【英语】英语句子结构与成分解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)含解析

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【英语】英语句子结构与成分解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)含解析

一、句子结构与成分

1.What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?(选出宾语)

A. What B. your new speech C. on D. Mr. Smith

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:你的演讲是关于什么,史密斯先生?on 介词后面跟宾语,特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语,故选A。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分,选出正确答案。

2.Which of the following sentences is correct?

A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like .

C. When we met. He didn't say hello. D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确。B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。因此选A。

【点评】考查句法知识。

3.—What an interesting story she told us!

—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.

A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地。sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

4.Choose the correct structure(结构) of this sentence "He lent me a book."

A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S;lent为谓语V;me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。

【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。

5.This cake is really big. _______ share it.

A. May be we can B. We may be can C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大,也许我们可以分享它”。maybe为副词,也许,可能,放于句首。may be中may是情态动词,be是动词原形,为系表结构,译为“也许是,可能是”。根据句意,故选C。

【点评】此题考查简单句和副词的用法。

6.The young man ________ glasses is my teacher.

A. wear B. wears C. put on D. with

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。这个句子是简单句,根据is可知句子结构是系表结构,wear穿着,戴着,动词,put on穿上,戴上,动词短语,所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确,故选D。

【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。注意句子成分结构。

7.Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up.

A. for being B. to being C. to be D. be

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。to do不定式做表语,故选C。

【点评】考查to do不定式做表语。

8.Gina's books _______ in the room.

A. is everywhere B. are everywhere C. is at everywhere D. are at everywhere

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:Gina的书在房间里到处都是。主语是Gina's books,复数,用are,everywhere是一个副词,前面不需要用介词,故选B。

【点评】考查主系表结构。牢记主谓一致,并注意everywhere的用法。

9.______ cold in winter in Liaocheng.

A. It B. Its C. It's D. it's

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:聊城的冬天是寒冷的。A.它;B.它的;C.它是;D.它是。根据句子可知缺少主语和谓语,排除A、B。句首单词首字母大写,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记,理解句意。

10.Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "Tom rides his bike to school every day."?

A. "Tom" B. "rides" C. "his bike" D. "every day"

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:句子“汤姆每天骑自行车去上学”的动词是哪一部分?在原句"Tom

rides his bike to school every day."中,Tom是主语,rides是谓语,his bike是宾语,to school是动词不定式表目的作状语,every day是时间状语。故答案为B。

【点评】考查简单句的结构。掌握简单句的五种基本类型。

11.I ________ Beijing five year ago.

A. live in B. lived in C. lived on D. has living on

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:五年前我住在北京。根据five year ago可知用一般过去时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,live,不及物动词,住,in,在……地方,故选B。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

12.A band ________ in the park yesterday.

A. playing B. was playing C. was played D. played

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:乐队在公园里演奏。根据yesterday,可知用过去进行时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,play,不及物动词,演奏,故选D。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

13.What he ________ does not matter.

A. says B. saying C. say D. said

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:他讲的没什么关系。简单句,主语+不及物动词,say,不及物动词,讲,故选D。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

14.If you go there, you can ______.

A. by bus

B. go on foot

C. take with a car

D. by train to go

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】根据句子成分,on foot作go的方式状语,其他选项句子成分错误,故选B。

【点评】考查句子成分结构。

15.He was also famous philosopher.

(选出定语)

A. He B. also C. famous D. philosopher

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:他是如此著名的哲学家。定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特征的,famous,著名的,形容词,作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家,故选C。