FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF GALVANIZED HIGHER-STRENGTH STEEL SHEETS

物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosionresistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic，recyclingenvironmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size，mass，charge of an atom，and is particles (Pronton，Nentron and Electron) 原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属FerrousNon Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure，Space latticeUnit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mills Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyperectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Propertiestesting of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivityspecific resistance比重Specific gravityspecific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Y ield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit，Y eungs module of elasticity to yield point 伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – FerrousNon – ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction透磁度Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism，Paramagnetic，Ferromagnetism，AntiferromagnetismFerrimagnetism 抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism，ParamagneticFerromagnetism反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体HyppoEutectoid初释纯铁体Proentectoid ferrite过共释钢Hypeeutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semikilled steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting，Fogging，Extrusion，RollingSteel 熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawingstamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64Nickel，ChromeMolybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter FourStrip，SteelPlate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) 日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coilsheet electroplatingpainting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages，industrial standard，quality，condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力HardnessTensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm，figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on ThicknessWidth平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width500mm，temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handlingstorage of cold rolled steel coilsheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submergedarc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 3032公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint，oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:3032 Kgf/ μ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变AgingStretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of ColdRolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standardapplication of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electrogalvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving WeatherCorrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electrogalvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electrogalvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal，application，JISASTM standard，and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet 锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片ColdRolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片HotRolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Coldrolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hotrolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hotrolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3*******)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade，Plating type，Designation of Coating MassCommon Coating Mass镀层质量标记MarkingsDesignations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)SingleReduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)DualReduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(GrainOriented)及非晶粒取向(NonOriented)Grain OrientedNonOriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – GrainOriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片GrainOriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SIORIENTCORE SIORIENTCOREHI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(HIB)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SIORIENTCOREHIB and SIORIENTCORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SIORIENTCOREHIBLS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SIORIENTCOREHIBLS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片高硼(HIB)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SIORIENTCOREHIB，SIORIENTCORE，SICOREHIBLS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(HIB)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SIORIENTCOREHIB，SICORE，SIORIENTCOREHIBLS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical，MagneticMechanical NonGrain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing，ElectricalsHome Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314)Hotaluminumcoated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(ASTM A46377)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 HotDip Aluminumcoated Sheets and Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steelother kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet，Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel PlateRelated JIS，ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification，Corrosion ResistantHeat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic PropertyStainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil，Strip，SheetPlate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) – strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301，304，631，CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type，Industrial Standard，Chemical Composition，Characteristicend usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip，SheetPlate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢HeatResistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度HeatResistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and HeatResisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Windup Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wingup Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel，Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK5AISI301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100200mm)SK5AISI301 每公斤之长度(阔100200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100200mm)SK5AISI301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.010公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.010mm)SK5AISI301 每公斤之长度(阔2.010公厘)Length per one kg (Width 2.010mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态HardenedTempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip 贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火LowHigh Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准ColdRolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip简介General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属IronLow Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy简介General轴承合金–日工标准JIS H 5401Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base，Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准JIS H 4341Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire，RodBar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准JIS G 3532Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线(镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire，Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire，Galvanized low Carbon Steel WireLow Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing classification，Symbol of Grade，Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of ZincCoating，Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold HeadingCold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification，Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance，Ovality and A verage Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI，JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire(to JIS G3521，ISO8458012)化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521)Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes，symbols，twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter，Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份StainlessSpring Wire –National Standard number，Charateristic，Surface finishChemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel，Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况FinishSurface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire DiametersOvality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会ASTM A313 – 1987Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heatresisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305，316，321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305，316，321 and 347A1S1302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of numberalphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless SteelHeatResistant Steel(in order of numberalphabet)易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar，Square Steel Bar，Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ = 1/100 mm)Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different TypesSize of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire，Half Round Wire，Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat WireHalf Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance。

ANSYS TutorialPerforming a Fatigue AnalysisA flat leaf spring has been machined from AISI 1050 steel cold-drawn steel (Young’s Modulus is 210 GPa, Poisson’s ratio is 0.3, Yield Strength is 580 MPa and the Ultimate Strength is 690 MPa).Four load cases are applied to the two corners of the free end of the spring:a. 50 N at each corner. The time at the end of the load step is 10 seconds.b. -50 N at each corner. The time at the end of the load step is 20 seconds.c. 74.5 N at each corner. The time at the end of the load step is 30 seconds.d. -74.5 N at each corner. The time at the end of the load step is 40 seconds.The material fatigue properties are described by:where S u is the ultimate strength and S e is the endurance limit (fatigue limit). Assume the ratio S e /S u is equal to 0.6.The events to be used in the analysis are:Event No. Load No. Loading Number of Repetitions ScaleFactor 1 1 50 N Load 500,000 1 1 2 -50 N Load 500,000 1 2 1 74.5 N Load 5,000 1 2 2 -74.5 N Load 5,000 1Applied Load Applied LoadThe following is the step-by-step procedure for the beam deflection problem using the ANSYS GUI (Graphic User Interface) environment. Using the left button of the mouse, click on everything that is typed bold and type everything that is italicized below.(Go to Main Menu)PreprocessorTypeElementAdd/Edit/DeleteAddStructural & Solid & Quad 4 node 42 & OKPropsMaterialModelsMaterialStructuralLinearElasticIsotropicEX = 210e5PRXY = 0.3 & OKModelingCreateAreasRectangleByDimensions(Click X1 box) 0 (Click X2 box) 60(Click Y1box) 0 (Click Y2 box) 1 & OKMeshingToolMeshClick on the Lines Set buttonPick lines 2 & 4 & ApplyNDIV = 4SPACE =-2& ApplyPick lines 1 & 3 & ApplyNDIV = 30SPACE =-2& OKClick the Mesh ButtonPick All & OKSolutionTypeAnalysisNew AnalysisTransient & OK & OKChooseControlsSol’nTabBasicloadstep:10ofendTimeatTransientTabStepped Loading & OKChooseLoadsDefineApplyStructuralDisplacementLinesOnPick line 4 & OKSelect All DOFsDisplacement Value =0& OKForce/MomentKeypointsOnPick keypoints 2 & 3 & OKForce/Moment:FYofDirectionValue:50 & OK Force/MomentOptsStepLoadLSFileWriteLoad step file number n: 1& OKTypeAnalysisControlsSol’nBasicTabloadstep:20 & OKofTimeatendLoadsDefineDeleteStructuralForce/MomentKeypointsOnPick All & OKApplyStructuralForce/MomentKeypointsOnPick keypoints 2 & 3 & OKFY DirectionForce/Moment:of-50 & OK Force/MomentValue:StepOptsLoadFileLSWriteLoad step file number n: 2& OKTypeAnalysisControlsSol’nTabBasicloadstep:30 & OKofTimeatendDefineLoadsDeleteStructuralForce/MomentOnKeypointsPick All & OKApplyStructuralForce/MomentKeypointsOnPick keypoints 2 & 3 & OKFYForce/Moment:DirectionofValue:74.5 & OK Force/MomentOptsStepLoadFileLSWriteLoad step file number n: 3& OKTypeAnalysisControlsSol’nBasicTabloadstep:40 & OKofendatTimeLoadsDefineDeleteStructuralForce/MomentKeypointsOnPick All & OKApplyStructuralForce/MomentKeypointsOnPick keypoints 2 & 3 & OKFYDirectionForce/Moment:of-74.5 & OKValue:Force/MomentOptsStepLoadFileWriteLSLoad step file number n: 4& OKSolveFilesFromLSfile1number:LSStartingfile4number:LSEnding1 & OKincrement:Filenumber(Go to Main Menu)PostprocGeneralResultsReadBy PickSelect Set 1 & Read & CloseSteps to perform the Fatigue AnalysisDefinitions used in performing a fatigue analysis:Location: a node in the model for which fatigue stresses are to be stored.Event: a set of stress conditions that occur at different times during a unique stress cycle.Loading: one of the stress conditions that is part of an event.(Go to Main Menu)PostprocGeneralFatiguePropertyTableTableS-N(Click N1) 10 (Click S1) 62.1e3(Click N2) 1000 (Click S2) 62.0e3(Click N3) 10000 (Click S3) 51.2e3(Click N4) 100000 (Click S4) 42.2e3(Click N5) 1000000 (Click S5) 34.8e3Stress LocationsNLOC = 1NODE = 65 (node along the surface at the fixed end of the beam TITLE=Fixed End & ApplyNLOC = 2NODE = 54 (node along the surface in the middle of the beam)=Middle & ApplyTITLENLOC = 1NODE = 32 (node along the surface at the free end of the beam) =Free End & OKTITLEStoreStressesFilerstFromNODE: 65Event: 1Loading:1 & ApplyNODE: 54Event: 11 & ApplyLoading:NODE: 32Event: 11 & OKLoading:ResultsReadBy PickSelect Set 2 & Read & CloseFatigueStressesStorerstFileFromNODE: 65Event: 12 & ApplyLoading:NODE: 54Event: 12 & ApplyLoading:NODE: 32Event: 12 & OKLoading:ReadResultsBy PickSelect Set 3 & Read & CloseFatigueStressesStorerstFileFromNODE: 65Event: 21 & ApplyLoading:NODE: 54Event: 21 & ApplyLoading:NODE: 32Event: 2Loading:1 & OKResultsReadBy PickSelect Set 4 & Read & CloseFatigueStressesStoreFileFromrstNODE: 65Event: 22 & ApplyLoading:NODE: 54Event: 22 & ApplyLoading:NODE: 32Event: 22 & OKLoading:EventsAssignNEV = 1CYCLE = 500000=Load 1 & ApplyTITLENEV = 2CYCLE = 5000=Load 2 & OKTITLEFatig & OK CalculateResults:Location: 1 Node 65 at the fixed end.The combination of event 2, load 1 and event 2, load 2 produces an alternating stress intensity of 55744 N/cm2. The spring was subjected to 5000 cycles while from the S-N Table, the maximum number of cycles allowed at that stress intensity is 3595. The partial usage value, 1.39063, is the ratio of cycles used/cycles allowed.The combination of event 1, load 1 and event 1, load 2 produces an alternating stress intensity of 37412 N/cm2. The spring was subjected to 500,000 cycles while from the S-N Table, the maximum number of cycles allowed at that stress intensity is 421,300. The partial usage value, 1.18669, is the ratio of cycles used/cycles allowed.The Cumulative Fatigue Usage value is sum of the partial usage factors (Miner’s rule).Nyquist / Haghighi ABE 60111。

金属材料专业英语Material Science 材料科学Material Science Definition 材料科学定义Machinability [məʃi:nə'biliti] 加工性能Strength .[streŋθ] 强度Corrosion & resistance durability.[kə'rəʊʒən] &[ri'zistəns] .[ 'djʊrə'bɪlətɪ] 抗腐蚀及耐用Special metallic features 金属特性Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection 抗敏感及环境保护[ə'lə:dʒik]Chemical element 化学元素'elimənt]Atom of Elements 元素的原子序数Atom and solid material 原子及固体物质Atom Constitutes 原子的组织图['kɔnstitju:t]Periodic Table 周期表[,piəri'ɔdik] adj. 周期的；定期的Atom Bonding 原子键结合Metal and Alloy 金属与合金['ælɔi, ə'lɔi]Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属['ferəs] adj. [化]亚铁的；铁的，含铁的Features of Metal 金属的特性Crystal Pattern 晶体结构['kristəl] n. 水晶；结晶，晶体；水晶饰品adj. 水晶的；透明的，清澈的Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell 晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格['lætis] n. 格子；格架；晶格vt. 使成格子状X –ray crystal analytics method X线结晶分析法[,ænə'litik,-kəl]Metal space lattice 金属结晶格子Lattice constant 点阵常数Mill's Index 米勒指数Metal Phase and Phase Rule金相及相律Solid solution 固熔体Substitutional type solid solution 置换固熔体[,sʌbstitju:ʃənəl]Interstitial solid solution 间隙固熔体[,intə'stiʃəl]n. 填隙原子；节间adj. 间质的；空隙的；填隙的Intermetallic compound 金属间化合物[,intəmi'tælik] ['k ɔmpaund, kəm'paund]vt. 混合；合成；和解妥协；搀合vi. 妥协；和解n. 化合物；复合词；混合物adj. 复合的；混合的Transformation 转变Transformation Point 转变点Magnetic Transformation 磁性转变[mæɡ'netik] Allotropic Transformation 同素转变[mæɡ'netik] adj. [化]同素异形的Thermal Equilibrium 热平衡['θə:məl] adj. 热的，热量的n. 上升暖气流adj. 热的，热量的[,i:kwi'libriəm] Degree of freedom 自由度Critical temperature 临界温度Eutectic 共晶[ju:'tektik]n. 共熔合金adj. 共熔的；容易溶解的Peritectic [.peri’tektik] Temperature包晶温度Peritectic Reaction 包晶反应Peritectic Alloy 包晶合金Hypoeutectic Alloy 亚共晶体[,haipəuju'tektik]n. 低级低共熔体adj. 亚共晶的Hypereutectic Alloy 过共晶体Plastic Deformation 金属塑性[,di:fɔ:'meiʃən] n. 变形Slip Plan 滑动面Distortion 畸变[dis'tɔ:ʃən]Work Hardening 硬化Annealing 退火Crystal Recovery 回复柔软Recrystallization 再结晶[ri:,kristəlai'zeiʃən]Properties & testing of metal 金属材料的性能及试验Chemical Properties 化学性能['prɔpəti]Physical Properties 物理性能Magnetism 磁性['mæɡnitizəm]Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比电阻Specific gravity & specific density比重Specific Heat比热热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion['mæɡnitizəm] n. 协同因素；[数]系数；[物]率adj. 合作的；共同作用的['θə:məl] adj. 热的，热量的n. 上升暖气流导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties [mi'kænikəl] adj. 机械的；呆板的；力学的；无意识的；手工操作的屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strength)弹性限度、杨氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Young’s module of elasticity to yield point [i'læstik] adj. 有弹性的；易伸缩的；灵活的n. 松紧带；橡皮圈['mɔdju:l, -dʒu:l] n. 模数；模块；组件[,elæs'tisəti] n. 弹性；弹力；灵活性伸长度[,i:lɔŋ'ɡeiʃən, i,lɔŋ-]断面缩率Reduction of area [ri'dʌkʃən]破坏性检验destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection [,reidiəu'græfik] adj. 射线照相术的超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection [,ʌltrə'sɔnik] adj. 超音速的；超声的n. 超声波显微观察法Microscopic inspection [,maikrə'skɔpik]破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test [fə'ti:ɡ] n. 疲劳，疲乏；杂役vt. 使疲劳；使心智衰弱vi. 疲劳adj. 疲劳的蠕变试验Creep Test [kri:p] vi. 爬行；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩；蔓延n. 爬行；毛骨悚然的感觉；谄媚者潜变强度Creeps Strength第一潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard –Ferrous & Non –ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction导磁率[系数,性] Magnetic Permeability [,pə:miə'biliti] n. 弥漫；渗透性；[物]透磁率，导磁系数磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm) [sə,septə'biləti] 磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场 (Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子 (Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetisms, Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetisms 抗磁体 Diamagnetism磁偶极子 Dipole ['daipəul]负磁力效应 Negative effect顺磁体 Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility [sə,septə'biləti]铁磁体 Ferromagnetism转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons ['veiləns] n. [化]价；原子价；化合价；[生]效价化学结合 Chemical bond自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization [spɔn'teiniəs] 磁畴 Magnetic domain [dəu'mein] n. 领域；产业；地产；[计]域名相反旋转 Opposite span ['ɔpəzit, -sit]比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体 Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism磁矩 magnetic moment净磁矩 Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份 The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相 Steel Phases ['feisi:z] n. 阶段，时期（phase 的复数形式）v. 逐步实行（phase的三单形式）钢铁的名称 Name of steel铁素体Ferrite ['ferait]渗碳体 Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共析钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属 Single Phase Metal共释变态 Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite亚铁释体 Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid [haip] n. 大肆宣传；皮下注射vt. 大肆宣传；使…兴奋粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite [kɔ:s] adj. 粗糙的；下等的；粗俗的中珠光体 Medium Pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel [,mænju'fæktʃəriŋ]连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit ['səukiŋ] n. 浸湿，浸透adj. 湿透的，极湿的adv. 湿透地全静钢 Killed steel半静钢 Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel [rim] n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈vi. 作…的边，装边于vt. 作…的边，装边于钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧 The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢以元素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类 Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢 Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢 Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel [sʌl'fjuərik]硬化性能 Hardenability钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel ['britlnis] n. 脆弱性；脆性，脆度低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材 Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准 JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104 铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105 [krəum]镍铬–日工标准 G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102 ['nikəl] n. 镍；镍币；五分镍币vt. 镀镍于镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64 Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard ['mæŋɡə,ni:s, ,mæŋɡə'ni:z]片及板材 Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95 Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141) 简介 General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片 Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准 JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片 (双单光片)的编号浅释 Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141 [,di:'kəudiŋ] n. 译码；解码v. 破译；译解（decode的ing形式）材料的加工性能 Drawing ability硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表 Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法 Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method [kɔil] vt. n. 延长；伸长；延伸率；伸长率盘绕，把…卷成圈n. 卷；线圈vi. 成圈状冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test ['tensail, -səl] adj. [物]拉力的；可伸长的；可拉长的拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test [,i:lɔŋ'ɡeiʃən, i,lɔŋ-]杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至 1.6公厘，准确至 0.1公厘 3个试片平均数 ) Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率) Camber厚度及阔度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火) Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度 Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示 General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈 Rust Protection生锈速度表 Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding [səb'mə:dʒd] adj. 水下的，在水中的v. 使陷入；潜入水中（submerge的过去分词）电阻焊 Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况 Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ µ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变 Aging & Stretcher Strains 日工标准(JIS G3141)[strein] n. 张力；拉紧；血缘；负担；扭伤vi. 拉紧；尽力vt. 拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力冷辘钢片化学成份 Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式 Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass 日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表 Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141 冷辘钢片订货需知[,θiə'retikəl, ,θi:ə-] adj. 理论的；假设的；理论上的；推理的Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号) JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet [kə'rəuʒən] n. 腐蚀；腐蚀产生的物质；衰败上漆能力 Paint Adhesion [əd'hi:ʒən] n. 支持；粘附；固守电镀锌钢片的焊接 Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet ['ɡælvənaiz] vt. 通电；镀锌；刺激点焊 Spot welding滚焊 Seam welding [si:m] n. 缝；接缝vt. 缝合；接合；使留下伤痕Vi. 裂开；产生裂缝电镀锌(电解)钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程 Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度 Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass [ziŋk]表面处理 Surface Treatment冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass [,θiə'retikəl, ,θi:ə-] 锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准 JIS G3303)简介 General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程 Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量 Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层 Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层 Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记 Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度 Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮) Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类 Type of Steel常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet简介 General软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线 Narrow Hysteresis矫顽磁力 Coercive Force [kəu'ə:siv] adj. 强制的；高压的；胁迫的硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处 The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented ['ɔ:rientid, 'əu-] adj. 定向的；导向的；以…为方向的v. 调整；确定…的方位；使朝向（orient的过去分词）电器用硅 [硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格 End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅 [硅] 钢片之分类 Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets [,insju'leiʃən, 'insə-] n. 绝缘；隔离，孤立晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片 Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel 晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数 (日工标准及美材标准) Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火 Annealing [ə'ni:l]电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因 Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary碳污染 Prevent Carbon Contamination [kən,tæmi'neiʃən] n. 污染，玷污；污染物热力应先从工件边缘透入 Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges ['læmineitid] adj. 层压的；层积的；薄板状的v. 分成薄片；用薄片覆盖（laminate的过去分词）提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation [ik'sesiv] [,ɔksi'deiʃən]应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature绝缘表面 Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘 [低碳] 钢片 Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片 Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀铝硅合金钢片的特色 Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途 End Usages抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314) Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314 镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准 (ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能 Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差 Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程 Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力 Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片) Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板 Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准 Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程 Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知 Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢 Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义 Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel [kə'rəuʒən] n. 腐蚀；腐蚀产生的物质；衰败铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel [pri,sipi'tei ʃən] n. 坠落；沉淀，沉淀物；鲁莽；冰雹铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless 表面处理 Surface finish 薄卷片及薄片(0.3至 2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin StainlessSteel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) – strip/sheet 不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP) Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel –Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge [ɡeidʒ] n. 计量器；标准尺寸；容量规格vt. 估计；测量；给…定规格不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat –resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片 Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料 Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条 Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条 Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条 Convex Spring Strip [kɔn'veks] adj. 凸面的；凸圆的n. 凸面体；凸状拉尺发条 Measure Tape魔术手环 Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图 Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条 Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力 Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring [tɔ:k] n. 转矩，扭矩；项圈，金属领圈定型发条的形状及翻动过程 Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理 Edge Finish硬度 Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途 High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式 The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel Strip SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤长的重量 /公斤(阔 100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度 (阔 100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公尺长的重量 /公斤(阔 2.0-10公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤之长度 (阔 2.0-10公厘) Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip分类 Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片 Carbon Steel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip回火状态 Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态 Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 Edge Finished淬火剂 Quenching Media碳钢回火 Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火 High Temperature Tempering退火 Annealing完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing [di'fju:ʒən] n. 扩散，传播；[物]漫射低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing中途退火 Process Annealing球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火 Bright Annealing淬火 Quenching [kwentʃ] vt. 结束；熄灭，淬火；解渴；冷浸vi. 熄灭；平息时间淬火 Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准 Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层 Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍 Nickel Plated镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属 Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal 不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属 Copper as Base Metal [beis] n. 底部；垒；基础adj. 卑鄙的；低劣的vt. 以…作基础黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal轴承合金 Bearing Alloy轴承合金–日工标准 JIS H 5401 Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表 Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose 易溶合金 Fusible Alloy焊接合金 Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊 Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准 JIS H 4341 Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊 Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材 Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品 Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准 JIS G 3532 Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线 (退火低碳钢线 )，铅水线 (镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注 OrdinaryLow Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能 Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝 Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份 Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter/ dai'æmitə] Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材 Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份 AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表 Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝 High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506) 冷拉高碳钢线 Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire (to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表 Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准 G 3521) Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准 G3522) Piano Wires (to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径 Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters 直径，公差及拉力强度 Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength ['twistiŋ] n. 缠绕；旋扭法；扭转；诱骗adj. 缠绕的；曲折的；转动的v. 编成；盘绕；扭曲（twist 的ing形式） ['tensail, -səl] adj. [物]拉力的；可伸长的；可拉长的裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层 Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer [pə'misibl] [flɔ:]常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份Stainless Spring Wire – National Standard number, Characteristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition 弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况 Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表 Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会 ASTM A313 –1987 Chromium –Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987 化学成份 Chemical Composition机械性能 Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份 (先数字后字母排列) JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份 (先数字后字母排列) AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet) ['ælfəbit] n. 字母表，字母系统；入门，初步易车碳钢 Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 ) 化学成份 Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差 Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar [hek'sæɡənəl] adj. 六边的，六角形的易车(快削)不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类 Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ= 1/100 mm) Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance [ɡraind]vt. 磨碎；磨快vi. 磨碎；折磨n. 磨；苦工作易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较 Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线 Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire [pri'siʒən] n. 精确；精度，精密度adj. 精密的，精确的加工方法 Manufacturing Method应用材料 Material Used特点 Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料 Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差 Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差 Square Wire Tolerance专业知识材料科学基础常用英语词汇物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数 Lattice constant米勒指数 Mill's Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution 插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution金属间化物 Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性 Plastic Deformation滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion硬化 Work Hardening退火 Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶 Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection 不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections 渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal 磁力 Magnetic简介 General软磁 Soft Magnetic硬磁 Hard Magnetic磁场 Magnetic Field磁性感应 Magnetic Induction透磁度 Magnetic Permeability磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体 Diamagnetism磁偶极子 Dipole负磁力效应 Negative effect顺磁体 Paramagnetic正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体 Ferromagnetism转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization磁畴 Magnetic domain相反旋转 Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism磁矩 magnetic moment净磁矩 Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents 铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation 钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法 Continuous casting process 电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit全静钢 Killed steel半静钢 Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢 Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element 特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准 JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准 G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准 G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准 G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95 Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141) 简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet 冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度 Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态。

服役环境下拉索全寿命腐蚀曲线分析鲍烜平;何政【摘要】腐蚀问题是斜拉桥拉索运营状态下性能最重要的影响因素之一.腐蚀会导致拉索截面削减,构件承载力下降,同时对其抗疲劳性能、延性等性能也会产生重大影响.拉索受力截面积的变化作为衡量拉索腐蚀程度的参数,在研究拉索在腐蚀环境下的各类性能研究都有重要意义.文中综合考虑应力、腐蚀环境以及随机性因素等对拉索腐蚀作用的影响,结合全寿命设计理论,提出腐蚀拉索截面变化率这一参数并通过分段刻画拉索在腐蚀作用下对拉索构件截面变化的影响,建立了一种将统计方法、加速腐蚀试验等相结合的方法以获取服役期内的该参数全寿命时间关联曲线,为拉索寿命的评估和拉索在服役环境下的性能研究提供基础和参考.【期刊名称】《低温建筑技术》【年(卷),期】2014(036)008【总页数】3页(P49-51)【关键词】斜拉桥;拉索;腐蚀;截面变化率;使用寿命【作者】鲍烜平;何政【作者单位】大连理工大学土木工程学院,辽宁大连116024;大连理工大学土木工程学院,辽宁大连116024【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TU392.2拉索内镀锌钢丝的腐蚀相关问题已得到国内外学者广泛关注，加速试验［1］是研究拉索腐蚀机理的主要方法;Deeble等［2］通过实验分析悬索桥拉索腐蚀监测结果，得出温度和相对湿度对拉索腐蚀的影响;Yang等［3］通过盐雾试验分析了拉应力对拉索腐蚀的影响;徐俊等［4］结合实验数据结果分析和数值模拟研究了钢丝力学性能随腐蚀发展的变化规律;Li等［5］提出了以质量损失为标准的拉索腐蚀评定方法;Li等［6］及Nakamura等［7］通过加速腐蚀试验，得出腐蚀对拉索的疲劳寿命存在较大影响;Suzumura等［8］针对拉索镀锌钢丝通过试验方法探究了镀锌钢丝的腐蚀速率影响因素;Barton 等［9］和 Betti等［10］通过加速腐蚀试验发现腐蚀作用下拉索钢丝断裂的伸长率较无腐蚀状态发生变化;对于应力问题，梁雄［11］通过加速试验对模拟酸雨环境下的镀锌钢丝镀锌层在不同应力水平的腐蚀速度进行分析，研究表明应力对镀锌层腐蚀速率有影响。

HIGH STRENGTH SHEET AND PLATE STEELS FOR OPTIMUM STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCEJan-Olof SperleSSAB Tunnplåt AB, Borlänge, SwedenSUMMARYModern quench and tempering as well as continuous annealing make it possible to produce high strength steel with up to 1200 MPa yield strength. This high yield strength gives potential for considerable improvements in performance and reduction in weight, which are of increasing importance in the transport sector and in vehicles used in the construction industry.This paper describes briefly the static properties, forming, joining and structural strength characteristics as well as crash resistance and energy absorption of high strength steels. Examples of applications are given. Special attention is paid to extra high strength and ultra high strength steels. Conventional forming and joining methods can be used. By taking into account the qualities and characteristics of high strength steel at the design stage and in production technique the full potential of the material can be utilized.INTRODUCTIONIndustry, particularly in the transport sector, is constantly aiming to reduce weight, increase performance and safety and rationalize production methods. The use of high strength steels with good formability and weldability is increasingly seen as one important way in which these aims can be met. Quenched and tempered steels with yield strength levels up to 1100 MPa and hot rolled cold forming steels with yield strength levels up to 740 MPa are successfully used in cranes, trucks, dumpers, temporary bridges and similar products. For automotive applications rephosphorized, micro-alloyed and dual-phase cold rolled grades with tensile strengths of up to 1400 MPa and metallized grades with tensile strengths of up to 600 MPa have been introduced.On the basis of yield strength new types of high strength steels give a great potential for weight reduction and cost effective designs. To exploit the fullpotential of high strength steels the design philosophy and production techniques must take into accont factors such as formability, weldability, stiffness, buckling, crush resistance and fatigue.In this paper the high strength steels will be presented with focus on the higher strength levels. The above factors are exemplified and discussed on the basis of optimum structural performance in using high strength steels. Most of the test results presented in this paper refer to cold rolled high strength sheet steel, however, many aspects of the use of these steels are generally applicable. Applications are presented where different high strength steels are successfully used.THE MOTIVES FOR USING HIGH STRENGTH STEELSThe driving forces behind the increasing use of high strength steels are often connected to the wish to achieve the best structural performance at the lowest possible weight and cost. In general, overall economy of the final product is usually the deciding factor. This is based on material cost, production economy and, increasingly, Life Cycle Costs - an analysis of all the costs and benefits during the entire life of the product.In such an analysis one should for example consider that by using high strength steel it is possible to reduce material thickness and dead weight of a structure which in turn give higher pay-loads. Lower production weights lead to lower handling costs and less filler material in welding operations. Additionally, modern high strength steels combine several favourable properties such as high strength, weldability, excellent forming and punching characteristics and minor variations in physical properties. All these factors are of primary importance in keeping production costs down. The environmental advantages of low weight and increased pay-load are also extremely important today when fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and the use of finite global resources must be kept to a minimum.The use of high strength steel usually leads to lower material costs since the weight reduction more than compensates for the higher price of high strength steel. This means that there is a strong motivation to use high strength steels outside the transport sector and in structures that are regarded as ”simple” such as shelf systems and hinges.STEEL GRADESAll high strength steel grades produced at SSAB are made by basic oxygen furnace steelmaking followed by continuous casting. Inclusion control is used to increase formability. Steel gradesand mechanical properties are shown in Table I. This paper primarily refers to Extra High Strength, EHS (450 ≤ R e≤ 800 MPa) and Ultra High Strength, UHS (R e > 800 MPa) steels. When placing steels in these groups the yield strength for DP steels is the one after 2 % work-hardening and bake-hardening.Table I: Mechanical properties for high strength steel gradesGrade Steel1typeYieldstrength(MPa)Tensilestrength(MPa)Elongation(%)E c2 minminA5 min A80minWeldox 500 HR-MA 500 570 16 - .39 Weldox 700 HR-MA 700 780 14 - .38 Weldox 900 HR-MA 900 940 12 - .56 Weldox1100 HR-MA 1100 1200 10 - .68 Domex 350 YP HR-MA 350 430 26 - .17 Domex 490 XP HR-MA 490 550 18 - .33 Domex 590 XP HR-MA 590 650 15 - .32 Domex 690 XP HR-MA 690 750 15 - .32 Domex 740 XP HR-MA 740 790 13 - .37 Docol 350 YP CR-MA 350 410 - 22Docol 500 YP CR-MA 500 570 - 12Docol 600 DP CR-DP 350 600 - 16Docol 800 DP CR-DP 500 800 - 8Docol 1000 DP CR-DP 700 1000 - 5Docol 1200 DP CR-DP 1000 1200 4Docol 1400 DP CR-DP 1200 1400 3Dogal 350 YP HDG-MA350 420 - 22Dogal 500 YP HDG-MA500 600 - 101) HR = hot rolled MA = microalloyedCR = cold rolled DP = dual-phaseHDG = hot-dip galvanized2) Ec = C + Mn6+ Cr Mo V++5+ Ni Cu+15(Carbon equivalent, typical values)The Weldox grades are produced in thicknesses 5 - 80 mm. Domex grades are produced in thicknesses 2 - 10 mm and Docol and Dogal in 0.5 to 2 mm.The Weldox grades are either thermomecanically processed (Weldox 500) or quenched and tempered (Weldox 700 - 1100) hot rolled microalloyed steel plates.Domex grades are all hot rolled thermomecanically processed microalloyed strip steels. Docol grades are either cold rolled microalloyed steels (Docol 350 - 500 YP) or cold rolled dual-phase steels (Docol 600 - 1400 DP). Dogal grades, finally, are hot-dip galvanized microalloyed steels.FORMABILITYAll grades mentioned above are intended for cold forming without any extra heating. A low level of non-metallic inclusions and sulphide-shape control are very important for bend formability and edge ductility in hole expansion.A Domex 690 XP hot-rolled grade can be bent without cracks to a bending radius of 1.6xt (t = sheet thickness). The corresponding value for Weldox 700 is 2xt.The dual-phase grades can be work-hardened after forming and bake-hardened after paint baking to increase the yield strength by up to a maximum of 300 MPa. Press-forming can be used even on the tensile strength level 1400 MPa but rollforming is the most suitable method for forming Docol 1200 DP and Docol 1400 DP. The press formability of Docol 600 - 1400 DP in comparison with mild steel is illustrated in Figure 1 [1].Fig 1 Examples from tests in deep drawing and stretch forming of steels DC O4 (mild steel), Docol 600 DP, Docol 800 DP, Docol 1000 DP,Docol 1200 DP and Docol 1400 DPPress hardening using the Plannja process, where boron steel sheets are hot formed in cooled tools, is a very interesting alternative to cold forming for complicated parts of very high strength (R e = 1200 MPa).WELDABILITYAll grades described in this paper can be welded with conventional welding methods. The reason for the good weldability is the lean chemistry of the steels.The most common welding methods for hot rolled steel grades are manual metal arc (MMA) and gas shielded arc welding (MAG). For cold rolled and metallized grades spot welding and MAG-welding are most frequently used. When discussing weldability of high strength steels the matter of most concern is normally cold cracking in the heat affected zone (HAZ). Brittle microstructures such as martensite of high carbon content and high levels of hydrogen together with high restraint forces increase the risk of cold cracking. The carbon equivalent CE, being a measure of the richness in chemical composition, is often used as a value to estimate the susceptibility to cold cracking. If the CE-values given in table I are compared to the CE-value of 0.4 for an ordinary standard high strength steel St 52-3 (R e = 350 MPa) it is obvious that Weldox and Domex extra high strength steels normally show little risk of cold cracking. For plate thicknesses greater than 10 mm preheating is recommended when working with Weldox 900 and 1100. The weldability of Weldox and Domex steels is discussed in more detail in [2] and [3].All Docol cold rolled and Dogal metallized products can be MAG-welded or spot welded, but, it is important to adjust the welding parameters according to the alloy content of each grade. For Docol 1200 DP and 1400 DP only spot welding to mild steel is recommended.MMA- and MAG-welded EHS and UHS steels often show a narrow soft zone in HAZ. In the case of Weldox QT grades and Docol DP grades this is mainly due to tempering and in Domex, Docol and Dogal microalloyed grades due to loss of precipitation hardening in the microstructure. If the soft zone is small in comparison to the thickness of the plate or sheet the strength of the welded joint is not effected due to the high degree of constraint.The width of the soft zone depends mainly on heat input and the thickness. Low heat input is therefore recommended when welding EHS and UHS steels which have a structural load perpendicular to the weld. In such cases it is also advisable to choose a welding wire which matches the strength of the material to be welded.Tensile test results on butt welded joints in Domex cold forming steel and Docol cold rolled steels are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that the tensile strength of the MAG-welds in Docol DP steels is somewhat lower than the base metal strength when the tensile strength exceeds 800 MPa. The lowertensile strength.STIFFNESSThe use of high strength steel often leads to weight and thickness reductions. Since the Young’s modulus is the same for high strength steel and mild steel the stiffness decreases when the material thickness is reduced. If this reduction is not acceptable the stiffness loss can be compensated by changing the shape of the section.Fig 3 Reduced weight and cost with unchanged stiffnessFigure 3 illustrates that a small increase in section height of a beam can compensate for the stiffness loss associated with a thickness reduction, the stiffness being proportional to the square of the section height. This is a very clear example of the advantage of thinking in terms of the properties of high strength steel at the design stage.BUCKLINGDecreased thickness can result in buckling. The governing parameter for buckling is the width to thickness ratio (w/t) rather than the absolute thickness. This means that the risk of buckling is the same for a 1 mm thick sheet in an automotive structure as in a 20 mm thick bridge structure if the value of w/t is the same. The critical value of the width to thickness ratio, over which buckling will take place before the yield load is reached, is related to the yield strength by(w/t)cr = C √1 Rewhere (w/t)cr = critical width to thickness ratioC = constant depending on overall geometry R e = yield strength (MPa)Cross sections which buckle before the nominal stress in the flanges reaches the yield strength are categorised in cross section class 3 [4]. Cross sections that can be bent plastically without buckling are categorised in section class1 and cross sections in between those limits in section class 2. The value ofC for the limit between section class 2 and 3 is C = 200 for flanges in I, T, CIn order to take full advantage of the properties of high strength steel, cross sections should be in section class 1 or 2. For sections in section class 3 there is, however, still the positive effect of increased yield strength on the load-bearing capacity although it will be somewhat reduced by buckling.FATIGUEWhen introducing high strength steels into fatigue loaded structures it is important to note that the fatigue strength of welded joints does not normally increase with the increasing base metal strength. The reason for this is that the crack-like defects that are present at the weld toes mean that crack propagation will feature in the major part of the fatigue life. Since the crack growth resistance does not differ between mild steel and high strength steel, neither does the fatigue strength of the welded joints. This is illustrated in Figure 5 where we also see that if the stress concentration is low or moderate as in holes, radii and recesses, a decreased thickness and a higher working stress can be balanced by the higher fatigue strength of the high strength steel.The fatigue strength for unnotched base metal is strongly related to the surface roughness. Domex grades normally have a surface roughness R a ≈ 2 and Weldox grades R a = 4 - 8 [5].1002003004005006001002003004005006007008009001000Yield strength (MPa)F a t i g u e s t r e n g t h (M P a )Fig 5 Fatigue strength as a function of yield strengthIn order to achieve optimum performance of high strength steels in fatigue loaded welded structures, welds should be sited in areas of low stress. For spot welds the electrode diameter can be increased and the spot pitch reduced. For butt and fillet welds the toe of the weld can be ground or TIG-dressed in order that the fatigue strength of the weld may be adapted to the high strength steel. [4, 6].CRASH RESISTANCE - ENERGY ABSORPTIONTougher safety standards, for example regarding crash resistance of cars, have highlighted the interest in extra high strength and ultra high strength cold rolled, metallized and thinner hot rolled sheet steels. These steels are effective both for absorbing large amounts of energy, as in the front and rear of a car, and for withstanding high peak loads, as in the structure constituting the passenger compartment.In order to increase knowledge of how yield strength, thickness and overall geometry influence the energy absorption, static and dynamic tests in axial compression and bending have been performed on different sections.These tests, summarized below, are described in more detail in [7, 8, 9]. Axial crush testsStatic and dynamic axial tests have been performed on DP steels. The test specimens were 300 mm long rectangular hollow sections, 60x60x1.2 mm, developing an accordion-like deformation pattern when loaded in axial compression. The specimens were manufactured by joining two formed U-sections together by gas metal arc welding. Impact loads were achieved by accelerating steel pistons in a horizontal tube to the predetermined speed, 50 km/h.As expected, the absorbed energy increases with the increasing tensile strength of the steel grade, Figure 6.A comparison of results for static and dynamic tests confirm that there is a positive effect of crush speed for all steels including UHS-steels. This means that all these steels have a positive strain rate sensitivity.in DP steelsBending testsBending tests related to the application of high strength steels, for example in door intrusion beams, have been performed on rectangular sections 50x30xt mm. The thickness t varied from 1 to 2 mm. Cold rolled dual-phase and microalloyed steels as well as hot rolled microalloyed steels have beentested. The bending tests were carried out using three-point bending. The distance between the supports was 800 mm. During the test the load displacement plot was recorded. The maximum deformation was 150 mm.The maximum ultimate load, P max, as well as the absorbed energy wereFig 7 Maximum load P max vs. yield strength for bending testsBased on results from the axial crash tests and the bending tests we can draw some conclusions as to the gain in energy absorption at unchanged thicknessand reduced weight when using high strength steels instead of mild steels, table II [9].Table II: Gain in energy absorption and weight reduction when using high strength Docol DP steels instead of mild steelsDocol DP grade 600 800 1000 1200 1400Gain in energy absorption % 35 55 75 90 105Weight reduction % 25 30 35 40 45APPLICATIONSBased on the knowledge of how yield strength, plate thickness and overall geometry influence the structural properties and manufacturing properties of different constructions, high strength steels have already been successfully used in many applications.Hot rolled extra high strength steels are used for example in cranes, trucks and earth moving equipment. Figure 8 shows an application where Weldox 700 and Weldox 900 have been used for a mobile crane boom. Note that there are no welds on the flanges. The longitudinal weld situated in the neutral layer gives optimum structural performance in terms of fatigue.The use of Domex 690 XP grade is exemplified with a truck frame, figure 9. Note that rivets are used instead of welds in order to achieve the best fatigue performance.Another application for Domex 690 XP is a side reinforcing bar, which is a part of the Volvo side impact protection system, figure 10.Fig 8 Crane boom in Weldox 700 Fig 9 Truck frame inand Weldox 900 Domex 690 XPFig 10 Door intrusion beam in Fig 11 Back seat of the Volvo Domex 690 XP 850 Docol 600 DPFig 12 Bumper reinforcement Fig 13 Back seat top beam in in Docol 600 DL Dogal 500 YPFigure 10 shows a door beam where the use of Domex 690 XP combines high energy absorption with good cold formability and low weight.Figure 11 shows the back seat of the Volvo 850, where press-formed parts and tubes produced from Docol 600 DP are included to save weight.Figure 12 s hows a bumper reinforcement made of dual-phase grade Docol 600 DL where the low yield ratio gives the good formability to make the part.When corrosion protection is of great importance hot-dip galvanized microalloyed steel grades can be used. Figure 13 shows a transversal safety beam made of Dogal 500 YP which is used in the top of the back seat construction by the SAAB.REFERENCES[1]”Forming Handbook”SSAB Tunnplåt, 1997T[2] NILSSONWelding of DOMEX extra high strength cold forming steelSvetsen, special issue June 1995[3]LARSSON T BHandbook on welding of Oxelösund’s steelsSSAB Oxelösund, 1992[4] ”Sheet Steel Handbook”SSAB Tunnplåt, 1992[5] SPERLE J O AND NILSSON TThe Application of High Strength Steel for Fatigue LoadedStructuresProc. HSLA Steels Conf. on Processing, Properties andApplications, Beijing, 1992[6] SPERLE J OHigh Strength Steel for Light Weight Structures - Strength and PerformanceFatigueRoyal Institute of Technology, 1984[7] SPERLE J O AND LUNDH HStrength and Crush Resistance of Structural Members in High Strength Dual-Phase Steel SheetSc Journal of Metallurgy, 13(1984)6:343-351[8] SPERLE J O AND LUNDH HImproved Energy Absorption with High Strength Dual-PhaseSheetSteelProc. 12th Biennial Congress IDDRG, S Margherita, Italy,24 - 28 May, 1982[9] SPERLE J O AND OLSSON KHigh strength and Ultra High Strength Steels for WeightReduction in Structural and Safety Related ApplicationProc. ISATA Conf., Florence, 1996。

25crni1mov化学成分英文回答：25CrNi1MoV is a type of steel alloy that is commonly used in the manufacturing of high-strength and high-temperature components, such as pressure vessels and steam turbines. It is known for its excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, good toughness, and high resistance to fatigue.The chemical composition of 25CrNi1MoV typically includes 0.22-0.29% carbon, 0.40-0.70% silicon, 0.60-0.90% manganese, 0.15-0.25% chromium, 0.30-0.50% nickel, 0.90-1.20% molybdenum, and trace amounts of other elements such as phosphorus and sulfur. These elements are carefully balanced to achieve the desired properties of the alloy.The addition of carbon provides strength and hardnessto the alloy, while silicon enhances its resistance to oxidation and improves its ability to withstand hightemperatures. Manganese contributes to the alloy's strength and toughness, while chromium and nickel improve its corrosion resistance. Molybdenum enhances the alloy's high-temperature strength and creep resistance.To illustrate the application of 25CrNi1MoV, let's consider the example of a pressure vessel used in a petrochemical plant. This vessel is subjected to high pressure and high temperatures, and it needs to withstand the corrosive effects of the chemicals it contains.25CrNi1MoV would be an excellent choice for thisapplication due to its high strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. It would ensure the safety and reliability of the pressure vessel under such demanding conditions.中文回答：25CrNi1MoV是一种常用于制造高强度和高温部件的钢合金，如压力容器和蒸汽涡轮机。

Accommodation 适应性Aerodynamics 空气动力学Air Conditi oner 空调Air Drag 风阻Air Suspensi on 空气悬挂Analysi s 分析Anti Corrosion 防腐Anti Rust 防锈Ashtray 烟灰盒Assembly 装配Assi stant’s seat 副驾驶座Attaching Parts 附件Azimuth 方位（角）（极坐标）Back Angle 靠背角Backrest 靠背Backup Lamp 倒车灯Binocular Obstruction 双眼盲区BIW (Body-In-White) 白车身Blower 风机Body 车身，车体Bolt 螺栓Bonneted Cab 凸头驾驶室Bracket 托架Breakdown 分块Bumper 保险杠Bushing 衬套Case 壳体Caution Plate 警告牌Centroid 重心Cigarette Lighter 点烟器Chassis 底盘Chassis Frame 车架Check Arm 限位器Clip 卡扣Cluster Meter 组合仪表盘Coat Hanger 衣帽架Coat Hook 衣帽钩Collar 套环Combination Switch 组合开关Comfort 舒适性Component 总成Concealed Wipers 隐藏式雨刮器Condenser 冷凝器Contour 轮廓线Controls 控制件Convex Mirror 凸面镜Coolant 冷却液Cooler 制冷器Crash 碰撞Cup Holder 水杯架Curtain 窗帘Curtain Rail 窗帘滑轨Curvilineal 曲线的Dash Board 前围内板Delivery of the Drawing 出图Displacement 位移Door Check 限位器Door Header Rail 车门顶轨Door Lock 车门锁Door Opening 门洞Door Outer Handle 车门外手柄Door Outer Panel 车门外板Door Panel 门护板Door Pocket 门袋Door Regulator 车门玻璃升降器Door Sash 车门窗框Door Striker 锁环Door Trim 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挂钩Hose 软管Impact 碰撞In-line 直列Ingress/egress 进出Inside Lock Knob 内锁止按钮Instrument Panel 仪表板Interior Trim 内饰Intermittent Wiper 间歇式刮水器Joint 接头Joint Duct 连接管道Kinematics 运动学Lateral 横向Lever 杆籁绅士Plate 牌照籁绅士Plate Bracket 牌号托架籁绅士Plate Lamp 车牌灯Lift-up Type 翻转式（前围外板）Linear 线性的Load 载荷Lock Cylinder & Key 锁芯和钥匙Longitudinal 长度方向的Loose Panel 可卸盖板Lower Apron 下挡板Lumbar Support 腰托Luxury Interior Level 豪华内饰Mud Guard 挡泥板Mud Shield 挡泥板（侧）Male-to-Female Ration 男女比例Manikin 人体模型Manoeuvrable 操纵灵活的Meeting Minutes 会议纪要Member 横梁Meter & Gauge 仪表盘Meter Cable 仪表电缆Meter Cluster 仪表束Meter Cover 仪表面罩Meter Face 仪表面Meter Hood 仪表罩Milling 铣Mirror Holder 后视镜支架Model 模型Moquette 绒面Mount 悬置Movable Part 运动件Mudguard 挡泥板Muffler 排气消声器Muscular Contour 强壮的外形（造型风格）））Non-linear 非线性的Nozzle 喷嘴Nut 螺母Operation Hardware 开闭、锁紧装置Optimization 优化Ornament 标识Outlet 出风口Overhead Console Box 高架箱Packing 衬垫Parking Brake Lever 驻车制动手柄Percentile 百分位Perimeter 周长、周边Pillar 立柱Pin 销Pivot Point 关节点Plain Washer 平垫圈Plan V iew 俯视图Plate & Label 名牌和标识Plate Nut 板螺母Pneumatic Spring 空气弹簧Pocket 凹槽Pocket Facing 凹槽镶面Power Steering 动力转向Presentation 展示Push Button 按钮Push-on Spring Nut 顶推弹簧螺母Quarter Panel 后顶盖侧板Quarter Window 侧车窗Radiator 散热器Raised Roof 高顶Rear Overhang 后悬Rear View Mirror 后视镜Rear Wall 后围Reclining 倾斜Reflector 反射板Regulation 法规Reinforcement 加强件Rendering 效果图Requirement 要求Resin 树脂Retainer 护圈Rigidity 刚度Rivet 铆钉Roof Console 高架箱Roof Hatch 天窗Roof Panel 车顶板Room Lamp 室内灯Root-Mean-Square 均方根Round Oval Instrumentation 环抱式仪表板Safety 安全性Screw 螺钉Screw Grommet 密封圈螺钉Scuff 压条（门槛处）Seat Bench 长排座Seat Support 座椅支架Seat Track 座椅导轨Self-Supporting 自承载式Service Parts 修理配件Set Screw 定位螺钉Shim 调整垫片Shin-Knee Contour 膝部包络线Shock Absorber 减振器Side V iew 侧视图Sight Line 视线Silencer 消声器Sill 横梁Simulation 模拟Sketch 草效果图Sleeper 卧铺Sleeping Bed 卧铺Sleeping Berth 卧铺Slide Adjuster 前后滑动调节器Snap Ring 开口环Snorkel 进气管Snowplow 除雪车Spacer 隔环Speedometer 车速仪Splash A pron 侧挡泥板Spot Weldi ng 点焊Static 静态的Steering Column 转向柱Steering Column Adjuster 转向柱调整器Steering Gear 转向机构Steering Wheel 方向盘Step Plate 踏脚板Step Protector 脚踏板护板Stiffener 加强肋Stiffness 刚度Stop Lamp 制动灯Stopper 挡块Strain 应变Strength 强度Stress 应力Structure 结构Styling 造型Sun V isor 遮阳板Surfacing 线图Suspensi on 悬架Switch 开关Tachograph & Speedometer 自记式转速记和车速表Tachometer 发动机转速表Tail Lamp 尾灯Tapping Screw 自攻螺钉Template 模板Ticket/Card Holder 名片夹Tilt 翻转（驾驶室）Tipper 自卸车Tonnage 吨位Torsional Stiffness 扭转刚度Tread 轮距Trim 饰件Trim Panel 装饰板Turning Radius 转弯半径Upper Console 高架箱V ariant 变形车V entilation 通风V ertical 垂直方向的Vinyl 乙烯基Washer 垫圈Water Proof Film 防水层Weather Strip 密封条Wear-Resistant 防磨Windscreen 风窗Windshield 风窗Windshield Washer 挡风玻璃洗涤器Windshield Wiper 挡风玻璃刮水器Wiper 刮水器Wiper Arm 刮臂Wiper Blade 刮片Wiper Link Assembly 刮水器连杆组件Wiring Harness 线束b248b24807-09-08 12:22 轮椅升降机Wheel chair lift图例legend工位stati on吊运装置overhead hoist更衣室restroom1号厂房工艺布置方案图proposal of the Plant I layout合笼mate底盘平移台chassi s shuttle车辆转移台bus transfer前围角板front wall angle cover后围侧板rear wall side cover保险杠bumper三类底盘three type chassi s左侧围应力蒙皮R/S stretching skin (road side)中涂floating coat拼装台collector切割轮口wheel -arch cutti ng内饰trim线束harness返工re-doing轮罩护板wheel house发车前准备pre-delivery举升hoi st小批量产品be pilot2 套two kits配电站power transformer substation裙板skirt发动机托架engine hol ding frame诊断报警系统diagnosis and alarming system互换性interchangeability缩微图纸microfiche files总装final assembly磷化phosphating仪表板dash board切齐trimming结构完整性structure integrity自动愈合的防腐材料self-healing corrosion preventative material 长途客车inter-city bus改装厂refitting factory遮阳板sun visor随车工具tool box钢化玻璃toughened grass异形钢管special steel pipe全天候空调系统full range A/C强制通风ram-air ventilation停机时间downtime无公害柴油clean diesel宽敞悬臂式座椅roomy cantilevered seat防滑地板no-skid floor织物纹里铝合金textured aluminum extrution 爬坡能力grade ability排水阀drain valve除湿器moisture ejector怠速时at idle琴式驱动桥banjo type drive axle通风口duct恒温控制thermostatic control平衡水箱surge tank变光开关simmer switch消音器muffler防破坏vandal resi stant聚碳化透镜poly-carbonate len镀锌板galvanized plate搭接lap亮丽的外表smart apperance隐藏式固定concealed fastening水洼ponding发动机中置式客车bus with under floor engi ne组合式客车车身modular bus body薄壳式结构shell constructi on衬垫pad空气导流板air deflector搁梁shelf beam腰梁waist rail梭梁stabilizing beam腰带式安全带diagonal safety belt压条trim strip嵌条insertion strip翼板fender斜撑bracing piece转向盘回正性试验test of steering wheel returnability转向盘转角脉冲试验steering wheel impulse input test转向盘转角阶跃输入试验steering wheel step input or transient state yaw response test 极限侧向加速度试验limiting lateral acceleration test汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验automobile ride random input running test汽车平顺性单脉冲输入行驶试验automobile ride single pulse input running test汽车悬挂系统固有频率与阻尼比的测定试验measurement of natural frequency and damping raito of suspension 功率突然变化影响试验test of effect of sudden power change收油门后控制试验test of control at breakway横风稳定性试验test of crosswind stability反冲试验kick-back test轮胎爆破响应时间试验test of burst response of tyre绕过障碍物试验obstacle avoidance test移线试验lane change testJ型转弯试验test of J turn频率响应时间试验frequency response test瞬态响应时间试验transient response test阶路响应时间试验step response test脉冲响应试验pul se response test静态操舵力试验static steering effort test悬架举升试验jack-up test of suspension耐翻倾试验test of overturning immunity轮辋错动试验rim slip test风洞试验wind tunnel test制动稳定性试验test of braking stability最小转弯直径试验minimum turning diameter test操舵力试验steering effort test汽车发动机类型type发动机engine内燃机intenal combusiton engine动力机装置power unit汽油机gasoline engine汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injecti on engine火花点火式发动机spark ignition engi ne压燃式发动机compression ignition engine往复式内燃机reciprocating internal combustion engine 化油器式发动机carburetor engi ne柴油机diesel engine转子发动机rotary engine旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine二冲程发动机two-stroke engine四冲程发动机four-stroke engi ne直接喷射式柴油机direct injection engine间接喷射式柴油机indirect injection engine增压式发动机supercharged engine风冷式发动机air-cooled engi ne油冷式发动机oil-cooled engine水冷式发动机water-cooled engine自然进气式发动机naturally aspirated engine煤气机gas engine液化石油气发动机liquified petroleum gas engine 柴油煤气机diesel gas engine多种燃料发动机multifuel engine石油发动机hydrocarbon engi ne双燃料发动机duel fuel engine热球式发动机hot bulb engine多气缸发动机multiple cylinder engine对置活塞发动机opposed pi ston engine对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder engine十字头型发动机cross head engi ne直列式发动机in-line engi ne星型发动机radial engine筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine斯特林发动机stirling engine套阀式发动机knight engine气孔扫气式发动机port-scavenged engine倾斜式发动机slant engine前置式发动机front-engine后置式发动机rear-engine中置式发动机central engine左侧发动机left-hand engine右侧发动机right-hand engine短冲程发动机oversquare engine长冲程发动机undersquare engine等径程发动机square engi ne顶置凸轮轴发动机overhead camshaft engine双顶置凸轮轴发动机dual overhead camshaft engine V形发动机V-engine顶置气门发动机valve in-head engine侧置气门发动机side val ve engine无气门发动机valveless engine多气门发动机multi-valve engine卧式发动机horizontal engine斜置式发动机inclined engine立式发动机vertical engineW形发动机w-engineI形发动机I-engineL形发动机L-engineF形发动机F-engi ne性能performance二冲程循环two-stroke cycle四冲程循环four-stroke cycle狄塞尔循环diesel cycle奥托循环otto cycle混合循环mixed cycle定容循环constant volume cycle工作循环working cycle等压循环constant pressure cycle理想循环ideal cycle热力循环thermodynamic cycle冲程stroke活塞行程piston stroke长行程long stroke上行程up stroke下行程down stroke进气行程intake stroke充气行程charging stroke压缩行程compression stroke爆炸行程explosion stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke动力行程power stroke排气行程exhaust stroke膨胀换气行程expansion-exchange stroke 换气压缩行程exchange-compression stroke 止点dead center上止点top dead center(upper dead center)下止点lower dead center(bottom dead center) 上止点前budc(before upper dead center)上止点后atdc(after top dead cetner)下止点前bbdc(before bottom dead center)下止点后abdc(after bottom dead center)缸径cylinder bore缸径与行程bore and stroke空气室energy chamber气缸余隙容积cylinder clearance volume燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume气缸最大容积maximum cylinder volume压缩室compression chamber排气量displacement发动机排量engine displacement活塞排量piston swept vol ume气缸容量cylinder capacity单室容量single-chamber capacity容积法volumetry压缩比compression rati o临界压缩比critical compression ratio膨胀比expansion ratio面容比surface to volume ratio行程缸径比stroke-bore ratio混合比mixture ratio压缩压力compression pressure制动平均有效压力brake mean effecti ve pressure(bmep) 空燃比air fuel ratio燃空比fuel air ratio燃料当量比fuel equivalence ratio扭矩torque单缸功率power per cylinder升功率power per liter升扭矩torque per liter升质量mass per liter减额功率derating power输出马力shaft horsepower马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour总马力gross horse power总功率gross power净功率net power燃油消耗量fuel consumption比燃料消耗率specific fuel consumption空气消耗率air consumption机油消耗量oil consumption有效马力net horse power额定马力rated horse power马力重量系数horsepower-weight factor制动功率brake horse power制动热效率brake thermal efficiency总效率overall efficiency排烟极限功率smoke limiting horsepower功率曲线power curve机械损失mechanical loss机械效率mechanical efficiency有效热效率effecti ve thermal efficiency充气系数volumetric efficiency过量空气系数coefficient of excess air适应性系数adaptive coefficient扭矩适应性系数coefficient of torque adaptibility转速适应性系数speed adaptive coefficient强化系数coefficient of intensification校正系数correction factor换算系数conversion factor活塞平均速度mean pi ston speed发动机转速engine speed (rotational frequency) 怠速转速idling speed经济转速economic speed起动转速starting speed最低稳定工作转速lowest continuous speed with load 最大扭矩转速speed at maximum torque最高空转转速maximum no load governed speed 调速speed governing超速overspeed怠速idling转速波动率speed fluctuation rate工况working condition(operating mode) 额定工况declared working condition变工况variable working condition稳定工况steady working conditi on空载no-load全负荷full load超负荷overload部分负荷part load充量（进气）charge旋转方向direction of rotation顺时针clockwise逆时针counter-cl ockwise左转left-hand rotation右转right-hand rotation外径major diameter中径pitch diameter内径minor diameter径向间隙radial clearance发动机性能engine performance加载性能loading performance起动性能starting performance加速性能acceleration performance动力性能power performance排放性能emission performance空转特性no load characteristics负荷特性part throttle characteristics调速特性governor control characteristics 万有特性mapping characteri stics稳定调速率steady state speed governing rate 气缸体和气缸盖cylinder block and head气缸体cylinder block整体铸造cast inblock (cast enblock)发动机罩engine bonnet气缸体加强筋engine block stiffening rib气缸cylinder（转子机）缸体statorb248b24807-09-08 12:23 缸径cylinder bore气缸体机架cylinder block frame气缸盖cylinder head配气机构箱valve mechani sm casing气缸体隔片cylinder spacer气缸盖密封环cylinder head ring gasket气缸盖垫片cylinder head gasket气缸套cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve)干式缸套dry cylinder liner湿式缸套wet cylinder liner气缸水套water jacket膨胀塞expansion plug防冻塞freeze plug气缸壁cylinder wall环脊ring ridge排气口exhaust port中间隔板intermediate bottum导板guideway创成半径（转子机）generating radius缸体宽度（转子机）operating width机柱column燃烧室combustion chamber主燃烧室main combustion chamber副燃烧室subsi diary combustion chamber预燃室prechamber涡流燃烧室`swirl combustion chamber分开式燃烧室divided combustion chamber涡流式燃烧室turbulence combusti on chamber半球形燃烧室hemispherical combustion chamber浴盆形燃烧室bathtub section combustion chamberL形燃烧室L-combustion chamber楔形燃烧室wedge-section combustion chamber开式燃烧室open combustion chamber封闭喷射室closed spray chamber活塞顶内燃烧室piston chamber爆发室explosion chamber燃烧室容积比volume rati o of combustion cahmber燃烧室口径比surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber 通道面积比area rati o of combustion chamber passage曲轴箱通气口crankcase breather凸轮轴轴承座camshaft bearing bush seat定时齿轮室罩camshaft drive(gear)cover曲轴箱检查孔盖crankcase door曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosion proof door主轴承盖main bearing cap气缸盖罩valve mechani sm cover飞轮壳flywheel cover扫气储器scavenging air receiver活塞piston裙部开槽活塞split skirt pi stonU形槽活塞U-slot piston滚花修复活塞knurled piston圆顶活塞dome head pi ston平顶活塞flat head piston凸顶活塞crown head piston(convex head piston) 凹顶活塞concave head piston阶梯顶活塞step-head piston筒形活塞trunk piston椭圆形活塞oval piston抗热变形活塞autothermic piston不变间隙活塞constant clearance pi ston镶因瓦钢片活塞invar strut piston直接冷却式活塞direct-cooled piston间接冷却式活塞indirect cooled piston 滑裙活塞slipper pi ston活塞速度piston speed活塞顶部piston head活塞裙部piston skirt整体活塞裙solid skirt活塞裙扩大衬簧piston skirt expander 滑履式活塞裙slipper skirt隔热槽heat dam活塞标记piston mark活塞销piston pin活塞销孔piston pin boss活塞销衬套piston pin bushing全浮式活塞销full-floating pi ston pin 半浮式活塞销semifloating pi ston pin 固定螺钉式活塞销set screw piston pin活塞环piston ring组合式活塞环compound pi ston ring 同心活塞环concentric piston ring 偏心活塞环eccentric piston ring 自由环free ring闭合环closed ring梯形环keystone ring半梯形环half keystone ring矩形环rectangular ring油环oil control ring开槽油环slotted oil control ring螺旋弹簧加载双坡口油环coil spring loaded slotted oil control ring 涨环expander双坡口油环double bevelled oil control ring内上坡口internal bevel top内下坡口internal bevel bottom边缘坡口油环bevelled-ege oil control ring刮油环scrapper ring钩形环napier ring镀铬活塞环chrome plated pi ston ring活塞衬环piston ring expander活塞环槽piston ring groove活塞环区ring zone活塞环岸piston ring land活塞环内表面back of ring曲柄连杆机构connecting rod中心曲柄连杆机构central-located connecting rod偏心曲柄连杆机构offset connecting rod铰接曲柄边杆机构hinged connecting rod连杆connecting rod连杆小头connecting rod small end连杆大头connnecting rod bi g end连杆杆身connecting rod shank副连杆slave connecti ng rod叉形连杆fork-and-blade connecting rod 主连杆main connecting rod方形连杆boxed rod绞链式连杆hinged type connecting rod活节式连杆articulated connecting rod连杆盖connecting rod cap连杆轴承connecting rod bearing曲轴crankshaft整体式曲轴one-piece crankshaft组合式曲轴assembled crankshaft右侧曲轴right-hand crankshaft左侧曲轴left-hand crankshaft改变行程的曲轴stroked crankshaft曲轴前端crankshaft front end曲轴主轴颈crankshaft main journal轴颈重叠度shaft journal overlap圆角fillet主轴承main bearing曲轴止推轴承crankshaft thrust bearing薄臂轴瓦thin wall bearing shell曲轴油道crankshaft oil passage曲柄crank曲柄臂crank arm曲柄销crank pin轴套bush曲柄转角crank angle曲柄半径crank radius抛油圈oil slander角度轮degree wheel动平衡机dynamic balancer平衡重balancer weight扭振减振器torshional vibration damper 扭振平衡器torsion balancer谐振平衡器harmonic balancer振动平衡器vibrati on balancer曲轴链轮crankshaft sprocket转子轴颈rotor journal偏心轴eccentric shaft曲轴箱crankcase闭式曲轴箱通风装置closed-crankcase ventilating system 飞轮flywheel飞轮齿圈flywheel ring gear飞轮芯棒cantilever飞轮芯轴flywheel spindle飞轮的惯量矩flywheel moment of inertia飞轮标记flywheel mark当量系统equivalent system当量轴长equivalent shaft length一级往复惯性力reciprocating inertia force,1st order 二级往复贯性力reciprocating inertia force, 2nd order 离心惯性力centrifugal inertia force配气机构valve gear凸轮轴camshaft凸轮cam整体式凸轮轴one-piece cam shaft组合式凸轮轴assembled camshaft凸轮轴驱动机构camshaft drive赛车用凸轮轴race cam shaft凸轮轴轴颈camshaft bearing journal凸轮轴轴承camshaft bearing凸轮轴偏心轮camshaft eccentric凸轮轴链轮camshaft sprocket凸轮轴正时齿轮camshaft timing gear凸轮轴齿轮camshaft gear wheel进口凸轮inlet cam排气凸轮汽车词汇（2）出处：作者：swm45100 FanE『翻译中国』2004-5-27 14:07:30 中间齿轮intermediate gear(counter gear)副轴齿轮counter shaft gear副轴counter shaft变速器输入轴transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比（变速比）transmission gear rati o传动比gear ratio主压力line pressure调制压力modulated pressure真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure速控压力governor pressure缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure 限档压力hold presure前油泵front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力hydrodynamic unit change pressure 后油泵gear pump (output pump )回油泵scavenge oil pump调压阀pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass val ve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro val ve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern generator档位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder control val ve液力起步fluid start零速起动stall start液力变矩器锁止converter lockup全液压自动换档系统hydraulic automatic control system 电液式自动换档系统electronic -hydraulic automatiec 换档shift升档upshift降档downshift动力换档power shfit单向离合器换档freewheel shfit人工换档manual shfit自动换档automaitc shfit抑制换档inhibited shift超限换档overrun shift强制换档forced shift换档点shift point叶片转位blade angle shift换档滞后shift hysteresis换档循环shift schedule换档规律process of power shift动力换档过程timing换档定时property of automatic shift换档品质property of automatic shft换档元件engaging element换档机构操纵杆control lever变速杆stick shift(gear shift lever)（副变速器）变速杆range selector变速叉shifting fork (gear shift fork)分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork变速踏板gear shift pedal变速轨（拨叉道轨）shift rail直接变速direct change(direct control)方向盘式变速column shift (handle change)按钮控制finger-tip control槽导变速gate changeb248b24807-09-08 12:23 空档位置neutral position直接驱动direct drive高速档top gear(high gear)低速档bottom gear(low speed gear)第一档first gear第二档second gear超速档overdirve gear经济档economic gear倒档reverse gear爬行档驱动特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定输入扭矩特性constant input torque performance全油门特性full throttle performance寄生损失特性no load (parasitic losses)performance 原始特性primary characteristic响应特性response characteri stic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic输入特性characteristic of enhance输出特性characteristic of exit力矩特性torque factor(coefficient of moment) 过载系数overloading ratio变矩系数torque ratio能容系数capacity factorr几何相似geometry similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency万向节和传动轴universal joint and drive shaft万向节universal joint非等速万向节nonconstant velocity universal joint 等速万向节constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节near constant velocity universal joint 自承式万向节self-supporti ng uni versal joint非自承式万各节non self suporting universal joint回转直径swing diameter等速平面constant velocity plane万向节夹角true joint angle十字轴式万向节cardan (hookes)universal joint万向节叉yoke突缘叉flange york滑动叉slip yoke滑动节，伸缩节slip joint花键轴叉slip shaft yoke轴管叉（焊接叉）tube(weld yoke)十字轴cross(spi der)十字轴总成cross assembly挠性元件总成flexible universal joint球销式万向节flexible member assembly双柱槽壳housing球环ball球头轴ball head球头钉button中心球和座centering ball and seat球笼式万向节rzeppa uni versal joint钟形壳outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节plunging constant vel ocity joint筒形壳cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套inner race withcylinder ball grooves 偏心保持架non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节ball spline rzeppa universal joint外壳outer housing内壳体inner housing球叉式万向节weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定心钢球centering ball三球销万向节tripod universal joint三柱槽壳housing三销架spider双联万向节double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节tracta universal joint凸块叉fork yoke榫槽凸块tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块groove coupling传动轴drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系drive line传动轴形式drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft 两万向节外侧滑动传动轴two joint ouboard slip drive shaft 单万向节传动轴single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tube assembly 传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noi se of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaft assembly 允许滑动量slip相位角phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspensi on drive axle转向驱动桥steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles“三速”贯通轴"three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥single drive axle多桥驱动multiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted double reducti on final drive后置式双级主减速器rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式双级主减速器top mounted double reducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reducti on final drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器two speed double reducti on final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hub reductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor) 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器self-locking differential with si de ring and radial cam plate 自动离合式自锁差速器automoti ve positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速比axle ratio总减速比total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮differential side gear行星齿轮spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋锥齿轮spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear格里林齿制gleason tooth奥林康型齿制oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数number of teeth in bevel gears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoi d gears 平面锥齿轮plane bevel gear奥克托齿形octoid form平顶锥齿轮contrate gear齿面接触区circular tooth contact齿侧间隙backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴differential spider差速器锁止机构differential locking -device差速器锁止系数differential locking factor差速器壳轴承carrier bearing桥壳axle housing整体式桥壳banjo housing可分式桥壳trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳unitized carrier-type axle housing对分式桥壳split housing冲压焊接桥壳press-welding axle housi ng钢管扩张桥壳expanded tube axle housing锻压焊接桥壳forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳cast rigid axle housing半轴。

桥梁建筑专用英语整合AAdjustable anchor headAmbient temperatureAnchor earAnchor headAnchor holeAnchor plateAnchorage, grip and coupler for prestressing tendons Anchored sectionAnchoringAnti-corrosion greaseAnti-loose deviceAnti-oxidantAnti-skiddingAntiwearApparatusApplied forceApproach spansArm braceAxeBBack plateBaitingBare strandBargeBase metalBeam-slab structureBending testBiasBoltBolt distanceBowstring arch bridgeBox girder deckBreak rate of steel wireBreakage loadBridge bearingBridge deck systemBridge pier and abutmentBundle of monostrands with corrosion protection CCable formingCable hoopCable saddleCable support towerCable wind ropeCable-stayed bridgeCalibrationCapCast-in-situ beamChief truckCode for bridgeCold weldingConeConnecting deviceConstruction processConstruction siteCouplerCross-sectionCyclic loading testCylinderDDamping deviceDamping measuresDead load/static loadDead-end anchorageDead-end anchorage sectionDeck bridgeDistribution box/boardDuctEEarthingEfficiency coefficientElongation ultimate=ultimate elongationEmbeded steel plateEpoxy iron oreEpoxy mortarEpoxy resinous protective membraneEpoxy-coatingExpansion jointExtended socketExternal cableExternal diameterExtra-dosed bridgeFFatigue resistance performanceFatigue testFiber grating (FBG) intelligent cableFinished cableFirst-term dead loadFixing holeFloor areaFreedom sectionFriction-coefficientGGalvanizationGirderGrouting portGuy derrickHHDPE stay pipeHalf pipeHaploporeHDPE sheathHigh density polyethylene compounds for construction cable High-stress-range bridgeHighway Project Evaluation Standard for Quality Inspection Hoist/windlassHoisting loadingHollow wrap？Hot-dip galvanized steel wires for bridge cables Hydraulic pressure sensor intelligent cableHydraulic pressure transmitterHydro cylinderIIdler wheelImpact testIndustrial property rightInternal dampingInternational Federation of PrestressingIsolation facilityJJackJib/davit armJigLLateral wireLifting deviceLightweight equipmentLimited plate spacerLive-end anchorageLive-end anchorage sectionLoadLower damperLower stressMMagnetic particle testMENAModular expansion jointModulus of elasticityMortarNNominal areaNominal diameterNominal outside diameterNutOOblique impactOil channelOil pressureOil pumpOrthotropicOverall contractor Overstressing pedestalPParallel wire stay cable system ParameterPistonPot bearingPouringPrecast beamPre-embedded pipe Prefabrication tolerance Pressure reducer Prestressed anchor cable group Prestressingprestressing tendons Preventer guyProtective capProtective connect to earth Protective connect to neutral PulleyPylonQQuality of steel forgingsR(Running) riggingReducing valveReinforcing ribReserved lengthResolutionRestraining ringReverse-drawingRibRollerSSalt spray testScrewSealing ringSealssensing technologyService partSheathSlabSlanting load effectSocketSocket on dead-endSpannerSpecification for Highway Bridges and Culverts Construction Spherical bearingSpherical nutSpherical washerSpiral reinforcementSpringStatic load testStay cableStay cable consisted of strands with individual corrosion protection Stay cable systemSteel strand for prestressed concreteSteel wires for the prestressing of concreteStrandStrand Cable with integralswaging anchorageStrand rollsStress amplitudeStress relaxation rateStressing jackSubcontractorsSupport socketSupporting frameSuspenderSuspendersuspension bridgeSwaged endSwitchboardTThermoplastic polyethylene high-strength steel cableTechnical conditions for hot-extruding PE protection highstrength wire cable of cable-stayed bridgeTechnical definitude/disclosureTechnique conditions of PPWS for main cable of the suspension bridg Technology transferTemperature durability testTender-inviting/bidding documentTensile strengthTensioningThermal shrink sleeveThread accuracyThrottleTie barTool-anchorageTower craneTractionTraction apparatus/equipmentTrade marksTransducer/sensorTransition sectionUUnbonded prestressing steel strand Unbonded tendonUpper damperUpper stressVViaductWWarehousingWater-proof capWater-proof transition device Wearing partsWedgeWelderWeldingWelding arcWelding spotWelding torchWinch/windlassWire－separate saddleWooden scaffold boardWrenchYYield stressZzero drift可调端锚板环境温度抱箍锚板锚孔锚板GB/T14370-2007《预应力筋用锚具、夹具和连接器》锚固段锚固防腐油脂防松装置抗氧化防滑抗磨损的，耐磨的仪表作用力引桥撑脚,支架轴线挡板下料？裸钢绞线舶船母材，基材梁板结构弯曲试验偏压螺栓安装孔分度圆 间距系杆拱桥箱梁桥面板断丝率破断（损）荷载桥梁支座桥面系桥梁墩台单根防护钢绞线束成缆索箍索鞍索塔缆风绳斜拉桥标定盖、罩现浇梁叉车桥涵规范冷焊锥形筒，锥体连接装置施工工艺工地连接器截面循环荷载试验油缸减震装置减震措施静载固定端锚具固定端锚固段上承式桥配电箱波纹管接地效率系数极限延伸率预埋钢板环氧铁砂环氧树脂砂浆环氧树脂保护膜环氧喷涂伸缩缝延长筒体外索外径矮塔斜拉桥疲劳性能疲劳试验光纤光栅（FBG）智能索成品索一期恒载安装孔建筑面积自由段摩擦系数镀锌梁灌浆孔牵索起重机HDPE外套管哈弗护套管单孔HDPE护层CJ/T3078-1998《建筑缆索用高密度聚乙烯塑料》高应力幅的桥梁《公路工程质量评定标准》（JTGF80/1—2004）卷扬机吊装穿心套GB/T 17101-1997《桥梁缆索用热镀锌钢丝》液压传感器智能索液压变送器油缸滚轮冲击试验工业产权内部阻尼国际预应力协会（FIP）隔离设施千斤顶吊臂夹具边丝吊具轻型设备限位板张拉端锚具张拉端锚固段荷载下减振体应力下限磁粉探伤检验middle east and north africa 中东和北非模数式伸缩缝弹性模量砂浆公称截面积公称直径公称外径螺母倾斜碰撞油路油压油泵正交各项异性（板面），正交的总承包单位超张拉台座平行钢丝拉索体系参数活塞盆式支座浇注预制梁预埋管预制误差减压器预应力群锚---Multi-anchor预应力预应力筋辅助索保护罩保护接地保护接零滑车塔柱，桥塔锚具钢锻件质量索具减压阀加强筋预留长度分辨率约束圈反拉弯梁, 肋、纹路滚筒盐雾试验螺钉、拧螺纹密封圈密封件传感技术使用部位护套路（桥）面板偏载作用锚杯（筒）固定端锚杯（筒）扳手《公路桥涵施工技术规范》球形支座球形螺母球形垫板螺旋筋弹簧静载试验拉索单根防护钢绞线斜拉索拉索体系GB/T5224-2003《预应力混凝土用钢绞线》GB/T5223-2002《预应力混凝土用钢丝》钢绞线钢绞线整束挤压锚索钢绞线盘应力幅应力松弛率张拉千斤顶分包单位（商）支承筒张拉支架吊杆吊杆悬索桥挤压头配电板热挤聚乙烯高强钢丝拉索GB/T18365-2001《斜拉桥热挤聚乙烯高强钢丝拉索技术条件》技术交底JT/T395-1999《悬索桥预制主缆索股技术条件》技术转让耐温度试验招标/投标书抗拉强度张拉热缩套螺纹精度节流阀系杆工具锚塔吊牵引牵引设备注册商标传感器过渡段JG161-2004《无粘结预应力钢绞线》无粘结筋上减震体应力上限高架桥入库防水罩防水过度装置易损件夹片焊机焊接焊弧焊点焊枪卷扬机分丝管脚手板扳手屈服应力零漂。

汽车工艺与材料Automobile Technology &Material两种780MPa 级热镀锌双相钢的低周疲劳断裂行为刘华赛1,2李春光1,2白雪1,2韩赟1,2宋竹满3滕华湘1,2（1.首钢集团有限公司技术研究院，北京100043；2.绿色可循环钢铁流程北京市重点实验室，北京100043；3.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心，沈阳110016）摘要：本研究以两种780MPa 级热镀锌双相钢为研究对象，通过施加单向拉伸及应变控制的循环载荷，对两种材料的力学性能和疲劳寿命进行了研究。

结果表明，高C 成分的DP780具有更高的延伸率和n 值，其组织中除了铁素体和马氏体之外还含有5%左右的残余奥氏体；对比两种材料的疲劳寿命曲线，发现高C 成分DP780的疲劳寿命要高于低C 成分DP780的疲劳寿命；残余奥氏体在循环加载过程中发生的马氏体相变对疲劳寿裂纹的萌生和扩展起到了一定延迟作用，使其具有较高疲劳寿命。

关键词：热镀锌双相钢DP780+Z微观组织低周疲劳残余奥氏体中图分类号：TG142.1+2文献标识码：BDOI:10.19710/ki.1003-8817.20200444Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Two 780MPa Hot-Dip GalvanizedDouble Phase SteelsLiu Huasai 1,2,Li Chunguang 1,2,Bai Xue 1,2,Han Yun 1,2,Song Zhuman 3,Teng Huaxiang 1,2（1.Research Institute of Technology,Shougang Group Co.,Ltd,Beijing,100043;2.Beijing key Laboratory of Green Recyclable Process for Iron &steel Production Technology,Beijing,100043;3.Shenyang National Laboratory for Material Science,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academic of Science,Shenyang,110016）Abstract ：In this research,two different 780MPa grade hot-dip galvanized dual phase steels are selected to study mechanical properties and fatigue properties of these two materials through tensile test and strain-controlled cyclic loading test.The results show that DP780with high C content has higher elongation and n value,and the microstructure contains 5%retained austenite besides ferrite and paring the fatigue life curves of the two materials,it is found that DP780with higher C content has higher fatigue life than DP780with lower C content.Martensite phase transformation of retained austenite during cyclic loading will delay the formation and propagation of fatigue life crack,which contributes to higher fatigue life.Key words:Hot-dip galvanized double phase steel,DP780+Z,Microstructure,Low cycle fatigue,Retained austenite.作者简介：刘华赛（1982—），男，高级工程师，工学博士，研究方向为汽车用先进高强钢开发及服役性能研究。