第53卷第8期表面技术2024年4月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·119·精密与超精密加工轴承内圆轴向超声高速磨削理论建模与试验研究吴金津1,2，王旭1,2,3*，袁巨龙1,2，苑泽伟3，王安静1,2，陈聪1,2（1.浙江工业大学 机械工程学院超精密加工研究中心，杭州 310023；2.新昌浙江工业大学科学技术研究院，浙江 新昌 312500；3.沈阳工业大学 机械工程学院，沈阳 110000）摘要：目的以GCr15材料的6309型轴承内圆为研究对象，探究高转速超声磨削过程中超声辅助振动对磨粒运动轨迹、磨削后表面粗糙度、圆度以及微观形貌的影响规律。
方法基于超声内圆磨削磨粒切削轨迹及超声振幅与砂轮转速对轨迹影响的理论仿真，构建磨削去除量与磨削表面粗糙度的理论模型，通过对轴承内圆进行超声磨削试验，研究高转速（16 000~22 000 r/min）下各工艺参数对内圆表面质量的影响并验证理论粗糙度评价模型。
结果超声振幅的增大使磨粒与内圆接触轨迹变长，但随砂轮转速的提高，磨粒切削轨迹的密集程度也有所下降。
振幅和砂轮转速的增大可使切削去除量增大、粗糙度降低，铬刚玉粒度100#陶瓷结合剂砂轮磨削GCr15轴承内圆后，其表面质量更有优势，单因素下表面质量变化趋势与理论分析结果相一致。
结论在相同磨削参数下，1.5 μm振幅超声磨削可使内圆圆度降至0.92 μm，粗糙度降至130.5 nm，与传统磨削相比，粗糙度最高减小了41.5%，圆度最高减小了52.6%。
在高转速下，各因素按砂轮对磨削后表面质量的影响由大到小的顺序依次为砂轮转速、超声振幅、进给速度，当磨粒线速度超过41.8 m/s、进给速度超过600 mm/min、振幅超过1.5 μm时，表面质量呈下降趋势。
关键词：轴向超声内圆磨削；高速；去除量；磨粒轨迹；表面质量中图分类号：TG580.63+2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2024)08-0119-14DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2024.08.011Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Research on Axial UltrasonicHigh Speed Grinding of Bearing Inner CircleWU Jinjin1,2, WANG Xu1,2,3*, YUAN Julong1,2, YUAN Zewei3, WANG Anjing1,2, CHEN Cong1,2(1. Ultra-precision Machining Center, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023, China; 2. Xinchang Research Institute of ZJUT, Zhejiang Xinchang 312500, China;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110000, China)ABSTRACT: Taking 6309 bearing inner circle of GCr15 material as the research object, the influence law of ultrasonic assisted vibration on abrasive grain motion trajectory, surface roughness, roundness and micro-morphology during high speed ultrasonic grinding was investigated. Based on the theoretical simulation of the abrasive grain cutting trajectory of ultrasonic inner circle grinding and the influence of ultrasonic amplitude and grinding wheel speed on the trajectory, a theoretical model of grinding收稿日期：2023-06-16；修订日期：2023-10-09Received：2023-06-16；Revised：2023-10-09基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51935008，52275467，U20A20293）；浙江省自然科学基金（LY21E050010）Fund：The National Natural Science Foundation of China (51935008, 52275467, U20A20293); Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY21E050010)引文格式：吴金津, 王旭, 袁巨龙, 等. 轴承内圆轴向超声高速磨削理论建模与试验研究[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(8): 119-132.WU Jinjin, WANG Xu, YUAN Julong, et al. Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Research on Axial Ultrasonic High Speed Grinding of Bearing Inner Circle[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(8): 119-132.*通信作者（Corresponding author）·120·表面技术 2024年4月removal and grinding surface roughness was established to analyze the changing trends of surface quality and grinding efficiency during high speed grinding. Through an ultrasonic grinding test on the bearing inner circle, the influence of process parameters on inner circle surface quality at high speed (16 000-22 000 r/min) was studied and the theoretical model was verified. The contact trajectory between the abrasive grain and the inner circle became longer with the increase of the ultrasonic amplitude, but the intensity of the abrasive grain cutting trajectory also decreased with the increase of the grinding wheel speed.The increase of the ultrasonic amplitude and the grinding wheel speed could increase the cutting removal and reduce the roughness. Compared with brown corundum and white corundum with the same parameters, the surface quality of the GCr15 bearing after grinding the inner circle with a chrome corundum 100# ceramic bonding wheel was superior, and the variation trend of surface quality under a single factor was consistent with the theoretical analysis. In conclusion, with the same grinding parameters, ultrasonic grinding with 1.5 μm amplitude can reduce the inner roundness to 0.92 μm and the roughness to 130.5 nm, which can reduce the roughness up to 41.5% and roundness up to 52.6% compared with the traditional grinding with the same parameters. Through the orthogonal test, it is concluded that the factors that have a great influence on the surface quality after grinding at high speed of the grinding wheel are as follows: grinding wheel speed, ultrasonic amplitude, feed speed.The optimal grinding process for this research object at high speed is as follows: grinding wheel speed 20 000 r/min, radial feed speed 600 mm/min, axial amplitude 1.5 μm, workpiece rotation 250 r/min, grinding depth 20 μm. Based on the optimal process obtained by orthogonal test, single factor tests are carried out on grinding wheel speed, ultrasonic amplitude and feed speed.According to the decline percentage of the single factor tests, the improvement effect of ultrasonic grinding on surface quality increases with the increase of grinding wheel speed when the speed is less than 20 000 r/min, and decreases with the increase of rotating speed when the speed is more than 20 000 r/min. When the radial feed speed of the workpiece is less than 600 mm/min, the improvement effect of ultrasonic grinding on the surface quality increases with the increase of the feed speed, and decreases with the increase of the feed speed when the radial feed speed is more than 600 mm/min. When the axial ultrasonic amplitude is applied to 6 μm, a sinusoidal vibration pattern will appear on the surface after grinding and the grinding effect will be weakened, while the uniform surface texture after 1.5 μm grinding can effectively reduce the cracks caused by high speed grinding.KEY WORDS: axial ultrasonic inner circle grinding; high speed; removal amount; abrasive trajectory; surface quality轴承是机械装备的核心基础零部件，其技术水平代表了一个国家的工业水平[1]。
![二元超声振动辅助磨削工件表面的仿真方法[发明专利]](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/2b1649469a6648d7c1c708a1284ac850ad0204b9.png)
