文本分析

ArabyIt is the name of the bazaar or market-place in the story.A romantic term for the Middle East. The word was popular throughout the 19thcentury—used to express the romantic view of the east that had been popular since Napoleon's triumph over Egypt.It represents the idealized, illusioned romantic love in the boy’s mind.It symbolizes people’s pursuit of a better life and an imaginary world.•No detailed description about her physical appearance. Why?•dream-like, spiritual, ideal visione.g.: She walks in beauty•It is not so much Mangan’s sister as an actual person that captivates the narrator, but his idea of her, and by extension of love.•Mangan's sister is considered as a symbol of brightness which seemed to the boy can help him escape from the current gloomy life.•He transforms in his mind an ordinary girl into an enchanted princess: untouchable, promising, saintly.•How is the boy indulged in his own world of fantasy?•He indulged himself into such passionate love so much that he ignored harsh, dirty reality of life, e.g. the turbulent politics, the tedious daily life, and the games that he used to play with other boys.•I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. But my body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires.•Confused adoration? Wires?•The boy's confusion about love and sexuality is conveyed brilliantly here. His choice of language is maudlin (sentimental易伤感的) and even ridiculous. Joyce's control of language is particularly clear in sentences like these, in which we recognize the young, confused voice of the boy.•How does Para. 16 depict the boy as being indulged in his own world of fantasy?•The boy tries to shut himself off from the outside world. He shuts his ears to his friends’ “weakened” and “indistinct” cries down in the street; and he sees nothing but “the brown-clad figure cast by” his “imagination, touched discreetly by the lamplight at the curved neck, at the hand upon the railings and at the border below the dress”.•In a word, he is blind in his love, totally lost in it.•What is significant about the fact that the boy lives with his uncle and aunt, not with his parents?•strengthens his sense of loneliness.•He is living in a world of his own, and nobody seems to understand him. The uncle does not realize how much agony his negligence causes in the boy who is counting the seconds to wait for his return and get the money for the trip to Araby.••In the story, Joyce creates a dull and drab background for the boy’s quest for beauty and romance, embodied in both the girl and Araby. How does Joyce relate the girl and the bazaar together besides the fact that the boy intends to buy something for the girl in the bazaar?•Both the girl and Araby are given religious dimension.•The girl is portrayed as an image of light and purity, very much in the image of Virgin Mary. For the boy, the girl’s name comes in strange prayers and pr aises.•Araby is heavily associated with the mysteries and miracles of the East, which are expected to be essentially different from the spiritual paralysis and religious hypocrisy in Dublin.•So the boy’s romantic love and religious love are subtly and ine xtricably (摆脱不了地) intertwined.•What does Araby look like? Is it just like the one he had imagined?•What sight or talk makes the boy become suddenly aware of his foolishness?•Ironically, when he finally arrived at the Araby market, he sadly finds that the Araby market turns out not to be the most fantastic place he had hoped it would be. •First, this special place turns out to be enemy territory for the young Irishman, as the British are running this bazaar.•It is late; most of the stalls are closed. The only sound is "the fall of coins" as men count their money (more focused on money than anything else).•Worst of all, from the flirt btw the salesgirl and two men, the boy realizes the love is profaned. This brief snippet (片断) of conversation is vulgar in tone: the British are vulgar, Ireland is vulgar (as in the character of the boy's uncle and Mrs. Mercer), and the boy is vulgar in the sense that his quest was not the spiritual journey he thought it was. •Joyce further stresses the theme of deception (including self-deception) in the story, by having the woman deny the accusers three times, thus recalling Peter's denial of his association with Christ. (see Matthew 26:69-75, as well as Mark 14:66-72; Luke 22:54-62, and John 18:16-27).•Why does Joyce include the scene in which a young lady is talking and laughing with two young men? What effect does this have on the boy?•The talk is a dramatic contrast and anticlimax to the boy’s big expectations.•It totally dissipates (驱散) the boy’s romantic feelings about A raby, which turns out to be nothing but a market, vulgar and trivial.•The brief scene is the turning point of the story, as everything goes downhill for the boy from here.•First, this special place turns out to be enemy territory for the young Irishman, as the British are running this bazaar.•This brief snippet (小片,片断) of conversation is commonplace, ordinary, even vulgar in tone: the British are vulgar, Ireland is vulgar (his uncle, Mrs. Mercer), and the boy is vulgar in the sense that his quest was not the spiritual journey he thought it was. •Joyce further stresses the theme of deception (including self-deception) in the story, by having the woman deny the accusers three times, thus recalling Peter's denial of hisassociation with Christ. (see Matthew 26:69-75, as well as Mark 14:66-72; Luke 22:54-62, and John 18:16-27).•Epiphany• A moment of illumination, usually occurring at or near the end of a work.•In this story, the epiphany occurs when the narrator realizes, with sudden clarity, that his dream of visiting the splendid bazaar has resulted only in frustration and disillusion.Why did the animals rebel against Mr.Jones and mankind in general?Because they were treated as slaves for human success and consumption. They wanted control over their own success and destiny.Who take the lead in the preparation for the rebellion? And how did they prepare for it?The work of teaching and organizing falls to the pigs, the cleverest of the animals, and especially to Napoleon and Snowball.Together with a silver-tongued pig named Squealer, they formulate the principles of a philosophy called Animalism and spread it among the other animals. They also have to counteract the lies put about by Moses.What is animalism and what does it represent?The theory of Animalism is a “complete system of thought,” representing Soviet Communism. (P3)What actually brought about the rebellion? (fuse)The animals were hungry and broke in to get food. When Jones tried to stop them, they ran him (and others) out.Why do the animals succeed in the revolution?The animals have been preparing to take over the farm, but they get their perfect opportunity when the farmer gets drunk and forgets to feed them. The cows go in and help themselves and then the farmer gets angry and whips them. Anger takes over, and soon the animals have taken control. Usually it won’t end up turning out the way they expected, but they succeeded by supporting each other.What did the animals do with Mr. Jones’s belongings after the revolution?They took over the farm, but destroyed his tools (traces of Jones’s hated reign), clothes (a mark of a human being), and almost everything that reminded them of Mr. Jones. The farmhouse was preserved as a museum.What is the connection btw Communism, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Napoleon the Pig? Napoleon the pig is obviously named after Napoleon I, who fought in the French Revolution (1789-1799), but then consolidated power for himself and left the French Empire in a state that, in many ways, looked like the monarchy they had just overthrown.When Karl Marx was writing his famous tract, The Communist Manifesto(1848), he was greatly inspired by the ideas at the heart of the French Revolution: liberty, equality, and fraternity. These principles no doubt helped give rise to the idea of the utopian state that Marx imagined as the end of history.What’s going on with Moses and the Joneses? They seem to have a closeness. Is there any connection between corrupt power and religion?There is some sort of affinity between Moses and the humans, as he leaves with Mr. and Mrs. Jones. “Mrs. Jones looked out of the bedroom window, saw what was happening, hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag, and slipped out of the farm by another way. Moses sprang off his perch and flapped after her, cr oaking loudly.” (2.12)Moses represents the Russian Orthodox Church, which was very closely aligned with the tsars of Russia up through Nicholas II. After the Bolshevik Revolution in October of 1917, the separation of church and state was declared for the first time in Russian history.Why do you think Orwell chose to use a fable in his condemnation of totalitarianism? What different opportunities of expression does a fable offer its author?Historically, fables or parables have allowed writers to criticize individuals or institutions without endangering themselves: an author could always claim that he or she had aimed simply to write a fairy tale—a hypothetical, meaningless children’s story. Orwell never condemns Stalin outright, a move that might have alienated certain readers, since Stalin proved an ally against Adolf Hitler’s Nazi forces. Moreover, the language of a fable comes across as gentle, inviting, and unassuming: the reader feels drawn into the story and can follow the plot easily. In writing a fable, Orwell expands his potential audience.1. Who is the narrator? Why did her mother tell her the story of “No Name Woman”?• A girl who has just reached puberty.• a story to grow up on•warn her away from premarital sex•to warn young Kingston, not to humiliate the family by making the same mistake•to show the values of her culture, traditions, and make Kingston a better person in life, without any disruptions2. Why did the villagers raid the house?Adultery was considered as immoral and associated with evil. Punishment was direct and swift. It consisted of subjecting (expose) a person convicted of adultery to public disgrace.3. What was her mother’s attitude towards her aunt’s adultery?Although Brave Orchid didn’t really forgive Max ine's Aunt for her sin, the tone in which she told the story was sympathetic. She also was critical of the barbaric acts of the villagers and the heartless society that drove people to seek fulfillment for their emotional needs beyond accepted social boundaries.4. What is the main idea of the story?•The story itself is controlled by a single idea—the suffering that results from sin. It focuses on the effect of sin on individuals and on the community.•cf. Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter•How do you understand the last paragraph?•Chinese-Americans, when you try to understand what things in you are Chinese, how do you separate what is peculiar to childhood, to poverty, insanities, one family, your mother who marked your growing with stories, from what is Chinese? What is Chinese tradition and what is the movies? (Para.11).•Kingston questions the idea of authenticity when it comes to Chinese identity in America.Her larger work in the memoir is to blur the lines between reality and fantasy, suggesting that there is no one truth.How does the author feel about the story she has heard?• 1. As a second-generation Chinese American, she is confused about fitting the stories of past Chinese generations to “solid America.”• 2. Instead of receiving the warning, Kingston defies it because she has broken the cultural tie of her Chinese lineage. She identifies with the no name aunt as a female ancestor who also broke the rules of tradition and as a woman warrior.What does the essay explore?•The essay explores fe male identity in old China and the author’s own cultural lineage. It also reflects on issues concerning immigrant culture, such as heritage and assimilation.•Kingston is trying to establish her own voice as a Chinese-American woman.•difficulty: a heritage which silences women; to straddle two very different cultures.•She identifies with her silent ancestor, who disobeyed the rules for women. She defies her mother’s warning by telling the story.•Kingston questions it, amplifies it, and views it with American eyes.。