北大16秋《大学英语3-第五组》在线作业一、阅读理解(共10题，每题2分，共20分)请阅读以下文章，回答文章后的五个小题。
每个小题只有一个最佳选项。
1).As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job. The government has recognized it too, abandoning rules in 2011 that had formerly stopped 16- to 24-year-olds from doing unpaid work while claiming unemployment benefit. But moving from that to forcing them to work without pay in order to collect these benefits has proved a big step.More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s. Keen both to cut the welfare bill and to avoid the depressed future wages that may result from early unemployment, the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work. A key part of it is ensuring that no one gets benefit from the government for long; ministers are keen to avoid what happened after the early-1980s recession (衰退), when unemployment continued in some parts of the country for a long time after the economy began to improve.To help young people into work, ministers had persuaded lots of employers, including bakery chains, bookshops, and supermarkets, to take on unemployed youths, who receive work experience but no pay, with the prospect of a proper job for those who shine. Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme.The idea of getting young adults used to showing up for work is popular with voters: according to a survey published in February, about 60% of people support the program. Equally attractive was the option of compelling them to work: under the existing arrangements youngsters could choose whether or not to accept a place, but if they dropped out after the end of the first week, they stood to lose up to two weeks’ benefits.Yet the scheme has also polarized (两极分化的) opinion: a third of people are consistently opposed. Following a noisy “Right to Work”campaign that accused employers of co-operating secretly with the government in “forced labor”, several firms dropped out of the program. To prevent this from getting worse, Chris Grayling, an employment minister, admitted that young people could leave their work experience at any time without being punished for doing so. This not only halted the flight of employers (for now, at least) but also enabled him to announce that new firms have agreed to take part in the program.1. According to the passage, young people in Britain____.A. are used to showing up for workB. value unpaid work very muchC. are always opposed to unpaid workD. could learn something about job security through unpaid work2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Most voters support the government’s effort to help young people to find work.B. Some people protest against the g overnment’s attempt to force young people to work.C. There are more than one million young people who tookpart in the program.D. There are more than one million young people who are jobless.3. According to the author, the British government is trying to ___ .A. punish young people if they are not cooperating with itB. reform the unemployed youngstersC. avoid the economic slowdownD. reduce welfare spending4. The word “shine” in Paragraph 3 means “___”.A. do wellB. reflect lightC. look happyD. produce light5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Enjoy Work Without PayB. Can Work, Won’t WorkC. Should Work, Shouldn’t PlayD. Hate Work or Love Work2).The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modem art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare.And yet, city life isn't easy. Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing. Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs (损害) our basic mental processes. After spending a fewminutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control. While it's long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that cities actually dullour thinking, sometimes dramatically so.One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life.This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone (里程碑). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, we're crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of Strangers. In recent years, it's become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think.This research is also leading some scientists to dabble (涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain. The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life. The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help.6. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?A. The city inspires talented people.B. The city hurts your brain.C. The city has many pleasures and benefits.D. The city seriously affects the natural balance.7. The word “metropolis” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ___.A. citizenB. natureC. cityD. stress8. People have just come to realize that___.A. human attention is a scarce resourceB. city life can make people very tiredC. the city is an engine of intellectual lifeD. an urban environment is damaging to the brain9. What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly?A. Nature.B. Better treatment.C. Experienced doctors.D. Good medicine.10. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Different aspects (方面) of an urban environment, such as the crowded streets, can lead to an increase in self-control.B. Small changes in urban design, cannot reduce the negative side effects of city life.C. For the first time in history, the earth's population is more urban than rural.D. A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance.二、词汇与结构(共15题，每题2分，共30分)11. We don’t need air conditioning, ______.A. nor can we afford itB. neither can afford itC. nor we can afford itD. neither we can afford it12. “You are too self-centered. It’s high time you ______ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.A. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should realize13. ____ singer and ____ dancer is also good at drawing.A. The; aB. The; theC. A; aD. The; /14. It’s such a difficult problem ________no one can work it out.A. asB. thatC. soD. /15. Don’t smoke in the c lassroom, __________ ?A. do youC. can youD. could you16. William likes to eat out, but he is not ______ about what he eats.A. peculiarB. unusualC. particularD. special17. Their house stands at a hilltop, _____ the Hudson River down below.A. seeingB. viewingC. looking atD. overlooking18. There is not much time left, so I shall tell you about it __________.A. in detailB. in briefC. for shortD. in all19. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. CompareC. While comparingD. Comparing20. On this special occasion I’d like to express my _____ wishes for your future happiness.A. obviousB. sincereC. hopefulD. honest21. ____________ the room than the telephone rang once more.A. Hardly when he enteredB. Hardly he enteredC. No sooner he had enteredD. No sooner had he entered22. My bike is old, _________it is in good condition.A. thereforeB. soC. nevertheless23. The textbook is for the ____ students, not for the beginners.A. foreignB. blindC. advancedD. deaf24. By the end of next month he ____ everything in school.A. will finishB. would have finishedC. finishesD. will have finished25. Sam: I don't drink coffee at all.Frank: _______ .A. So don't IB. I do eitherC. Nor I doD. Neither do I三、改错(共5题，每题2分，共10分)请在以下句子划线部分中，挑出错误的选项。
