当前位置：文档之家 › 外文文献原稿和译文

外文文献原稿和译文

  • 格式：doc
  • 大小：53.00 KB
  • 文档页数：10

北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计（论文）——外文文献原稿和译文

1

外文文献原稿和译文

原 稿

1. Introduction

Over the past two decades, organizations of all types have increasingly

acknowledged the importance of customer satisfaction and loyalty. The marketing

literature suggests that the long term success of a firm is clearly based on its ability to

rapidly respond to changing customer needs and preferences (Narver &Slater, 1990;

Webster, 1992). A key motivation for the increasing emphasis on customer satisfaction is

that higher customer satisfaction can lead to have a stronger competitive position

resulting in higher market share and profitability (Fornell, 1992), reduced price

elasticity, lower business cost, reduced failure cost, and mitigated cost of attracting new

customers (Chien, Chang, & Su, 2003).

The principal focus of this study is on evaluating the efficiency of customer

satisfaction and loyalty (CS&L) for existing mobile phone brands in Turkish mobile

phone sector. Since the early 1990s, with the launch of the mobile phones, there has been

a remarkable development both in their product sophistication and their rapid and

widespread adoption. With more than three billion subscribers around the world, the

extent of mobile phone diffusion in emerging markets has been increasingly larger than

that in developed countries (Kalba, 2008). Turkey, being one of the fastest emerging

market economies in the world, adopted mobile phone technology in 1994. Since then,

there has been a considerable increase in the level of mobile phone ownership, where the

number of mobile phone users in the country is expected to reach around 70 million by

the end of 2013, representing a penetration rate of over 90% (RNCOS, 2010). The

significant rise in mobile phone usage can partially be attributed to the fact that Turkey

has the youngest population in Western Europe. Turkey currently has the 6th largest

young mobile phone user base in the world, with more than 11 million subscribers under 北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计（论文）——外文文献原稿和译文

2 the age of 25, providing a very lucrative market for mobile phone companies (Euro

monitor International,2010). It should however be noted that the penetration in this market

at present is still below the EU average, indicating that the mobile phone sector is not

saturated yet, and there is still space for new investors. Currently, there exist nearly more

than 10 major mobile phone companies operating in the Turkish mobile phone sector,

each having a relatively large product line. As of 2010, the top five mobile phone brands

were Nokia, Samsung, LG, Motorola and Sony Ericsson and together they account for

nearly 75% of overall market sales. As a new comer, phone is rapidly increasing its

market share, but as of the start of this study, did not have a significantly large presence.

In terms of market share, Nokia has been undisputedly the market leader (36.4% of sales)

with Samsung featuring second (19.5%) and LG ranking third (10.1%) (Patron

Turk,2010).

Commensurate to its widespread diffusion globally, there has been a growing

worldwide academic interest in mobile phone usage which focuses mainly on examining its

contribution to social life, user preferences and its ergonomic features (Bag chi, Kirs, &

Lopez, 2008). A number of empirical studies were also conducted within the context of

Turkish mobile phone sector. The topics of these studies ranged from examining

motivation of use (Dedeoglu,2004; Oscan & Kodak, 2003) to mobile phone selection

(Isiklar & Buyukozkan, 2007), from customer satisfaction (Turkyilmaz & Ozkan, 2007)

to brand loyalty (Simsek & Noyan, 2009).

The methodology used in study to evaluate the relative CS&Lefficiency of mobile

phone brands is based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The traditional DEA technique

has long been utilized as an invaluable tool in the field of operations research and

management science to solve problems in wide range of industries (Hu, Lai, & Huang,

2009; Lee, 2009; Lin, Lee, & Chiu, 2009) as well as in not-for-profit organizations

(Mahajan, 1991; Wu, Liang, &Chen, 2009; Zhang, Huang, Lin, & Yu, 2009); but its

diffusion into the field of marketing and related disciplines has been relatively slow. For

instance, in the marketing field, DEA has recently been employed as a powerful tool for

data analysis in measuring efficiency in retailing sector (Charnes, Cooper, Learner, &

Phillips,1985; Donthu & Yoo, 1998; Keh, 2000; Keh & Chu, 2003; Thomas,Barr, Cron, &

合集下载

北斗定位-毕业论文外文文献翻译

北斗定位-毕业论文外文文献翻译

1 外文文献原稿和译文 原 稿 Beidou positioning Preface Navigation satellite systems can provide all time, all weather and high accuracy positioning, navigation and timing services to users on the earth surface or in the near-earth space. It is an important space infrastructure, which extends people’s range of activities and promotes social development. Satellite navigation is bringing up revolutionary changes to the world politics, economy, military, technology and culture. With a long history and a splendid culture, China is one of the important cradles of early human civilization. In ancient times, Chinese people used the Big Dipper (Beidou) for identifying directions, and invented the world’s first navigation device, the ancient compass (Sinan), which was a great contribution to the development of world civilization. In modern society, the Chinese-built BeiDou（COMPASS） system will become another contribution to the mankind. In early 1980s, China began to actively study the navigation satellite systems in line with China’s conditions. In 2000, BeiDou Navigation Demonstration System is basically established, which made China the third nation in possession of an independent navigation satellite system following the United States and Russia. At present, China is steadily accelerating the construction of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, and has already successfully launched 10 satellites so far. The BeiDou system will meet the demands of China’s national security, economic development, technological advances and social progress, safeguard national interests and enhance the comprehensive national strength. The BeiDou system will commit to providing stable, reliable and quality satellite navigation services for global users. Along with other GNSS providers, the BeiDou system will jointly promote the development of satellite

外文文献及译文

外文文献及译文

外文原文

FIR Filter Design Techniques

Abstract

This report deals with some of the techniques used to design FIR filters. In the

beginning, the windowing method and the frequency sampling methods are discussed

in detail with their merits and demerits. Different optimization techniques involved in

FIR filter design are also covered, including Rabiner‟s method for FIR filter design.

These optimization techniques reduce the error caused by frequency sampling

technique at the non-sampled frequency points. A brief discussion of some techniques

used by filter design packages like Matlab are also included.

Introduction

FIR filters are filters having a transfer function of a polynomial in z and is an

all-zero filter in the sense that the zeroes in the z-plane determine the frequency

response magnitude characteristic.The z transform of a N-point FIR filter is given by

毕业设计外文文献翻译(原文+译文)

毕业设计外文文献翻译(原文+译文)

Environmental problems caused by

Istanbul subway excavation and suggestions

for remediation

伊斯坦布尔地铁开挖引起的环境问题及补救建议 Ibrahim Ocak Abstract：Many environmental problems caused by subway excavations have

inevitably become an important point in city life. These problems can be categorized as

transporting and stocking of excavated material, traffic jams, noise, vibrations, piles of dust mud

and lack of supplies. Although these problems cause many difficulties,the most pressing for a big

city like Istanbul is excavation,since other listed difficulties result from it. Moreover, these

problems are environmentally and regionally restricted to the period over which construction

projects are underway and disappear when construction is finished. Currently, in Istanbul, there are

nine subway construction projects in operation, covering approximately 73 km in length; over 200

外文文献翻译原文及译文

外文文献翻译原文及译文

华 北 电 力 大 学

毕 业 设 计（论 文）附 件

外 文 文 献 翻 译

学 号： 200701000324 姓 名: 杨曦

所在院系： 电力工程系 专业班级： 电气化0707

指导教师： 安勃

原文标题： Research on Smart Grid in China

2011年06月20日

对中国智能电网的研究1

摘要——智能电网是电力系统的未来发展的新方向。在本文中，首先是智能电网的背景，意义，以及概念和结构。典型的智能电网图如下所示.然后,在美国和欧洲智能电网的发展现状进行了描述， 并对这些国家未来发展思路的趋势进行了总结和比较及分析。此外，分析了中国智能电网发展的必要性，详细介绍了在目前与中国与有关项目，并对特高压电网和智能电网之间的的关系进行了讨论。最后，对智能电网在未来在中国电网的潜在作用进行了展望和并为中国的智能电网发展指明新方向.

索引词,智能电网，特高压电网，规划,经营，管理

一 导言

随着世界经济全球化的推广,石油价格一直维持在一个上升的趋势。还值得注意的是世界范围内的的能源供应短缺，对资源和环境的压力越来越大,同时，由于目前电网的低效率，在能源输送过程中损失了巨大的电力。此外,由于不断增长的电力需求和用户对电力可靠性和质量日益增长的要求，电力工业正面临着前所未有的挑战和机遇。因此，一个有环境友好,经济，高性能，低投资，安全性，可靠性和灵活性特点的的电力系统一直是电力工程师的目标。

尽管如此，基础设施和先进的仪表出现互联网更广泛地的使用加速了这个过程[1］。自1990年以来随着分布式发电越来越多地使用，已经对对电网的强度提出更多的需求和要求［2][3]。对于这些问题，为了找出最佳的解决方案，电力公司应接受新的思路，采用新技术，对现有的能源系统进行潜力挖掘，对技术和应用加以改进。来自不同国家的学者和专家已经达成共识：未来电网的必须能够满足不同的需求及能源发电，高度市场化的电力交易的需求，由此可以满足客户的自我选择。所有这些都将成为未来智能电网的发展方向。