不定代词用法总结
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不定代词用法总结
1) some, any, no的用法
a。 some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个;一些;部分”,多用于肯定句;而any表示“一些;什么;任何;”,对用于否定句或疑问句中.如:
* He asked me some questions。 (他问了我几个问题。) * Some of the bread has been eaten。 (面包已吃了一些。)
* Are there any stamps in this post office? (这个邮局里有邮票吗?)
* I didn’t have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some。 (我没有香烟了,所以出去买了一些。)
b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来看。
* I could not answer some of his questions. (我不能回答他的某些问题.)
(some用在否定句中表示“一些;部分”.如果说成:I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了,它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”)
* Will you get me some apples on your way back? (你回来的路上能给我带一些苹果吗?)
(some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议")
* Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何")
* “What would you like to drink?” “Any will do.” (“你想喝什么?”“哪种都行。”) (any在这里表示“任何”)
c. no在句子中作定语,表示否定,意思是“没有;不是”,它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名词.
* There are no letters for you today. (今天没有你的信。)
* I have no money at the moment。 Could you lend me some? (我现在没有钱.你能借我一些吗?)
2) 复合不定代词的用法
a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, —body, —thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是:
someone anyone no one
somebody anybody nobody
something anything nothing
这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等。
b。 因为some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句或疑问句,no表示完全否定,因此由some, any, no与—one,
-body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。
c. 第二部分为—one和-body的复合代词只用于表示人,它们的形式是单数形式,但有时可以用they或them指代.
* There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking? (你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗?)
d。 第二部分为—thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如:
* There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it。
* He looked at me and didn’t say anything。 * Nothing can be done to save her life.
e。 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰,形容词必须后置。如:
* Somebody important has arrived, I’m sure. (important修饰somebody)
3) one和none的用法
不定代词one指代可数名词的单数,即指人,也指物.它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等.
* He is not the one who is easily cheated. (one指人) * I’ve made some cakes。 Would you like one of them? (one指物)
* I prefer red roses to white ones。 (ones指物) * Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago? (ones指人)
4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both
a. every只有形容词的性质,在句中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词.表示“每个;各个”,还可以表示“一切”。
* After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone.
every还可以和-one, —thing, -body构成复合不定代词,即:everyone, everything, everybody.其中,everyone和everybody用于指人,意思一样,都是“每人;大家",形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物,意思是“每件事;一切”,形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如:
* One can’t have everything. * Everything goes well with me。
* The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else。
注意:在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every on是一个词组,前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句:
* Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人)
*We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one. (every one指物)
b. each的意思是“每个;各自的”,可以指人,也可以指物.如:
* I leave home at 7 a。m. each day. * Each of them has received a letter.
由于each和every的意思相近,都表示“每一个",因此要特别注意它们的区别。each所描述的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个,而every所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一个;every着重强调整体的含义而each着重强调个别;every只能作形容词放于名词前而each可以作形容词、代词和副词。如:
(每一个人都知道应该做什么/他的工作。)
(在这两个句子中用every和each都可以)
*You can see a lot of new shops on each side of the street。 (因为街道只有两边因此不能用every)
*Each has too coats. (each是代词不能换用every)
c. other可以指人也可以指物,表示“另外的人或事物”,其后可以接单数或复数的名词;此外,other也有复数形式,是others。如:
* He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
*Some children like milk chocolate, other children prefer plain chocolate。
*We should not think only of ourselves, we should think of others first。
d. another的意思是“另一个;再一个;又一个”,通常只能修饰单数的名词或代词,泛指“不定数目中的另一个"。
* Would you like to try another kind of drink? * I don’t like this hat; please show me another。
注意:other和another都有“另外的”意思,要注意它们的区别。
首先一般来说,两者中的“另一个”是the other,不定数目中的“另一个”是another.如:
* She has a book in one hand and a pen in the other。 (这里表示两只手中的另一个因此用the other)
* This cup is broken。 Get me another, please.
其次,other的后面可以接单数或复数的名词而another的后面只能接单数名词。如:
* He has other brothers。 * I am not very well today。 Tell them I will go and see them another day。
第三,other有复数形式,泛指别人时通常不加冠词;而表示其他的人时常要加定冠词;而another没有复数形式.
* Some went to the People’s Park, others visited the zoo。 * Could you tell the others that I’ll be late?
5) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of 这些词都可以用来表示数量,但它们的用法也应当注意。
a。 many和much 这两个词都表示“许多;大量",它们的比较级和最高级是more和most。它们的不同在于:many只能指代或修饰可数名词的复数,much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词。如:
* “Do you any books on English grammar?" “Yes, but not many。” (这里的many指代上文的books)
* Much time will be saved if you plan your work very well. (time是不可数名词,因此用much)