研究生英语期末考试 选择(缩印版)

1、And medical researchers…。

几个世纪以来，妇女们始终相信一条朴实的真理：腰越细，生活就越好—医学研究者们如今正开始了解这一简单真理背后的复杂的生理机能。

2、Contrary to the notion…. 与腹部脂肪是位于腰部无所事事的惰性软组织这一观念相反,腹部脂肪实际上是一些小的内分泌工厂，会制造一些把信息传送给许多器官的激素。

3、It will be decades…。

医学解开代谢之谜是脂肪的难题尚需数十年。

医生们说，在此期间采取的主要行动是制止腰部变粗.萨瓦德说：“我们每个人都需要放慢让自己体形变得更像苹果的过程。

体形实在不容忽视。

"4、The globe’s… 这个全球最大的在线社交网站拥有逾3.5亿用户，如果把它看成一个国家的话，Facebook…。

的人口仅次于中国和印度.这不是唯一与此行业相关的令人震惊的数据。

5、To skeptics…。

对怀疑论者们而言，所有这些关于社交网站的讨论都预示着另一个互联网泡沫的形成。

他们争论到，即使如Facebook这么大的社交网站也将为赚钱而挣扎，因为变幻无常的网民们不会在一个地方呆很长时间，例子就是MySpace。

MySpace曾经风行一时，而现在只能算是以前的影子。

6、This special…。

这份特别报告将细致地检验这些事情.报告表示，尽管不会每个网站都繁荣，社交网站要比其批评者们认为得要更具生机。

而社交网络技术让欢迎它们的公司受益匪浅，不管这些企业大还是小。

7、As a child…。

. 他回忆起自己孩提时,非常专注地看爷爷做柜子,柜子之精致与简洁,让他惊叹不已。

二战之后，怀着完善自我的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑，但同时他仍传承了家族传统，学了一年木匠。

8、For the first time…。

. 在电子产品领域，既有精湛技术又有卓越设计的公司,这还是头一家。

设计成了品牌。

它唯一的竞争对手是意大利的奥利韦蒂公司。

2024年研究生英语试卷The 2024 Graduate English Test Paper。

Part I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)。

Section A。

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The Importance of Time Management。

Time management is a crucial skill for graduate students, as they often have to juggle multiple responsibilities, such as coursework, research, teaching, and personal commitments. Effective time management can 1)_____ stress, improve productivity, and lead to a better work-life balance. However, many students struggle with managing their time effectively. Here are some tips to help you improve your time management skills.First, it is important to set clear goals and prioritize tasks. Without clear goals, it is easy to get 2)_____ and lose track of time. By setting specific, achievable goals, you can stay focused and avoid wasting time on unimportant activities. In addition, it is essential to prioritize tasks based on their importance and deadlines. This will help you allocate your time and energy 3)_____ and ensure that you meet your deadlines.Second, it is important to eliminate distractions and create a conducive work environment. Distractions, such as social media, 4)_____ phone calls, and noisy environments, can disrupt your concentration and lead to procrastination. By identifying and eliminating these distractions, you can create a productive work environment that 5)_____ you to focus on your tasks and complete them efficiently.Third, it is important to use time management tools, such as calendars, planners, and to-do lists, to organize your tasks and schedule your time effectively. These tools can help you 6)_____ deadlines, plan your daily activities, and track your progress. By using these tools, you can stay organized and ensure that you 7)_____ your tasks on time.In conclusion, time management is a critical skill for graduate students, and it requires 8)_____ and effort to develop. By setting clear goals, prioritizing tasks, eliminating distractions, and using time management tools, you can improve your time management skills and 9)_____ your productivity. With effective time management, you can achieve your academic and personal goals while maintaining a healthy work-life balance.Section B。

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAMFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTSJan. 5th, 2012PART 1: Vocabulary (20%)Directions: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.Mutual endeavor has shaped our world, and mutualism, the belief that individual andcollective well-being is obtainable only by mutual dependence, ______ family life, relationships and society.A. underpinsB. overstatesC. underlinesD. overcomes2. A man of original power can never be ______ within the limits of a single field of interestand activity, nor can he ever be content to bear the marks and use the skill of a single occupation.A. locatedB. liberatedC. committedD. confined3.As a result of technological convergence and progress in digitization, the laboratories ofcomputer technology and consumer electronics firms are ______ in the race for innovation and sophistication.A. searchingB. competingC. interveningD. absorbing4.The degree in which a man ______ his work and gives it the quality of his own mind andspirit is the measure of his success in giving his nature free and full expression.A. demolishesB. standardizesC. individualizesD. abolishes5.In common with other developed economies, Britain has advocated the creation of ahigh-skilled, high-waged economy by ______ the education and skills of its workforce.A. renewingB. overthrowingC. decreasingD. upgrading6.No one on the planet is going to escape the effects of global warming, and for billions theresulting environmental deterioration is going to make life ______ more difficult.A. considerablyB. terminallyC. originallyD. regularly7.Digital television will enable users to access a wide range of new services, such aspay-per-view TV, the downloading of video games or software, or channels ______ in sports or teleshopping.A. interferingB. specializingC. participatingD. consisting8.Earthquakes are immensely destructive, mainly because most cities in regions of highseismic risk are dominated by buildings that are simply not built well enough to ______ the severe ground shaking of a major quake.A. sustainB. withstandC. guaranteeD. inspect9.By giving students access to a new world of information, sparking creativity, and ______rich communication and collaboration across vast distances, computers have long been a powerful tool for education.A. preventingB. disruptingC. facilitatingD. manipulating10.While more and more women are ______ roles as managers, a new study reveals that thesewomen are increasingly turning to the stereotypically more 'male' traits, such as aggression, to get results.A. definingB. assumingC. regardingD. interpreting11.The potential negative effects of violent video games on adolescent antisocial behavior, andyouth violence ______, is a highly debated issue, both in academic circles and among the general public and policy makers.A. on averageB. on purposeC. in particularD. in advance12. A new digital watermarking system not only protects music and media files from onlinepirates but also ensures that the quality for ______ users is as good as it gets.A. unauthorizedB. temporaryC. malicious恶意的故意的D. legitimate13.There is relatively little ______ of opinion and scholarship about whether generationaldifferences exist that are worth taking into consideration in the workplace, colleges, and universities, and other contexts.A. permissionB. minorityC. absenceD. consensus14.Young people‟s worlds have changed in a variety of ways, many of which have a ______ onthe sort of education and training that they demand.A. contactB. bearingC. leadD. stake15.Nowadays graduates in the labor market are expected to be flexible, to direct and steer theirown work as well as that of others, to take responsibility and to mould jobs to make best use of their ______ in the global market economy.A. expectationsB. blundersC. competenciesD. defects16.No gene ration is more at ease with online, collaborative technologies than today‟s youngpeople—“digital natives”, who have grown up in a/n ______ computing environment.A. immersive拟真的B. emergentC. hostileD. rural17.Whereas university research and development departments may once have been the primaryarena for testing new tools and theories, the survey data reveal that corporations now have the ______ in adopting new innovations.A. rightB. edgeC. controlD. license18.Access to technology in school is particularly important ______ increasing disparities intechnology access outside of school.A. in tune withB. in line withC. in need ofD. in light of19.Taking an international overview on anything, in this case the out-of-school education of thegifted and talented, offers ______ which can sometimes cut right across anyone‟s cultural assumptions.A. perspectivesB. prosecutionsC. obligationsD. objections20.Obesity is a national health crisis and if current trends continue, it will soon ______ smokingin the U.S. as the biggest single factor in early death, reduced quality of life and added health care costs.A. distinguishB. modifyC. imitateD. surpassPART 2: Cloze (15%)Directions: In this part of the test, you‟ll read an incomplete passage with 15 blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.One of the greatest assets a manager can have is a happy and satisfied team of employees. However, building such a team is a __21__. Unless you‟re in senior management, you may be limited __22__ the amount of compensation or the promotion opportunities you can provide to your employees. Fortuna tely, these aren‟t the only factors that influence employee job satisfaction, or __23__ the most important.Providing tangible proof to your employees that their efforts are recognized, while often __24__ as secondary to other factors, is still very important. Reasonable employees willunderstand that wage increases do have their limits, __25__ they expect to be adequately compensated. However, other types of incentives, such as bonuses or prizes for the __26__ achievers in key performance categories, can be just as effective.It is crucial that both increases and other monetary incentives be performance __27__. Employees should always receive greater rewards and more recognition when they are giving a higher quality of work. __28__ being fair, of course, it also sends the message that the organization values and recognizes those who __29__ their jobs instead of just doing the bare minimum.The culture and the work environment factor highly into employee job satisfaction. Employees who enjoy being around their coworkers and respect their management team are more __30__ to stay in a job when they agree with the company‟s goals and values.Another major __31__ to job satisfaction is how the employee feels about their role and responsibilities. Studies show __32__ those surveyed about their level of job satisfaction have cited factors such as the desire for __ 33__ in their work, having a variety of tasks to __34__, being properly trained and equipped to do their jobs, and having work that is challenging and requires thought and creativity. Employees looking to __35__ a company will have an interest in their personal development and opportunities for advancement as well.Above all, employees want to feel that both they and their work are valued and appreciated by the company.21. A. blessing B. handicapC. challengeD. failure22 A. in favor of B. in terms ofC. on behalf ofD. on top of23. A. necessarily B. viciouslyC. accuratelyD. collectively24. A. to rank B. being ranked25. C. rankedA. thereforeC. otherwiseD. ranksB. unlessD. but26. A. top B. bottomC. lowD. peak27. A. driving B. driven28. C. countingA. In addition toC. With regard toD. countedB. Regardless ofD. For the sake of29. A. specialize in B. excel atC. draw onD. ward off30. A. subject B. likelyC. contraryD. loyal31. A. advantage B. obstacleC. responseD. contributor32. A. that B. howC. whenD. whether33 A. authorship B. automationC. autonomyD. authority34. A. adopt B. undergoC. performD. supply35. A. depart fromC. interfere in B. confine toD. stay withPart 3: Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 4 passages. After each passage there are 5 questions or unfinished statements followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that can best answer the question or complete the statement, and then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Passage 1It seems only natural that happiness should flow from having more money. Even if they don‟t admit it, people still behave as though it were true. More money means you can have what you want and do what you want. The house you dream of? It‟s yours. The new car you desire? Here are the keys. The freedom to enjoy your favorite pastimes? Here‟s your racket, the court is down there, just past the pool.So the puzzle is this: why do social scientists consistently find only moderate relationships between having more money and being happy? Some have even suggested that this moderate connection might be exaggerated. In reality money might have very little to do with happiness at all. Most puzzling, though, is that people often seem aware at some level that money won‟t make them happy. And yet they continue to work away earning money they don‟t objectively need.First, though, let's look at the three reasons money doesn‟t make us happy:It‟s relative income that‟s important. As I‟ve noted previously, money is relative. It turns out we don‟t mind so much about our actual level of income, so long as we‟re earning more than other people around us. Unfortunately as we earn more money we‟re likely to be surrounded by richer people so we often end up failing to take advantage of the positive comparison.Material goods don‟t make us happy. Acquiring things like houses and cars only have a transient effect on happiness. People‟s desires for material possessions crank up at the same, or greater rate, than their salaries. Again, this means that despite considerably more luxurious possessions, people end up no happier. There‟s even evidence that materialism make us lesshappy.People don‟t shift to enjoyable activities when they are rich. This may be because of …the focusing illusion‟. When people think about earning more money they probably imagine they would use the money on recreational activities. In fact, to earn the money, they have to spend more time at work, and commuting to and from work.These three reasons naturally raise the question of why psychological findings are so out of step with people‟s everyday experience. Surely if money doesn‟t lead to happiness, most people would have worked that out by now. So why do people still chase the mighty dollar/pound/yen like their lives depended on it?Nobel-prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman and colleagues put forward the idea that the reason people continue to think money makes them happier is that chasing it leads to conventional achievements. Conventional achievements include things like getting that coveted promotion or being able to afford that big house - in other words things that say loud and clear: hear I am and this is what I can do.So we end up with this: money doesn't make us happy on a day-to-day basis. Acquiring money and status makes us feel satisfied with life. Through the …focusing illusion‟ we convince ourselves that satisfaction equals happiness. Unfortunately it doesn‟t. Even though we appear to have everything, we are left feeling that something is missing, but are unable to identify what that thing is. That thing is simply this: feeling happy. Right now. In the moment.36. What do social scientists find about money and happiness?A.Money is the final goal of people pursuing happiness.B.Happiness largely depends on the amount of money.C.More money does not necessarily make people happy.D.Money counts most in people‟s feeling of happiness.37. According to the passage, which of the following confuses the author most?A.The scientific findings fail to explain people‟s obsession with pursuing money andhappiness.B.Although happiness loosely correlates with money, people still paradoxically crave forearning more.C.Social scientists cannot reach an agreement on their findings as to the importance ofmoney.D.Awareness of causal relationship between money and happiness weakens people‟sdesire to make money.38. According to the passage, people _____.A.care a lot about their actual level of incomeB.are convinced that people around them earn higher incomepare their income with that of higher earnersD.feel contented when they earn more than others39. Material goods don‟t make us happy because _____.A.we need something permanent to feel happyB.we need psychological and spiritual satisfactionC.people in pursuit of money are despised in societyD.the more money we have, the more we desire40. If money brings little happiness, why do people still chase money?A.Because money and wealth gratify people‟s vanity.B.Because money is the only way to measure people‟s achievement.C.Because people use money to show off their success and social status.D.Because people believe money brings things that reflect their accomplishments.Passage 2As Wal-Mart grew into the world‟s largest retailer, its staff were subjected to a long list of dos and don‟ts covering every aspect of their work. Now the firm has decided that its rules-based culture is too inflexible to cope with the challenges of globalization and technological change, and is trying to instill a “values-based” culture, in whic h employees can be trusted to do the right thing because they know what the firm stands for.“Values” is the latest hot topic in management thinking. PepsiCo has started preaching a creed of “performance with purpose”. Chevron, an oil firm, brands itself as a purveyor of “human energy”, though presumably it does not really want you to travel by rickshaw(人力车). Nearly every big firm claims to be building a more caring and ethical culture.A new study suggests there is less to this than it says on the label. Commissioned by Dov Seidman, boss of LRN, a firm that advises on corporate culture, and author of “How”, a book arguing that the way firms do business matters as much as what they do, and conducted by the Boston Research Group, the “National Governance, Culture and Leadership Assessment” is based on a survey of thousands of American employees, from every rung of the corporate ladder.It found that 43% of those surveyed described their company‟s culture as based on command-and-control, top-down management or leadership by coercion—what Mr. Seidman calls “blind obedience”. The largest category, 54%, saw their employer‟s culture as top-down, but with skilled leadership, lots of rules and a mix of carrots and sticks, which Mr. Seidman calls “informed acquiescence(默许)”. Only 3% fell into the category of “self-governance”, in which everyone is guided by a “set of core principles and values that inspire everyone to align around a company‟s mission”.The study found evidence that such differences matter. Nearly half of those in blind-obedience companies said they had observed unethical behavior in the previous year, compared with around a quarter in the other sorts of firms. Yet only a quarter of those in the blind-obedience firms said they were likely to blow the whistle, compared with over 90% inself-governing firms. Lack of trust may inhibit innovation, too. More than 90% of employees in self-governing firms, and two-thirds in the informed-acquiescence category, agreed that “good ideas are readily adopted by my company”. At blind-obedience firms, fewer than one in five did.Tragicomically (悲喜交加), the study found that bosses often believe their own guff (胡扯), even if their subordinates do not. Bosses are eight times more likely than the average to believe that their organization is self-governing. (The cheery folk in human resources are also much more optimistic than other employees.) Some 27% of bosses believe their employees are inspired by their firm. Alas, only 4% of employees agree. Likewise, 41% of bosses say their firm rewards performance based on values rather than merely on financial results. Only 14% of employees swallow this.41. We can infer that “human energy” in the second paragraph refers to _____.A. a method of generating electricityB.an advanced means of transportationC. a strategy of personnel managementD. a method of evaluating corporate profits42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Most of the big firms in the US imposed rigid rules on their employees.B.Wal-Mart credits its market dominance to its value-based culture.C.The study shows that big firms haven‟t yet built a more caring culture as they say.D.The survey by the Boston Research Group limits its subjects to senior employees.43. Which of the following situations can be classified as “self-governance”?A.Employees hold the most stock shares of a company.B.The labor union has the paramount power in a company.C.Employees willingly do the right thing under the same values.D.Employees are rewarded based on their skills and performance.44. The biggest difference between a blind-obedience company and a self-governance companyis ____.A.the adoption of good ideasB.the occurrence of unethical behaviorC.the cases of blowing the whistleD.the level of productivity45. The main purpose of this passage is to show _____.A.employers and employees usually don‟t feel the same about the corporate cultureB.employers should trust and respect their employeesC.self-governing companies enjoy more advantages than the other two types of companiesD.there is still a long way for companies to truly build a value-based culturePassage 3“To be rooted is perhaps the most important and least recognized need of the human soul,” Simone Weil argued in the mid-twentieth century. Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends”; Second Life mimics real-life places with its homes, offices, and restaurants. What is different about mobile playgrounds is that mobile devices force real life and virtual life (and real places and virtual places) to try to coexist in a way they never have before.We want to see this as a good, enabling thing — I can fire off that e-mail to the office and then get back to relaxing on my vacation! — but it is instructive to go to a playground today: even on a weekend, you will see parents engrossed in their iPhones and BlackBerrys while their children make increasingly loud bids for their attention. The November 2, 2009 cover of The New Yorker sadly and beautifully satirized this trend: it shows an illustration of children out trick-or-treating, basked in the glow of houselights, while their parents bask in the glow of the smart-phones in which they are rapt(全神贯注的). Even our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized by our need to stay connected —and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.And when we decide to leave home entirely, we find it difficult to leave the demands of work behind. Consider the cruise ship industry: every year, more than three million people board a Carnival Cruise ship to take a vacation. They spend a great deal of time eating — and gambling — and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another —one that seems counterintuitive in vacationers eager to get away from it all: staying connected. With their twenty-four-hour Internet cafés, onboard WiFi, and an advertising campaign that features bikini-clad patrons lounging on deck chairs with laptop computers, Carnival Cruise Lines has enthusiastically responded to the demands of patrons who seek an ideal of maritime escape but still want to check their e-mail several times a day.This, too, is the strange new world of leisure: never disconnected, and never really free from the demands of daily life. Notwithstanding all the talk of mobility, we find ourselves tethered in novel ways —not to a hometown, or to a particular social background, but to our devices themselves and the feeling of connection they provide, which we seemingly cannot sit still without.46.According to the first paragraph, what can we learn about MySpace and Second Life?A.They function as real life venues for entertainment.B.They deserve credit for reflecting the human soul.C.As virtual playgrounds, they resemble reality in terms of place.D.Through mobile devices, they represent engagement with society.47.When saying it is instructive to go to a playground today, the author means that ____.A.people‟s indulgence in staying connected can be witnessed thereB.playgrounds are the places for parents and children to spend time togetherC.responsible parents are supposed to engage their children with outdoor activitiesD.smart phones are the culprit for the poor relations between parents and children48.The following statements are TRUE except ____.A.people vacationing on Carnival Cruise ships have access to the Internet todayB.eating and gambling are the exclusive things people can enjoy on cruise shipsC.Carnival Cruise Lines cater to vacationers‟ demands to stay in contact with othersD.people‟s desire to remain connected makes it difficult for them to escape from work49.The word “tethered” in Line 2 of the last paragraph probably means ____.A.disconnectedB. confinedC. immuneD. indifferent50.This passage is intended to ____.A.analyze the various reasons for humans to settle downB.advocate the necessity of virtual connection in leisure timeC.enumerate the enormous benefits of mobile devices for work and lifeD.highlight the transformation of mobility through ubiquitous connectionPassage 4State environmental officials are proposing a new set of rules that would give automobile manufacturers three years to start selling zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) that — for all practical purposes — do not yet exist. The state Department of Environmental Quality has released draft rules mandating that 11 percent of all automobiles sold in Arizona beginning with the 2011 model year have zero emissions. That would increase to 16 percent by 2018 and beyond.However, there are opposing opinions which claim that replacing conventional cars with electric vehicles will expose people to dangerous levels of lead, according to industry and environmental groups. A research led by three professors from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh suggests that an electric car powered by lead-acid batteries will “release 60 times more lead per kilometer of use” than an “equivalent car burning leaded gasoline”. But critics argue that the researchers have used unrealistic assumptions.Releases of lead to the environment are now tightly controlled because of the metal‟s toxicity since the 1970s, when leaded petrol began to be removed in the US, levels of lead in the blood of American children have dropped. But economist Lester Lave and engineers Chris Hendrickson and Francis McMichael worry that mass production of lead-acid batteries for electric cars might reverse that trend.Reaction to this suggestion has been hostile, however. “I think they‟ve missed the point completely,” says John Rodman of the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs. He says the benefits of reducing pollution from traffic in cities will far exceed the risks of small increases in lead releases. Michael Weistein of Electro Source in Austin, Texas, a developer of advanced lead-acid batteries, complains that is “misleading scare tactics”.The research result, published in the latest edition of Science, comes as American car makers are being forced to produce “zero-emission vehicles” starting in 2000. The plan was originally designed to reduce airborne pollution in California, and Massachusetts and New York have since followed suit. While car company engineers are designing ZEVs, their top executives are fighting the mandates being imposed on them.The Carnegie-Mellon researchers estimated the amount of lead needed to power ZEVs and how much would be released in mining, battery manufacture and recycling. But critics complain that the team's 1378 kilogram figure for the weight of batteries needed in a ZEV is a serious overestimate. General Motors‟ small electric car, called the Impact, weighs 132 kilograms in total and carries only 522 kilograms of batteries. Lave says he had too little performance data to use the impact as a baseline.51. What are the research findings published by the professors from Carnegie-MellonUniversity?A.Conventional cars burning leaded gasoline are more dangerous than electric cars.B.Mass production of lead-acid batteries will seriously affect American children‟s health.C.The wide use of electric cars powered by batteries will increase lead releases to theatmosphere.D.Replacing conventional cars with ZEV will be very dangerous.52. By "that trend"(Line 5, Para.3) the author refers to _____.A.the drop of the lead level in the blood of American childrenB.the replacement of conventional cars with electric carsC.the control of the releases of lead to the environmentD.the ban on the use of leaded petrol53. Which of the following statements best expresses the viewpoints of John Rodman?A.He is opposed to the mass production of lead-acid batteries for electric cars.B.He believes the advantages of ZEV outweigh its disadvantages.C.He thinks the increase in lead releases will be exceedingly risky.D.He supposes the only benefit of ZEV is to reduce pollution in cities.54. The American car makers' attitude towards the ZEV mandates is _____.A. suspiciousB. scaredC. confidentD. displeased55. According to the Carnegie-Mellon team research, which of the following is NOT the reasonfor the increasing amount of lead needed in a ZEV?A.Production of lead-acid batteries.B. Weight of batteries.C. Leaded petrol.D. Mining of lead.Part 4: Translation (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. And then write your translation in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.We are living in the middle of a revolution in consciousness. Over the past few decades, geneticists, neuroscientists, psychologists, sociologists, economists, and others have made great strides in understanding the inner working of the human mind. Far from being dryly materialistic, their work illuminates the rich underwater world where character is formed and wisdom grows. They are giving us a better grasp of emotions, intuitions, biases, longings, predispositions, character traits, and social bonding, precisely those things about which our culture has least to say. 我们在生活中的革命意识。

研究生试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. FactD. Factoid2. In the sentence "She is adept at playing the piano," the word "adept" means:A. SkilledB. ClumsyC. IndifferentD. Inexperienced3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a narrative?A. Chronological orderB. Subjective interpretationC. Detailed descriptionD. Linear progression4. The phrase "to break the ice" is used to describe:A. Initiating a conversationB. Cooling a drinkC. Freezing a lakeD. Shattering a mirror5. The term "symbiosis" refers to a relationship between two organisms that is:A. Mutually beneficialB. CompetitiveC. ParasiticD. Predation6. The word "altruism" is associated with:A. SelfishnessB. GenerosityC. GreedD. Envy7. In the context of literature, "allegory" is a figure of speech that:A. Compares two things directlyB. Uses symbolism to represent abstract ideasC. Describes a real eventD. Provides a literal translation8. The phrase "to go the extra mile" means to:A. Travel an additional distanceB. Exceed expectationsC. Take a breakD. Avoid a task9. The word "pragmatic" is often used to describe someone who is:A. IdealisticB. Practical and realisticC. EmotionalD. Dogmatic10. In the sentence "The company is going to scale back its operations," the term "scale back" means:A. ExpandB. ReduceC. RelocateD. Reorganize二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The opposite of "optimistic" is __________.12. "Ecology" is the branch of biology concerned with the relationships between __________ and their environments.13. The word "paradox" refers to a statement that despite sounding reasonable leads to a conclusion that seems__________.14. "Democracy" is a system of government where __________ have the authority to choose their governing legislation. 15. "Empathy" is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, which is the opposite of __________. 16. "Eloquence" is the quality of expressing oneself fluently and __________.17. "Hypocrisy" is the practice of claiming to have__________ or moral standards that one does not actually possess.18. "Inertia" in physics refers to the property of matter by which it remains at rest or in __________ motion unless acted upon by an external force.19. "Juxtaposition" is the act of placing two or more elements, subjects, or __________ close together or side byside.20. "Kaleidoscope" is an optical instrument that produces symmetrical patterns of __________ colors.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:In recent years, the concept of a "green economy" has gained traction globally. It is an economic system aimed at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. The green economy seeks to improve human well-being and social equity while significantly reducing the environmental pressures of cities, industry, and agriculture. It is not simply about planting more trees or recycling; it encompasses a fundamental shift in the way we produce and consume goods and services.Questions:21. What is the primary goal of a green economy?A. Reducing environmental risksB. Improving social equityC. Enhancing human well-beingD. All of the above22. According to the passage, what is NOT a characteristic ofa green economy?A. Planting more treesB. Reducing ecological scarcitiesC. Fundamental shift in production and consumptionD. Recycling23. The term "green economy" is associated with which of the following?A. Economic growth at any costB. Environmental sustainabilityC. Ignoring social equityD. Unregulated industrial expansion24. What does the passage suggest about the scope of a green economy?A. It is limited to urban areasB. It applies to cities, industry, and agricultureC. It is only concerned with individual consumer choices。

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试选择题(附参考答案)2022年挑选题21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and weinterpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the nationaleconomic development as a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages atleast in the short run, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of privatebenefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry withme because I won’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down otherspending or dip into funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closerdistance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being_______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually______ theirmothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through oursociety, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everythingfrom the family---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s reallyliving on easy street.” A. siblings B. soberings C. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment______ andeconomic development throughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the timewomen spent gathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a(an)_______ smile. An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. Ididn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it wasirreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD.inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levelsbecome more conscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancientcivilization in the town is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Ch inese includes something unhappy. At funerals,Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white.In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, theywill firstly try to understand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively beingcarried along out of inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionKey：21-30 B D C A B D C A C B31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B2022挑选题21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into default and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into def ault and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen27. Margate is sure that the scientific and technological ________ that has been dev eloped is real and extremely valuable.A. synergyB. formationC. energyD. match28. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ________ in evaluating relative deprivation.A. terminationB. removalC. provisionD. tenure29. Are you sure that my staying here won?t be an/a ________ into your domestic af fairs?A. intentionB. troubleC. threatD. intrusion30. She remained there until last night when an ambulance took her to ________ wi th a family in nearby Newton.A. discoverB. revitalizeC. recuperateD. reformulate31. Sunlight streamed into the church and through the stained glass windows, and a smell of grass and flowers ________ the air.A. flowedB. permeatedC. penetratedD. indulged32. Loss of license contact is a real ________ to potential traders in smuggled cigare ttes.A. deterrentB. detailC. detainD. determine33. As these problems multiply and ________ resources, the range of options availa ble to the organization increasingly narrows.A. depleteB. decreaseC. lessenD. formulate34. For years, frequent flooding eventually ________ all traces of the community tha t used to live there.A. killedB. releasedC. obliteratedD. measured35. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds ________ for Social Security.A. remarkedB. earmarkedC. reboundD. reduced36. Members of extreme right wing parties are completely opposed to the ________ of blacks into white South African society.A. combinationB. formulationC. integrationD. segregation37. Nevertheless, to conceive of parents as utterly static in the child?s psychologic al life is likely to become the ________ of the picture grossly.A. distortionB. reflectionC. representationD. confusion38. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendat ions to help the ________ of debt problems afflicting cattle producers.A. involvementB. releaseC. alleviationD. reflection39. The Piscataway school district in New Jersey had to dismiss one high school business teacher because of budgetary _______ both by the government and local a uthorities.A. inflationB. provisionC. concentrationD. constraints40. By setting up such a system yourself, you are potentially________ any security s ystems your company has in place.A. providingB. alleviatingC. promotingD. circumventing41. The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textileimports from Chi na will definitely the bilateral trade in other areas.A. widenB. thwartC. recoverD. complete42. Friction between the generations is ________ when younger staff grasp the new idea and their creativity is suddenly released.A. widenedB. exacerbatedC. recoveredD. competitive43. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is so mehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai”doesn?t have a negative _______ in Chinese.A. positionB. intentionC. extensionD. connotation44. Henry Kissinger was also ________ and frustrated by the让知识带有温度。

1.The largest ever scientific Earth analysis reveals that many of the plane’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade .A. doing well enoughB. progressingC. functioningD. moving in the right direction1.史上最大规模的地球科学分析显示，许多飞机的残骸都来自于地球表面生态系统根本没有达到标准A.做得足够好B.进步。

c .功能D.朝着正确的方向前进。

2. Nearly two- thirds of Earth's life- supporting ecosystems, including clean water,pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.A. preventedB. marked c. determined D. made worse2. 近三分之二的地球生命支持生态系统，包括清洁水。

纯净的空气和稳定的气候正在被不可持续的使用所破坏。

3. They examined the planet's many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together.A. regionsB. dwelling placesC. sheltersD. refuges3.他们研究了这个星球上的许多栖息地、物种和生态系统绑定在一起。

A:地区b .住处c .避难所d .避难所4. Only by valuing all our precious natural and human resources, can we hope to build a sustainable future.A. prosperousB. diverseC.livableD. lasting4. 只有珍惜我们所有宝贵的自然资源和人力资源，我们才能希望建设可持续发展的未来…A.繁荣的b .多样化的C.多样化的宜居的持久。

2024年研究生考试英语试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly2to live shorter lives.This suggests that3bulbs burn longer,that there is an4in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it5out,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is slow6the starting line because it depends on learning-a gradual7-instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to8.Is there an adaptive value to9intelligence?That’s the question behind this new research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistful glance10at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real11of our own intelligence might be.This is12the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would13on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning.we believe that15animals ran the labs,they would test us to16the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20the results are inconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority5.[A]insists on[B]sums up[C]turns out[D]puts forward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply14.[A]by chance[B]in contrast[C]as usual[D]for instance15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with18.[A]Above all[B]After all[C]However[D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D] hostile20.[A]By accident[B]In time[C]So far[D]Better still Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,”William Wordsworth said in the19th century.In the ever-changing21st century,even the word“habit”carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits,we create parallel synaptic paths,and even entirely new brain cells,that can jump our trains of thought onto new,innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus,they’re there to stay.Instead,the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,”says Dawna Markova,author of“The Open Mind”and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners.“But we are taught instead to‘decide,’just as our president calls himself‘the Decider.’”She adds,however,that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,she says. Researchers in the late1960covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(or collaboratively)and innovatively.At puberty,however,the brain shuts down half of that capacity,preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system-that anyone can do anything,”explains M.J.Ryan,author of the2006book“This Year I Will...”and Ms.Markova’s business partner.“That’s a lie that we have perpetuated,and it fosters commonness.Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.21.The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable.22.The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided23.”ruts”(in line one,paragraph3)has closest meaning toA.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections24.Ms.Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing? A,prevents new habits form being formedB,no longer emphasizes commonnessC,maintains the inherent American thinking modelD,complies with the American belief system25.Ryan most probably agree thatA.ideas are born of a relaxing mindB.innovativeness could be taughtC.decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD.curiosity activates creative mindsText2It is a wise father that knows his own child,but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly)wisdom-or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.All he needs to do is shell our$30for paternity testing kit(PTK)at his local drugstore-and another$120 to get the results.More than60,000people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years,according to Doug Fog,chief operating officer of Identigene,which makes the over-the-counter kits.More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public,ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than$2500.Among the most popular:paternity and kinship testing,which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical,“There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,”says Trey Duster,a New York University sociologist.He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage,either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA,which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors,even though,for example,just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or,four generations back,14other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared.Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information fromdifferent research projects.This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results.In addition,the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs1and2,the text shows PTK’s___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C]successful promotion[D]popularity with households27.PTK is used to__________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C]identify parent-child kinship[D]choose children for adoption28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B]rebuild reliable bloodlines[C]fully use genetic information[D]achieve the claimed accuracy29.In the last paragraph,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is__________.[A]disorganized data collection[B]overlapping database building30.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B]DNA testing and It’s problems [C]DNA testing outside the lab[D]lies behind DNA testingText3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social,political and intellectual development of these and all other societies;however,the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.We are fortunate that is it,because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and,as a result,radically higher standards of living. Ironically,the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States.Not long ago,with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak.The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance.Japan was,and remains,the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.Yet the research revealed that the U.S.factories of Honda Nissan,and Toyota achieved about95percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S.workers received on the job. More recently,while examing housing construction,the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston,Texas,consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the buildingindustry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development?We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it.After all,that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers10,000years ago,they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved,humanity’s productivity potential,they could in turn afford more education.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal education,however,doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future.On the contrary,constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31.The author holds in paragraph1that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A]is subject groundless doubts[B]has fallen victim of bias[C]is conventional downgraded[D]has been overestimated32.It is stated in paragraph1that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C]demands priority from the government[D]requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that__________.[A]the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B]the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D]]the U.S workforce is more organize34.The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A]when people had enough time[B]prior to better ways of finding food[C]when people on longer went hung[D]as a result of pressure on government35.According to the last paragraph,development of education__________.[A]results directly from competitive environments[B]does not depend on economic performance[C]follows improved productivity[D]cannot afford political changesText4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.According to the standard history of American philosophy,nowhere else in colonial America was“So much important attached to intellectual pursuits”According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding,dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect.But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life,we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances.The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England.`Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop,an educated gentleman,lawyer,and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.There men wrote and published extensively,reaching both New World and Old World audiences,and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget,however,that most New Englanders were less well educated.While few crafts men or farmers,let alone dependents and servants,left literary compositions to be analyzed,The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality.A tailor named John Dane,who emigrated in the late1630s,left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs.sexual confusion,economic frustrations,and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible,told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate,and read the magical words:“come out from among them,touch no unclean thing,and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while,many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s,as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion.“Our main end was to catch fish.”36.The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A]Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B]intellectual interests were encouraged.[C]Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D]intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37.It is suggested in paragraph2that New Englanders__________.[A]experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B]brought with them the culture of the Old World[C]paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D]were obsessed with religious innovations38.The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A]were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C]abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D]created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39.The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often__________.[A]influenced by superstitions[B]troubled with religious beliefs[C]puzzled by church sermons[D]frustrated with family earnings40.The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A]were mostly engaged in political activities[B]were motivated by an illusory prospect[C]came from different backgrounds.[D]left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions(41-45),choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the1860s,British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena,including human societies,changed over time, advancing toward perfection.41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.Morgan,along with Tylor,was one of the founders of modern anthropology.In his work,he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early1900s in North America,German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism,which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures,gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________.Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology,largely through the influence of many students of Boas.But a number of anthropologists in the early1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that,according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures.45.________________.Also in the early1900s,French sociologistÉmile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology.Durkheim proposed thatreligious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity.An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European,and especially British, anthropology.[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations,such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society.This theory was known as diffusionism.[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible,Boas became skilled in linguistics,the study of languages,and in physical anthropology,the study of human biology and anatomy.[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest,"in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger,more advanced races and societies.[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's social structure,such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.[E]Thus,in his view,diverse aspects of culture,such as the structure of families, forms of marriage,categories of kinship,ownership of property,forms of government, technology,and systems of food production,all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G]For example,British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J.Perry incorrectly suggested,on the basis of inadequate information,that farming,pottery making,and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world.In fact,all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET2.(10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others,and the deliberate educating of the young.In the former case the education is incidental;it is natural and important,but it is not the express reason of the association.(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive.Religious associations began,for example,in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences;family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity;systematic labor,for the most part,because of enslavement to others,etc.(47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today,in our industrial life,apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift,the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world'swork is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young,the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact,gains in importance.(48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.The need of training is too evident;the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.(49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50)We are thus led to distinguish,within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education--that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups,we find very little formal teaching and training.These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.SectionⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions."White pollution"is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s)of your local newspaper togive your opinions briefly andmake two or three suggestionsYou should write about100words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Li Ming"instead.You do not need to write the address.Part B52.Directions:In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET2.(20points)2024年研究生考试英语试卷试题答案Section I:Use of English(10points)1.B2.A3.D4.B5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B10.D11.D12.B13.C14.D15.A16.C17.B18.A19.A20.CSection II:Reading Comprehension(60points)Part A(40points)21.C22.D23.A24.D25.A26.A27.C28.D29.A30.B31.D32.B33.B34.C35.C36.B37.B38.D39.A40.CPart B(10points)41.C42.E43.A44.B45.GPart C(10points)46.虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。

医学英语期末试题一、单选题1. anis.s.smal.tha.i.ca.onl.b.see.wit..microscop.i.._____C_____.A.miniorganismB.macrogrganismC.microorganismD.microcell2. .disease tha.ha..sudde.an.sever.onse.i.describe.a.______C________.A.chronicdC.acuteD.infectious3. .disease tha.ha.lon.duratio.an.slo.progressin.i.describe.a.______A________.A.chronicdC.acuteD.infectious4. Abnorma.an.uncontrolle.growt.o.tissu.i.terme.a.____B______.A.anemiaB.neoplasia 瘤形成C.parasitism 寄生病D.toxicity5. Heat.pain.redness.an.swellin.ar.th.characteristi.sign.o._____C______.A.immunityB.feverC.inflammationD.healing6. Scientifi.nam.fo.windpipe i._____A_______.A.trachearynx 喉C.pharynx 咽D.bronchi7. Scientifi.nam.fo.throat（咽喉.i._____C_______.A.trachearynxC.pharynxD.bronchi8. Scientifi.nam.fo.voic.bo.i._____B_______.A.trachearynxC.pharynxD.bronchi9. Difficult.i.breathin.i.calle._____D_______.A.aphasia 失语症B.apnea 窒息C.dysphonia 发声困难D.dyspnea 呼吸困难10. Difficult.i.swallowin.i.calle._____A_______.A.dysphagia 吞咽困难B.dysplasia 发育不良C.dysphoniaD.dyspnea11. .wor.elemen.fro.whic.othe.word.ar.forme.i.calle._____C_______.A.prefixB.suffixC.rootbining vowel12. .wor.par.a.th.beginnin.o..wor.i..(n).____D______.A.originbining formC.previewD.prefix13. .wor.par.a.th.en.o..wor.i.a(n)._____C_____.A.vowelbining formC.suffixD.insertion14. Th.opposit.o.hypertension i.____C______.A.hypoglucemiaB.hyperglucemiaC.hypotensionD.hyperglycemic15. Th.prefi.i.th.word.prefi.an.pretest mean._____A______.A.beforeB.finalC.fixedD.superior16. Th.g.i.th.term.cough an.radiograp.i.pronounce.a.______C_______.A.gB.hC.fD.t17. Th.p.i.th.ter.pneumonia i.pronounce.a._____D________.A.pB.hC.fD.n18. Th.suffixe.-ia.-sis.an.-ism al.refe.t._____A_______.A.condition ofB.disease ofC.problem ofD.specialty of19. Th.plura.o.seru.i._____B_______.A.serumsB.seraC.seriaD.serina20. Th.singula.o.thromb.i._____B_______.A.thrombB.thrombusC.thrombsD.thrombis21. Th.suffixe.-sis.-ian.an.-ics ar.foun.i.____D____.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.adverbsD.nouns22. Th.suffixe.-ic.-ous.an.-a.ar.foun.i.____B____.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.adverbsD.nouns23. puterize.tomography.Thi.ter.represent..(n.____B______.bining formB.acronym 首字母缩略词C.synonym 同义词D.clipping24. .dentis.i..physicia.wh.specialize.i.stud.o.___A___.A.teethB.skeletonC.skinD.stomach25. Whic.branc.o.medicin.i.concerne.wit.disease.o.th.kidneys._____C_____A.psychologyB.pulmonologyC.nephrologyD.neurology26. .ter.fo.inflammatio.o.th.lung.i.______B______.A.bronchitisB.pneumoniaC.pleurisy 胸膜炎ryngitis27. A.endotrachea.tub.i.place.______A________.A.within the tracheaB.beyond the tracheaC.under the tracheaD.over the trachea28. .gastroenterologis.i..physicia.wh.specialize.i.stud.o._________B__________.A.mouth and teethB.stomach, intestines, and related structuresC.musculoskeletal systemD.respiratory system29. .genera.ter.fo.inflammatio.o..join.i.______A________.A.arthritisB.conjunctivitis 结膜炎C.epididymitis 附睾炎D.myocarditis30. Chondrosarcom.i..tumo.tha.originate.i._____D_______.A.boneB.muscleC.tissueD.cartilage31. .tonsillectom.i._____C_______.A.removal of a jointB.removal of a tumorC.removal of a tonsil 扁桃体D.removal of a cavity32. Th.neuromuscula.junctio.i.betwee..muscl.an.._____B_______.A.glandB.neuronC.boneD.gonad33. Polymyositi.i.inflammatio.o.man._____C_______.ansB.glandsC.musclesD.bones34. Th.ter.fo..conditio.o.diseas.o.unknow.etiology（病原学.i._____D_______.A.hypertrophic 肥厚的B.chronicC.acuteD.idiopathic35. Deat.o.tissu.i.calle.______A______.A.necrosis 坏死B.inflammationC.infectionD.spasm 痉挛36. Th.cervica.regio.i.th.regio.o.th.____D______.A.brainB.legC.HeartD.neck37. Difficult.i.digestin.i.calle.______C______.A.apepsia 不消化B.eupepsia 消化良好C.dyspepsiaD.dysphonia38. Th.quadricep.muscl.group（四头肌.i.mad.u.o._____B_______.A.smooth and cardiac muscle fibersB.four muscles in the thighC.three muscles in the legD.fascia筋膜and tendon sheaths腱鞘39. Th.contro.cente.o.th.cel.i.th.____D____.A.membraneB.lysosome 溶酶体C.ribosome 核糖体D.nucleus40. .simpl.devic.fo.listenin.t.sound.withi.th.bod.i..____B____.A.cystoscope 膀胱镜B.stethoscope 听诊器C.barometer 气压计D.speculum 窥器41. Remova.o.tissu.fo.microscopi.stud.i.a(n.____A____.A.biopsyB.aeration 通气C.endoscopyD.CT scan42. Hepatosplenomegal.mean.____D____.A.removal of the liver and spleenB.prolapse下垂of the liver and spleenC.hemorrhage of the liver and spleenD.enlargement of the liver and spleen43. Th.cardiovascula.syste.include.th.hear.an.____C____.A.lungsB.digestive organsC.blood vesselsD.endocrine system44. Erythrocyt.i.th.scientifi.nam.fo..____B____.A.white blood cellB.red blood cellC.lymphocyteD.muscle cell45. Leukocyt.i.th.scientifi.nam.fo.a___A____.A.white blood cellB.red blood cellC.lymphocyteD.muscle cell46. .deficienc.o.hemoglobi.result.i.th.disorde.called____C____.A.hypertensionB.chromatosis 色素沉着C.anemiaD.hemophilia 血友病47. .neoplasti.overgrowt.o.whit.bloo.cell.i.calle.____A____.A.leukemiaB.anemiaC.fibrosisD.cystitis 膀胱炎48. Th.ga.tha.i.supplie.t.tissue.b.th.respirator.syste.i.____C____.A.sulfur 硫磺B.neon 氖C.oxygenD.carbon dioxide49. Th.ga.tha.i.eliminate.b.th.respirator.syste.i.____D____.A.sulfurB.NeonC.OxygenD.carbon dioxide50. Th.tube.tha.carr.ai.fro.th.trache.int.th.lung.ar.th.____D____.A.arteriesB.Nares 鼻孔C.VeinsD.bronchi二、完形填空Part II ClozeTh.proble.o.carin.fo.th.wea.an.sic.ha.existe.fro.th.earlies.times.Th.Romans.i.time.o.war.establishe.infirmaries, e.t.trea.sic.a rge.citie.an.wer.buil.ou.o.public.5..I..way.th.Roma.influenc.was53th.establishmen.o.hospitals.5..Christianit.grew.th.car.o.th.sic.becam.th.dut.o.th.Church.Th.monast erie.an.convent.provide.mos.o.th.hospitals.Th.custo.o.makin.pilgrimage.(朝圣.als.helpe.advanc.the.5.o.hospitals.Thos.pilgrimage.wer.ofte.long.an.th.traveler.ha.t.sto.overnigh.a.smal.inns.5.th.road.Thes.inn. wer.calle.hospitalia.meanin..guest.Th.inn.connecte.wit.th.monasterie.devote.themselve.t.carin.fo.traveler.wh.wer.il.o.weary.an.th.na m.hospita.becam.connecte.wit.carin.fo.the.5..fortabl.o.hygienic.th.hospital.were.5.clea.o.orderly.I.fact.many.5.hospita.woul.p u.tw.o.mor.patient.i.th.sam.bed.Bu.i.wasn'rge.town.o.England.Soon.th.ide.o.publi.hospital.bega.t.spre a.an.the.appeare.al.ove.Europe.51.A.fo.who...B.i.whic.. C.whic...D.who52.A.fund.B.affair..C.figure.D.interests53.A.capabl.o..B.respectfu.o.C.accessibl.t.D.responsibl.for54.A.Wit..B.Fo..C.I. D.As55.A.traditio..B.for..C.Ide..D.skill56.A.t..B.fro..C.Acros..D.along57.A.afflicte..B.affiliate..C.addicte..D.affirmed58.A.clos.t..B.fa.fro..C.carefu.abou..D.considerat.of59.A....B.suc..C.othe..D.another60.A.i...B.b..C.u.t..D.until答案：51.C.52.A..53...54...55.C56...57...58...59...60.D三、阅读理解（一）k.Elsinor.lie.i.a.inlan.Californi.valle.whic.i.teemin.an.steamin.wit.ho.springs.Rimme.b.shagg.mountain.whos.fore k.Elsinorei.th.ver.personificatio.o.peace—bu.o.i.rest.th.curs.o.Tondo.k.ha.ha..colorfu.history.Muc.o.i.lie.burie.i.legend.an.i.i.difficul.t.separat.fac.fro.fiction.Ther.hav.bee.storie.o.undergroun.volc k.bottom.erupting.killin.fis.an.discolorin.th.water.Ther.hav.bee.storie.o..playfu.se.serpen.tha.live.i.it.depths.k.wa..famou.resor.i.th.Nineties.Bu.lon.befor.th.firs.whit.ma.ha.se.foo.alon.t ke.thi.par.o.Californi.ha.bee.th.hom.o.th.Sobob.Indians.Thei.chie.wa.Tondo..ster.an.unforgivin.man.H.ha..daughter.Mornin.Star.wh.wa.i.lov.wit.Palo.so.o.th.chie.o.th.Palas..neighborin.tribe.Th.Soboba.an.Pala.wer.swor.enemies.Fo ..tim.th.lover.me.secretly.The.on.da.the.wer.discovere.b.Tondo.Hi.rag.wa.terribl.t.behold.H.forbad.th.lover.eve.t.mee.again.Mornin.Sta.trie.i.ever.wa.t.appeas.he.father’eless.tha.h.woul.neve.giv ke.a.th.drear.Novem ke.singin.th. mournfu.deat.son.o.thei.people.whil.Tond.stoo.o.th.shor.an.curse.th.lovers.curse.th.blu.wate.int.whic.the.al.walke.t.thei.death. k.whic.cause.wate.t.spou.int.th.ai.lik. ter.i.becam.know.tha.thre.hundre.spring.o.boilin.mu.an.wate.wer.bor.i.th.valle.durin.tha.upheaval.Th.spring .reeke.wit.sulphur.k.remaine.peaceful.The.boat.wer.overturne.fo.n.apparen.reason.an.fe.o.thei.occupant.eve k.neve.t.reappear.In 1833 and again in 1846, fish in the lake suddenly died.nd.The.invade.th.countrysid.unti.th.harass e.inhabitant.calle.fo.help.i.bar.ther.wa.n.trac.o..volcano.th.bottoml es.pits.o.th.othe.disturbance.o.legen.o.fact.Th.copiou.winte.rain.o.1951—ke.Bu.wha.menac.doe.it.hauntin.beaut.hol.today.Fo.tomorrow?ke.The.no.grizzle.hea.an.murmu.tha.th.Grea.Tondo ’ke.Onl.time.th.wis.an.silen.one.ca.tell.61.Which of the following statements is true of Lake Elsinore?A.I.i.considere.b.legen.t.b.ric.i.golb.B.I.wa.onc.famou.a..beautifu.resort.C.I.i.locate.i..volcani.crate.i.California.e.t.b.th.cente.o..minin.village.62.Probably Tondo’s rage was due the fact that .A.Mornin.Sta.wa.to.youn.t.marryB.Tondo’.trib.an.Palas’.trib.wer.enemiesC.Pal.mistreate.hi.Sobob.gir.friendD.Pala.vowe.mee.Mornin.Sta.i.secret63.According to the old-timers, on two occasions .k.turne.redk.wate.sproute.int.th.airC.th.Gnat.invade.th.countrysidek.suddenl.died64.The word “jinx”(Line 1, Paragraph 6) probably means .A.spel.o.ba.luc.B.ho.ai.currentC.strang.tranquilit.D.stor.o.unusua.duration65.Which can be considered the best title for the passage?A.Th.Curs.o.Tondo.k.Elsinore.C.Th.Mysteriou.India.Tribes.D.Th.Tragi.Lov.o.Mornin.Star.(二)Despit.Denmark’.manifes.virtues.Dane.neve.tal.abou.ho.prou.the..r.t.b.Danes.Thi.woul.soun.weir.i.Danish.Whe.Dane.tal.t.foreigner. nguage.th.genera.small-mindednes.an.self-indulge.c.o.thei.countryme.an.th.hig.taxes.N.Dan.woul.loo.yo.i.th.ey.an.say.“Denmar.i..grea.country..You’r.suppose.t.figur.thi.ou.fo.y.urself....wher.almos.hal.th.nationa.bud.e.goe.towar.smoothin.ou.life’.inequalities.an.ther.i.plent.o.mone..o.school s.da.care.retrainin.programmes.jo.seminars-Dane.lov.seminars..hre.day.a..stud.centr.hearin.abou.wast.managemen.i.almos.a.goo.a.. sk.trip.I.i..cultur.bombarde.b.English.i.advertising.po.music.th.Internet.an.despit.al.th.Englis.tha.Danis.absorbs—ther.i.n.Danis.Academ.t.defen.agains.i.—n.where.a.th.sayin.goes,.F..hav.to.muc.an.fewe.hav.to.little .”an..foreigne.i.struc.b.th.sw...egalitarianis.tha.prevails.wher.th.lowlies.cler.give.yo..leve.gaze.wher.Si.an.Madam.hav.disappeare.fro.co age.eve.Mr.an.Mrs.It...natio.o.recyclers—abou.5..o.Danis.garbag.get.mad.int.somethin.new.an.n.nuclea.powe.plants.It’..natio.o.tireles.planner.Train.ru.o.time.Thing.operat. wel.i.general... Suc..natio.o.overachiever...brochur.fro.th.Ministr.o.Busine..an.Industr.says.“Denmar.i.on.o.th.world’aniz..countries.wit.virtuall.n.pollution.crime.o.poverty.Denmar.i.th.mos..orruption-fr e.societ.i.th.Norther.Hemisphere.”So.o.course.one’.hear..ift.a.an.sightin.o.Danis.sleaze.skinhea.graffit.o.buildings(“Foreign...Ou.o.Denmark.”).broke.bee.bottle.i.th. gutters.drunke.teenager.sl.mpe.i.th.park...nd.Yo.driv.throug..Danis.town.i.c.me.t.a.en.a..ston.wall.an.o.th.othe.sid.i..fiel.o.barley..ni..clea.line.tow.here .countr.there.I.i.no..natio.o.jay-walkers.Peop..stan.o.th.cur.an.wai.fo.th.re.ligh.t.change.eve.i.it’..a.m....there’.no..ca.i.sight.Howev er.Dane.don..thin.o.themselve.a...a.nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-ligh.people——that’.ho.the.se.Swede.an.G..mans.Dane.se.themselve.a.jazz.people.improvisers.mor.fre.spirite.tha.Swedes.bu.th.trut.is.thoug.on.sh oul.no.sa.it)tha.Dane.ar.ver.muc.lik.German.an.Swedes.Orderlines.i..mai.sellin.point.Denmar.ha.fe..atura.resources.limite.manufactur in.capability.it.futur.i.Europ.wil.b.a..broker.banker.an.distributo.o.goods.Yo.sen.you.good.b.containe.shi.t.Copenhagen.an.thes.bright. young.English-speaking.utterl.honest.highl.discipline.peopl.wil.ge.you.good.aroun.t.Scandinavia.th.Balti.States.an.Russia.Airports.sea ports.highways.an.rai.line.ar.ultramoder.an.well-maintained...Th.orderlines.o.th.societ.doesn’.mea.tha.Danis.live.ar.les.m..s.o.lonel.tha.your.o.mine.an.n.Dan.woul.tel.yo.so.Yo.ca.hea.pl.nt.abou. bitte.famil.feud.an.th.sorrow.o.alcoholis.an.abou.perfectl.sensibl.peopl.wh.wen.of.on.da.an.kille.themselves.A.orderl.societ..a.no.exe mp.it.member.fro.th.hazard.o.life.Bu.ther.i..sens.o.entitlemen.an.securit.tha.Dane.gro.u.with.Certai.thing.ar.your.b.virtu.o.citizenship.an.yo.shouldn’.fee.ba....takin.w ha.you’r.entitle.to.you’r.a.goo.a.anyon.else.Th.rule.o.t..welfar.syste.ar.clea.t.everyone.th.benefit.yo.ge.i.yo.los.you.j.b.th.step.yo.tak.t.ge..ne.one.an.th.orderli nes.o.th.syste.make.i.possibl.fo.th.countr.t.weathe.hig.unemploymen.an.socia.unres.with.u..sens.o.crisis.66.Th.autho.think.tha.Dane.adop..__.attitud.toward.thei.country.A.boastfu.B.modes.C.deprecatin.D.mysterious67.Whic.o.th.followin.i.NO..Danis.characteristi.cite.i.th.p.ssage?A.Fondnes.o.foreig.culture.B.Equalit.i.society..C.Linguisti.tolerance.D.Persisten.planning.68.Th.author’.reactio.t.th.statemen.b.th.Ministr.o.Busines..n.Industr.i.___.A.disapprovin.B.approvin.C.noncommitta.D.doubtful69.Accordin.t.th.passage.Danis.orderlines.___.A.set.th.peopl.apar.fro.German.an.SwedesB.spare.Dane.socia.trouble.besettin.othe.peopleC.i.considere.economicall.essentia.t.th.countryD.prevent.Dane.fro.acknowledgin.existin.troubles70.A.th.en.o.th.passag.th.autho.state.al.th.followin.EXCEP.tha.___.rme.o.thei.socia.benefitsB.Dane.tak.fo.grante.wha.i.give.t.themC.th.ope.syste.help.t.tid.th.countr.overD.orderlines.ha.alleviate.unemploymentANSER66-70 B A D C D四、Summary writing （写作）Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 250 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.通常, 王华林的一天是这样的。

研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考在研究生阶段，英语考试是一个重要的环节，对于考生来说，通过考试取得一个高分是他们追求的目标。

因此，了解研究生英语考试试题及答案是非常必要的。

下面是一些常见的研究生英语考试试题及答案的参考。

第一部分：听力理解（共四节，每节5小题，每题1分，满分20分）请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。

1. What does the man want to do?A. Go to a movie.B. Go shopping.C. Go dancing.2. How does the woman feel about her trip?A. Excited.B. Nervous.C. Disappointed.3. What does the man mean?A. He can solve the problem.B. He doesn't know how to help.C. He agrees with the woman's idea.4. What is the woman going to do?A. Call the police.B. Help the man.C. Fix the faucet.5. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Ask her neighbor for help.B. Call a repairman.C. Watch a video online.请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。

6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Colleagues.C. Friends.7. How will the woman spend her summer vacation?A. Traveling to Europe.B. Working at a hotel.C. Studying for an exam.8. What is the man's opinion?A. He is impressed by the music.B. He is not interested in the music.C. He thinks the music is boring.9. What do we learn about the woman's husband?A. He's been busy with work.B. He enjoys cooking.C. He recently became a manager.10. What is the woman's problem?A. She can't access the website.B. She can't find her password.C. She needs to update her software.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，每节5小题，每题2分，满分20分）第一节请阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

2014-2015学年第二学期研究生英语学位考试考试科目：研究生英语试卷类别：A 考试时间：120 分钟__________院__________系姓名___________ 学号______________题号一二三四五六总分得分Part I. Listening Comprehension (20points)Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear ten shortconversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a questionwill be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question willbe read only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which isthe best answer. (Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across thesquare brackets on your Answer Sheet 1.)1. A. Michael Jordan is a famous businessman.B. Michael Jordan is the name of the woman'sfriend.C. Michael Jordan is a manufacturer ofsneakers.D. Michael Jordan is both a person's name anda trademark.2. A. He is a billionaire in Chinatown.B. He owns a big company in China.C. He is successful businessman.D. He earned 100 million dollars last year.3. A. He succeeded quickly by working hard.B. He won because he's got very good luck.C. Despite his achievements, he hasn'tgot a reputation yet.D. He had a reputation as an experiencedspeaker on TV.4. A. Yao Ming's team should not have lost inthe first round. .B. Yao Ming is the best player in thenational team.C. Yao Ming is surprised at his loss inthe first round. .D. Yao Ming's team is expected to win thenational tournament.5. A. How a famous Chinese kung fu masterteaches his lessons.B. A way to keep energetic in life.C. The method for practising Chinese kungfu.D. A friend who has won several Chinesekung fu competitions.6. A. Jean is not fashion-conscious.B. Jean saw her sister downtown yesterdayC. Jean and her sister spend lots of timetogetherD. Jean isn't a good buyer of dresseslike her sister.7. A. He didn't like the fashion show lastnight.B. He thinks it pretty for the models towear nightgowns.C. He thinks the woman should take part inthe fashion show.D. He thinks the models gave a goodperformance.8. A. The woman likes to follow fashion.B. The man and woman have the same attitudeto clothes.C. The man is laughing at the woman.D. The woman's clothes are out of date.9. A. He thinks it's out of date.B. He doesn't think modern women would liketo wear clothes like that.C. He thinks it's wonderful.D. He likes the color but not the style.10. A.The woman has a job related to dress design.B. The two speakers agree the Oscarsceremony is a big event.C. The woman thinks it worthwhile to seethe Academy Awards.D. The man believes the Oscar ceremonyprovides a chance for stars to show off.Section B (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear a longconversation. At the end of the conversation, some questions will be askedabout what was said. After each question, there will be a pause. During thepause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide whichis the best answer.( Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across thesquare brackets on Answer Sheet 1. ) (The conversation will be read to you only once.)Conversation 111. A.Because he thinks it makes him relaxed.B.Because he has usedup all his salary.C.Because he likes window-shopping more than anything else.D.Because he is window-shopping while waiting for a friend.12. A.She's always been good with money.B.She's never been good with moneyC.She used to be a bad saver, like Jack.D.She doesn't save money.13. A.Earning more money.B.Opening another bank account for spending.C.Opening another bank account for saving.D.Finding a better job.14. A.10% of her salary. B. 20% of her salaryC.30% of her salary.D. 40% of her salary.15. A.Jack likes shopping when he gets paid.B. Molly has made a plan for Jack and itworks.C.Jack may listen to Molly's advice and do his best to save money.D. Jack will notlisten to Molly's advice because it is impractical.Section C (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear a talk about the importance of play. Listencarefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given to eachquestion you hear.(The conversation will be read to you twice.)16. A.Because play can lead us to successB.Because play can help set our minds free.C.Because play can let us experience new things.D.Because play can make people become wiser.17. A.They can learn what they cannot learn in class.B.They can learn how to help one another.C.They can learn how to express their feelings.D.They can learn good behavior through play.18. A.It makes children learn things systematically.B.It enables children to make progress step by step.C.It can help children organize their thoughts more clearly.D.It provides some rules for children to identify and follow.19. A.It provides unexpected events for children to handle.B.It gives children more freedom to play without rules or control.C.It has no goals or objectives in the game.D.It is basically an individual game in which ideas are less specific.20. A.The speaker should be a college teacher.B.The speaker is a researcher on parenthood.C.The speaker is a children's writer.D.The speaker is a specialist in childcare.Part II Vocabulary （20 points）Section A21. The department deferred the decision for six months.A. postponedB.discussedC. heldD. revised22. The scientists will go on an expedition to the South Pole.A. explorationB. tripC. tourD.outing23. She asked her mother to pick her upfrom the camp a day earlier than scheduled. Although she was sick of camp andready to come home‖, Ms. Wexler objected and finally prevailed.A.changedB. triumphedC.disagreedD. consented24. The number of old people is on therise, and with this fact comes the number of people with chronicdiseases associated more with old age.A. incurableB. severeC. painfulD.enduring25. With this strong right-wing views, andclose affiliation to the military, he’d long been regarded as a swornenemy of the people.A. emotionB. communicationC.reactionD. association26. The best hope is that we will have arapid mobilization of international opinion in support of the movement.A. getting upB. catching upC.bringing upD. calling up27. The cause of the incidence has beenkept off the air in the radio by the administration.A. not knownB. publicizedC.not broadcastedD. secret28. Some intrepid individuals werestill prepared to make the journey.A. recklessB. AggressiveC. fearlessD.tough29. The liberal party held a convention to agitatefor reforms.A. runB. postponeC. proposeD.push30. The jury deliberated for 18minutes and recommended a sentence of from 2 to 5 years in the statepenitentiary.A. inquiredB. complainedC.discussedD. spokeSection B31. The personal computer is only a decade old, and the language it________ has made only minor inroads in English, but this will change.A. pronouncedB.processedC. spawnedD. prohibited32. He formally disbanded the fact-findingteam Thursday because of Israel’ objections to the mission’s composition and________.A. mandateB. purposeC. identityD.motivation33. If you don’t pay your rent you will be.A. finedB. suedC. rejectedD.evicted34. The old lady is so ________ that she’llbelieve anything she hears.A. carelessB. sillyC.ignorantD. gullible35. When he was there, he often gave foodand coins to the ________ children who lived on the street.A. despairedB. homelessC.destituteD. deserted36. Combining social commentary withrhythmic ________, heavy bass beats, and remixed or original melodies, rap isone of the most controversial of black musical forms.A. danceB. bandC. musicD.lyrics37. He took out a court ________ againstthe newspaper demanding the return of the document.A. injunctionB. suspensionC.biasD.sentence38. They said on the wedding that theybelonged ________ to each other---for life or for death.A. by farB. on earthC.perpetuallyD. in all39. It’s good news that the Governor andlawmakers are finally talking to each other, however________.A. sullenlyB. off-handedlyC.hospitablyD. slowly40. We now are provided with several televisioncommentators to explain the action to us, with the help of the ________slow-motion instant replay.A. popularB. ubiquitousC.successfulD. continuousPartIII. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part, there are three short passages. Read each one carefully, and then do the questions that follow.Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on Answer Sheet 1.Passage OneMoviegoers may think history is repeatingitself this weekend. The summer's most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-createsthe Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But thatisn't the film's only reminder of the past.Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, thebiggest hit of all time. Like Titanic,Harbor heaps romance and actionaround a major historical event. Like Titanic,Harbor attempts to create popularglobal entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costsa pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both storiescenter on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men; In Titanic,Leonardo DiCaprio and BillyZane compete for the love of the same woman, a high-society type played by aBritish actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor,two pilots (Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse playedby a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).The scenes of peril also havesimilarities. Harbor has a shot inwhich soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. Themoment is recalled of the Titanic'sclimactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean lineras half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in themiddle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.And the jaw-dropping actionof Titanic is matched by Harbor's, 40-minute re-creation of theDec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spentheavily on special effects.Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could bespent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at thesame location; Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.Harbor's makers have eventaken a Titantic-like approach to thesoundtrack. The film includes one song. ThereYou'll be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the bestselling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion's MY Heart Will Go On.―If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb historybooks searching for even more historical romance-action material.‖ says acritic.41. What are the two things that the author of this article tries tocompare?A. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.B. Historical fiction moviesand successful box office hits.C. The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.D. Sinking boats and famousactors.42. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of thefollowing aspects EXCEPT_____.A. both spent large amount ofmoney on special effectsB. both have soundtracksstarring a major pop starC. both added made-up storiesto historical eventsD. both are documentary moviesof historical events43. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?A. Kate Beckinsale.B. Ben Affleck.C. Kate Winslet.D. Faith Hill.44. What does the phrase ―cost a pretty penny‖ in the first paragraphmean?A. To be very attractive.B. To cost a lot.C. To have big box officereturns.D. To require a lot of effort to accomplish.45. If Pearl Harbor is assuccessful as Titanic, which of thefollowing movies might we see next?A. The Battle of Waterloo.B. The Advents of Mr. Bean.C. Space Invaders.D. The Haunted House.Passage TwoA few weeks ago my mothercalled to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was mystified. I’d liketo think myself dangerous but I’m a mild-mannered journalist. I don't have acriminal record, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s -thus the ―raid.‖ I hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled thescene after backing a Jeep into a crowd of people.But this is Mayor Giuliani sNew York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of cops. New Yorkersknow all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approachingdrivers and offering to clean their windshiel ds. H’s also cracked down onstreet vendors. Yuppie that 1 am. I’ve never given much thought to what it feltlike to be on the other side of the law.So when the cops cameknocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my embarrassment upondiscovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of apartmentafter dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up andwrote me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws.Yeah. I probably should have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck thepink slip in my back pocket and forgot about it. When I called to inquire about my case. Iwas told to ―speak with Officer Kosenza.‖ But I didn’t get a chance. Kosenzacalled me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend. He wanted meto come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s policeare in a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it's getting harder andharder for cops to ―make the numbers‖ that show they’re doing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle through out-of-date tickets thathaven’t been paid –anything they could turn into a ―crime.‖ I finally decidedto turn myself in. which is how 1 found myself, one August evening, handcuffedat the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us talesof his days in the 1980s. ―Times sure have changed.‖ he said, shaking his headat us statistically useful nuisances.Eventually I was led into acourtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the door.I wanted tocomplain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty offor another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Giuliani sclean streets come with a price. If only the mayor would neglect to pay aticket.46. According to the passage, the author is probably _____.A. an urban young professionalB. a narrow-minded journalistC. a criminal wanted by thepoliceD. a traffic offender47. The author was arrested primarily because _____.A. he once stuck a piece ofpink paper in his back pocketB. he used his mother'saddress on the driver's licenseC. he had robbed convenienceshops beforeD. he drank some beer onenight on the street48. The word "nuisances" in the fourth paragraph may mean_____.A. mild-mannered prisonersB. trouble makersC. new arrivalsD. hardened criminals49. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that_____.A. New York policemen aredoing a good job cracking down on crimesB. not everyone agrees withthe mayor's management of the cityC. the crime rate has beenreduced at the expense of citizens' convenienceD. everyone including themayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime50. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOTtrue?A. The author pleaded guiltyand was set free.B. Policemen were trying hardto please their superiors.C. Many so-called crimes wereonly trifle things.D. It's no use complaining tocops when you are caught.Passage ThreeEwen Cameron is long dead buthis ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily strict rules are beingconsidered to protect the subjects of psychological research.Cameron was a scientiststraight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable academic.But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials,superficially to examine Rudolf Hess's psychological state. Many people believethat he also studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he neverinternalized the Nuremberg declaration that prohibits human experiment s whererisk outweighs ―humanitarian importance.‖Throughout the 1950s, Cameronran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where patients were used asguinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT―therapy‖twice daily, others wer e drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or months,injected with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensorydeprivation.Compensation has been paid tomost surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological sciences has notentirely gone aw ay. Nor has the need for patients’ rights to beguaranteed.Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, eventhough many were not in position to understand what it meant.The strict new rules forpsychological research now under discussion can partly be understood in thelight of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that noone can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.All well and good, exceptthat psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can leave anexperiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, many psychologicalexperiments would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactlywhat they were testing.There is much to debate about the rights ofpatients and experimental subjects. The committee drawing up the code hasapparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.No one should do anythinguntil this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest and studythese submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.51. According to the author, we may conclude that _____.A. Cameron was a dedicated andresponsible scientistB. Cameron was interested inunveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological stateC. Cameron tried to ensurethat his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the experimentsD. Cameron unmistakablyviolated the subjects’ rights52. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the secondparagraph?A. Cameron’s appearance mightmisrepresent his true personal ity.B. Probing into thepsychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s profession.C. Cameron did not observe thestipulation relating to human experiments.D. People believed that he hadundisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.53. We can infer from this passage that _____.A. making compensation for thesubjects’ loss was illegalB. some subjects in Cameron’sexperiments diedC. people have been quiteindifferent to the subjects’ rightsD. as a rule, people are fullysupportive of psychological sciences54. The committee responsible for working out the rules governingpsychological research _____.A. has to give top priority topsychological advancesB. is bombarded withcriticisms from the publicC. is expected to take intoaccount all the reactions to the draftingD. should rely on thosewilling to sacrifice their own interests55. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological researchis that _____.A. the rules can do little toprotect the patients’ rightsB. people may withdraw fromthe experiments in fear of damage to their own interestsC. it would be impossible tosort out anything valuable from the comments on the rulesD. people’s response topsychological sciences is overwhelmingly negativePassage Four[1] Unfortunately, I know more than I care toabout the aftermath of drinking and driving. Asa high school freshman inWayland, Mass., in 1980, I suffered through the death of a classmate on myhockey team who was killed in an alcohol-related crash. Two years later Iattended the funeral of another student in my class who died while drivingunder the influence.[2] I thoughtdrunk driving had hurt me as much as it could. I was wrong. Four years ago mybrother Ryan, a senior at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vt., drove 70 to100 miles an hour on a rainy rural road into a tree, ending his life. Hisblood-alcohol level was nearly three times the legal limit.[3] It was oneof the worst accidents that officers at the crash site had ever seen. The twopolicemen who were assigned to wipe Ryan's blood and tissue off the car'sbroken wind shield found it impossible to talk to my family about the details.[4] Ryan waslast seen drinking vodka punch at an on-campus social house. He left the partyintending to drive to his apartment three miles away to pick up a toga for yetanother event. He never made it home.[5] After hisdeath we found out that Ryan had developed a drinking problem. But even thoughhe drank to excess at nearly every social function, usually three to four timesa week, many of his friends never realized he was becoming an alcoholic.[6] We were toldthat a staff member in the student-activities office where Ryan oftenregistered his social house's parties had suspected that he had a drinkingproblem. And Ryan was not the only Middlebury student to be involved in adangerous alcohol-related incident: in the year before his death, one of Ryan'sfellow students nearly died in a binge-drinking episode. She was saved onlybecause someone in the hospital emergency room pumped her stomach as she layunconscious. Her blood-alcohol level was 0. 425 percent.[7] I know thatmy brother was ultimately responsible for his death, but in my view, collegeadministrators can work harder to keep kids like Ryan from getting behind thewheel. Many schools, however, have been reluctant to address the problem. Why?Perhaps because taking responsibility will make trustees and college presidentslegally liable for students' drunk-driving behavior.[8] Ifadministrators accepted this responsibility, they might ask themselves: Shouldwe expel students who receive a DUI? Has the university president met with thetown's mayor to create a unified policy toward drunk driving? Have we contactedorganizations like MADD and SADD to help us implement alcohol-educationprograms?[9] On campuseslike Middlebury's, where many students own cars, administrators can use moreaggressive methods to combat drinking and driving. Yet after Ryan's death, hisuniversityrefused my family's request to fund an officer to patrol the mainentry into the campus on weekend evenings for out-of-control drivers.[10] Why doesthe problem of drunk driving persist? It's not easy to solve.[11] A lot ofcollege students are young and irresponsible, and drinking is part of theirculture. Many administrators have not wanted to abolish fraternities and socialhouses for fear that ending such beloved traditions would lower alumnidonations.[12] Collegeofficials, I ask that you go home tonight and consider your love for your sonor daughter, brother or sister. Imagine the knock on your door at 3 a. m. whena police officer announces that your loved one has died. Then go to a mirrorand look deep into your own eyes. Ask yourself: have I done enough to helpsolve this problem?[13] The choiceis simple. You can choose to be a leader and an agent of change on acontroversial issue. Or you can continue authoring your students' eulogies. Myfamily, in its grief, begs you to do the former.56. The article is most probably addressedtoA. drunk-driving studentsB. family members of drunk-drivingstudentsC. school administratorsD. law-enforcement officers57. The author suggests that on the issueof students' deaths caused by drunk-driving, the universitiesA. have faithfully fulfilled their dutiesB. have not done their fair share of dutyC. shouldbe held legally responsibleD. shouldnot assume responsibility58. Many universities show littleenthusiasm in solving students' drinking problem becauseA. drinking is considered to be beyondtheir mandateB. drinking is generally regarded as partof youth cultureC. they are doubtful of the effectivenessof aggressive methodsD. they are afraid of taking legalliability for such behavior59. Which of the following is the requestof the author's family for Ryan's university?A. To impose a ban on social houses andon-campus drinking.B. To expel any student who has receivedtickets for drunk driving.C. To patrol the main school entry onweekend evenings for drunk drivers.D. To initiate alcohol-education programswith the help of social organizations.60. The author's tone in writing thisarticle is . .A. sincereB.satiricalC. arrogantD. helplessPart IV. Translation (10 points)(注意：此部分试题61—65请在答题卡2上作答。