Unit 1 “We’ve Been Hit”Words and Expressions1. lash vt. hit violently or suddenlye.g. The farmer lashed the mules with a stick.The waves lashed the shore.Collocation: lash out (at / against sb. / sth.) make a sudden violent attack with blows or words Synonym:whip, beat2. scoff vi. laugh (at)e.g. All the students scoffed at the poor boy’s clothes.The disabled people are often scoffed.Derivation:scoffer n.Synonym:jeer, mock3. sway vi. move or swing from side to sidee.g. He swayed slightly, as if about to fall.他身子一歪，像要倒下。
Synonym: swing, waveTranslation:1. 那棵苹果树在风中摇曳。
(The apple tree sways in the wind.)2. She swayed her hands gracefully as she gave lectures.（她演讲时优雅地摆动着手。
）4. illusion n. sth. that deceives a person by seeming to be reale.g. The mirrors all round the walls give an illusion of greater space.I have no illusions about my ability.我对自己的能力如何颇有自知之明。
Derivation:illusive a.illusively ad.Collocation:be under the illusion that believe wronglye.g. I was under the illusion that he was honest until he was caught stealing some money.他偷钱当场被人抓住，在此之前我一直误以为他是个老实人。
Exercise: Fill in each blank with one of the following prepositions.under at out against to1.He lashed ____ ____ the opposition’s poli cies. (out against)2.Students are not allowed to scoff ___ others’ weaknesses. (at)3.The dancer swayed ___ the music. (to)4.People were _____ the illusion that the tomb was Caocao’s. (under)Paragraphs 2-5Words and Expressions5. devastating a. completely destructivee.g. It is the most devastating flood in 100 years.Derivation:devastate vt.devastation n.Synonym: disastrous, destructive6. glance at look at sb. or sth. quickly, esp. by raising your eyes and then lowering them againe.g. The president glanced at the clock and announced that the meeting started.Comparison: gaze at, stare at, glare at, gape atgaze at look at sth. or sb. for a long time, for example, because they are beautiful or interesting, esp. without realizing that you are doing ite.g. The poet lay down and gazed at the bright moon, missing his hometown.stare at deliberately look at sb. or sth. for a long time without moving your eyes, for example, because you are angry, shocked, or very interestede.g. Don’t stare at people; it’s very rude.glare at look angrily at sb. for a long time without moving your eyese.g. The heroine stepped forward bravely and glared at the enemy.女英雄挺身而出，以仇恨的目光瞪着敌人。
gape at look at sb. or sth. for a long time, esp. with your mouth open, because you are very surprised or shockede.g. His father stood there gaping at him, too astonished to say anything.7. purgatory n. a place or condition of great sufferinge.g. The devastating earthquake changed people’s home into a purgatory.Synonym: torture, plagueDerivation:purgatorial a.8. dilemma n.a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all of thepossible courses of action seem equally good or equally bade.g. The only way out of this dilemma is to cooperate within the group.面对这样的两难境地，唯一的出路就是在团队内合作。
Collocation: in a dilemmae.g. Mary was in a dilemma whether to marry or continue her study.Synonym: quandary, predicamentSentences1. Mayblum would be one of thousands cast into an extraordinary purgatory that morning. (Paragraph 3)Paraphrase: That morning, Mayblum would be one of thousands who were thrown into a terrible disaster.Translation: 那天早上，有数千人将被卷入一场惊心动魄的灾难，梅布鲁也是其中的一员。
2. For some, it was a matter of geography … (Paragraph 4)Paraphrase: For some, whether they could survive depended on where they were … Paragraphs 6-9Words and Expressions9. confusion n. a very disorganized situation usually with lots of noise, in which a lot of things arehappening at the same time, so that it is difficult to understand or controle.g. The enemy’s unexpected attack threw them into total confusion.敌人的突然进攻使他们完全不知所措。
Comparison: disorder, chaosdisorder n. a situation in which things or people are not in the correct position, place, or order, so that they are unable to control or organizee.g. The Civil War came at the end of a long period of social disorder.chaos n. a situation that is full of disorder and is completely out of controle.g. The thieves left the house in chaos.小偷走后房屋中一片凌乱。
Derivation:confused a.confuse vt.10. transfer n. a change from one place to anothere.g. The headmaster arranged for his transfer to another school.校长安排他转到另一个学校。
vt. move sth. / sb. from one place to anothere.g. The head office has been transferred from London to New York.总部已由伦敦迁至纽约。
