2010年高考英语试题分类汇编——阅读理解1. （2010高考湖南A.B.C.D.E ）AL1PITOR ABOUT LIPITORLipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad” cholesterol(胆固醇in your blood．It can also raise “good” cholesterol.Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors， including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking. WHO IS LIPITOR FOR? Who can take LIPITOR：．People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise · Adults and children over l0 Who should NOT take LIPITOR：．Women who ate pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.．women who are breast-feeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.· People with liver(肝脏problems POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people：．Muscle(肌肉problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏problems ，including kidney failure ．Liver problems．Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it. Call your doctor right away if you have：．Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very fired ．Swelling of the face，lips ，tongue ，and ／or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing · Stomach painSome common side effects of LIPITOR： · Muscle pain · Upset stomach· Changes in some blood tests HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR DO：．Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.．Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food. . Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor. ．If you miss a dose(一剂，take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than12 hours since your missed dose，wait ．Take the next dose at your regular time. Don’t．Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor. ．Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor. 56. What is a major function of Lipitor?A. To help quit smoking.B. To control blood pressure.C. To improve unhealthy diet.D. To lower “bad” cholesterol. 57. Taking Lipitor is helpful for .A. breast-feeding womenB. women who are pregnantC. adults having heart diseaseD. teenagers with liver problems ．58. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you shouldA. change the amount of your next doseB. eat more when taking your next doseC. have a dose as soon as you rememberD. take the next dose at your regular time59. Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?A. Face swelling.B. Upset stomach.C. Kidney failure.D. Muscle weakness.60. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery.B. To present a report on a scientific research.C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle.D. To give information about a kind of medicine.本文为药品说明，主要介绍了药品Lipitor 的作用、适用人群、副作用及服药的相关注意事项.56. 答案：D 考点：细节理解解析：根据“Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad，”cholesterol(胆固醇in your blood．It can also raise “good'’ cholesterol. ”可以推断出答案.57. 答案：C 考点：细节理解解析：根据“Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking.. ”和“Adults and children over l0”可以判断选C58. 答案：D 考点：细节理解解析：根据“If you miss a dose(一剂，take it as soon as you remember. [But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，wait ．Take the next dose at your regular time. ]”可以得出答案59. 答案：B 考点：细节理解解析：根据“Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle pain, Upset stomach, Changes in some blood tests” 可以得出答案60. 答案：D 考点：推理判断题，解析：文章先总体介绍药品Lipitor 的作用，接着介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群，然后介绍药品的副作用，最后介绍服药的注意事项，由此可以判断选D 项.BWhen Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn’t work out, you’ll have something to rely on. ”Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, “the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,”she recalls.The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again , did she regret ignoring her morn,“ I don’t know how to use a computer,” she admits.Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病. All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF, an organization she serves as international chairman. “I felt there was a need for a book like this,”she says. “ I didn’t want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we’re self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease. ” But she hasn’t always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈. Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up–again–and take control of herdiabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, ‘why me?’ about something or other,” she insists. “It doesn’t do any good. No one is immune (免疫的 to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I’ve come to realize the importance of that as I’ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be. ” 61. Why did Mary feel regretful?A. She didn’t achieve her ambition.B. She didn’t take care of her mother.C. She didn’t complete her high school.D. She didn’t follow her mother's advice. 62, We can know that before 1995 MaryA. had two books publishedB. received many career awardsC. knew how to use a computerD. supporteed the JDRF by writing63. Mary’s second book Growing Up Again is mainly about herA. living with diabetesB. successful show businessC. service for an organizationD. remembrance of her mother 64. When Mary received the life-changing news, she A. lost control of herselfB. began a balanced dietC. tried to get a treatmentD. behaved in an adult way65. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Mary feels pity for herself.B. Mary has recovered from her disease.C. Mary wants to help others as much a possible.D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor.【语篇解读】本文为人物介绍说明文. 主要介绍了玛丽·摩尔的职业生涯及抗病之争.61. 答案D 考点：细节理解题. 解析：根据第二段“Only recently，when she began to write Growing Up Again，did she regretignoring her mom，‘I dont know how to use a computer,’she admits. ”可判断选D 项.62. 答案B 考点：细节理解题. 解析：根据第二段“The show business thing worked out，of course. In her career，Mary won many awards. ”可判断选B 项.63. 答案A 考点：细节理解题. 解析：根据第三段“her second book is less about life as an awardwinning actress and moreabout living with diabetes (糖尿病. ”可判断选A 项.64. 答案A 考点：细节理解题. 解析：根据第四段“In a childlike act，she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈. Years would pass before she realized she had to grow upagain —and take control of her diabetes，not let it control her. ”可判断选A 项.65. 答案C 考点：推理判断题. 解析：根据最后一段中的Mary Moore 所说的话“Ive come to realize the importance of that as I ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and b e as helpful as I can be. ”可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C 项.CPeople from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀地 a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix attention on the eyes.“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,”Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略the mouth. ”According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did expressions,”Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. ”In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselveslost in translation. 66. The discovery shows that Westerners A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions67. What were the people asked to do in the study? A. To make a face at each other.B. To get their faces impressive.C. To classify some face pictures.D. To observe the researchers faces.68. What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The participants in the study.B. The researchers of the study.C. The errors made during the study.D. The data collected from the study. 69. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to .A. do translation more successfullyB. study the mouth more frequentlyC. examine the eyes more attentivelyD. read facial expressions more correctly70. What can be the best title for the passage?A. The Eye as the Window to the SoulB. Cultural Differences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social SkillD. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文. 主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情. 66. 答案：A 考点：细节理解题，解析：根据第三段“Westerners look at the eye s and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略the mouth. ” 可以得出答案67. 答案：C 考点：细节理解题，解析：根据第五段“—by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observedpictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. ”可以判断选C68. 答案：A 考点：词义猜测. 解析：根据定语从句“that they show”所修饰的eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A69. 答案：C 考点：细节理解题. 解析：根据第六段“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. ”可判断选C70. 答案：B 考点：主旨大意题，解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情. 之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同. 由此判断最佳标题应为B Part Writing (45 marks Ⅳ Section A (10 marksDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. It can last anywhere from one to six years, but four years is typical for most. An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman– someone who has done the job for many years. The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking.One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. What’s more, it offers apprentices an “earn while you learn” opportunity. They u sually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. Apprenticeship also pays off for employers. It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from.Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗 if business for the employers is slow.Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go on to different companies or become self-employed contractors. Defintion——on-the-job training combining workplace esperence of the time in a workplace:learning the practical skills *the rest of the time in a classroom: learning the skills Advantages——costing apprentices nothing offering apprentices money-making opportunities*gradually increasing pay in the process offering Disadvantages ——little time for anything else The possibility free choices of jobs71. Apprenticeship 72. classroom learning 73. the majority 74. theoretical 75. at the beginning76. a jouneyman’s wages 77. many well-trained workers.78. being laid off79. Results 80. another pay increase71. 答案Apprenticeship 解析：全文是围绕“Apprenticeship”而展开描写的，故填Apprenticeship.72. 答案classroom learning[解析：根据第一段第一句“An apprenticeship is a form of on the job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. ”可判断.73. 答案the majority，解析：根据第一段“An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman”可判断.74. 答案theoretical ，解析：根据第一段“The rest of the apprentices time is spent in a clas sroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. ”可判断.75. 答案at the beginning，解析：根据第二段“They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman，and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. ”可判断.76. 答案a journeyman’s wages解析：根据第二段“Near the end of the apprenticeship，their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. ” 可判断作答77. 答案：many well trained workers 解析：根据第二段“It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from. ”可判断78. 答案：being laid off解析：根据第三段“Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗 i f business for the employers is slow. ” 可判断79. 答案：Results 解析：综合右栏内容可判断80. 答案：another pay increase解析：根据最后一段“Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, theyreceive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. ”可判断Section B (10 marksDirections: Read the following passage, Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. Secret SantasOn Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that’s all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.“It’s an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的 basis,” says Linda. “It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays. ”Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women’s Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U. S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.To find her “adopted” family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wishlist for a family that’s struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother withthr ee children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home. “The list is always heart breaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys,” she says. “We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves. ”She also buys gifts for the parents.Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list–one that didn't include the basics. “Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime. ” She purchased iPo ds for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest. “Ihave learned a very valuable lesson in all of this,” says Linda. “Pay attention to what’s going on in your own backyard--no matter where you live. ”The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous. 81. What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have?( more than 5 words(2 marks82. Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto?(No more than 10 words (2 marks83. Why did Linda ask for a second wish list?(No more than 15 words (3 marks84. What kind of people does “secret Santas” the passage refer to?(No more than 12 words(3 marks81. 答案：They will feel greatly surprised解析：根据第一段“Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. ”可判断作答82. 答案：She joined it for fellowship and community service解析：根据第三段“Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U. S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service. ”可判断作答83. 答案：She wanted to give the children some other gifts rather than the basics解析：根据最后一段“Last year Linda asked the mother for a secon d wish list--one that didn’t include the basics. ”和“ She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest. ”可判断作答84. 答案：it refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas解析：综合第一段和最后一段可推断作答.（2010高考福建A.B.C.D.E ）AF . Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24,1896, an American novelist, w as once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton. University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary : “ My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in mydiary. ”This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned (1922, a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922, and a play The Vegetable (1923. But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925,which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection lf short stories All the Sad Young Men.However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swissclinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The love of the last Tycoon in 1940. while his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism.56. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage ?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 857. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitz gerald’s life according to the passage?a. He became addicted to drinking.b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.d. The Great Gatsby won high praise. e. He failed to reorder his life.f. He joined the army and met Zelda. A. f-c-e-a-b-dB. b-e-a-f-c-dC. f-d-e-c-b-aD. b-f-c-d-e-a58. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald .A. had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama.B. was well educated and well off before he served in the armyC. would have completed more works if his wife hadn’t broken downD. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital59. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph .A. Zelda’s personal lifeB. Zelda’s illness and treatmentC. Fitzgerald’s friendship with GrahamD. Fitzgerald’s contributions to the literary worldBForget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions（地区）of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U. S. ,where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）,which had outlawed TV, I in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013——pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant（有意义的）improvement in their reading skills.Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.60. The underlined word “outlawed” in paragraph 2 probably means A. allowedB. bannedC. offeredD. refused61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Americans used to get access to the Internet easily.B. The world’s TV sets will total 150million by 2013.C. 45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.D. Over two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013. 62. The author intends to .A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s livesB. persuade women to become more independentC. encourage people to improve their reading skillsD. introduce the readers some websites such as Google 63. What would be the best title for the passage?A. TV Will Rule the WorldB. TV Will Disturb the WorldC. TV Will Better the WorldD. TV Will Remain in WorldCBusinesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green . However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmentalconsiderations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand. ”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,”Mr. Morrison said. 64. What’s the main idea of th e passage?A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness. 65. The underlined word“inform”in Paragraph 2 probably A. affectB. changeC. disturbD. reject66. According to Harry Morrison, businesses.A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissionsB. should buy carbon allowances for shoppersC. are required to make up for their carbon emissionsD. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere67. We can learn from the passage that businesses A. have a strong desire to reduce costs B. use the same logo in their marketing C. gain advantages by taking early action D. attract more shoppers by storing goodsDColumbus College, 241 Queen Elizabeth Drive, Kowloon CityMemoTo: All StaffFrom: Jalie Mok, Secretary; Sports Development Committee Date: May 20, 2010A week ago, “Sports for Life” programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it. Here is a memo（备忘录）for your reference when you answer the phones. Sports 1；BasketballWe expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from Kwun Tong Sports Park. To cover the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time. There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game. Sports 2: GymWe will be using St. Peter’s Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing this park. First, it is not very busy and crowded before 6:00pm. Second, it has lots of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities, shipping ,jogging , outdoor aerobics（有氧运动），all of which are。
