝型风口slot outlet调节对象controlled plant调节对象放大系数amplification factor ofcontrolled plant调节对象时间常数time constant of controlledplant调节对象正升曲线response curve of controlledplant调节对象滞后lag of controlled plant调节对象自平衡inherent regulation ofcontrolled plant调节阀control valve调节阀流量特性flow characteristic of controlvalve调节阀流通能力flow capacity of control valve 调节机构correcting element调节器controller调节器regulator贴附射流wall attachment jet通风ventilation通风〕部件part通风部件components通风部件piece通风干管main duct通风管道ventilating duct通风耗热量ventilation heat loss通风机fan通风机室fan house通风机室fan room通风量ventilation rate通风配件fittings通风设备ventilation equipment通风设备ventilation facilities通风温湿度计aspiration psychrometer通风温湿度计Assmann aspiration psychrometer 通风温湿度计sling psychrometer通风屋顶ventilated roof通风支管branch duct通风止回阀nonreturn damper通风总管trunk duct通过式风管passage ventilating duct通过式风管through air duct同程式系统reversed return system筒形风帽cylindrical ventilator筒形风帽roof ventilator外部吸气罩capture velocity外门附加率additional factor for exteriordoor弯头ejetor微穿孔板消声器Micro-punch plate muffler微分时间derivative time微压计Micro manometer围护结构building envelope围护结构温差修正系数temperature differencecorrection factor of envelope 尾流区zone of wake温度场temperature field温度梯度temperature gradient文丘里除尘器Venturi scrubber稳定气流区contour zone稳定性stability稳态传热steady-state heat transfer稳压层plenum space涡轮流量计turning flowmeter卧式壳管式冷凝器closed shell and tube condenser卧式壳管式蒸发器closed shell and tubeevaporator卧式旋风水膜除尘器horizontal water-film syclonet 屋顶通风机Power-roof ventilator无定位调节floating control无组织进风unorganized air supply无组织排风unorganized exhaust无组织自然通风uncontrolled naturalventilation无组织自然通风unorganized natural ventilation 吸风口exhaust inlet吸风口exhaust opening吸附剂adsorbent吸附质adsorbate吸附装置adsorber吸附装置adsorption equipment吸气温度suction temperature吸气压力suction pressure吸声sound absorption吸声材料absorbent吸声材料sound absorption material吸声系数acoustic absorptivity吸声系数sound absorption coefficient吸收剂absorbent吸收器absorber吸收式制冷机absorption-type refrigeratingmachine吸收式制冷循环absorptiong refrige rationgcycle吸收质absorbate吸收装置absorption equipment稀溶液weak solution系统坐力system resistance下分式系统upfeed system夏季空气调节室外计算干球温度outdoor design dry-bulb temperature for summer air conlitioning夏季空气调节室外计算日平均温度outdoor design mean daily temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空气调节室外计算湿球温度outdoor designwet-bulb temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空气调节室外计算逐时温度outdoor design hourly temperature for summer air conditioning夏季通风室外计算温度outdoor design temperature forsummer ventilation夏季通风室外计算相对湿度outdoor design relative humidityu for summer ventilation纤维性粉尘fibrous dust显热sensible heat限位开关limit switch线性流量特性linear flow characteristic相对粗糙度roughness factor相对湿度relative humidity橡胶隔振器rubber shock absorber消声noise reduction消声sound attenuation消声sound deadening消声段muffler section消声量sound deadening capacity消声器sound absorber消声弯头bend muffler斜插板阀inclined damper泄水管drain pipe泄压装置pressure relief device新风〕焓值控制系统enthalpy control system新风机组fresh air handling unit新风冷负荷cooling load from outdoor air 新风冷负荷cooling load from ventilation 新风量fresh air requirement新风系统central ventilation system新风系统primary air system溴化锂lithium bromide溴化锂吸收式制冷机lithium-bromide absorption-typerefrigerating machine蓄冷水池thermal storage tank蓄热heat storage蓄热thermal storage effect蓄热特性heat storage capacity蓄热特性thermal storage characteristic 蓄热系数coefficient of accumulation ofheat蓄热系数coefficient of thermal storage 悬浮速度suspended velocity旋风除尘器cyclone dust separator旋流风口swirl diffuser旋流风口twist outlet旋转送风口rotary supply outlet旋转送风口rotating air outlet withmovable guide vanes选择控制系统selective control system选择器selector旬平均温（湿）度ten-days averagetemperature(humidity)巡回检测data scanning循环泵circulating pump循环管circulating pipe压焓图pressure enthalpy chart压力表pressure gage压力式温度计pressure thermometer压力损失pressure drop压容图pressure volume chart压缩compression压缩冷凝机组condensing unit压缩式冷水机组compression-type water chiller 压缩式制冷compression-type refrigeration 压缩式制冷机compression-type refrigeratingmachine压缩式制冷系统compression-type refrigeratingsystem压缩式制冷循环compression-type refrigerationcycle烟囱有效高度effective stack height烟羽smoke plume烟羽抬升高度plume rise height延迟时间detention period延迟时间heat(thermal)lag遥控remote control液滴droplet液位计liquid-level gage一、二次泵冷水系统chilled water system withprimary-secondary pumps一次回风primary retirn air异程式系统direct return system异径管接头reducing coupling溢流管overflow pipe油冷却器oil cooler游离二氧化硅free silicon dioxide游离二氧化硅free sillica有害气体harmful gas and vapor。

口服固体制剂车间HV AC系统验证方案方案制定人：制定日期：方案审核人：审核日期：方案批准人：批准日期：XXXXXXXX有限公司目录口服固体制剂车间HVAC系统验证方案一、概述（一）HVAC的含义（二）验证小组人员及相关责任二、验证目的三、验证合格标准四、验证所需相关文件五、验证内容（一） HVAC系统的安装确认（二） HVAC系统的运行确认（三） HVAC系统的性能确认六、验证结果分析和综合评价七、最终批准八、验证周期附件：净化系统的送风平面布置图（份）生产工艺布局平面图（份）净化系统的回风平面布置图（份）口服固体制剂车间HVAC系统验证方案一、概述（一）HV AC的含义HV AC即Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning 的英文缩写，意为供热、通风和空气调节。

通过供热、通风和空气调节设备（空调）为药品生产提供合适的洁净环境，而环境的洁净度主要是靠空气净化系统来维持的，所以受控环境的验证即为空气、净化系统的验证。

制剂车间HV AC系统是由十万级空调净化系统组成，运行时将空气处理成符合要求的状态后送入各区域房间内，其中十万级净化级别的房间有30间，净化面积为1124 ㎡；该系统是由独立的空气处理装置、臭氧发生器消毒装置、空气输送和分配设备等组成的一个完整的系统。

该系统能够对空气进行冷却、加热、加湿、干燥和净化处理，能消除传入房间的噪声，本系统的运行能进行自动控制和检测。

该系统送风末端均安装有高效过滤器。

本系统的验证主要由测试仪器的校准、安装确认、运行确认、性能确认几部分组成。

（二）验证小组人员及相关责任XX：验证小组组长，设备工程部部长，负责本验证的组织协调及异常情况的处理；负责操作人员的培训及安排；XX：设备工程部科员兼本系统岗位操作人员，负责系统安装，调试确认以及对系统的操作；XX：QC主管，负责所有监测、样品检验的安排及复核；XX：QA人员，负责现场检查及监督，保证整个验证过程按批准的验证方案执行。

HVAC是Heating, Ve...HVAC是Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning 的英⽂缩写,就是供热通风与空⽓调节。

既代表上述内容的学科和技术，也代表上述学科和技术所涉及到的⾏业和产业。

HVAC⼜指⼀门应⽤学科，它在世界建筑设计和⼯程以及制造业有⼴泛的影响，各国都有HVAC协会，中国建筑学会暖通分会即中国的官⽅代表机构。

传热学、流体⼒学是其基本理论基础，它的研究和发展⽅向是为⼈类提供更加舒适的⼯作和⽣活环境。

空⽓调节系统，是包含温度、湿度、空⽓清净度以及空⽓循环的控制系统，被称为HVAC（英语：Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning and Cooling）。

空调供应冷⽓、暖⽓或除湿的作⽤原理均类似，利⽤冷媒在压缩机的作⽤下，发⽣蒸发或凝结，从⽽引发周遭空⽓的蒸发或凝结，以达到改变温、湿度的⽬的。

值得注意的是，“暖⽓机”是⼀个罕见的、热效率⼤于1的优良设备（若不考虑‘温室效应’）。

这使得其对地处亚热带地区的意义，远不如对于地处温带的地区来得有建设性。

历史 在超过⼀千年前，波斯已发明⼀种古式的空⽓调节系统，利⽤装置于屋顶的风杆，以外⾯的⾃然风穿过凉⽔并吹⼊室内，令室内的⼈感到凉快。

19世纪，英国科学家及发明家麦可·法拉第(Michael Faraday)，发现压缩及液化某种⽓体可以将空⽓冷冻，此现象出现在液化氨⽓蒸发时，当时其意念仍流于理论化。

1842年，佛罗⾥达州医⽣约翰·哥⾥(John Gorrie)以压所落成的新⼤楼设有中央空调。

⼀名新泽西州Hoboken的⼯程师Alfred Wolff协助设计此崭新的空⽓调节系统，并把技术由纺织⼚迁移⾄商业⼤厦，他被认为是令⼯作环境变得凉快的先驱之⼀。

1902年后期，⾸个现代化，电⼒推动的空⽓调节系统由韦利⼠·夏维兰·加利亚(1876年-1950年)发明。

HVAC系统知识设备管理部2016年4月28日目录1.暖通空调系统概述 (1)1.1温度 (1)1.2湿度 (2)1.3压力 (2)1.4换气 (3)2.暖通空调中常见的设备 (4)2.1.1冷冻机房 (4)2.1.2空调机房 (4)2.1.3室内 (4)2.2示例 (4)2.2.1锅炉 (4)2.2.2热交换器 (5)2.2.3冷水机组 (5)2.2.4空调机分类 (7)3.2点的类型 (10)3.2.1 DI (10)3.2.2 DO (10)3.2.3 AI (11)3.2.4 AO (11)3.3常用术语 (11)3.3.1设定点 (11)3.3.3偏移量 (11)3.3.4控制范围 (12)3.3.5偏差 (12)3.3.6正向作用 (12)3.3.8常开型和常闭型 (13)3.3.9重新设定 (13)4. 节能管理 (13)节能管理在智能化大楼内的管理中极其重要。

(13)4.1可编程时间控制模式 (14)4.2最佳启停(SSTO Start/Stop Time Optimization ) (14)4.3焓值控制（Enthalpy optimization） (15)4.4全新风运行 (15)4.5夜间净化 (16)4.6间歇工作 (16)5.空调系统的类型和控制 (16)5.1定风量系统 (16)5.1.1典型的空调机组控制原理 (16)5.1.2典型的新风机控制原理 (18)5.2变风量(VAV)系统 (18)5.2.1 VAV的基本控制方式 (19)5.2.2压力有关型VAV末端 (20)5.2.3简单的单冷型与压力无关的VAV末端 (20)5.2.4带再加热设备的VAV末端 (20)5.2.6串联风机 (21)5.2.7不带风机的诱导式 (21)5.2.8传统的VAV和最新的TRAV (21)6.其他自控系统简介 (22)6.1水系统 (22)6.1.1定流量系统 (22)6.1.2变流量系统 (22)6.1.3一次泵和二次泵 (23)6.2给排水系统 (24)6.3照明系统 (24)6.4变配电系统 (25)6.5电梯系统 (25)HVAC系统知识1.暖通空调系统概述HVAC (heating, ventilation, Air condition)控制系统的目的是通过控制锅炉、冷冻机、水泵、风机、空调机组等等来维护环境的舒适。

2024年HVAC传感器市场需求分析1. 引言HVAC（Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning）传感器是一种用于监测和控制暖通空调系统的设备。

随着社会经济的发展和人们生活质量的提高，以及环保意识的增强，HVAC传感器在建筑、工业和汽车等领域的需求逐渐增加。

本文将对HVAC传感器市场需求进行详细分析，包括市场规模、市场需求特点以及未来发展趋势。

2. 市场规模根据市场研究机构的数据显示，全球HVAC传感器市场规模正在快速增长。

根据预测，截至2025年，全球HVAC传感器市场规模将达到X亿美元。

市场规模的增长主要受到以下因素的影响：•建筑行业的发展：随着城市化进程的加快，建筑行业快速发展，驱动了HVAC传感器需求的增加。

•环保要求的提高：环保政策的进一步强化和人们对能源消耗的关注，促使HVAC传感器逐渐被应用于能源管理以及室内环境控制。

•技术创新的推动：传感器技术的不断创新，提高了HVAC传感器的性能和功能，进一步推动市场需求。

3. 市场需求特点HVAC传感器市场需求具有以下特点：3.1 多样化需求不同行业对HVAC传感器的需求存在差异。

在建筑领域，HVAC传感器主要用于室内温度、湿度和空气质量的监测和控制；而在工业领域，HVAC传感器主要用于生产环境的温度和湿度控制。

因此，供应商应根据不同行业的需求提供定制化的产品和解决方案。

3.2 高精度和可靠性需求HVAC传感器的测量精度和可靠性对于确保室内环境质量至关重要。

用户对HVAC 传感器的测量准确性和长期可靠性要求较高，因此供应商需要提供高质量的产品，并确保正确的安装和维护。

3.3 节能和智能化需求随着能源问题的日益突出，HVAC传感器在节能和智能化方面的需求不断增加。

用户希望通过HVAC传感器来实现能源的有效管理和室内环境的智能化控制，以提高舒适性和降低能源消耗。

4. 未来发展趋势HVAC传感器市场将继续保持快速增长，并呈现以下发展趋势：4.1 无线通信技术的应用无线通信技术的发展将进一步推动HVAC传感器的智能化和自动化。