英文文献

英文著作文献引用1. According to Smith (2018), the impact of social media on mental health is a growing concern among researchers and healthcare professionals.2. The study by Johnson et al. (2020) found that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness and depression among young adults.3. In their research, Brown and Jones (2019)highlighted the role of social media in exacerbating body image issues and eating disorders among adolescents.4. The findings of a recent survey (Garcia, 2021) suggest that the pressure to present a perfect life on social media can contribute to anxiety and low self-esteem.5. A study by Lee and Wang (2017) revealed that cyberbullying through social media platforms has a detrimental impact on the mental well-being of teenagers.6. In his book "The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains," Carr (2010) discusses the effects of excessive screen time on cognitive abilities and attention span.7. According to a report by the World Health Organization (2018), the use of social media has been linked to an increase in mental health disorders, particularly among young people.8. The research conducted by Taylor et al. (2019) suggests that limiting social media use can lead to improvements in overall well-being and mental health.。

英文文献阅读对科研的帮助一、理解科研前沿英文文献是科研领域的主要交流媒介，通过阅读英文文献，我们可以及时了解国际科研前沿，掌握最新的科研动态和研究成果。

这有助于我们在科研工作中保持敏锐的洞察力和前瞻性，从而更好地把握研究方向和课题选择。

二、拓展知识体系英文文献涵盖了广泛的学科领域和研究方向，通过阅读不同领域的文献，我们可以拓展自己的知识体系，加深对相关领域的理解。

这有助于我们在跨学科的科研项目中更好地整合资源和方法，实现创新性的研究。

三、学习研究方法英文文献中包含了许多先进的研究方法和技巧，通过阅读这些文献，我们可以学习到各种实验设计、数据分析、模型构建等方面的知识和技能。

这有助于我们提高自己的研究水平，优化研究过程，从而提高研究结果的可靠性和科学性。

四、提高英语水平阅读英文文献需要具备一定的英语水平，长期坚持阅读英文文献可以显著提高我们的英语水平。

这对于我们参加国际学术交流、发表高水平的论文以及提高在国际舞台上的竞争力都具有重要意义。

五、启发研究思路通过阅读英文文献，我们可以从中获得启发和灵感，拓展自己的研究思路和视角。

不同的研究成果和方法往往具有共性和可借鉴之处，通过比较和分析，我们可以发现新的研究切入点和创新点。

六、增强学术洞察力通过深入阅读和分析英文文献，我们可以更好地理解学术研究的内在逻辑和规律，增强自己的学术洞察力。

这有助于我们更加准确地评估和判断学术研究的价值和影响，提升自己在学术界的地位和影响力。

七、建立学术网络阅读英文文献的过程中，我们有机会结识来自世界各地的学者和研究人员。

通过与他们交流和合作，我们可以建立广泛的学术网络，为未来的学术研究和职业发展创造更多机会和资源。

八、提升论文写作技巧阅读英文文献不仅可以帮助我们提高英语水平，还能提升我们的论文写作技巧。

通过模仿和学习英文文献中的写作技巧和表达方式，我们可以改进自己的论文写作风格和方法，使自己的论文更加规范、严谨、流畅和具有说服力。

英语论文参考文献精选3篇英语论文参考文献精选1篇英文及其它语种的文献在前，中文文献在后，参照以下标准执行。

期刊论文Bolinger, D. 1965. The atomization of word meaning [J]. Language 41 (4): 555-573.朱永生，2006，名词化、动词化与语法隐喻[J]，《外语教学与研究》(2)：83-90。

论文集论文Bybee, J. 1994. The grammaticization of zero: Asymmetries in tense and aspect systems [A]. In W. Pagliuca (ed.). Perspectives on Grammaticalization [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 235-254.文秋芳，2003a，英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点 [A]。

载文秋芳、王立非(编)，《英语学习策略实证研究》[C]。

西安：陕西师范大学出版社。

255-259。

网上文献Jiang, Yan. 2000. The Tao of verbal communication: An Elementary textbook on pragmatics and discourse analysis [OL]. (accessed 30/04/2006).王岳川，2004，当代传媒中的网络文化与电视批评[OL]， (2005年11月18日读取)。

专著Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language [M]. New York: Holt.吕叔湘、朱德熙，1952，《语法修辞讲话》[M]。

北京：中国青年出版社。

译著Nedjalkov, V. P. (ed.). 1983/1988. Typology of Resultative Constructions, trans. Bernard Comrie [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.赵元任，1968/1980，《中国话的文法》(A Grammar of Spoken Chinese)[M]，丁邦新译。

英文参考文献引用格式有两种：APA格式和MLA格式。

1、APA格式：APA（American Psychological Association）是一种标明参考来源的格式，主要使用在社会科学领域及其他学术准则中，国内很多期刊也是采用的APA格式。

APA文内注的参考文献格式是：“（作者姓氏，发表年份）”。

APA文末的参考文献目录格式是：Reference List, 必须以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号/期数：起止页码】Smith,J.（2006）.The title of the article.The title of Journal,1,101-105。

非期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】Sussan.G.（2002）.What computers can't do.New York:Harp&Row。

2、MLA格式：MLA是美国现代语言协会（Modern Language Association）制定的论文指导格式，多用于人文学科（Liberal Arts）。

MLA文内注的基本格式：“（作者姓氏，文献页码）”。

MLA文末的参考文献目录格式：在MLA格式中称为Works Cited,同样是以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：期刊类：【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】起止页码】Nwezeh,C.E.“The Comparative Approachto Modern African Literature.”Year book of General and Comparative Literature28(1979):22。

非期刊类：【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【发表年份】Winfield,Richard w in Civil Society.Madison:U of Wisconsin P,1995。

一．英文文献格式英文文献格式有两种：APA格式和MLA格式。

1、APA格式：APA（American Psychological Association）是一种标明参考来源的格式，主要使用在社会科学领域及其他学术准则中，国内很多期刊也是采用的APA格式。

APA文内注的参考文献格式是：“（作者姓氏，发表年份）”。

APA文末的参考文献目录格式是：Reference List, 必须以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号/期数：起止页码】Smith,J.（2006）.The title of the article.The title of Journal,1,101-105。

非期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】Sussan.G.（2002）.What computers can't do.New York:Harp&Row。

2、MLA格式：MLA是美国现代语言协会（Modern Language Association）制定的论文指导格式，多用于人文学科（Liberal Arts）。

MLA文内注的基本格式：“（作者姓氏，文献页码）”。

MLA文末的参考文献目录格式：在MLA格式中称为Works Cited,同样是以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：期刊类：【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】起止页码】Nwezeh,C.E.“The Comparative Approachto Modern African Literature.”Year book of General and Comparative Literature 28(1979):22。

非期刊类：【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【发表年份】Winfield,Richard w in Civil Society.Madison:U of Wisconsin P,1995。

英文文献全文翻译全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：LeGuin, Ursula K. (December 18, 2002). "Dancing at the Edge of the World: Thoughts on Words, Women, Places".《世界边缘的舞蹈：关于语言、女性和地方的思考》Introduction:In "Dancing at the Edge of the World," Ursula K. LeGuin explores the intersection of language, women, and places. She writes about the power of words, the role of women in society, and the importance of our connection to the places we inhabit. Through a series of essays, LeGuin invites readers to think critically about these topics and consider how they shape our understanding of the world.Chapter 1: LanguageConclusion:第二篇示例：IntroductionEnglish literature translation is an important field in the study of language and culture. The translation of English literature involves not only the linguistic translation of words or sentences but also the transfer of cultural meaning and emotional resonance. This article will discuss the challenges and techniques of translating English literature, as well as the importance of preserving the original author's voice and style in the translated text.Challenges in translating English literature第三篇示例：Title: The Importance of Translation of Full English TextsTranslation plays a crucial role in bringing different languages and cultures together. More specifically, translating full English texts into different languages allows for access to valuable information and insights that may otherwise be inaccessible to those who do not speak English. In this article, we will explore the importance of translating full English texts and the benefits it brings.第四篇示例：Abstract: This article discusses the importance of translating English literature and the challenges translators face when putting together a full-text translation. It highlights the skills and knowledge needed to accurately convey the meaning and tone of the original text while preserving its cultural and literary nuances. Through a detailed analysis of the translation process, this article emphasizes the crucial role translators play in bridging the gap between languages and making English literature accessible to a global audience.IntroductionEnglish literature is a rich and diverse field encompassing a wide range of genres, styles, and themes. From classic works by Shakespeare and Dickens to contemporary novels by authors like J.K. Rowling and Philip Pullman, English literature offers something for everyone. However, for non-English speakers, accessing and understanding these works can be a challenge. This is where translation comes in.Translation is the process of rendering a text from one language into another, while striving to preserve the original meaning, tone, and style of the original work. Translating afull-length English text requires a deep understanding of both languages, as well as a keen awareness of the cultural andhistorical context in which the work was written. Additionally, translators must possess strong writing skills in order to convey the beauty and complexity of the original text in a new language.Challenges of Full-text TranslationTranslating a full-length English text poses several challenges for translators. One of the most significant challenges is capturing the nuances and subtleties of the original work. English literature is known for its rich and layered language, with intricate wordplay, metaphors, and symbolism that can be difficult to convey in another language. Translators must carefully consider each word and phrase in order to accurately convey the author's intended meaning.Another challenge of full-text translation is maintaining the author's unique voice and style. Each writer has a distinct way of expressing themselves, and a good translator must be able to replicate this voice in the translated text. This requires a deep understanding of the author's writing style, as well as the ability to adapt it to the conventions of the target language.Additionally, translators must be mindful of the cultural and historical context of the original work. English literature is deeply rooted in the history and traditions of the English-speaking world, and translators must be aware of these influences in orderto accurately convey the author's intended message. This requires thorough research and a nuanced understanding of the social, political, and economic factors that shaped the work.Skills and Knowledge RequiredTo successfully translate a full-length English text, translators must possess a wide range of skills and knowledge. First and foremost, translators must be fluent in both the source language (English) and the target language. This includes a strong grasp of grammar, syntax, and vocabulary in both languages, as well as an understanding of the cultural and historical context of the works being translated.Translators must also have a keen eye for detail and a meticulous approach to their work. Every word, sentence, and paragraph must be carefully considered and translated with precision in order to accurately convey the meaning of the original text. This requires strong analytical skills and a deep understanding of the nuances and complexities of language.Furthermore, translators must possess strong writing skills in order to craft a compelling and engaging translation. Translating a full-length English text is not simply a matter of substituting one word for another; it requires creativity, imagination, and a deep appreciation for the beauty of language. Translators mustbe able to capture the rhythm, cadence, and tone of the original work in their translation, while also adapting it to the conventions of the target language.ConclusionIn conclusion, translating a full-length English text is a complex and challenging task that requires a high level of skill, knowledge, and creativity. Translators must possess a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the cultural and historical context of the work being translated. Through their careful and meticulous work, translators play a crucial role in making English literature accessible to a global audience, bridging the gap between languages and cultures. By preserving the beauty and complexity of the original text in their translations, translators enrich our understanding of literature and bring the works of English authors to readers around the world.。

阅读英文文献的技巧
阅读英文文献是学术研究中不可或缺的一部分,以下是一些技巧可以帮助读者更有效地阅读英文文献:
1. 熟悉学术写作格式:英文文献通常采用特定的学术写作格式,如APA、MLA、Chicago等。

在阅读前,先了解这些格式并熟悉它们,这将有助于读者更好地理解文献中的内容。

2. 阅读文献前先搜索:在阅读英文文献之前,先通过学术搜索引擎(如Google Scholar、PubMed等)进行文献搜索,这将有助于读者找到相关的文献,并避免阅读一些不相关的内容。

3. 摘要和关键词阅读:文献的摘要和关键词是读者快速了解文献的主要内
容和贡献的关键信息。

读者应该仔细阅读摘要和关键词,以确定文献是否与自己的研究方向相关。

4. 阅读多个文献:在研究过程中,可能会需要阅读多个文献,每个文献都有
不同的观点和贡献。

因此,读者应该尝试阅读多个文献,以更全面地了解研究领域。

5. 笔记和注释:在阅读文献时,可以使用笔记和注释来记录重要的信息,如
作者、文献来源、时间、主题等。

这将有助于读者更好地理解文献内容,并在以后阅读时进行回顾。

6. 寻求帮助:如果读者在阅读英文文献时遇到困难,可以向导师、同事或其他学者寻求帮助。

他们可以提供有用的建议和指导,帮助读者更好地理解文献内容。

以上是一些阅读英文文献的技巧,读者可以根据自己的研究需要和实际情况选择合适的技巧。

如何查到英文文献全文1.如何进行文献检索我是学自然科学的，平时确实需要不少外文文献，对于自然科学来讲英文文献检索首推Elsevier，Springer等。

虽然这些数据库里面文献已经不算少了。

但是有时还会碰到查不到的文献，而这些文献的数据库我们所在研究所或大学又没有买，怎么办？我基本通过以下向个途径来得到文献。

1．首先在Google 学术搜索里进行搜索，里面一般会搜出来你要找的文献，在Google学术搜索里通常情况会出现“每组几个”等字样,然后进入后，分别点击，里面的其中一个就有可能会下到全文，当然这只是碰运气，不是万能的，因为我常常碰到这种情况，所以也算是得到全文文献的一条途径吧。

可以试一下。

2．如果上面的方法找不到全文，就把文章作者的名字或者文章的title在Google 里搜索（不是Google 学术搜索），用作者的名字来搜索,是因为我发现很多国外作者都喜欢把文章的全文（PDF）直接挂在网上，一般情况下他们会把自己的文章挂在自己的个人主页（home page）上，这样可能也是为了让别的研究者更加了解自己的学术领域，顺便推销自己吧。

这样你就有可能下到你想要的文献的全文了。

甚至可以下到那个作者相近的内容的其它文章。

如果文献是由多个作者写的，第一作者查不到个人主页，就接上面的方法查第二作者，以此类推。

用文章的title来搜索,是因为在国外有的网站上,例如有的国外大学的图书馆可能会把本校一年或近几年的学术成果的Publication的PDF全文献挂在网上,或者在这个大学的ftp上也有可能会有这样类似的全文.这样就很可能会免费下到你想要的全文了.3．如果上面两个方法都没有查到你要的文献，那你就直接写邮件向作者要。

一般情况下作者都喜欢把自己的文献给别人，因为他把这些文献给别人，也相当于在传播他自己的学术思想。

下面是本人向老外作者要文献的一个常用的模板：Dear Professor ×××I am in ××× Institute of ×××, Chinese Academy of Sciences. I am writing to request your assistance. I searchone of your papers:。

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London¡G Leonard Hill Books.48.Wong, C., 2002,“Developing Indicators to Inform Local EconomicDevelopment in England”, Urban Studies , 39¡]10¡^, pp.1833-1863.49.World Economic Forum¡]WEF¡^,2002, Global Competitiveness Report50.¤ý½r·O¡A2001¡A³Ð·sªºªÅ¶¡¡Ð¥ø·~¶°¸s»P°Ï°ìµo®i¡C51. ¥@¬ÉÄvª§¤O¦~³ø¡A2000¡A·ç¤h¬¥®á°ê»ÚºÞ²z¾Ç°|IMD¡C52. ¥ª®m¼w¡B¤×±Ó§g¡A2001¡A°ê®a¬ì§ÞÄvª§¤O«ü¼Ð¤§¬ã¨s¡A¥xÆW¸gÀÙ¬ã¨s°|¡C53. ¦¶¶³ÄP¡AªL¬ü¸©¡A2001¡A±q WEF¥þ²yÄvª§¤O³ø§i¬Ý¥xÆW¤§Ävª§¤O¡C54. ¬IÂE§Ó¡A2000¡A¦a°ÏÄvª§¤O«ü¼ÐÅé¨t«Øºc¤§¬ã¨s¡A¦æ¬F°|°ê®a¬ì¾Ç©e-û·|55. §dÀٵءA1994¡A¥_°ª¨â¥«ª§¿ì¨È¹B¨Æ«áªº¬Ù«ä¡X´Á«Ý³£¥««Ø¥ß¨}µ½ªºÄvª§¾÷¨î¡A°ê®a¬Fµ¦Âù¤ë¥Z¡A²Ä88´Á¡A-¶14-15¡C56. ©P¤å½å¡A1997¡A¦hÅܶq²Î-p¤ÀªR¡C57. ©ó¥®µØ¡B±i¯q¸Û¡A2000¡A¥ÃÄòµo®i«ü¼Ð¡A°ê¥ß¥xÆW¤j¾ÇÀô¹Ò¤uµ{¾Ç¬ã¨s©Ò¡C58. §Å-Z¿K¡A2002¡A°Ï°ì³Ð·s¨t²ÎÆ[ÂI¤U¤¤¥xÆWºë±K¾÷±ñ²£·~³Ð·s¤§¬ã¨s¡AªF®ü¤j¾Ç¤u·~¤uµ{¾Ç¨tºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C59. ©ÐµL¬È¡B¤ý¨qªv¡A2001¡A²£·~Ävª§¤O½×¡A¤W®ü¸gÀÙ¡A-¶27-31¡C60. ªL¨Î¾ì¡A2002¡A¨|¦¨¤¤¤ß¼vÅT¼t°Ó³Ð·s¬¡°Ê¦¨®Ä¤§¬ã¨s¡A¥xÆW¤j¾Ç«Ø¿v»P«°¶m¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C61. «J§B·ì¡A2001¡A³£¥«¸gÀçºÞ²zÁZ®Äµû¶q¨t²Î¤§¬ã¨s¡A°ê¥ß¦¨¥\¤j¾Ç³£¥«-p¹º¾Ç¨tºÓ¤h½×¤å62. ®}¼zªâ¡A1999¡A¥HÆp¥Û¼Ò¦¡«Ø¥ß°ê»Ú´ä¤fÄvª§¤Oµû¦ô·Ç«h¤§¬ã¨s¡A¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¹B¿é»PºÞ²z¾Ç¨tºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C63. ³¯°¶§Ó¡A1994¡A¥i¤Î©Ê»P°Ï°ìµo®i¢w¥H¥xÆW¦a°Ï¦è³¡¹B¿é¨«´Y¬°¨Ò¡A¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç³£¥«-pµe¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C64. ³¯¥¿¨k¡BÃÓ¤j¯Â¡A1998¡A°ê®aÄvª§¤O¡B²£·~Ävª§¤O»P¼t°ÓÁZ®Ä-¨Ì¾Ú¥@¬ÉÄvª§¤O³ø¾É»P PorterÆp¥Û¼Ò¦¡¬°°ò¦¤§¹êÃÒ¬ã¨s¡A¥ø·~ºÞ²z¾Ç³ø¡A43´Á¡A -¶73-106¡C65. ³¯«a¦ì¡A2001¡A«°¥«Ävª§Àu¶Õµû¶q¨t²Î¤§¬ã¨s¡A°ê¥ß¦¨¥\¤j¾Ç¼Æ-p¹º¬ã¨s©Ò³Õ¤h½×¤å¡C66. ³¯¾åÁn¡A2001¡A²£·~Ävª§¤Oªº´ú«×»Pµû¦ô¡A¤W®ü¸gÀÙ¡A-¶45-47¡C67. ³¯Äפå¡A2000¡A¥xÆW¦a°Ï°]¬F¤£§¡»P°Ï°ìµo®i¤§¬ã¨s¡A¥x¥_¤j¾Ç°]¬F¾Ç¨tºÓ¤h¯ZºÓ¤h¾Ç¦ì½×¤å¡C68. ±i¥@¾±¡A2002¡A¦a²z¸s»E¤º¼t°Ó¤§ºôµ¸Ãö«Y¹ï¨äÄvª§¤O¼vÅT¤§¬ã¨s¡Ð·s¦Ë¬ì¾Ç¶é°Ï¤§¹êÃÒ¡A´Â¶§¬ì§Þ¤j¾Ç¥ø·~ºÞ²z¨tºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C³\®Ñ»Ê¡A2000¡A²£·~°ê»ÚÄvª§¤O¤§µo®i¤Î¼vÅT¦]¯À¤ÀªR¡X°ê®aÄvª§¤OÆ[ÂI¡A°ê¥ß¥xÆW¤j¾Ç°Ó¾Ç¬ã¨s©Ò³Õ¤h¾Ç¦ì½×¤å¡C70. ¶À¤åÄå¡A2000¡A³£¥«Ävª§¤O»P»s³y·~¥Í²£¤OÃö«Y¤§¬ã¨s¡A°ê¥ß¬Fªv¤j¾Ç¦a¬F¾Ç¨tºÓ¤h¯ZºÓ¤h¾Ç¦ì½×¤å¡C71. ¶V¾¤©ú¡B§N?©ú¡A2002¡A«°¥«³Ð·s¨t²Î¡C72. ¸â¼wªQ¡A1997¡A¸gÀÙ²Î-p«ü¼Ð--Ý-z¬F©²²Î-p¹ê°È¡AµØ®õ¤å¤Æ¨Æ·~¦³--¤½¥q¡C73. ·¨¬FÀs¡A2001¡A§Þ³N³]¬IªÅ¶¡¤À§G¹ï³Ð·s¦¨®Ä¼vÅT¤§¬ã¨s¡Ð¥H¥xÆW»s³y·~¬°¨Ò¡A¥x¥_¤j¾Ç³£¥«-pµe¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C74. ¾H´]¤å¡A2001¡A¥xÆW¦a°Ï¦a¤èÄvª§¤Oµû¦ô«ü¼Ð«Øºc¤§¬ã¨s¡A»²¤¯¤j¾ÇÀ³¥Î²Î-p¾Ç¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C75. 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拆解论文结构，是一个很好的理解论文，学习论文写作，同时提高逻辑思维和表达的方法。

方法其实很简单，但凡事不能一蹴而就。

但相信勤加练习以后，你一定会觉得看论文、写论文都不再那么那么痛苦。

最后再来复习一遍步骤吧：step 1：找到自己喜欢的文献综述。

step 2：提炼框架。

提取出文献综述中的结构性语句，得到该篇文献综述的框架。

step3：填答案。

根据得到的框架来有目的地查阅文献，提取相关信息，填上答案。

得到初稿。

step4：多选几篇。

重复之前的方法，对其反复拆解、组装，最终得到完全属于自己的litera ture review。

英文文献综述怎么写范文第2篇当我们已经提炼出一篇文献综述的框架，去填每个空的答案就比较容易了。

但因为论文最注重的就是理论支撑。

我们不能随便百度到答案就填上去。

我们在文献综述中引用的一切，都需要在原文中找到依据。

但去看原文实在太累了。

所以建议的方法是：先在知乎、Quora、学术论坛或者相关好懂的文献综述，看看他们是如何引用这篇paper，评价这篇paper的。

看完之后你的心里就已经有底了。

那么我们需要做的也很简单：1. 翻到相关部分2. 关键词定位 (快速找到答案）3. 同义词替换 (降重)文献综述是一种通过对已有文献进行梳理、分析和评价的方法，以形成系统性的综合性文献报告，探讨某个问题的现状、发展趋势以及未来研究方向的方法。

那么如何写优秀的文献综述呢？下面从几个角度为大家介绍。

1.明确研究目的和问题在写文献综述之前，先要明确自己的研究目的和问题，这有助于你在文献中寻找和汇总符合研究方向的文献资料，也能避免收集到不必要的资料浪费时间。

2.合理筛选文献来源3.分类整理文献资料在文献综述的写作过程中，需要将搜集到的文献进行分类整理，例如按照时间、地区、专业领域、研究角度等进行整合，方便后续的分析和总结。

4.分析比较文献中不同观点和研究方法通过对文献的比较和分析，可以了解研究领域发展的趋势、发现未解决的问题和矛盾，并提出自己的新的解决方法，这就需要作家具有较强的综合分析能力。