课文翻译 英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本 第五版 端木义万 Lesson 7

Lesson 20 East Versus West东西方观念和思维的差异classmates chime in.同学插话。

That kind of collectivism confirms the commonly held belief that learning by organic induction is more effective than rote memorization.这种集体主义证实了有机归纳学习比死记硬背更有效的普遍信念。

Why do you find, in a music conservatory, a lot of Asian would-be concert pianists but comparatively few Asian opera-singers-in-training?为什么在音乐学院会有很多想成为钢琴家的亚洲人，而受训的亚洲歌剧演员却相对较少?There's a physical limit to how many hours a day a person can sing, Nisbett says, but not to how many hours one can practice sonatas.尼斯贝特说，一个人每天唱歌的时间有生理上的限制，但练习奏鸣曲的时间没有生理上的限制。

He attributes these differences to history.他将这些差异归因于历史。

East Asian agriculture was a communal venture in which tasks like irrigation and crop rotation had citizens acting in concert.东亚农业是一种公共事业，其中灌溉和作物轮作等任务需要公民协同行动。

In contrast, Western food production led to more lone-operator farmers and herdsmen. 相比之下，西方食品生产导致了更多的孤独的农民和牧民。

第13篇乔治亚州简单生活的写照乡村生活在Hollywood电影中经常是理想化和浪漫化的。

Harry Crews,一位美国作家，在此讲述一个不同的故事。

夹杂了苦恼、幽默和深思熟虑的粗矿的风格，Crews的这篇文章展示了乡村生活不为人知的残酷、悲哀和痛苦的一面。

就在Hollywood电影总是不停地展现乡村人们的微笑时，Crews愿与他的读者看一看内里的本质。

不久之前，我和我12岁的儿子去看一部Disney电影，类似于讲述一个贫穷但诚实劳动的农场家庭，在那里主角遭受饥饿并辛苦地工作。

那些饥饿和苦活似乎充满乐趣（for the hell of it，好玩；找乐趣）。

那贫困最终会有回报，并且是远非你所能经受得住的。

那农场充满暖暖的，毛茸茸的，有毛皮的，鼻子湿湿的动物：牛驴狗都象人一样对待。

在这里到处都有那么一点点苦痛，但只是刚好为了让我们全部都学到重要的道理。

它有时甚至使我们落泪，但不是真正的眼泪，因为这只是作为在故事中段，那个家庭为了生存不知在哪里从土里刨食的证明，而事实上情况并不是太坏。

有人总是轻抚那些胖嘟嘟的小动物，轻声对它们说话，仿佛他们饲养这些动物是有各种难以莫名的理由，但决不是将它们阉割，屠杀，剥皮和吃掉的。

毕竟，他们是朋友。

如果有人生病，他要跳上一部老式并发出噪声却值得信赖的小货车，开往城镇，那里有一个好心的医生会马上迎接你进入他的office，并通过检查喉咙，让他说声Ah来作出快速有效的治疗。

从来不会提到付款的事。

当我儿子和我走出电影院，在阳光下眨眼时，我突然想到Disney和其它的——那些把你带到如The Waltons,或者The Little House on the Prairie的人们——不仅设法把这种奇怪的贫穷现象和乡村生活推销给郊区居民（尽管这些郊区居民已经以麦芽球和爆米花把自己喂得饱饱的）并且推销给全个南部小城镇的人们，他们有着相反的日常生活的证据。

全部都是幻想。

现在幻想无任何过错。

课⽂翻译英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本第五版端⽊义万Lesson7Lesson 7 ：Cities and Suburbs Are Trading Places远程办公Young Singles, Other ‘Non-Families’ Taking Over Outer Areas, Study Shows研究显⽰，单⾝青年和其他“⾮家庭成员”占据了周边地区By D’Vera Cohn.A role reversal between cities and suburbs is rewriting a demographic script that has dominated American life for decades.城市和郊区之间的⾓⾊转换正在改写⼏⼗年来主导美国⽣活的⼈⼝统计学脚本。

Young singles, elderly widows and other such “non-family households”now outnumber married-with-children homes in the nation’s suburbs, creating changes in demand for housing, entertainment and services in the communities where most Americans live.在美国的郊区，年轻的单⾝⼈⼠、年⽼的寡妇和其他类似的“⽆家庭家庭”现在的数量超过了结婚带孩⼦的家庭，这就改变了⼤多数美国⼈居住的社区对住房、娱乐和服务的需求。

At the same time, the married-with-children families often thought of as typically suburban are increasing in many growing cities of the South and West, according to a study based on the 2000 Census to be released today by the Brookings Institution.与此同时，布鲁⾦斯学会(Brookings Institution)今天发布的⼀项基于2000年⼈⼝普查的研究显⽰，在美国南部和西部许多发展中城市，通常被认为是典型的郊区已婚带孩⼦家庭的⼈数正在增加。

1.George Washington1. I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its Chief Magistrate. 我再度奉祖国人民的召唤，履行总统职责。

When the occasion proper for it shall arrive, I shall endeavor to express the high sense I entertain 当今天这样一个合适的机会到来之际，我必须设法将这种激动的心情表达出来。

of this distinguished honor, 这份殊荣，and of the confidence which has been reposed in me by the people of United America.以及全体美国人民寄予我的信任，使我不禁心潮澎湃。

2. Previous to the execution of any official act of the President 总统在正式行使职权之前，the Constitution requires an oath of office. 根据宪法的要求，应当进行就职宣誓。

This oath I am now about to take,在此，我谨立下以下誓言and in your presence: 当着各位的面：That if it shall be found during my administration of the Government在我执掌政府期间，I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the injunctions thereof, 倘若发现有任何企图或故意触犯法律的行为，I may (besides incurring constitutional punishment除了承受宪法的惩处之外，) be subject to the upbraidings of all who are now witnesses of the present solemn ceremony.我还甘愿接受今天所有亲临这一庄严仪式的人们的谴责。

The Story of a Corporation公司传奇Campbell Soup Company is one of the largest manufacturers of prepared foods, especially canned soups,canned spaghetti, and blended vegetable juice. The following is its story.金宝汤公司是最大的生产即时食物的公司之一，尤其是灌装汤，意大利面罐头和混合蔬菜汁，以下就是这个故事。

In 1869, Ulysses S. Grant was sworn into the Presidency and the last stake was driven into the transcontinental railroad. That same year, two men— a fruit merchant named Joseph Campbell and an icebox manufacturer named Abraham Anderson — shook hands in Camden, New Jersey, to form a business that would one day become one of the most recognized in the world and serve as a symbol of Americana: Campbell Soup Company. Originally called the Joseph A. Campbell Preserve Company, the business produced canned tomatoes, vegetables, jellies, soups, condiments, and minced meats. In 1897, a major milestone occurred when Arthur Dorrance, the general manager of the company, reluctantly hired his 24-year-old nephew to join the company. Dr. John T. Dorrance, a chemist who had trained in Europe, was so determined to join Campbell that he agreed to pay for laboratory equipment out of his own pocket and accept a token salary of just $7.50 per week.1869年，格兰特•尤利西兹宣布就职总统，横穿大陆的铁路通车。

美英报刊文章阅读第五版课后答案端木义万No ideal may be held more sacred in America, or be more coveted by others,than the principle of individual freedom.在美国，没有什么理想比个人自由原则更神圣，也没有什么理想比个人自由原则更令人垂涎。

Given the chance to pursue the heart's desires, our Utopian vision claims, each of ushas the ability and the right to make our dreams come true.我们乌托邦式的愿景宣称，只要有机会去追求内心的渴望，我们每个人都有能力和权利去实现自己的梦想。

This extraordinary individualism has prevailed as the core doctrine of the New Worldthrough four centuries, bringing with it an unrelenting pressure to prove one's self.四个世纪以来，这种非凡的个人主义一直是新世界的核心信条，随之而来的是证明自我的无情压力。

The self-made man has been America's durable icon, whether personified by theprairie homesteader or the high-tech entrepreneur.'白手起家的人是美国经久不衰的偶像，无论是草原上的农场主还是高科技企业家都是他们的化身。

”Yet, from the beginning,the idea of a community of rugged individualists struckmany as an oxymoron. In the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville warned that the tendencyof Americans to do their own thing could very likely doom the country. 然而，从一开始，由粗犷的个人主义者组成的社会这个想法就给许多人以矛盾的感觉。

英美报刊阅读教程端木义万英文版In today's digital age, reading newspapers and magazines from English-speaking countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom can be a great way to improve your language skills. Not only will you be exposed to authentic English language usage, but you will also gain valuable insights into the culture, politics, and current events of these countries.One of the first things to keep in mind when reading English-language newspapers and magazines is to choose publications that cater to your interests. Whether you are interested in politics, sports, fashion, or entertainment, there is a publication out there for you. By reading about topics that interest you, you will be more motivated to continue reading and will be more likely to retain the information you learn.Another important tip is to not get discouraged by unfamiliar vocabulary. Instead of looking up every word you don't know, try to infer the meaning from the context. This will not only improve your reading comprehension skills but also help you become a more fluent reader.Additionally, try to read a variety of publications from different regions in the United States and the United Kingdom. This will expose you to different dialects, slang, and cultural references, helping you become a more well-rounded English speaker.By following these tips and regularly reading English-language newspapers and magazines, you will not only improve your language skills but also gain a deeper understanding of English-speaking cultures.英美报刊阅读教程在今天的数字时代，阅读来自英语国家如美国和英国的报纸和杂志是提高语言能力的好方法。

Lesson 8 Seeing the Back of the Car汽车文化“I’LL love and protect this car until death do us part,” says Toad, a 17-year-old loser whose life is briefly transformed by a “super fine” 1958 Chevy Impala in “American Graffiti”.一名17岁的失败者，图德说，“我将会爱护这辆车并且保护它，一直到死亡把我们分开为止”，他的生活由于“美国风情画”中的一辆1958年的超精细雪佛兰羚羊而完全改变了。

The film follows him, his friends and their vehicles through a late summer night in early 1960s California: cruising the main drag, racing on the back streets and necking in back seats of machines which embody not just speed, prosperity and freedom but also adulthood, status and sex.这部电影带着他，他的朋友们和他们的车穿越到了二十世纪六十年代加州，一个夏天的夜晚：快而平衡地穿过那里的主要街道，在破旧的街巷中飙车，在汽车后座位上拥吻，这辆车体现的不仅仅是速度，财富和自由，还有成年的宣告，社会地位和性关系的成熟。

The movie was set in an age when owning wheels was a norm deeply desired and newly achievable.当时这部电影的制作背景是----拥有辆车的深深渴望和它代表的一种新型的成就。

英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本第五版端木义万Lesson19ItsaGlad,Sad,MadWorldLesson 19 It's a Glad, Sad, Mad WorldWhere you live, as much a show you live, is a key influence on the feel-good factor1By Walter Kirn1.It' s almost impossible for most people in well-off countries to begin to understand how it feels to live in the extreme poverty of Calcutta2, surviving in India's third largest city in a shack, or on the street with little access to clean water,food or health care. The filth. The crowds. The disease. From the perspective of the comfortably housed and amply fed, these conditions sound hopeless, and the suffering they must breed seems unimaginable.2.But not as unimaginable as this: according to a researcher who employs a method of ranking human happiness on a scale of 1 to 7, poor Calcuttans score about a 4, meaning they' reslightly more happy than not. And that' s certainly happier than one might expect. The assumption behind this finding, of course, is that happiness, like Olympic figure skating, can really be scored numerically at all and that the judges who score it don' t even need to come from the same countries or speak the same languages as the people they' re judging.3.Robert Biswas-Diener, has worked extensively with his father, the noted University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener, to evaluate what they term the Subjective Well-Being(SWB)3 of people around the globe, from Masai warriors in East Africa to Inughuit hunters in Northern Greenland, inviting them to answer questions about their moods and outlook. The results have led them to one sweeping conclusion: human beings, no matterwhere they live, and almost without regard to how they live, are, in the elder Diener' s words,"preset to be happy."44.He thinks of this predilection as a "gift" bestowed on people by evolution that helpsus adapt and flourish even in fairly trying circumstances.5 But there are other theories. Maybe, he says, we're "socialized" to be happy, "in order to facilitate smooth social functioning."6Whatever the reasons for this gift, however, its benefits don' t seem to beevenly distributed around the globe./doc/7f6202157.html,tin Americans, for example, are among the happiest people in the world, according to study after study. A survey of college students in the mid-1990s compared so-called national differences in positivity and ranked Puerto Rico, Colombia and Spainas the three most cheerful locales. This may surprise those who equate happiness with flat-screen TVs and ice-cube-dispensing refrigerator doors. But not to Ed Diener. For him, the high spirits of the relatively poor Puerto Ricans and Colombians stem from a "positivity tendency" that"may be rooted in cultural norms regarding the value of believing in aspects of life in general to be good." 7 Translation: Latin Americans are happier because they look on the sunny side of life.6.That tendency does not seem to be popular in East Asia. Among the bottom five in the study are Japan, China and South Korea, the outliers of unhappiness. "We have found that East Asians tend to weight the worst areas of their lives when computing their life satisfaction8," Diener reports.7.That may be a reflection of a difference in cultural expectation, says Shinobu Kitayama, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, who does research on the connection between culture and well-being. "While Americans seehappiness as a goal. Self-esteern is very important to them. But Asians, from the beginning of life,are trained to focus on the negative aspects of themselves." That extends to Asians' view of happiness itself, which Kitayama sees as surprisingly dialectic. He recently asked American and Japanese college students to describe the positive and negative aspects of happiness. The American students could only see happiness as a pure good, while the Japanese students repeatedly pointed out the potential drawbacks to happiness—the way personal success, for instance, could invite envy. That might be part of the fun for your average American freshman, but Asians often see little value in personal happiness that upsets family or group harmony. "Asian happiness is much more social than personal," says Kitayama. When asked to estimate their happiness in surveys, Asians might naturally underrate themselves for that reason, and it's not clear whether the yactually feel unhappy or whether they are just moderating their responses.9Ultimately personal happiness may simply not be what many Asians are searching for.8.But that may be changing.Over the past 50 years, Asia has undergone a wrenching crash course in economic and political modernization.10 A wealth of new possibilities are now available to Asians across the region, yet many of those choices—what to buy, where to work, whom to marry— come into direct conflict with the old interdependent values still held by society or by their families. "There is enormous stress in these transitional cultures11,"says Aaron Ahuvia, a professor of marketing at Michigan. The result can be a kind of cognitive dissonance that leaves Asians individually freer but perhapsless happy, at least in the short run.129.If the developing-world Colombians are happy mostlybecause they really like to be and the developed-world Japanese are not so happy because, for them, personal happiness isn't part of the plan, it would seem to follow that SWB has little to do with material well-being and a lot do with attitude—at least when it comes to filling out surveys. The planet's happiest souls, as determined by the World Happiness Database'3,compiled by researchers at Rotterdam' s Erasmus University w, are the Danes, the Swiss and the Maltese, all of whom score 8 on a 10-point scale of happiness. Most of Asia, including the Japanese, hover around 6 on this measure, while troubled Pakistan is near the bottom at 4.3.10.Biswas-Diener argues that attitude counts but also notes that highly developed nations, as a group, score consistently high, suggesting that it doesn't hurt a country to pave its highways and disinfect its water supply.15 Democracy, as a measurement for most of the world, is a sure guide to happiness. And there are no superpowers when it comes to happiness. The U.S. is pretty chippy, but in the study of international college students it ranked a contented eighth, tied with Slovenia. It would appear that merely living as if you are No. 1, and running around the world shouting you are No. 1, doesn't mean that you feel like No.1 inside.11.Even Bis was-Diener cautions that national happiness rankings are crude instruments.16 That' s especially true when comparing West with East, cultures where the pursuit of happiness is a national obsession with cultures where, as the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzuput it, "happiness is the absence of the striving for happiness."17Still, if you belong to one of the highest-ranking countries, you willenjoy gazing at the big Scoreboard and speculating aboutthe source of your collective joy. Whereas, if your motherland fares badly18, you might want to consider spending more time in Denmark.From Time, January15, 2005。

Lesson5 Food and Obesity Being fat is be coming the norm for Americans.As it will soon be come in this country, I have seen the future, and it's extra large.By Joan SmithA friend who happens to be both American and a superb cook-his poulet de Bresse en deuil is one of the most memorable dishes I have tast-e-dcalled me a couple of days ago,enthusing about a lecture he had just at ended.The thesis,he said,was that the human body has changed irrevocably over the last quarter of a century and that the physical environment —chairs,beds, airline-sweialltgsradually adapt to accommodate the new shape.It is,of course,in the US, where my friend no longer lives,that this evolutionary experiment is most advanced;for years now, millions of people have been gorging themselves on vast helpings of fast food, with the consequencethat about 60 percent of the population is overweight.According to Greg Critser, author of Fat Land：How Americans Became the Fattest People in the Word, none of this has happened by accident. Critser argues that the challenge to the US food industry in the 1970s was that the population was growing more slowly than the food supply, so people had to be persuaded to change their eating habits. Fast food, invented after the Second World War as an affordable way of getting families to eat together, became a means of selling surplus fat and sugar to the far-from -unwilling masses. This is a social revolution on a grand scale as scarcity, with which most human beings have had to struggle throughout history, has given way to an apparently permanent state of plenty.It may also help to explain why the magician David Blaine, suspended without food in a Perspex box beside Tower Bridge,has such a grip on people's imaginations.In an astonishingly short period of time, starvation has metamorphosed from a threat to a spectacle, and families are turning out en mass eat weekends to see how his hunger strike is going. For the fifth of the British population who are obese, and unused to doing without food for more than a few hours, the notion of someone giving it up for 44 days is unthinkable, some normal-size people have turned up to mock, throwing egg, cooking food and even trying to cut off the water supply to the hung American. Perhaps this is the point, that there are so few starving Americans in the world, which makes his self-imposed ordeal appear ludicrously sel-findulgent.Yet it is possible to take Critser 'arsgument a stage further and suggest that millions of Americans are trapped between two industries, fast food and slimming, which enjoy a cosily symbiotic relationship. Researchby a fast-food chain showed that what customers cared about was neither taster nor quality but portion size; what they have come to expect from food, and what their neighbours are beginning to want as well-obesity has increased by 158 per cent in Mexico in a decade, since fast food outlets began to replace the traditional diet -is a feeling of being stuffed to the gills. Cooking has become a spectator sport, something to watch famous people do on telly, as the populations of affluent countries rely increasingly on supermarket meals and takeaways. For many people, eating has become an addiction rather than a pleasure, and going on a diet merely replaces on morbid habit with another.In the circumstances, it is not really surprising that people are confused and angered by Blaine, whose stunt highlights the disordered relation to eating which has become habitual in Western societies. Far from being an object of derision as his body enters ketosis, the state in which it starts to consume itself, he should logically be the envy of all those individuals who are endlessly trying Atking and other fashionable diets. We are so used to hearing people pay to get hungry, turning the condition of starving Africans into a longed-for luxury. There is somethingshaming about this, and about the extent to which so many people-like Kafka ' shunger artist, who was addicted to starving-have lost control of their appetites.Perhaps the thesis my friend described to me on the phone is correct, and houses and cars and planes will just have to get bigger as the human rac-ethe affluent part of it, that is-continues to inflate itself with empty calories. Bizarrely, being fat is fast becoming the norm for Americans, and even in this country it will soon be people like me(5ft 5in and a paltry nine stone) who are the freaks. I have seen the future, and it extra large.Plain food moves up a classI was supposed to give a talk myself at the weekend, on food and class, but had to pull out becauseof an annoyingly persistent throat virus. I was going to discuss “ eating above your station ” , which is something I learnt to do, like many people ofmy generation, when I went to university. Until then, I had scarcely ever eaten in a restaurant and I had never tried what my family referred to as “ foreign muck macaroni cheesewas too exotic for my parents, who tipped it into the bin when I came home from cookery class with a Pyrex dish full of overcooked pasta and melted cheddar.Food was plain, served on a plate with thick portions of gravy or custard, and the idea of helping yourself from serving dishes seemed the height of sophistication. What strikes me now, looking back on that traditional working-class diet, is that it was unadventurous but it didn ' t do me ant harm. My father grew vegetables, my mothershelled peas and sliced carrots, and I don' trecall anyone in my family being overweight. It ' s hard to eat too much when someone else puts the food on your plate. These days, if a working-class diet can be said to exist, it is surperficially much more cosmopolitan-curries, pizza, the ubiquitous Chinese takeaway-but adapted to satisfy the British appetite for saturated fat, salt and sugar.In a curious reversal, plain food -simple grilled fish with a green salad, such as the wonderful meal I ate in Marbella in the summer -has become the province of the middle class. I am one of those lucky people who changed class at the right time and in the right direction, but the effects of our eating habits-a slender elite, as millions of ordinary people pile on the pounds-suggest that class divisions are as deep as ever.Bring on the euroI was driving back from a health farm the other day when the friend with whom I had just shared three days of massage, facials and Pilates said rather nervously that she wanted to ask me a question. I naturally assumed that she wanted to talk about men, underwear or the least painful way of shaving your legs, as women do when they know each other well, but it turned out to be something far more intimate. Am I, she asked, in favour of joining the euro?Oh God, anything but that. Admitting that you fell no attachment to the pound, and would like to use the euro in Waitrose, is like telling your friends that you have joined a weird sect. I don'tthink people spend much time thinking about Gordon Brown' s five economic tests, but there is a presumption that the British did jolly week to stay out of the eurozone when all those foreigners gave up their currencies almost two years ago. And now we' resupposed to admire the Swedes for resoundingly voting “ No” at the weekend.I don 't think I ' ve ever confessed this in public before, and I suspect I won invited to any smart parties for weeks at the very least. But I really want to join the euro. And since we bothcame out somewhere on the M1-it was a relief, I can tell you-I now know at least one other person who feels the same.。

第1单元课文A自由落体司各特·威克利[1]直到动身的那一天，我才感到告别和真正离家对我所产生的影响，这使我比闹钟预定的时间提前一小时醒来。

这时，我那金色的爱犬米西用湿乎乎肥大的舌头舔了我一下表示问候，这是最后一次了。

以前她那么做时，我讨厌死了，不过那天，我张开双臂把她搂在怀里，深情地慢慢抚摸着她，此时她那悲伤的眼神与我四目相对，她那绸缎般的皮毛摸上去比平常更加柔滑。

当然直到告别那天，我才注意到爱犬的这些特点，这令我更加难舍难离。

[2]一整天都是那样：我突然感到自己将会怀念许多人和事。

我变得多愁善感起来，因为要与那些我早已习以为常的人说再见——那些常到我工作的饭馆里的顾客，那些我好像从来都找不到时间和他们说话的人。

我不得不离开我所有的朋友，还有我总想“某天去认识”的同学。

最重要的是，我将被迫与生我养我的人分别。

[3]突然间，我那些渴望独立和自由的豪言壮语变成了唯一的、可怕的现实。

我曾经说过我了不起，就要上一所名校，现在我开始为这些大话感到了压力。

没什么了不起。

我曾经是那么急不可待地盼望这一天的到来，而现在，这一天终于到来了，却感到自己好像并不想走了。

我想那可能是因为我要到一所离家有六个小时车程的大学去上学的缘故。

[4]在我决定要离家的时候，事实上，我所有的个人问题仿佛都烟消云散了。

我才不在乎呢；反正我要走了。

我要向每个人表明我想走——而且，上帝作证，我整装待发。

然而，这一天到来了，我不知道自己是否真正做好了出发的准备。

[5]老爸和继母要送我去学校，不过，我要首先和妈妈告别。

谁都知道离婚不是件容易的事。

那天早上我和妈妈一起吃了饭，她当时立刻就谈起我过去的一些经历来，还谈到了她自己离家第一年的一些事情，比如零乱的宿舍、腼腆的室友、一些艺术史课。

她讲得那么详细，那么热情，以致于我清楚地感到大学生活会给人留下多么深刻的印象。

后来，我们又谈到了我到学校后可能会发生的事情——与我同住一层的家伙会是什么样，我多么希望上课教室不会在校园的另一侧，我是否会因食用咖啡厅的食品而发胖。

第一课: China’s Growth Poses Opportunity and RiskThreat to U.S. economic might is seen译文中国经济快速增长，既是机遇，也有风险可以看见的（经济发展）直接威胁着美国By keith bradsher1、中国广州：当日本经济力量达到顶峰而于20世纪80年代末要在大阪建机场时，它几乎将所有的外国公司都排除在这个工程外，因而与美国人爆发了七年的贸易战。

2、中国继日本之后，正在作为亚洲升起的一颗(经济发展)新星，现在正在完成它在广州一座大型机场的建设，而广州是中国东南部星罗棋布比较富裕的商业中心之一。

但是中国却另辟蹊径完成了机场的建设工程。

3、美国公司设计了候机楼、空调系统、航班信息系统，一家德国公司设计建造了航站楼的拱形楼顶，一家丹麦公司建造了登机门，一家荷兰公司建造了登机登记处。

一些头戴宽边草帽的妇女挥舞着铁铲和扫把，穿过由新加坡一家公司设计的现代航空交通管指挥制塔。

4、中国提供给跨国公司和外国投资公司的巨大热情已经挽留下来了许多的西方商务官员，因此，十多年以前他们对封闭的日本表示了谴责和排斥（批评），并热情地接纳中国，（因为中国具有）廉价的劳动力和巨大的市场。

5、但是，同样是显而易见的（问题）是，同时中国又拥有巨大的13亿人口和它的军事力量，这就使得它远比日本在八十年代初对美国具有更长周期的经济挑战，一大批商务执行官，经济学家和政府官员如是说。

6、中国的经济仍然是日本经济规模的三分之一，而它潜在的市场规模已经使得中国要想对一些公司说“不”似乎很难了，（因为）当北京政府官员（向他们）提出要在中国建造一些工厂时，（他们）展示出了最新的技术，或者采纳了中国的技术标准。

7、日本实际上已经走出了低工资工业时代，并且在它的很多经济领域已经赶上甚至在某些方面已经超过一些西方的技术水平。

中国在内地拥有巨大的廉价人力资源以及众多落后的工业，（而）这些工业如果仿制西方和日本的制作方法便能够迅速地成长起来。

第一篇它在1967年以美国139年获得100万人，而只有52年再增加1亿美元，返现，10月的一天，之后只有39的间隔年，美国将声称300多万灵魂。

瞬间将被喻为美国的无限活力和独特的生命力的又一象征。

它是这样的，当然。

不过，这也是事实美国已经成长人口普查局已经采取了测量，开始于1790年，当时创始人计数今天纽约市的人口不足4百万的同胞的，大约有一半的人口每天的时间。

最近的增长飙升已经不同凡响。

自2000年以来单，国家已经增加了20万人。

与西欧相比，出生率暴跌，还是日本，其人口萎缩，美国只知道增长，增长，更多的增长。

它现在拥有的第三大人口在世界上，中国和印度之后。

“经济增长是一个问题，我们必须要管理，说：”肯尼思·普鲁伊特，人口普查局前负责人，“但它更易于管理比失去你的人口。

”仔细检查号码，三大趋势出现。

首先是迁移。

由于工业基地东北部和中西部的下降，数以百万计的美国人已经转移到南部和西部，现在家里一半以上的人口和不断增长强劲。

移民是下一个。

在过去的四十年里，移民，主要来自墨西哥和拉丁美洲，已经重塑了国家的民族构成;的最新亿美国人，根据皮尤拉美裔中心的杰弗里·帕塞尔，53％要么是移民或他们的后代。

最后是大肆宣传的婴儿潮一代，现在许多人对退休的风口浪尖。

美国说，非营利性的人口资料局，“越来越大，年龄大了，更加多样化。

”的影响都是巨大而多样，影响美国的文化，政治，和经济性。

一个明显的例子就是对移民问题的辩论狂风暴雨涌动大会。

另：由于人口流动不断，国会选区重划会随之而来，引爆电力的地域平衡。

一个显着的年龄较大的美国也将对政府开支，所有这三个问题提供了新国会产生深远的影响，并太久，一个新总统之前，大量的思考。

THE NEW迁移博伊西，落基山山麓之间爱达荷州坐向东北和大盆地沙漠南，大天空和沙漠尘土飞扬之间，博伊西一直是先锋镇。

在19世纪初，传说，法裔加拿大毛皮捕手来到一个树丛，并惊呼“莱斯布瓦！”- 树林。

第7 课主课文译文WTO 争端解决机制，超国家政府权力的模式世贸组织争端解决机制对国际环保条约的遵约制度起什么样的借鉴作用呢？这是分析学家和决策者合理阐释全球管理体系时所要考虑的一个重要问题。

近年来，在分析国际问题方面运用了比较法律基本原理。

虽然迄今为止并没有取得多大的成果，但这一方法论极有可能发现每个体系中的最佳模式，以供其他系统借鉴。

WTO 争端体系的概述世界贸易组织本身并没有遵约制度；但却有一个争端解决系统。

当一个WTO 成员国政府就某一争端提出投诉而且该投诉政府认为利益正受到另一个成员政府行为的伤害时，争端解决机构才了解到事件。

根据《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》，这应该是因“争端”而引起的“案件”。

因此，仅一次未遵约或与WTO 条约解释不符的指控从技术上来说不属于WTO 争端体系范围。

《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》中几个重要的含义值得注意。

第一，贸易投诉由政府正式提出，而不是由WTO 秘书处或私人个体。

（确实有些政府如美国政府定期应某一私有行业的要求在WTO 提起诉讼，但WTO 并不予以认定审理。

）尽管WTO 有一个详尽的贸易政策审议机制，可能会中止与WTO 不相符合的政府政策，但这一机制与WTO 争端体系毫无关系。

WTO 有一个以国家为中心的争端解决机制，这并不稀奇；它仍然是一个典型的国际协定，包含有国际劳工组织、第11 章中的北美自由贸易协定和人权法庭等非凡的概念。

第二，政府必须明确表明提起诉讼的利害，但对这一永久性要求的解释是不确定的，而且这一要求可能是不可审议的。

投诉政府方不一定非要摆出贸易伤害方面的证据。

第三点，也许是最重要的一点，是争议结果并不纠正不履约行为。

“谅解”中注明争端解决机制的目的是积极解决争端。

接着《谅解》中又指出最好是获得一个与有关WTO 协议相一致的互为接受的解决方案，这当然预示着一个争议的解决可能是不符合WTO 规则的。

香蕉案就是一个未按WTO 规则解决的例子。

Lesson4 Is an Ivy League Diploma Worth It？花钱读常春藤名校值不值？1.如果愿意的话，施瓦茨（Daniel Schwartz）本来是可以去一所常春藤联盟（Ivy League）院校读书的。

他只是认为不值。

2.18 岁的施瓦茨被康奈尔大学（Cornell University）录取了，但他最终却去了纽约市立大学麦考利荣誉学院（City University of New York’s Macaulay Honors College），后者是免费的。

3.施瓦茨说，加上奖学金和贷款的支持，家里原本是可以付得起康奈尔的学费的。

但他想当医生，他觉得医学院是更有价值的一项投资。

私立学校医学院一年的花费动辄就要4 万5 美元。

他说，不值得为了一个本科文凭一年花5 万多美元。

4.助学贷款违约率日益攀升，大量的大学毕业生找不到工作，因此越来越多的学生认定，从一所学费不太贵的学校拿到的学位和从一所精英学校拿到的文凭没什么区别，并且不必背负贷款负担。

5.Robert Pizzo 越来越多的学生选择收费较低的公立大学，或选择住在家里走读以节省住房开支。

美国学生贷款行销协会（Sallie Mae）的一份报告显示，2010 年至2011 学年，家庭年收入10 万美元以上的学生中有近25%选择就读两年制的公立学校，高于上一学年12%的比例。

6.这份报告称，这样的选择意味着，在2010 至2011 学年，各个收入阶层的家庭在大学教育上的花费比上一年少9%，平均支出为21,889 美元，包括现金、贷款、奖学金等。

高收入家庭的大学教育支出降低了18%，平均为25,760 美元。

这份一年一度的报告是在对约1,600 名学生和家长进行问卷调查后完成的。

7.这种做法是有风险的。

顶级大学往往能吸引到那些已经不再去其他学校招聘的公司前来招聘。

在许多招聘者以及研究生院看来，精英学校的文凭还是更有吸引力的。

LESSON 1The top talent in countries around the world have a new suitor: the Chinese government.China has a severe shortage of skilled talent and, in a policy reversal, has decided to open its doors to talent from around the world. This could mean that the brilliant NASA scientists the U.S. laid off, could find new employment — and a new home — in Shanghai or Beijing.Chinese research labs have long had difficulty recruiting qualified workers to perform necessary research and development, and its corporations struggle to find competent managers. The situation will likely get worse as China's high-tech industries grow and it increases its national R&D spending from the present 1.62 percent of GDP, according to the Chinese government, to the planned 2.5 percent by 2020. China's President Hu Jintao, in May 2010, declared talent development a national priority in order to fill the void. The goal is to dramatically increase the education level of China's workforce and to build an innovation economy.China has launched several high-priority programs to encourage skilled Chinese to return home — all in an effort to meet the country's pressing talent demands.One of these programs is the "Thousand Foreign Talents Program." The program's goal is to bring 2,000 experienced engineers, scientists, and other experts of Chinese origin back from the West. The government also announced that it aims to cultivate 100 "strategic entrepreneurs" who can lead Chinese firms getting into the ranks of the world's top 500 countries.Both efforts are running ahead of target according to Dr. Huiyao Wang, the Director General of the Center for China and Globalization and an advisor to the Chinese government. China had recruited more than 1,500 "high quality talents," according to Wang, and 300 returnees had been enrolled in management training courses by August 2011. The courses were conducted by senior ministers. These individuals, while re-learning how to operate successfully within the Chinese system, are expected to serve as a critical catalyst in transforming China's innovation environment in ways that will enhance the country's competitive edge across a range of key, strategic industries.China is getting more ambitious, based on the initial recruitment successes of the returnee program.The Chinese government invited me to attend the International Conference on the "Exchange of Talent" held in Shenzhen on Nov. 5. Vice Premier, Zhang Dejiang launched China's "Thousand Foreign Talents Program," which, for the first time, opens China's doors to skilled foreigners to secure long-term employment in China. The Chinese government announced that it will allow foreign nationals to take senior roles in science and technology sectors and state-owned enterprises. They will also pay foreigners salaries equal to what they can earn at top paying jobs in America. And the government announced that it intends to offer permanentresident-type visas to foreign entrepreneurs.This announcement was front-page news in China, and its importance should not be underestimated in the U.S. where these developments were not widely covered. These programs, which were announced with amazing fanfare, represent a significant break from the traditional "use Chinese" policies and a greater openness to the outside world. Chinese governors and senior officials from across the country participated in the ceremonies, and the Chinese government claimed the conference had 100,000 attendees. The festivities that accompanied this were nothing short of dazzling, with cultural entertainers and acrobats brought in from all over China.Denis Fred Simon, author and Vice-Provost for International Affairs at the University of Oregon was one of the nine foreign experts at the Shenzhen conference. China, said Simon, sees talent as the next big global race for driving competitiveness and innovation. The country is determined to win this race if only to ensure it can complete the goal of transforming its economy. Wang also explained that the Chinese see this new talent pool as the key to moving from a "made in China" orientation to a "created in China" capability. China's future growth, continued Wang, will rely more on the new talent strategy, even as its past successes were built mainly on its population dividend and investment.But sometimes things aren't as rosy as they seem.Some of the returnees have found themselves victims of discrimination and petty jealousy from those who stayed behind. Moreover, they have struggled to re-adapt to China's relationship-oriented culture, which stands in sharp contrast to the performance-oriented culture of the West. Compared to the generally transparent set of rules and decision-making processes that are commonplace in U.S. and European research and university settings, returnees are frequently confounded by the "personalized" ways research proposals are evaluated and research grants are distributed. The reality is that despite the good intentions of the program, the Chinese research environment remains plagued by plagiarism, fraud, and other scandals.There is an even greater challenge, however. Returnees are refusing to make full-time commitments to their new Chinese employers. Many have returned only sporadically, often not meeting the stated residency requirements of the Thousand Talents Program.The best of the Chinese talent pool abroad has not yet chosen to return to China, especially in the science and technology fields, said Simon. Some who were considering returning home, he said, are still watching and waiting as their peers cope with the challenges of returning. Family considerations also pose an important barrier, said Simon, as many Chinese expatriates based overseas would prefer their children to complete their education abroad and not have to suffer through China's "examination hell" prior to college.Discussions with Chinese government leaders in Shenzhen made it clear that Chinese leaders are not satisfied with the level of innovation in the country. I told them that I didn't believe that China could fix this problem merely through returnees. China would need to learn some of the techniques that Indian industry has employed to upgrade its workforce. China's most critical challenge will be to create a more conducive environment for entrepreneurship. Innovation requires risk-taking, breaking existing systems and challenging the norms. Within Hu Jintao's model of a "harmonious" society (what he calls "hexie shehui"), this presents some real challenges.Until China allows and encourages more "out of the box" thinking and behavior, it simply won't innovate, nor will it produce the types of breakthroughproducts top Chinese leaders wish to see coming out of China's research labs and key enterprises.BWCHINESE中文网讯，曾在美国国家航空航天局任职的精英科学家们将在上海或北京安新家。