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专题九动词和动词短语重难点分析对于动词和动词短语，主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、一词多义以及在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。
要特别注意一些最常用的词汇如get, make, have, take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。
动词和动词短语是英语高考语法填空和完形填空的必考点。
一、动词分类一览表注意：有些动词是兼类词。
如：We have lunch at 12. (行为动词) / We have been to Japan. (助动词)二、动词短语构成一览表三、常用动词短语归纳常用动词come, go, keep, look, make, put, take, turn, get的相关搭配1. comecome about 发生；造成come across 偶然遇到come after 追踪；跟在……后面come along 一道走；赶快come at 向……扑过来come from 来自come on 跟随；上演；赶快；加油come out 出来；出版；结果是come to (oneself) 苏醒；总共；达到；涉及come to an agreement 达成协议come to a close/an end 终止；结束come to life 活过来come to light 泄露；被发现come to mind 想起；回忆起come to the point (讲话、写文章等)切中要害come to the/one’s rescue 营救；帮助come true 实现；变成现实come up with 想出；提出come into being/existence 出现；开始形成；成立come in 进来；上市；流行起来；(比赛中)得……名次(come in second 得第二名) 2. gogo about 此处走动go after 追赶；追捕；追求go ahead 前进；说吧；走吧；做吧(口语) go all out to do sth. 全力以赴做某事go beyond 超出；超出……的能力go by 从……经过/通过；时间流逝go back to 追溯到；回顾go down 下降；下跌go in for 参与；从事；爱好go into 进入；从事go off 离开某地；爆炸go over 复习；超过期限；审阅；仔细查看go out 熄灭；出去；过时go through 穿过；经受go too far 太过分；走得太远go with 相配(同义词match)go well with 协调；相配go wrong 出错；发生故障go around/round 绕道；四处走动；(故事、消息等)传开；萦绕3. keepkeep away 不靠近；远离keep back 向后退；保留keep in mind 记住；把……记在心里keep in order 保持整齐；使井井有条keep in touch with 保持联系keep one’s ears open 留心细听；倾听keep one’s eyes open 留心；注意keep out 不让入内；不要进来keep out of 不参与；不牵涉进去；置身事外keep quiet 保持安静keep up your courage 鼓起勇气；保持勇气keep up with 跟上keep off 不接近；保持距离；避开；回避(某话题) 4. looklook about/around 四周环顾look after 照顾look ahead 向前看；展望未来look at 看look back 回顾；回过头看look down upon 看不起look down one’s nose at 傲慢；轻视某人look forward to 期待look into 调查look like 看起来像look out (of) 当心；小心；向外看look through 浏览；看穿look up 仰视；查找(字典、电话本等) look up to sb. 尊敬look up and down上下打量(某人) look to 指望；寄望；依靠look on 袖手旁观look over 仔细检查5. makemake sense 说得通；有意义；言之有理make up 构成make up for 弥补；补偿make up one’s mind 下决心；决定make an effort to / make efforts to 努力；尽力make oneself heard 让自己被别人听到make good sense / no sense 有意义/没意义make fun of 嘲笑；取笑be made up of 由……组成/构成make tea/coffee 泡茶/泡咖啡make a living 某人make a difference 有影响；有关系make full use of 充分利用make excuses 超借口；辩解make a contribution to 为……做贡献make a complaint 提出投诉make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象6. putput away 放好；收起来put aside 放在一边；暂时不做；留出put back 放回原处put down 放下；拒绝；写下来put forward 提出(计划、建议等) put off 推迟；延期；脱掉(衣服等) put into use 投入使用put on 穿上；上演put out 扑灭；吹灭put up 举起；张贴put up with 忍受；忍耐put one’s heart into 全心全意投入put in prison 投入监狱put on weight 增肥put through 做完；完成；接通电话(=get through) 7. taketake away 拿走；带走take back 拿回来take A for B 把A误认为是B take part in 参加take advantage of 利用take care of 照顾take charge of 负责；管理take a chance 碰运气take hold of 抓住；掌握take notice of 留心；注意take the opportunity of 抓住机会take the place of 代替take the risk of 冒……的险take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据(时间、地方等)；从事于take in 吸收；欺骗take in turn 依次take a shower 冲凉take pride in = be proud of 为……感到骄傲8. turnturn against 背叛；反对turn around 转身；转过来turn up 调大声；出现turn down 调小声；拒绝turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn…into… 把……变成……turn in 上交(=hand in)turn out to be 结果是；结局是turn over 翻动；翻过turn to 转向；求助于turn right/left 右转/左转turn away 解雇；把……打发走turn back 折回9. getget accustomed to 习惯于get across 度过；通过；说服；使理解get ahead of 胜过；超过get on/along well with 与……相处融洽get away with侥幸逃脱；避免受罚get away from 拜托get back 取回；回来；报复get down to 认真对待；静下心来get familiar with 熟悉get hold of 获得；取得get into trouble 陷入麻烦get into bad habits 染上恶习get off 下车get on 上车get out of 从……出来get over 越过；克服get ready for 为……作准备get rid of 除去；去掉；免除；摆脱get through 通过；及格；接通get together 积聚；积累get up 起床；起立get used to 习惯于考点练透一、短语翻译根据句意将下列句子划线部分的英文翻译成中文。
高中英语知识点归纳分词的用法分词是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，它有着广泛的应用。
在高中英语学习中，掌握分词的用法对于学生的语言运用能力和阅读理解能力都有着极大的帮助。
本文将对高中英语中分词的用法进行归纳总结。
一、分词的定义分词是一种非常特殊的动词形式，它既有动词的特点，又具有形容词或副词的特点。
分词的形式有两种：现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed形式）。
在句子中，分词可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
下面将分别介绍这些用法。
二、现在分词的用法1.作定语现在分词可以修饰名词或代词，表示被修饰词的性质、特征或状态。
例如：a running horse（一匹奔跑的马）、a smiling child（一个微笑的孩子）。
2.作表语现在分词可以作为连系动词的表语，表示主语的特征或状态。
例如：She is amazing（她很令人惊叹）。
3.作状语现在分词可以修饰谓语动词，表示动作的方式、原因或时间。
例如：He left, crying（他边哭边离开）。
三、过去分词的用法1.作定语过去分词可以修饰名词或代词，表示被修饰词的性质、特征或状态。
例如：a broken window（一个破损的窗户）、a written report（一份书面报告）。
2.作表语和状语过去分词也可以作为连系动词的表语，表示主语的特征或状态。
例如：The door was closed（门是关着的）。
过去分词还可以修饰谓语动词，表示动作的结果。
例如：She arrived, tired（她疲惫地到达了）。
四、分词的完成时态在句子中，分词还可以和助动词have、has、had连用，形成完成时态。
一般现在分词加上have/has构成现在完成分词，过去分词加上had构成过去完成分词。
例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed（做完作业后，他去睡觉了）。
五、现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词的区别主要在于时间和动作性质。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校语法专项(九) 动词的非谓语形式考点一过去分词作状语1．过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，说明谓语动词的动作或状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.(这里give与句子的主语these teenage soccer players之间存在被动关系)给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。
[考题印证]—Can you introduce me a high quality machine?—My pleasure. ________(handle) well even on wet roads, this kind of car is very popular.解析：句意：——你能给我介绍一款高性能的机器吗？——我很乐意。
因为这款车即使在潮湿的道路上也能运行很好，所以很受欢迎。
handle和this kind of car是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用handle的ed形式。
答案：Handled2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词，只表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
•高三语法总复习•分词•分词要点•分词的形式•现在分词与过去分词的区别•分词的句法功能: 表语、补语、定语、状语•分词的形式•现在分词和过去分词的区别•现在分词：主动进行•The news is exciting.•The boy coming with us is Li Hua.•I saw him talking with a foreigner.•Being tired, the boy soon fell asleep .•过去分词：被动完成•I’m excited at the news.•The boy introduced to us is Li Hua.•I’ve never heard the song sung before.•Born into a poor family, he had only two years of school education.•现在分词和过去分词的区别•The book written by him is good.•The book being written by him is good.•The book to be written by him is sure to be good. （区分标志：by；分词后有无作宾语的名词）•The boy writing a book is good.•The boy having written many books is good.•Being questioned by a police officer at the moment, he could not come to attend to you. •Questioned by a police officer if he was the real owner of the car, he felt quite depressed. •一、分词的句法功能分词可以在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
分词分词是一种非谓语动词形式。
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
分词既具有动词的一些特征，可自带状语，有自己的逻辑主语，现在分词还可以带宾语，有时态和语态的变化。
它同时又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，可以作表语、定语、状语，也可以用于复合结构作宾语补足语等。
现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态如下表(如动词do为例)：否定式：not + 分词现在分词一、现在分词的特性：现在分词:二、现在分词的形式：三、现在分词的功能：A: 做定语（分析分词与____________的关系）a. 现在分词表示主动及进行的含义，相当于定语从句。
a sleeping boya boy sleeping on the bed （= a boy who is sleeping on the bed）注意：1。
单个的现在分词做定语，放在被修饰词的前面，即：前置现在分词短语做定语，放在被修饰词的后面，即：后置2。
在定语从句中，若关系代词做主语且谓语动词为be动词+分词，则可以把关系代词和be动词一起省略b. 现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，或表示某个经常的动作或状态.A rolling stone gathers no moss.The gentleman standing over there is our principal.注意:1. 现在分词完成式一般不做定语。
表示发生在位于动词之前的动作，用定语从句。
The girl having won the race is my deskmate.( ×)The girl who has won the match is my deskmate.( √)2. 现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。
The expert coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.( ×)The expert who came here yesterday will give us a lecture..( √)B：做表语：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征（相当于一个adj）(分析分词与_________的关系)有些动词（并非所有动词）的现在分词和过去分词相当于一个形容词如：动词interest的现在分词interesting和过去分词interested 已经可直接是adj 做表语了，eg:The book is interesting.I am interested (in the book).这些动词有：excite → exciting → excited puzzle → puzzling → puzzledmove → moving →moved frighten→ frightening →frightenedtire→ tiring →tired bore → boring → boredtouch → touching→ touched disappoint → disappointing → disappointed surprise → surprising → surprised shock → shocking → shockedastonish → astonishing → astonished amaze → amazing → amazedC: 做宾补：（分析分词与________的关系）I found him lying on the grass.(him为lying的逻辑主语）在下列短语中，现在分词都做宾补的成分：seehear/ look atnotice / watch/ observe sb. doingfeelfind / have / keepeg, I saw the little boy playing on the seaside just now.D. 做状语：（分析分词与_______的关系）●做时间状语（相当于一个时间状语从句）eg, Hearing the news, he began to cry.(=______________________________________ )●做原因状语（相当于一个原因状语从句）eg, Having no money, he didn’t buy the dress.(=________________________________________.)●做条件状语（相当于一个条件状语从句）eg, Turning to the left, you will find the farm.(= ________________________________________.)对比：______ to the left, and you will find the farm.. (用turn的适当形式填空)●做伴随状语 (分词短语搁在句前或句后均可)eg, Following his father, he entered the room.Or : He entered the room, following his father.●做结果状语eg, His parents died in the accident, leaving him an orphan.四．现在分词的时态语态：对比：Hearing the news, he began to cry.一般式Having heard the news, he began to cry.完成时：（强调“听到”的动作发生在谓语动作“开始”之前。
英语语法专题-ing 分词(2021-10-15 08:00:10)分标签：1. -ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。
-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式〔以do为例〕：主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done-ing分词的否认形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。
如：Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。
2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式：-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进展的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
3. -ing分词的被动式：-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。
根据-ing分词动作发生的时间是，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。
分词一、知识框架二、知识梳理分词是一种非谓语动词形式。
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
分词既具有动词的一些特征，可自状语，有自己的逻辑主语，现在分词还可以带宾语，有时态和语态的变化。
它同时又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，可以作表语、定语、状语，也可以用于复合结构作宾语补足语等。
（一）现在分词和过去分词的区别在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶（二）分词的句法功能一）作表语arrived, returned, passed, changed, faded等，这些主要是表示运动及转变的不及物动词，它们用作表语时带有书面语色彩，而且使用范围很窄。
例如：Summer is gone. 夏天过去了。
Autumn is come. 秋天到了。
The leaves are fallen．树叶落了。
The sun is risen.太阳升起来了。
分词可以在感官动词和使役动词等后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语。
若表动作进行，分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词；若表动作完成，分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。
常用于以下结构：1）感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel + sb/sth + doing/doneI saw a book lying thereA book was seen lying there.He found his hometown greatly changed after many years.2）表发现、致使：find/ discover/ catch/ get/ have/ leave/ keep /send/ set/ start + sb/sth + doingA flood hit the area the other day, leaving few houses standing.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.The girl who was caught cheating has admitted her mistake.A sudden rain sent the players and the audience running in all directions for cover.After repairing it, the mechanic managed to start the machine running again.3）表心理、致使：consider/ have/ get/ keep/ leave/ make + sb/sth + doneIt is time that you had your washing machine repaired.I will try my best to get my English improved.I considered this problem settled.4）表要求、希望、命令：declare/ like/ need/ order/ want/ wish + sb/sth + doneHe declared the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games closed.I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.Do you wish your breakfast (to be) brought to your room?5）with/without + sb/sth + doing/doneWith the fellow leading the way, we had no trouble finding the temple.With her skirt caught on a nail, she couldn’t move.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.They had passed without a singled word spoken.1）单个分词作定语，分词前置。
高三英语复习与训练九——分词9. 分词分词既有动词的特征，由有形容词和副词的特征。
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词没有这种区别。
及物动词的现在分词还有主动形式和被动形式的区别。
分词常用的形式如表所示（以及物动词do 和不及物动词go为例）：dogo主动被动现在分词doing being done going过去分词/ done gone完成式having done having been done /9.1 分词作定语不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。
分词的完成式一般不作定语。
分词作其他成分时，也是如此。
分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given, left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。
例如：We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given.这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.典型例题1）The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句which was written2）What's the language ____ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与language有被动关系。
该句可以理解为：What's the language （which is）spoken in German?9.2 分词作状语分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句。
例如：Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.典型例题1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。
being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。
followed by（被…跟随）。
本题可改为：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。
用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.A. HeatingB. To be heatedC. HeatedD. Heat答案C. 本题要选分词作为状语。
现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。
对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。
它相当于一个状语从句When it is heated，…注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。
如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
例如：Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
9.3 连词+分词（短语）有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。
连词有：when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。
例如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。
（waiting 和saw 的主语相同）9.4 分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。
例如：I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。
'll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分词作表语表示主语的状态等。
例如：She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分词作插入语分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
例如：generally speaking一般说来talking of （speaking of）说道strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从…判断all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
（speaking 不是dogs 的动作）9.7 分词的时态1）一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。
例如：Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。
只能在B，C中选一个。
又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生。
例如：While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.典型例题___ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。
根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。
分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。
该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.9.8 分词的语态1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
例如：He is the man giving you the money.（= who gave you…）他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car.（= who was stopped by…）他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。
例如：a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人a much-traveled may一个去过许多地方的人a burnt-out match烧完了的火柴高三英语复习与训练六——动名词6.动名词动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。
它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。
动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
时态/语态主动被动一般式writing being written完成式having written having been written6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语1）作主语。
例如：Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
