高考英语二轮复习 专项训练 阅读理解(科普环保)及解析

高考英语二轮复习 专项训练 阅读理解(科普环保)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone

(无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people.

Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with

its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in

Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.

According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1

meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of

16 hours.

By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper

from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution

was afloat.

"WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of

the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said

Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance

system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its

path and stop or back up if the object approaches."

"Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter

(周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the

open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the

Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the

autonomous model."

Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they

will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that

Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues

that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of

new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.

（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?

A. It can frighten sharks away.

B. It is an ocean explorer.

C. It is a rubbish collector.

D. It can catch fish instead of people.

（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A. The causes of ocean pollution.

B. The dangers of using plastics.

C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.

D. The importance of ocean protection. （3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?

A. Avoid crashing into it. B. Break it into pieces. C. Swallow it. D. Fly over it.

（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?

A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.

B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.

C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.

D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin

operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of

plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a

million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone

uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or

back up if the object approaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways

doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology,

preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Moving in with a boyfriend causes women to eat more unhealthily and put on weight. But the

opposite is true for men, whose long-term health benefits when they move in with a female

partner.

Dieticians at Newcastle University said both partners try to please one another, and so change