高三英语一轮复习---定语从句讲义.doc
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定语从句（一）基本概念1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。
关系词的分类和基本用法表一分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as 人或物（表所属关系）whose关系副词地点where 时间when 原因why表二关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is MrWhite.在定从中作主语whom That is the person(whom/who/that)you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whose He is the father whose son studiesvery well in our class.在定从中作定语that I′m not the fool that you thought meto be.在定从中作表语as He is such a lazy man as nobodywants to work with.在定从中作宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is togive you some advice.在定从中作宾语which A dictionary is a useful book whichtells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语whose He lives in a room whose windowfaces south在定从中作定语asIt is such a big stone as nobody canlift.在定从中作宾语整句内容As is known to all, he is the beststudent.在定从中作主语表三关系副词指代例句解释when 时间Would you suggest a time when wecan have a talk?在定从中作状语where 地点The house where they live is notvery large.在定从中作状语why 原因This is the reason why he did notcame to the meeting.在定从中作状语（二）定语从句的注意点本部分的内容比较复杂，为便于考生一目了然，我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。
1.that与which, who, whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况①先行词为all, everything, anything,nothing, little, much,等不定代词时②先行词被all, any, every, each, much,little, no, some, few等修饰时③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时④先行词既指人又指物时⑤先行词被the only, the very修饰时⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时①He told me everything that he knows.②All the books that you offered hasbeen given out.③This is the best film that I have everread.④We talked about the persons andthings that we remembered.⑤He is the only man that I want to see.⑥Who is the man that is making aspeech?只用which, who, whom的情况①在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人②在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
③先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those, one, he时多用who。
①He has a son, who has gone abroadfor further study.②I like the person to whom the teacheris talking.③Those who respect others are usuallyrespected by others.只用that，inwhich或不用关系词的情况the way做先行词时①Mary,there is one way that you couldstop others talking about you andcriticizing you.②I was struck by the beauty of the wayin which she stood.③What surprised me was not what hesaid but _______ he said it.A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which2.as、which和that的区别从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。
如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。
They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’texpected.As is well known, he is a famous film starin the 1980s.the same... as和the same ...that the same... as指同类事物the same ...that 指原物That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。
3. where、when与why引导的定语从句关系副词用法例句where 关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。
We’re just trying to teach a point___bothsides will sit down together and talk.A. whereB. thatC. whenD.whichwhen 关系副词when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。
There was ________time ________I hatedto go to school.A. a; thatB. a; whenC. the; thatD. the ; whenwhy关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。
Do you know the reason why she was putinto prison ? 你知道她坐牢的原因吗？4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。
先行词指物，用“介词+which/whose”，指人则用“介词+whom/whose”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略。
介词的选择要遵循两个原则：原则内容例句原则一根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. BeforeI could recognize who she was，she had run back inthe direction__________she had come.A.of whichB.by whichC.in whichD.fromwhich[解析]此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据句意用from which表示“所来的那个方向”，故答案选[D]原则二根据先行词而定There are two buildings , _______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the largerB. the larger of themC. the larger one thatD. the larger of which[解析] the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings ，which 在定语从句中指代building，作介词of的宾语，故答案为[D]。
5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。
现象例句在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。
辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。
①---Is that the small town you often refer to?--- Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.A.thatB. whichC.whereD.what [解析] work是不及物动词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语，You know 在句中作插入语，所以答案选[C] 。
②He made another wonderful discovery ,______of importance to science .A.which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is[解析]这里I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句，故选［A］。
