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国际商务环境研究论文摘要：随着经济全球化进程加快，不同国家的商务往来日益频繁。
而在国际商务环境中这种频繁的往来、沟通和交流已不再是简单的商务往来而是文化与文化的碰撞，是一种跨文化交际。
本文主要探讨了跨文化交际能力在国际商务环境中的重要性，列举了跨文化商务活动中语言交际层面的几个重要方面，以及应对商务活动中文化差异的几个策略。
关键词：国际商务环境跨文化交际文化差异一、引言随着上个世纪六十年代跨国公司的涌现和不断增加，经济全球化进程不断加快，不同国家之间的商务往来频繁，不同文化的碰撞在商务活动中得到了充分的体现，于是在商务领域中很多商务活动不仅仅是商务行为，更是在文化层面上的交流与对话，是在商务环境中的跨文化交际行为，从而出现了跨文化商务交际。
因此了解不同文化之间的差异，对于成功进行商务活动、不同国家的商务合作、商务谈判等行为具有重要意义。
二、基本概念和跨文化交际的重要性跨文化交际涉及交际和文化两个概念。
从一定意义上说“交际即文化”，在交际过程中文化得以形成。
而文化是一个包罗万象的概念，“概括地讲，文化即是人们所思、所言、言语和非言语、所为、所觉的总和。
跨文化交际即‘不同文化背景的人们信息发出者和信息接受者之间的交际’。
不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化，也被自己的文化所塑造”。
而在国际商务环境中，不同国家的商务活动中必然渗透进不同的文化因素，这些文化差异必然影响商务行为，“大多数成功的企业不仅熟谙世界经济状况和全球竞争力，而且具有同国际企业有效交际的能力”。
因此，一个成功的企业不仅要具备高超的经济、技术和管理水平，还要深入了解他国文化以及不同文化间的差异，以便在商务活动中避免因为文化差异而造成的误解、冲突，从而进行成功的跨文化商务交际，达到预期的商务目标。
国际商务的本质是发生在国际间的经济交往活动。
经济交往的目的在于物质与服务的交换，而物质与服务的交换是通过人际交往实现的，所以国际商务活动的本质是人与人之间进行的跨文化的以商务为目的的交际活动，即跨文化商务交际。
中国面临的国际商务环境变化及影响因素摘要：90年代以来,与世界经济若干结构性变化相伴随, 国际商务环境发生了深刻变化,在自由、宽松、协调的主旋律下,日益朝着有利于国际商务活动的方向迅速发展。
企业要在激烈的竞争中生存,必然需要根据市场环境制定发展战略,应经济形势而动。
而今, 随着改革开放大开国门, 置身于全球化大潮中的中国企业要想国际分工的盛宴中分一杯羹就必须对所面临的国际商务环境做全面的了解。
关键字：国际商务环境；变化；影响因素自上世纪90年代以来，随着经济的发展，科学技术的进步和国际分工的深化，各国和地区经济相互开放日益扩大，商品、服务、资本、技术、人员等要素的流量越来越大，经济相互依存和相互作用的程度不断加深。
中国企业在过去的30年中发展迅速,加入WTO 后更是广泛的参与到国际分工合作中, 积极开展国际业务, 形成了一大批外向型出口企业, 一些国内实力较强的企业也纷纷开拓国际市场,进行海外并购和投资等。
在国际业务迅速发展的同时,中国企业也面临诸多困难。
一、国际商务环境新变化1、电子商务逐渐成为国际商务的重要经营方式。
目前，通过网络进行交易活动已经成为一种潮流。
电子商务的发展对现有的国际商务经营方式是一次根本性的变革。
它能有效地利用有效的资源、加快商业周期循环、节省时间、降低成本和增强企业的竞争力。
有专家评论说，电子商务的作用之大相当于历次工业革命的作用。
2、国际商务的经营组织方式越来越趋于全球化。
在经济全球化日益深化的今天，企业的跨国经营正迎来一个全盛时期，一切高水平、高层次、大规模的贸易投资活动均以跨国公司为主体进行，跨国公司在国际商务活动中一直发挥着重要作用。
目前包括中国在内的许多发展中国家正在积极发展本国的跨国公司，鼓励更多的企业“走出去”，实现真正意义的跨国经营。
这些都将进一步推动国际商务的经营组织方式日益全球化。
3、国际商务交易中的技术知识比重越来越大。
经济全球化促使世界各国人民的经济生活日渐融合，而融合是在全球信息化、电视、传真、光纤等高技术发展的促进和推动下产生的。
The report of Business EnviromentName: Shao xiayuSCN: 20085878339ContentSummary (1)Introduction (1)Findings (2)1.Outcome 1: identify the mission, objectives and responsibilities of an organization within its environment (2)1.1.Identify the mission, values and key objectives of Lenovo and assessthe influence of stakeholders (2)1.2.Evaluate the extent to which Lenovoachieves the objectives of threestakeholders (3)1.3.explain the responsibilities of Lenovo and strategies employed to meetthem. (7)2.Outcome 2: Investigate the economic, social and global environment in which organizations operate (9)2.1.explain how economic systems attempt to allocate and make effectiveuse of resources (9)2.2.Discuss the impact of social welfare and industrial policy initiatives onorganizations and the wider community (11)2.3.Evaluate the impact of macro economic policy measures and theinfluence of the global economy on UK-based organizations and stakeholders (12)3.Outcome 3: Investigate the behavior of organizations and the market environment (14)3.1.explain how market structures in practice deviate from the model ofperfect competition (14)e a range of examples to illustrate the relationship between marketforces and organizational responses (15)3.3.Explain the behavior and competitive strategies employed by anorganization and discuss the role of the Competition Commission and regulatory bodies (16)4.Conclusion (17)5.Reference (18)Lenovo's corporate positioning and corporate mission affected its stakeholders, Lenovo is how to achieve the interests of stakeholder’s demands with corporate values and mission. And Lenovo how to achieve the common development of the stakeholders.IntroductionAn enterprise in order to survive in the market, they must adapt to business environment. In this paper we will discuss the Lenovo's business environment. Include identify the mission, objectives and responsibilities of the organization within its environment; investigate the economic, social and global environment in which organizations operate; investigate the behavior of organizations and the market environment.1.Outcome 1: identify the mission, objectives and responsibilities of anorganization within its environment1.1.Identify the mission, values and key objectives of Lenovo and assessthe influence of stakeholdersLenovo BackgroundLenovo Group was established in 1984 in Beijing, China, and today has grown into one of the world company. Lenovo Group in 1994, listed in Hong Kong (stock code 992). In the past quarter of a century, PC in the rapidly growing popularity around the world, changed the way people work and live, greatly improved productivity and social efficiency, in this history, Lenovo played a crucial role. As a global leader in PC industry, Lenovo to independent innovation and customer service philosophy, not only for 11 consecutive years to maintain a leading position in China, but also in China and Asia, composed of PC legend stunning. Lenovo will always be committed to developing, manufacturing and sales of the most reliable, safe-to-use technology products and high-quality professional services to help all global customers and partners to succeed. Lenovo's ultimate goal is to improve the overall personal computer owners experience, while reducing total cost of ownership. Lenovo's mission: to innovation and customer benefitCreat the world's best and most innovative products.Treated the cost of innovation as the technological innovation.Make more people access to newer and better technology.The lowest total cost of ownership (TCO), higher efficiency.Lenovo's core values•Achievement customers - we are committed to each customer's satisfaction and success.•entrepreneurial innovation - we are in pursuit of customer and company are critical to innovation, while quickly and efficiently to promote its implementation. •Integrity Integrity - We uphold the trust, honesty and the sense of responsibility, whether internal or external.•multi-win-win situation - we are promoting mutual understanding and value diversity, taking a global perspective look at our culture.1.2.Evaluate the extent to which Lenovoachieves the objectives of threestakeholdersCustomerEnterprise's development is inseparable from the customers supports its enterprise products, customers can better achieve the interests of promoting the development of enterprises, the interests of customers with the lowest investment objective is to get the most satisfactory products, including product quality, price, after-sales service and so on, Lenovo's first mission to "create the world's best and most innovative products"a very good implementation of the customer's requirements, the best and most innovative product is the customer's interest demands, Lenovo mission the second, " Treated the cost of innovation as the technological innovation " and fourth "the lowest total cost of ownership (TCO), greater operational efficiency, "refers to the work product of the efforts to reduce the cost, cost reduction means lower prices, the price reduction is one of the client's interest demands, Lenovo language summary of the mission:" To customers the best interests of innovation " reflects the Lenovo customer-oriented, the clients interests first and realize a win-win business customers and to create the best products to meet customers.Lenovo is aware of the importance of enterprise customers, only then the first one on the business customer, which is Lenovo's business through the fifteen years to create the myth of the most important one of the reasons.ShareholdersLenovo's goal is to pursue the interests of shareholder’s benefits maximize and hope that enterprises bigger and stronger, in order to maximize the economic effects of the shareholders, a business bigger and stronger in order to bring economic effects, we need a group of loyal customer base, Customers buy more products in order to bring more economic effect, Lenovo in the enterprise's mission to put customers first, but also to the clients to increase investment, good after-sales service and other related services to win customers a common praise, and establish a good corporate image, with a large number of loyal buyers, Lenovo sales increased year by year from its inception in 2008, a turnover of 16.4 billion U.S. dollars, Interests of the shareholders goals were achieved. Lenovo's core values, where the fourth "multiple win-win situation - we are promoting mutual understanding and value diversity, to look at our global vision of the culture." The realization of multi-win-win situation as the enterprise's values to achieve a common goal of profitability as a business, Lenovo enterprise development created the myth of wealthy shareholders, but also the development of enterprises and write a myth of LegendSocial environmentEnterprise is an organizational form, is a part of society, enterprises as a part of society, its development is inseparable from the social. Lenovo well as a business to fulfill its social responsibility. In August 2008, as the IOC global partner, Lenovo for the Beijing Olympic Games 30000 provides computing equipment and 580 engineers to the team for the Beijing Olympic Games provides information technology, equipment and service support to protect the Olympic Games 17 days information system to run perfectly. Lenovo Olympic experience through digital cafes such as the Olympic Hall and the public to bring Hi-tech Olympics and the athletes a whole new experience comfortable and convenient information services, of the Olympic marketing program through the successful global dissemination of the Olympic spirit, create a Lenovo brand. Lenovo to superior products, innovative technology and high quality service has won unanimous praise from all walks of life in order to perfect the performance of the support of the success of the Beijing Olympic Games runningsmoothly. Lenovo's commitment to become a responsible and active corporate citizen through their own long letter, and continuously improve their business, in order to contribute to social development. Lenovo convinced that business is an important part of the community and are committed to work together with staff and the local community to improve the quality of people work and live. In 2003 and 2005, Lenovo China's SARS prevention and control respectively to the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster in South Asia provided financial assistance in May 2008 in Wenchuan after the earthquake the first time, Lenovo donated 10 million yuan and the organization of employees donate blood. Lenovo also actively supports China's use of the development of sports and fitness, respectively, to the Chinese national women's soccer team, the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Bid Committee and the Olympic torch Everest climbers provide funding and equipment support. Lenovo's business did not forget its development is inseparable from the community, be mindful of the community, the return of socialLenovo in environmental protection has done a lot of contributions in May 2005, Lenovo Group's acquisition of IBM Personal Computing Division, serves as an innovative, international technology company. As the world's personal computer (PC) market, the "leader of a group," Lenovo is committed to research and development, production and marketing of technologically sophisticated, stable and reliable, excellent quality PC products and value-added while Lenovo also provides professional services to help customers around the world through a more Wisdom methods to improve productivity and competitiveness. Lenovo Group and IBM upholds a long tradition of environmental protection, Lenovo will be unshaken in the global implementation of environmental policies and environmental programs. Lenovo is committed to all business activities, environmental affairs, who are the first examples, and unswervingly carry forward the long tradition of protecting the environment. Lenovo's full compliance with international norms, and implemented a series of volunteer programs at the same time, Lenovo is also determined to go further, always ready to seize the opportunities. As a new company, Lenovo actively exploringways to vigorously carry out environmental protection work, and to integrate it into their business practice. Lenovo's comprehensive long-term plan covering all aspects of the operation from the field to product design to recycling. Corporate strategies, policies and guidelines on corporate environmental responsibility has made the relevant provisions of. All the managers and ordinary employees, as well as Lenovo's contractor, have an obligation to help the association to honor commitment to environmental protection.Staffemployees as internal staff, their overall level determines the overall level of development of enterprises, Lenovo Group is committed employees create and maintain a healthy and safe working environment. The Group's strategy, policies and guiding principles should support the staff's commitment to safety and health. Through education, prevention and control in order to achieve employee health and safety, enterprise innovation, efficiency and continuous improvement is essential. Lenovo to staff development and security as a prerequisite for the development of the company, recognizing the company's development is inseparable from the enterprise to pay employees, Lenovo's core values, where Lenovo is also reflected to the right of staff responsibilities, Lenovo's business development and also to improve standards of welfare for staff to achieve the interests of staff objectives, Lenovo also paid attention to safety of their staff in 2006, Lenovo's global occupational safety and health institutions to focus on IBM's personal computer business by Lenovo of China and the Department of Prior to the implementation of the plan together as one to develop and implement a global association of occupational safety and health programs. In this process, Lenovo introduced on the 3rd company policy, "employee occupational safety and health responsibility." On this basis, Lenovo is committed to provide employees with safe and healthy workplace. In order to support the achievement of these policy objectives, Lenovo has prepared for all over the world. Lenovo institutions "Global Occupational Safety and Health Manual." In addition, Lenovo is building a number of occupational safety and health commissioner, as Lenovo'smanufacturing plant in China, local experts. Lenovo has begun a systematic manner with a variety of business activities related to safety and health matters of formal and informal review to track the progress of the project. Lenovo restaurant staff to conduct a health check on all the implementation of a formal audit of production facilities, and new large-scale properties for the construction safety and health review. Lenovo will consistently monitor their global occupational safety and health matters.Lenovo stakeholders SummaryLenovo stakeholders to achieve with each win, the requirements of stakeholders as the enterprise's mission and core values, the interests of stakeholders in achieving the objectives of the case, but also to achieve the development goals of enterprises, Lenovo's successful development is also reflected building a harmonious society, social background, achieve win-win situation, is a contemporary business model.1.3.explain the responsibilities of Lenovo and strategies employed to meetthem.Lenovo's Corporate Social ResponsibilityLenovo insist on integrity management, continuous learning and innovation, a positive commitment to the value chain partners, environmental and social responsibility; return on long-term interests of shareholders, there is no ceiling to the stage employees, achievements customers, and partners win-win situation, protect the environment, feedback community. To do good global corporate citizen, make the world a better place because of Lenovo! Lenovo's basic principles: integrity of law-abiding - exercise self-discipline, integrity management, to comply with Lenovo's business laws of the countries and regions, making the local citizens. Full participation - all of Lenovo's corporate social responsibility is one of shared responsibilities, We need to view corporate social responsibility and the close integration of the business to make it in our consciousness, behavior and results to be reflected. Collaborative development - to enhance communication with stakeholders and cooperation, understanding and responding to their expectations and requirements,common to achieve sustainable development. Concerned that the global - as derived from the internationalization of Chinese enterprises attach importance to and actively concerned about global types of major social and environmental issues.Lenovo's financial responsibilityLenovo's shareholders and investors, the primary responsibility rests with the timely and accurate disclosure of operational and other important information, provide a reasonable return on investment and implement the basic principles of responsible investment, enterprise and healthy development of return on long-term interests of shareholders. To this end, Lenovo introduced the following basic policies: strict corporate governance, enhancing transparency; from long-term interests of shareholders for the shareholders and investors to provide a reasonable return on investment; in the business process to adhere to the philosophy and principles of responsible investment, will it be meet the relevant requirements of social responsibility as an important reference for decision-making.Lenovo's environmental responsibilityLenovo is committed to all business activities, environmental affairs, who are the first examples. Corporate strategy, policies and guidelines have made the relevant provisions in support of Lenovo to become pioneer in environmental protection. All the managers and ordinary employees as well as in Lenovo's place of work the contractor have an obligation to help the association to achieve the following objectives: through the reuse and recycling materials, purchasing recycled materials and use recyclable packaging and other materials, saving natural resources. R & D, production and sales of reusable, recycling or safe disposal of energy-saving environmentally friendly products.With no adverse effects on the environment R & D and production processes, minimizing waste, preventing air pollution, water pollution and other pollution, maximizing occupational safety and health, safety and responsible disposal of waste. In the business activities take action to improve energy efficiency energy-savingmeasures, where feasible, to give priority to renewable energy use. Personally and actively participate in environmental activities, to share pollution prevention science and technology, knowledge and methods.Lenovo's social responsibilityLenovo set up a global occupational health and safety team, specifically responsible for establishing occupational health and safety policies, procedures and operating standards and supervise their implementation, is also responsible for the promotion of association and staff, contractors and other related contacts between the parties to consult in order to eliminate potential safety problems . Lenovo through the implementation of OHSAS18001 occupational health and safety management system to better manage health and safety risks. Lenovo is also business strategy, plans, assessments, and the products to consider employee health and safety requirements, focusing on implementing and improving processes and control links, to provide staff with appropriate health and safety training. In order to prevent occupational accidents, occupational diseases and disease. In all factories, Lenovo introduced about 30 different involving safety, industrial hygiene, occupational health and employee health care plans and emergency contingency plans, Lenovo is also a year of each plant occupational health and safety conditions at least twice a review and evaluation of and an audit.2.Outcome 2: Investigate the economic, social and global environment in whichorganizations operate2.1.explain how economic systems attempt to allocate and make effectiveuse of resourcesAn economy is a system for allocation and use of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited human wants.The basic and general economic systems are:1.Market economy (the basis for several "hands off" systems, such as capitalism).2.Mixed economy (a compromise economic system that incorporates some aspects of the market approach as well as some aspects of the planned approach).3.Planned economy (the basis for several "hands on" systems, such as socialism, or a command economy).4.Traditional economy (a generic term for the oldest and traditional economic systems)5.Participatory economics (a recent proposal for a new economic system)6.Inclusive Democracy (a project for a new political and economic system)we discuss three system: Market economy, Mixed economy and Planned economy.In a market economy, the production and demand balance which is through the interaction of supply and demand and prices achieved. Oversupply, price declines, production and reduced; in short supply, prices rise, production increases; Supply and demand balance, the distribution of different departments, and the resource allocation become reasonable.A planned economy is an economic system in which the state or workers' councils manage the economy.It is an economic system in which the central government makes all decisions on the production and consumption of goods and services. A planned economy must start from the national economy and natural characteristics of the actual situation, according to the needs of socialist construction in a planned arrangements for the development of national economy and various sectors proportional relationship between the rational distribution of productive forces, and effective use of human, material, financial resources, improving production and the balance between the need to promote the coordinated development of national economy to meet the needs of national construction and people's increasing material and cultural life needs. Is not as well as the market economy what consumption of natural resources, is a green economy.A mixed economy is an economic system that incorporates a mixture of private andgovernment ownership or control, or a mixture of capitalism and socialism. In such an economic system, the decision-making structures have focused on aspects of both decentralized features; Accordingly, the decision-makers motivation and incentives can be economic, it can be passively accept orders from their superiors; the same time, the entire economic system the transmission of information through prices and also plans to carry out.2.2.Discuss the impact of social welfare and industrial policy initiatives onorganizations and the wider communityThe impact of welfare to LenovoWelfare or social welfare consists of actions or procedures —especially on the part of governments and institutions —striving to promote the basic well-being of individuals in need. Welfare also refers to the range of services which are provided to protect people in a number of conditions, including childhood, sickness and old age, unemployment, and many other aspects of their lives including sometimes their mental health . These efforts usually strive to improve the financial situation of people in need.In a more general sense, welfare also means the well-being of individuals or a group, in other words their health, happiness, safety, prosperity, and fortunes. Good social welfare help to improve staff enthusiasm for work, it will allow their employees time at work is more assured because of worry about their standard of living will decline, so they can wholeheartedly into the work. An industrial policy is a set of actions executed by interventionist or mixed-economy countries in order to affect the way in which factors of production are being distributed across national industries. Today most industrial policy is subordinated to tax, tariff and trade rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and various trade pacts promising various degrees of "free trade", which in practice means limited subsidy and no protectionism of any one industry. An active intervention in industrial development is the policy of most if not all countries in the world. Even the United States, which prides itself as a "free-trading" nation, has implemented strong tax, tariff, and trade laws to protect itself from "dumping", the flooding of a market by a competing nation with goods or services below market prices in order to gain an advantage overdomestic firmsThe relationship between industrial policy and LenovoAn industrial policy is a set of actions executed by interventionist or mixed-economic countries in order to affect the way in which factors of production are being distributed across national industries. Some scholars in China is defined as "industrial policy is that when a country's industry is the state's industrial backwardness than others, or may be lagging behind other countries, to strengthen domestic industries have taken a variety of policy." For example, Automotive Industry Policy is a Semi-protection policy, it impede cooperate with Automobile multinationals. That’s led to the slow development of the automobile industry. Different from Automotive Industry Policy, PC Industry Policy is a full open policy that makes the PC manufacturing and technology with the world; PC industries have been the rapid development of. Long time ago, National implement PC go to the countryside policy, that make Lenovo gained greater market share and more profit. We can see that Industry policy extremely influence the industry development.2.3.Evaluate the impact of macro economic policy measures and theinfluence of the global economy on UK-based organizations andstakeholdersThe impact of macro economy to LenovoNarrow monetary policy: the central bank to achieve the established economic goals (price stability, promoting economic growth, achieving full employment and balance of international payments) use a variety of tools for regulating the money supply and interest rates, thereby affecting macroeconomic policies and measures put together. Broad monetary policy: the governments, central banks and other relevant requirements in respect of all the money and take all measures affecting financial variables. (Including the financial system, that is, changes to the rules, etc.) Regulate money supply through the central bank affect interest rates and economic supply of credit in the extent to which indirect effects of aggregate demand，in order to meetthe total demand and total supply tends to the ideal balance of a series of measures. That is divided into expansionary monetary policy and tightening. Expansionary monetary policy by increasing the growth rate of money supply to stimulate aggregate demand, in this policy, easier access to credit, interest rates will be reduced. Thus, when aggregate demand is low when compared with the economy's productive capacity, use of expansionary monetary policy is most appropriate. Tightening of monetary policy through the reduction of money supply growth rate to reduce the level of aggregate demand, in this policy, more difficult access to credit, interest rate increases. Therefore, the more serious inflation, the adoption of tight monetary policy more appropriate. Tools of monetary policy are: to adjust the statutory deposit reserve ratio, adjust the discount rate and open market operations. Money supply will affect the social aggregate supply and aggregate demand balance, thus affecting the price, because Lenovo is produce hardware facilities. Fiscal policy: from the laws of speaking, fiscal policy is generally through the revenue and expenditure lines to be implemented. The analysis of fiscal policy can look at the financial income (including tax revenue and a variety of regulatory fees, income, etc.), expenditure (including poverty, subsidies, transfer payments such as unemployment benefits, as well as home finance in the fixed assets investment, etc.), these two lines. Countries to obtain revenue corresponding with the residents will reduce the company's and money. Tax revenue growth in value-added tax should be the added value of industrial production is consistent. And corporate income tax is income-related benefits and residents. In a time when the country crack down on smuggling, the Customs Tariff income will increase accordingly. Stamp duty on securities transactions directly with the stock market closely related to trading volume.The influence of the global on Lenovo and stakeholdersThe global economy is the world's economic activity beyond national borders, through trade, capital flows, technology transfer, and provision of services, interdependent and interrelated and the formation of an organic economy as a whole on a global scale. "Economic globalization" is an important characteristic of thecontemporary world economy, is one of the important trends in world economic development. Economic globalization refers to the trade, investment, finance, the globalization of production and other activities, namely, the elements to survive in the global best fit within the home. From its source is a high degree of international division of labour productivity and the development of peoples and nations called for further cross-border product. Global is a trend for the internal businesses, especially Lenovo. It has very important influence for Lenovo.3.Outcome 3: Investigate the behavior of organizations and the marketenvironment3.1.explain how market structures in practice deviate from the model ofperfect competitionThe market structure within the industry refers to a number of buyers and sellers and their size distribution, degree of product differentiation and new enterprises to enter the industry, a comprehensive state of ease, it can be said to be a market among the various elements of the intrinsic linkages and their characteristics, including market between suppliers and demand between, supply and demand, as well as between the suppliers available on the market demand, and those suppliers are entering the market demand, the relationship between.the market will be affected by many factors, such as the country's economic level, the country's economic policies, people's purchasing power, people's demands, and market size. In market, many factors are not be expected, the sudden war, stock market volatility, and the birth of new industries, all will impact on market development.Lenovo company as a leader of local enterprises in China account for a larger market share, but with the foreign companies enter the Chinese market, China's market quickly being carved up. Hewlett-Packard, DELL and other companies in China's market share has gradually increased.The theory of market model, some conditions are not changing in circumstances,。
电子商务环境下的税收流失问题及对策分析论文电子商务（e-commerce）是指利用互联网等信息技术，进行商品和服务的交易和流通的方式。
随着互联网技术和网络支付方式的不断发展，电子商务已成为经济发展的重要推动力。
然而，电子商务的快速发展也带来了一系列的问题，其中最为突出的就是税收流失问题。
本文将从税收流失的原因、影响以及对策等方面进行探讨。
一、税收流失的原因税收流失是指在电子商务交易中，由于各种因素导致的税收漏洞，使得国家税收无法得到有效征收的现象。
主要原因有以下几点：1.电子商务交易的复杂性。
电子商务交易通常涉及多个国家、地区的商品和服务，税收征收难度较大，容易出现税收漏洞。
2.税收政策的滞后性。
由于电子商务的快速发展，税收政策相对滞后，难以及时跟进，导致税收征收效果不佳。
3.信息不对称。
电子商务交易中，卖家和买家之间的信息不对称，容易出现虚假交易和逃税现象。
4.税收征收机制的不完善。
电子商务交易中，税收征收机制相对不完善，容易出现漏洞，使得税收无法得到有效征收。
二、税收流失的影响税收流失对国家财政收入和经济发展都会带来不良影响。
具体表现在以下几个方面：1.国家财政收入减少。
税收流失会导致国家财政收入减少，影响政府的财政支出和社会公共服务的提供。
2.企业竞争不公平。
逃税的企业可以以更低的价格销售商品和服务，导致其他企业的生存和发展受到影响。
3.不利于国际经济合作。
税收流失会导致国际贸易不公平，影响国际经济合作的发展。
三、对策分析为了解决税收流失问题，需要采取一系列的对策，包括：1.完善税收征收机制。
加强税收征收机制的建设，完善电子商务交易的税收征收方式和流程，提高税收征收效率和准确性。
2.加强税收政策的制定和跟进。
及时跟进电子商务的发展，制定符合实际的税收政策，以防止税收漏洞的出现。
3.加强信息公开和监管。
加强对电子商务交易信息的监管和公开，提高卖家和买家之间的信息对称性，防止虚假交易和逃税现象的出现。
中国企业面临的国际商务环境问题探讨目前，我国的各行各业的发展迅速，在经济全球化的今天，企业的发展也要跟上时代的步伐，加强自身国际商务工作成为了很多企业关注的问题，结合文化传播发展的特点的国际商务活动有利于促进经济交流活动的完成。
国际商务管理不但给企业创造了更多的经济价值还宣扬了国家的优秀文化，所以文化因素影响了企业管理质量，达到国际商务交流的目的。
标签：中国企业面临;国际商务;环境问题探讨随着全球化进程的不断深入推进，使得国际商务环境得到了越来越多的重视，而为了让中国企业能够在激烈的国际竞争中生存下来，就必须要制定出符合当前现状的发展战略。
因此，本文从实际角度出发，首先对中国企业面临的国际商务环境分析加以明确，其次对中国企业面临的国际商务问题深入分析，在此基础上，提出改善中国企业面临的国际商务环境问题具体措施，以求能够进一步提升中国企业在国际商务环境中竞争力。
1国际商务交流中的文化差异1.1不同国家之间文化价值观的差异与区别中国作为千年文明古国，形成的主要是儒家倡导的和谐、仁爱的思想。
但是其他国家有着自己不同的发展历史，我们不能强求各个国家的人民去接受我们文化价值观。
例如西方发到国家强调个人英雄主义，个人自由，人权，而我国儒家思想倡导集体主义和团队意识。
在不同文化价值观的驱使下，求同存异应该成为广泛的共识，在国际商务交流中不能把自己国家的文化强硬的要求合作的对方认同和执行，这是必须要遵守的问题。
1.2不同国家之间思维方式的差异与区别由于不同的生活习惯、民族根源、宗教信仰，各个国家的思维方式也较为不同。
在国家商务洽谈的过程中，我国談判的习惯一般都是对个合同中应遵守的条款、原则等方面开始讨论最终的落脚点往往都是双方的利益点，而一些西方发达国家的商务谈判代表的习惯是开门见山地对合同中的细节内容商榷，双方国家的习惯不同，间接的也体现了国家的文化价值观的差异，双方都应该对对方国家的文化加以了解并尊重才能在合作的过程中避免不必要的误会，最终获得国际商务洽谈的成功，从而得到双赢。
国际商务论文在当今全球化的时代背景下，国际商务发展日益迅速。
与此同时，国际商务对于世界各国经济的发展和合作也起到至关重要的推动作用。
本文将探讨国际商务的定义、发展趋势以及对经济的影响，并着重分析全球化对国际商务的影响。
一、国际商务的定义与特点国际商务是指不同国家之间进行的贸易和投资活动。
随着全球经济一体化的加深，国际商务在全球范围内的重要性不断凸显。
国际商务的主要特点包括：跨国性、高风险、多元化、复杂性等。
在国际商务活动中，涉及到的因素众多，如文化差异、法律法规、政治风险等，因此，国际商务的管理和运作具有一定的挑战性。
二、国际商务的发展趋势1.信息技术的快速发展：随着互联网技术的普及和应用，国际商务的信息传递和交流变得更加便捷和迅速。
通过电子商务平台，企业可以实现全球范围内的在线交易和合作。
2.自由贸易的推动：各国政府为了促进经济发展和国际合作，普遍采取了自由贸易政策，通过降低关税和非关税壁垒，促进了国际贸易的自由化。
3.全球供应链的形成：全球化的推动下，各国之间形成了复杂的供应链网络。
企业通过全球范围内的合作与协商，实现资源共享和成本优化，提高了生产效率和市场竞争力。
4.跨国公司的崛起：跨国公司在国际商务中发挥着重要的作用。
他们通过全球范围内的分支机构和合作伙伴，跨越国家和地域，实现资源整合和利益最大化。
三、全球化对国际商务的影响1.市场扩大：全球化使得市场范围更广，企业可以直接进入国际市场，并面对更多的潜在客户。
同时，消费者也可以从全球范围内选择更多的产品和服务。
2.竞争加剧：全球化带来了更多的竞争对手，企业面临更激烈的竞争压力。
只有提高产品质量和降低成本，才能在竞争中立于不败之地。
3.资源整合：跨国公司通过全球范围内的资源整合，实现了资源的优化配置，提高了效率和利润。
同时，发展中国家也能获得更多的外资和技术支持，推动了经济发展。
4.文化交流：全球化促进了不同国家之间的文化交流与融合，沟通和理解的渠道更加畅通。
国际商务管理环境变化探讨近年来，国际商务管理环境发生了巨大的变化，这些变化深刻影响着全球商业的发展方向和格局。
随着全球化的不断推进，信息技术的飞速发展，贸易体系和商业模式的不断创新，国际商务管理环境发生了诸多变化，这些变化对企业的国际化经营提出了新的要求和挑战。
本文将对国际商务管理环境变化进行探讨，分析其对企业国际化经营的影响，并提出相应的应对策略。
一、信息技术的飞速发展信息技术的飞速发展是国际商务管理环境变化的重要方面。
随着互联网、大数据、人工智能等新兴技术的不断涌现，信息技术已经成为企业国际化经营的重要支撑。
信息技术的发展使得商业活动不再受限于时间和空间的约束，企业可以通过互联网实现全球化经营，开拓更广阔的市场空间。
信息技术的发展也为企业提供了更加高效的生产、管理和营销工具，提高了企业的国际竞争力。
信息技术的飞速发展对企业的国际化经营产生了深远的影响。
企业需要不断更新自身的信息技术能力，提高信息化水平，以适应国际商务管理环境的变化。
企业需要重新审视自身的商业模式，积极利用信息技术手段进行创新，开拓新的商业领域，提高市场竞争力。
企业还需加强对信息技术的合规管理，防范信息安全风险，确保国际商务活动的顺利进行。
针对信息技术飞速发展的变化，企业应积极推进信息化战略，提高信息技术的应用水平，建立完善的信息管理体系，不断提升企业的数字化化水平。
企业还应加强信息安全管理，完善风险防范机制，保障国际商务活动的安全稳定进行。
二、贸易体系和商业模式的不断创新随着全球化进程的不断推进，贸易体系和商业模式也在发生着巨大的变化。
传统的贸易体系和商业模式已经无法满足当今国际商务发展的需要，因此不断出现新的贸易体系和商业模式。
电子商务、跨境电商、区块链等新兴贸易模式的出现，为企业提供了全新的国际化经营机遇和挑战。
贸易体系和商业模式的不断创新对企业的国际化经营提出了新的要求。
企业需要不断开拓新的贸易渠道，积极探索跨境电商、海外直邮、区块链等新兴贸易模式，拓展国际市场。
海尔集团商业环境分析●公司简介：海尔集团是世界白色家电第一品牌，1984年创立于中国青岛，截至2009年，海尔集团在全球建立了29个制造基地，8个综合研发中心，19个海外贸易公司，全球员工超过6万人。
2009年，海尔集团全球营业额实现1243亿元（182亿美元），品牌价值812亿元，自2002年以来连续8年蝉联中国最有价值品牌榜首。
海尔积极履行社会责任，援建了129所希望小学，制作了212集儿童科教动画片《海尔兄弟》，是2008年北京奥运会全球唯一白色家电赞助商。
●企业的使命、目标和责任：i.企业使命是对企业存在原因的表述，是企业最基本，使自己区分与其它企业的经营目的，是企业一段时期内最基本的发展方向，反映了企业管理人员对企业性质和活动特征的认识，是企业制定和实施战略的依据。
面对新的全球化竞争条件，海尔确立全球化品牌战略、启动"创造资源、美誉全球"的企业精神和"人单合一、速决速胜"的工作作风，挑战自我、挑战明天，为创出中国人自己的世界名牌而持续创新！海尔通过五步来完成企业使命：1.经营主线：如果说以前的海尔是冰箱作为主要产品，经营主线，那么现在的海尔的经营主线则是以白色家电为主，其它家电为辅。
2.经营目的：首先是经济目的，对以前的海尔来说，其经营目的则肯定是生存为主，发展和盈利为辅的，但是对于现在的海尔，生存已经不再是问题了，所以是以发展和盈利为主的经济目的。
社会目的的话，海尔的则是要做出自己的品牌，让海尔是中国家电的英雄这个概念人人皆知。
3.管理哲学：没有优秀的管理者，就不可能有今天的海尔，所以说，海尔的管理哲学是非常出色的，如：海尔作风：迅速反应、马上行动；海尔生存理念：永远战战兢兢、永远如履薄冰；海尔精神：敬业报国、追求卓越；海尔质量理念：优秀的产品是优秀的人干出来的，这些都是非常好的管理哲学管理理念。
4.公众形象：不在于拥有多少资源，而在于利用多少资源，这是海尔的资源理念，从中就可以看出海尔对资源的态度，资源是稀缺的，但是我们只要好好利用已有的资源，其价值也是相当大的。
电子商务改革现状以及对策影响论文（共4篇）随着现在网络的发展，也让电子商务行业愈发的火爆了，同时也给人们的生活带来了一些便利，它是我们这个时代的重要产物，它是一种崭新的商务模式，本文就整理了关于电子商务的相关论文来供大家欣赏。
第1篇：电子商务管理的现状及影响因素文/钱龙青摘要：互联网的产生和发展，为我们的生活带来了很多的便利，这其中就包括了电子商务。
电子商务是时代进步的产物，它是一种崭新的商务模式，它的出现对传统的经营方式，造成了很大的冲击。
与此同时，对于这种创新产物的管理，也是严峻的挑战。
为了使电子商务健康快速的发展，相关部门应该采取正确的管理方式。
本文主要论述管理现状以及影响因素。
关键词：电子商务；管理现状；影响因素电子商务发展迅猛，它不光改变我们的生活方式，更影响着政府部门的管理方式，对于我们来说，电子商务便利、快速、高效，但是，它同时也存在一些不容忽视的问题，如今各种网络犯罪行为日益增多，不发商家之间不正的竞争行为，极大地损害了消费者的合法权益，阻碍了电子商务的健康发展，为了解决这一系列的问题，我们对中国电子商务的管理现状，进行了一定的调查分析，并且也思考了哪些因素会对管理造成影响。
一、电子商务的发展电子商务的发展主要分为三个时期[1]：萌芽时期、形成时期、发展时期。
萌芽时期主要是20世纪60年代～20世纪90年代初，互联网的产生，使得电子商务有了一个必不可少的依托，因特网上商业业务信息量的猛增，标志着电子商务的大规模发展从此开始。
形成时期主要是20世纪90年代中期～21世纪初，企业、政府正式将电子商务与自身体系相结合，达到高度一体化，各大高校开始设立电子商务学科，社会对专业人才的需求十分迫切。
发展时期即21世纪中叶以后，电子商务席卷全球，人们的生活也随之发生了巨大的改变。
如今电子商务已经深入到每个人的生活中，因此对它的监管尤为重要。
二、电子商务管理的现状电子商务的管理，一直受到政府的高度重视，早在1999年的《中华人民共和国合同法》中，便规定了数据电文合同形式有效、生效时间地点。
国际商务毕业论文国际商务毕业论文700字随着全球化的不断发展，国际贸易越来越重要，国际商务也成为了一个热门的专业方向。
本篇论文将以国际商务为主题，探讨其对经济发展的影响，并分析国际商务的挑战与机遇。
首先，国际商务对经济发展有着积极的影响。
国际贸易可以促进不同国家之间的资源互补和合作发展，进一步推动经济的繁荣。
通过国际贸易，各国可以通过自身的优势产品进入其他市场，从而实现产业升级和经济增长。
同时，国际商务也为企业创造了更多的发展机会和竞争空间，提高了企业的竞争力和创新能力。
此外，国际商务还可以促进各国之间的文化交流和人员流动，加深不同国家之间的合作关系，推动经济全球化的进程。
然而，国际商务也面临着一些挑战。
首先，国际商务面临着不稳定的外部环境。
国际贸易政策的变化、经济周期的波动以及国际市场竞争的加剧都可能对国际商务产生影响。
其次，国际商务往往需要面对不同国家和地区的法律法规、文化习俗等各种差异，增加了商务活动的复杂性和风险性。
此外，国际商务还需要克服语言沟通、物流运输等方面的困难，提高企业在全球化竞争中的竞争力。
然而，国际商务也带来了很多机遇。
首先，国际商务打破了国界限制，使得企业可以更广泛地开拓市场，扩大销售渠道。
其次，国际商务为企业提供了更多的资源和技术支持，帮助企业实现技术创新和产业升级。
同时，国际商务也为企业提供了更多的商务合作机会，增加了企业的发展空间和渠道。
总的来说，国际商务对经济发展有着重要的推动作用。
然而，国际商务也面临着一些挑战和风险。
在全球化的背景下，企业应积极抓住机遇，提高自身的竞争力和创新能力，以应对国际商务带来的挑战。
同时，政府也需要加强对国际商务的支持和管理，为企业创造更好的发展环境和条件。
只有这样，国际商务才能真正发挥其对经济发展的积极影响，推动经济全球化的进程。
The report of Business EnviromentName: Shao xiayuSCN: 20085878339ContentSummary (1)Introduction (1)Findings (2)1.Outcome 1: identify the mission, objectives and responsibilities of an organization within its environment (2)1.1.Identify the mission, values and key objectives of Lenovo and assessthe influence of stakeholders (2)1.2.Evaluate the extent to which Lenovoachieves the objectives of threestakeholders (3)1.3.explain the responsibilities of Lenovo and strategies employed to meetthem. (7)2.Outcome 2: Investigate the economic, social and global environment in which organizations operate (9)2.1.explain how economic systems attempt to allocate and make effectiveuse of resources (9)2.2.Discuss the impact of social welfare and industrial policy initiatives onorganizations and the wider community (11)2.3.Evaluate the impact of macro economic policy measures and theinfluence of the global economy on UK-based organizations and stakeholders (12)3.Outcome 3: Investigate the behavior of organizations and the market environment (14)3.1.explain how market structures in practice deviate from the model ofperfect competition (14)e a range of examples to illustrate the relationship between marketforces and organizational responses (15)3.3.Explain the behavior and competitive strategies employed by anorganization and discuss the role of the Competition Commission and regulatory bodies (16)4.Conclusion (17)5.Reference (18)Lenovo's corporate positioning and corporate mission affected its stakeholders, Lenovo is how to achieve the interests of stakeholder’s demands with corporate values and mission. And Lenovo how to achieve the common development of the stakeholders.IntroductionAn enterprise in order to survive in the market, they must adapt to business environment. In this paper we will discuss the Lenovo's business environment. Include identify the mission, objectives and responsibilities of the organization within its environment; investigate the economic, social and global environment in which organizations operate; investigate the behavior of organizations and the market environment.1.Outcome 1: identify the mission, objectives and responsibilities of anorganization within its environment1.1.Identify the mission, values and key objectives of Lenovo and assessthe influence of stakeholdersLenovo BackgroundLenovo Group was established in 1984 in Beijing, China, and today has grown into one of the world company. Lenovo Group in 1994, listed in Hong Kong (stock code 992). In the past quarter of a century, PC in the rapidly growing popularity around the world, changed the way people work and live, greatly improved productivity and social efficiency, in this history, Lenovo played a crucial role. As a global leader in PC industry, Lenovo to independent innovation and customer service philosophy, not only for 11 consecutive years to maintain a leading position in China, but also in China and Asia, composed of PC legend stunning. Lenovo will always be committed to developing, manufacturing and sales of the most reliable, safe-to-use technology products and high-quality professional services to help all global customers and partners to succeed. Lenovo's ultimate goal is to improve the overall personal computer owners experience, while reducing total cost of ownership. Lenovo's mission: to innovation and customer benefitCreat the world's best and most innovative products.Treated the cost of innovation as the technological innovation.Make more people access to newer and better technology.The lowest total cost of ownership (TCO), higher efficiency.Lenovo's core values•Achievement customers - we are committed to each customer's satisfaction and success.•entrepreneurial innovation - we are in pursuit of customer and company are critical to innovation, while quickly and efficiently to promote its implementation. •Integrity Integrity - We uphold the trust, honesty and the sense of responsibility, whether internal or external.•multi-win-win situation - we are promoting mutual understanding and value diversity, taking a global perspective look at our culture.1.2.Evaluate the extent to which Lenovoachieves the objectives of threestakeholdersCustomerEnterprise's development is inseparable from the customers supports its enterprise products, customers can better achieve the interests of promoting the development of enterprises, the interests of customers with the lowest investment objective is to get the most satisfactory products, including product quality, price, after-sales service and so on, Lenovo's first mission to "create the world's best and most innovative products"a very good implementation of the customer's requirements, the best and most innovative product is the customer's interest demands, Lenovo mission the second, " Treated the cost of innovation as the technological innovation " and fourth "the lowest total cost of ownership (TCO), greater operational efficiency, "refers to the work product of the efforts to reduce the cost, cost reduction means lower prices, the price reduction is one of the client's interest demands, Lenovo language summary of the mission:" To customers the best interests of innovation " reflects the Lenovo customer-oriented, the clients interests first and realize a win-win business customers and to create the best products to meet customers.Lenovo is aware of the importance of enterprise customers, only then the first one on the business customer, which is Lenovo's business through the fifteen years to create the myth of the most important one of the reasons.ShareholdersLenovo's goal is to pursue the interests of shareholder’s benefits maximize and hope that enterprises bigger and stronger, in order to maximize the economic effects of the shareholders, a business bigger and stronger in order to bring economic effects, we need a group of loyal customer base, Customers buy more products in order to bring more economic effect, Lenovo in the enterprise's mission to put customers first, but also to the clients to increase investment, good after-sales service and other related services to win customers a common praise, and establish a good corporate image, with a large number of loyal buyers, Lenovo sales increased year by year from its inception in 2008, a turnover of 16.4 billion U.S. dollars, Interests of the shareholders goals were achieved. Lenovo's core values, where the fourth "multiple win-win situation - we are promoting mutual understanding and value diversity, to look at our global vision of the culture." The realization of multi-win-win situation as the enterprise's values to achieve a common goal of profitability as a business, Lenovo enterprise development created the myth of wealthy shareholders, but also the development of enterprises and write a myth of LegendSocial environmentEnterprise is an organizational form, is a part of society, enterprises as a part of society, its development is inseparable from the social. Lenovo well as a business to fulfill its social responsibility. In August 2008, as the IOC global partner, Lenovo for the Beijing Olympic Games 30000 provides computing equipment and 580 engineers to the team for the Beijing Olympic Games provides information technology, equipment and service support to protect the Olympic Games 17 days information system to run perfectly. Lenovo Olympic experience through digital cafes such as the Olympic Hall and the public to bring Hi-tech Olympics and the athletes a whole new experience comfortable and convenient information services, of the Olympic marketing program through the successful global dissemination of the Olympic spirit, create a Lenovo brand. Lenovo to superior products, innovative technology and high quality service has won unanimous praise from all walks of life in order to perfect the performance of the support of the success of the Beijing Olympic Games runningsmoothly. Lenovo's commitment to become a responsible and active corporate citizen through their own long letter, and continuously improve their business, in order to contribute to social development. Lenovo convinced that business is an important part of the community and are committed to work together with staff and the local community to improve the quality of people work and live. In 2003 and 2005, Lenovo China's SARS prevention and control respectively to the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster in South Asia provided financial assistance in May 2008 in Wenchuan after the earthquake the first time, Lenovo donated 10 million yuan and the organization of employees donate blood. Lenovo also actively supports China's use of the development of sports and fitness, respectively, to the Chinese national women's soccer team, the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Bid Committee and the Olympic torch Everest climbers provide funding and equipment support. Lenovo's business did not forget its development is inseparable from the community, be mindful of the community, the return of socialLenovo in environmental protection has done a lot of contributions in May 2005, Lenovo Group's acquisition of IBM Personal Computing Division, serves as an innovative, international technology company. As the world's personal computer (PC) market, the "leader of a group," Lenovo is committed to research and development, production and marketing of technologically sophisticated, stable and reliable, excellent quality PC products and value-added while Lenovo also provides professional services to help customers around the world through a more Wisdom methods to improve productivity and competitiveness. Lenovo Group and IBM upholds a long tradition of environmental protection, Lenovo will be unshaken in the global implementation of environmental policies and environmental programs. Lenovo is committed to all business activities, environmental affairs, who are the first examples, and unswervingly carry forward the long tradition of protecting the environment. Lenovo's full compliance with international norms, and implemented a series of volunteer programs at the same time, Lenovo is also determined to go further, always ready to seize the opportunities. As a new company, Lenovo actively exploringways to vigorously carry out environmental protection work, and to integrate it into their business practice. Lenovo's comprehensive long-term plan covering all aspects of the operation from the field to product design to recycling. Corporate strategies, policies and guidelines on corporate environmental responsibility has made the relevant provisions of. All the managers and ordinary employees, as well as Lenovo's contractor, have an obligation to help the association to honor commitment to environmental protection.Staffemployees as internal staff, their overall level determines the overall level of development of enterprises, Lenovo Group is committed employees create and maintain a healthy and safe working environment. The Group's strategy, policies and guiding principles should support the staff's commitment to safety and health. Through education, prevention and control in order to achieve employee health and safety, enterprise innovation, efficiency and continuous improvement is essential. Lenovo to staff development and security as a prerequisite for the development of the company, recognizing the company's development is inseparable from the enterprise to pay employees, Lenovo's core values, where Lenovo is also reflected to the right of staff responsibilities, Lenovo's business development and also to improve standards of welfare for staff to achieve the interests of staff objectives, Lenovo also paid attention to safety of their staff in 2006, Lenovo's global occupational safety and health institutions to focus on IBM's personal computer business by Lenovo of China and the Department of Prior to the implementation of the plan together as one to develop and implement a global association of occupational safety and health programs. In this process, Lenovo introduced on the 3rd company policy, "employee occupational safety and health responsibility." On this basis, Lenovo is committed to provide employees with safe and healthy workplace. In order to support the achievement of these policy objectives, Lenovo has prepared for all over the world. Lenovo institutions "Global Occupational Safety and Health Manual." In addition, Lenovo is building a number of occupational safety and health commissioner, as Lenovo'smanufacturing plant in China, local experts. Lenovo has begun a systematic manner with a variety of business activities related to safety and health matters of formal and informal review to track the progress of the project. Lenovo restaurant staff to conduct a health check on all the implementation of a formal audit of production facilities, and new large-scale properties for the construction safety and health review. Lenovo will consistently monitor their global occupational safety and health matters.Lenovo stakeholders SummaryLenovo stakeholders to achieve with each win, the requirements of stakeholders as the enterprise's mission and core values, the interests of stakeholders in achieving the objectives of the case, but also to achieve the development goals of enterprises, Lenovo's successful development is also reflected building a harmonious society, social background, achieve win-win situation, is a contemporary business model.1.3.explain the responsibilities of Lenovo and strategies employed to meetthem.Lenovo's Corporate Social ResponsibilityLenovo insist on integrity management, continuous learning and innovation, a positive commitment to the value chain partners, environmental and social responsibility; return on long-term interests of shareholders, there is no ceiling to the stage employees, achievements customers, and partners win-win situation, protect the environment, feedback community. To do good global corporate citizen, make the world a better place because of Lenovo! Lenovo's basic principles: integrity of law-abiding - exercise self-discipline, integrity management, to comply with Lenovo's business laws of the countries and regions, making the local citizens. Full participation - all of Lenovo's corporate social responsibility is one of shared responsibilities, We need to view corporate social responsibility and the close integration of the business to make it in our consciousness, behavior and results to be reflected. Collaborative development - to enhance communication with stakeholders and cooperation, understanding and responding to their expectations and requirements,common to achieve sustainable development. Concerned that the global - as derived from the internationalization of Chinese enterprises attach importance to and actively concerned about global types of major social and environmental issues.Lenovo's financial responsibilityLenovo's shareholders and investors, the primary responsibility rests with the timely and accurate disclosure of operational and other important information, provide a reasonable return on investment and implement the basic principles of responsible investment, enterprise and healthy development of return on long-term interests of shareholders. To this end, Lenovo introduced the following basic policies: strict corporate governance, enhancing transparency; from long-term interests of shareholders for the shareholders and investors to provide a reasonable return on investment; in the business process to adhere to the philosophy and principles of responsible investment, will it be meet the relevant requirements of social responsibility as an important reference for decision-making.Lenovo's environmental responsibilityLenovo is committed to all business activities, environmental affairs, who are the first examples. Corporate strategy, policies and guidelines have made the relevant provisions in support of Lenovo to become pioneer in environmental protection. All the managers and ordinary employees as well as in Lenovo's place of work the contractor have an obligation to help the association to achieve the following objectives: through the reuse and recycling materials, purchasing recycled materials and use recyclable packaging and other materials, saving natural resources. R & D, production and sales of reusable, recycling or safe disposal of energy-saving environmentally friendly products.With no adverse effects on the environment R & D and production processes, minimizing waste, preventing air pollution, water pollution and other pollution, maximizing occupational safety and health, safety and responsible disposal of waste. In the business activities take action to improve energy efficiency energy-savingmeasures, where feasible, to give priority to renewable energy use. Personally and actively participate in environmental activities, to share pollution prevention science and technology, knowledge and methods.Lenovo's social responsibilityLenovo set up a global occupational health and safety team, specifically responsible for establishing occupational health and safety policies, procedures and operating standards and supervise their implementation, is also responsible for the promotion of association and staff, contractors and other related contacts between the parties to consult in order to eliminate potential safety problems . Lenovo through the implementation of OHSAS18001 occupational health and safety management system to better manage health and safety risks. Lenovo is also business strategy, plans, assessments, and the products to consider employee health and safety requirements, focusing on implementing and improving processes and control links, to provide staff with appropriate health and safety training. In order to prevent occupational accidents, occupational diseases and disease. In all factories, Lenovo introduced about 30 different involving safety, industrial hygiene, occupational health and employee health care plans and emergency contingency plans, Lenovo is also a year of each plant occupational health and safety conditions at least twice a review and evaluation of and an audit.2.Outcome 2: Investigate the economic, social and global environment in whichorganizations operate2.1.explain how economic systems attempt to allocate and make effectiveuse of resourcesAn economy is a system for allocation and use of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited human wants.The basic and general economic systems are:1.Market economy (the basis for several "hands off" systems, such as capitalism).2.Mixed economy (a compromise economic system that incorporates some aspects of the market approach as well as some aspects of the planned approach).3.Planned economy (the basis for several "hands on" systems, such as socialism, or a command economy).4.Traditional economy (a generic term for the oldest and traditional economic systems)5.Participatory economics (a recent proposal for a new economic system)6.Inclusive Democracy (a project for a new political and economic system)we discuss three system: Market economy, Mixed economy and Planned economy.In a market economy, the production and demand balance which is through the interaction of supply and demand and prices achieved. Oversupply, price declines, production and reduced; in short supply, prices rise, production increases; Supply and demand balance, the distribution of different departments, and the resource allocation become reasonable.A planned economy is an economic system in which the state or workers' councils manage the economy.It is an economic system in which the central government makes all decisions on the production and consumption of goods and services. A planned economy must start from the national economy and natural characteristics of the actual situation, according to the needs of socialist construction in a planned arrangements for the development of national economy and various sectors proportional relationship between the rational distribution of productive forces, and effective use of human, material, financial resources, improving production and the balance between the need to promote the coordinated development of national economy to meet the needs of national construction and people's increasing material and cultural life needs. Is not as well as the market economy what consumption of natural resources, is a green economy.A mixed economy is an economic system that incorporates a mixture of private andgovernment ownership or control, or a mixture of capitalism and socialism. In such an economic system, the decision-making structures have focused on aspects of both decentralized features; Accordingly, the decision-makers motivation and incentives can be economic, it can be passively accept orders from their superiors; the same time, the entire economic system the transmission of information through prices and also plans to carry out.2.2.Discuss the impact of social welfare and industrial policy initiatives onorganizations and the wider communityThe impact of welfare to LenovoWelfare or social welfare consists of actions or procedures —especially on the part of governments and institutions —striving to promote the basic well-being of individuals in need. Welfare also refers to the range of services which are provided to protect people in a number of conditions, including childhood, sickness and old age, unemployment, and many other aspects of their lives including sometimes their mental health . These efforts usually strive to improve the financial situation of people in need.In a more general sense, welfare also means the well-being of individuals or a group, in other words their health, happiness, safety, prosperity, and fortunes. Good social welfare help to improve staff enthusiasm for work, it will allow their employees time at work is more assured because of worry about their standard of living will decline, so they can wholeheartedly into the work. An industrial policy is a set of actions executed by interventionist or mixed-economy countries in order to affect the way in which factors of production are being distributed across national industries. Today most industrial policy is subordinated to tax, tariff and trade rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and various trade pacts promising various degrees of "free trade", which in practice means limited subsidy and no protectionism of any one industry. An active intervention in industrial development is the policy of most if not all countries in the world. Even the United States, which prides itself as a "free-trading" nation, has implemented strong tax, tariff, and trade laws to protect itself from "dumping", the flooding of a market by a competing nation with goods or services below market prices in order to gain an advantage overdomestic firmsThe relationship between industrial policy and LenovoAn industrial policy is a set of actions executed by interventionist or mixed-economic countries in order to affect the way in which factors of production are being distributed across national industries. Some scholars in China is defined as "industrial policy is that when a country's industry is the state's industrial backwardness than others, or may be lagging behind other countries, to strengthen domestic industries have taken a variety of policy." For example, Automotive Industry Policy is a Semi-protection policy, it impede cooperate with Automobile multinationals. That’s led to the slow development of the automobile industry. Different from Automotive Industry Policy, PC Industry Policy is a full open policy that makes the PC manufacturing and technology with the world; PC industries have been the rapid development of. Long time ago, National implement PC go to the countryside policy, that make Lenovo gained greater market share and more profit. We can see that Industry policy extremely influence the industry development.2.3.Evaluate the impact of macro economic policy measures and theinfluence of the global economy on UK-based organizations andstakeholdersThe impact of macro economy to LenovoNarrow monetary policy: the central bank to achieve the established economic goals (price stability, promoting economic growth, achieving full employment and balance of international payments) use a variety of tools for regulating the money supply and interest rates, thereby affecting macroeconomic policies and measures put together. Broad monetary policy: the governments, central banks and other relevant requirements in respect of all the money and take all measures affecting financial variables. (Including the financial system, that is, changes to the rules, etc.) Regulate money supply through the central bank affect interest rates and economic supply of credit in the extent to which indirect effects of aggregate demand，in order to meetthe total demand and total supply tends to the ideal balance of a series of measures. That is divided into expansionary monetary policy and tightening. Expansionary monetary policy by increasing the growth rate of money supply to stimulate aggregate demand, in this policy, easier access to credit, interest rates will be reduced. Thus, when aggregate demand is low when compared with the economy's productive capacity, use of expansionary monetary policy is most appropriate. Tightening of monetary policy through the reduction of money supply growth rate to reduce the level of aggregate demand, in this policy, more difficult access to credit, interest rate increases. Therefore, the more serious inflation, the adoption of tight monetary policy more appropriate. Tools of monetary policy are: to adjust the statutory deposit reserve ratio, adjust the discount rate and open market operations. Money supply will affect the social aggregate supply and aggregate demand balance, thus affecting the price, because Lenovo is produce hardware facilities. Fiscal policy: from the laws of speaking, fiscal policy is generally through the revenue and expenditure lines to be implemented. The analysis of fiscal policy can look at the financial income (including tax revenue and a variety of regulatory fees, income, etc.), expenditure (including poverty, subsidies, transfer payments such as unemployment benefits, as well as home finance in the fixed assets investment, etc.), these two lines. Countries to obtain revenue corresponding with the residents will reduce the company's and money. Tax revenue growth in value-added tax should be the added value of industrial production is consistent. And corporate income tax is income-related benefits and residents. In a time when the country crack down on smuggling, the Customs Tariff income will increase accordingly. Stamp duty on securities transactions directly with the stock market closely related to trading volume.The influence of the global on Lenovo and stakeholdersThe global economy is the world's economic activity beyond national borders, through trade, capital flows, technology transfer, and provision of services, interdependent and interrelated and the formation of an organic economy as a whole on a global scale. "Economic globalization" is an important characteristic of thecontemporary world economy, is one of the important trends in world economic development. Economic globalization refers to the trade, investment, finance, the globalization of production and other activities, namely, the elements to survive in the global best fit within the home. From its source is a high degree of international division of labour productivity and the development of peoples and nations called for further cross-border product. Global is a trend for the internal businesses, especially Lenovo. It has very important influence for Lenovo.3.Outcome 3: Investigate the behavior of organizations and the marketenvironment3.1.explain how market structures in practice deviate from the model ofperfect competitionThe market structure within the industry refers to a number of buyers and sellers and their size distribution, degree of product differentiation and new enterprises to enter the industry, a comprehensive state of ease, it can be said to be a market among the various elements of the intrinsic linkages and their characteristics, including market between suppliers and demand between, supply and demand, as well as between the suppliers available on the market demand, and those suppliers are entering the market demand, the relationship between.the market will be affected by many factors, such as the country's economic level, the country's economic policies, people's purchasing power, people's demands, and market size. In market, many factors are not be expected, the sudden war, stock market volatility, and the birth of new industries, all will impact on market development.Lenovo company as a leader of local enterprises in China account for a larger market share, but with the foreign companies enter the Chinese market, China's market quickly being carved up. Hewlett-Packard, DELL and other companies in China's market share has gradually increased.The theory of market model, some conditions are not changing in circumstances,。
