外文翻译--探析招聘求职网站的发展
- 格式:doc
- 大小:55.50 KB
- 文档页数:10
中文3170字本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译外文题目Recruitment and selection - R&D using the Internet 外文出处Journal of Managerial Psychology,2000(7):P163-167 外文作者 Maggie McCourt-Mooney原文:Recruitment and Selection R&D using the InternetMaggie McCourt-MooneyHaving identified in the first of this series of three articles several recurring themes in recruitment and selection (see V ol. 15 No. 3 of this journal) I embarked upon a more specific search. As well as using search engines, I made use of Proquest, an information service provided on the Web by Bell and Howell and available by subscription or through academic libraries.Three of the themes previously identified - the changing work environment, developments in testing and assessment and the use of technology - formed the basis of the searches and provided useful links amongst a plethora of sites of tangential interest only.On-line recruiting:Otherwise known as e-recruiting and cyber recruiting. The development of recruitment on-line, and via company Web sites in particular, was my starting point. In order to establish the range of current practices, I searched a variety of Web sites representative of global organizations. This was supplemented by a search for relevant and up-to-date references in journal articles or available and/or accessible through the Internet.The Internet and recruitment advertising:Judging by the wealth of Web site addresses now found in newspapers, journals and in job advertisements, some substantial part of the recruitment budget is being devoted specifically to on-line recruitment. Whether this is to market the organization or to be a showcase to attract potential job seekers is not clear. My search of several Web sites revealed a wide variety of approaches to the use of on-line recruiting. An equally interesting observation was the relationship between the culture of an organization and its on-line recruitment practices.Traditional recruitment practices:Several sites, however, appeared either to merely state that applicants could apply for jobs on-line and/or should send résumés or complete a form. These sites may attract some applicants, but if they have alreadyvisited sites like those reviewed earlier in this article, they may well be discouraged by the very traditional approach. There appears to be little imaginative use of the technology. However, the particular company's culture and/or the nature of its business may go some way to explaining this.HSBC in the banking sector at /hsbcuk/ was notably uninteresting, closely followed by Roche at /roche/about/job.htm which simply gave general descriptions of jobs in the Company and stated that applicants should "send application with usual documents via conventional mail". A more traditional approach is hard to imagine.AT&T from the telecommunications sector at /hr/ was at first intriguing with its "City of opportunities". However on trying to find out what these opportunities were, the phrase "Occupational represented positions" appeared and from then onwards very little made much sense.I was left with the impression that if a company was innovative or young and dynamic, or had a very mature and leading edge recruitment process in traditional terms, it would be likely to embrace the use of the Internet warmly and to good effect. It seemed valid to check this out with other sources of reference on the Internet and to establish whether research reports are as yet demonstrating how and why companies are changing their recruitment practices to use the Internet.Developments in testing and assessment:Turning now to my next theme of developments in testing and assessment, the primary tool I used for this particular search was Proquest. I wanted to go beyond the "shop front" approach of many Web sites and find relevant research rather than simply product information.Initially, I decided to narrow my search to one aspect of testing and assessment pre-employment screening. This search provided several interesting and informative journal articles on the subject ranging from an historical perspective to guidance on legislative implications and current products available in the market place.As a starting point, a very thorough and up-to-date consideration of pre-employment screening was found in American Business Review by Philbrick et al. (1999).Interestingly the starting point of this article was the increasingly litigioussociety and the cost of hiring particularly when there are labor shortages. The authors quote the tendency to "hire in a hurry" and reiterate the problem of worsening shortages that organizations are likely to face when Baby-Boomers retire.From a US legislative standpoint the authors place emphasis on ensuring that any recruitment procedures are related to employee success on the job and "do not have a disparate impact on any protected class" They equally emphasis the onus on the employer to demonstrate if required that any pre-employment screening method is reliable and valid.Philbrick et al. (1999) review a range of approaches to screening making the initial distinction between "screening in", which is "an attempt to get the best employees" and "screening out", or "an attempt to exclude those applicants believed to have potential problems". Philbrick et al. do not recommend use of the polygraph and unstructured interviews but provided they are in no way discriminatory, the authors do advocate the use of:•carefully designed application forms;•background checks;•competency based screening;•structured interviews; and•drug testing.Some practices which Philbrick et al. suggest may have some use in certain circumstances include:•personality testing to help avoid job mismatching;•integrity testing; and•hand-writing analysis - with the following proviso.The other significant issue raised by Philbrick et al. is the importance of being aware of potential employees' negative reactions to some of the approaches to screening or to particular screening tools. Equally important is the need for the employer to manage this response in a reasonable way.So the legislative context, the diversity of the workforce and potential labor shortages are combined to provide a minefield through which employers need to walkvery carefully. Let us now consider some of the new approaches to pre-employment screening that can be timesaving and good value for employers and appear to be fair to potential employees.Pre-employment screening tools:At the simplest level, the development of 24-hour telephone pre-screening as reported, in HR Magazine seems to have provided potential candidates with more flexible arrangements. "HR Easy Inc analyse10,000 calls received during one 24 hour period to its clients using its custom-made programs that screen applicants via a touch-tone phone. Sixty nine per cent were place outside traditional business hours" (Rubis, 1998).Another example of this approach is provided by Stores New York (see Schulz, 1998) and illustrates how small retailers are able to identify likely applicants through two tiers of questioning in an automated program. In this example, the retailers, Hot Topic and Stew Leonard, advertised the vacancy and gave details of a toll free telephone number. When an applicant completed the session successfully, an interview with a live human being was scheduled automatically. This leads me to wonder how the employer copes with a potential large number of successful applicants? And are the questions really designed to test people's stamina and endurance as well as their suitability for the job?Russell (1999) gives further evidence of the likely popularity of such automated methods. He asserts that nowadays the latest business tools are economical in terms of time and money, taking often no longer than 15 minutes and often being able to be processed in-house. Russell suggests this applies to programs to screen out marginal performers early typically after a brief interview but he does not quote specific programs. However he does provide a link to the Workforce Stability Institute at which provides a more considered approach and caution on how to use any tests:•In choosing to use tests, consult with people who are both experienced and knowledgeable in the overall design of selection systems rather than a specific product or methodology.•Ensure the tests are reliable and valid measures are related as closely to the job as possible.•Check for adverse impact.Research findings:When I first started researching on-line recruitment in 1998, I found more predictions about what was likely to happen in general terms or an indication of trends that were beginning to emerge. Now in 2000 some research findings are being reported from a variety of sources. In June 2000, HR Focus magazine reported on the Web Recruiting Study 2000, undertaken by the Institute of Management and Administration (see "Why your Web site is more important than ever to new hires", HR Focus, June, 2000). An executive summary of this report also appears at . According to the survey, more than 90 per cent of job applicants check out a company's Web site before taking the job and yet more spend an average of four hours on a corporate Web site doing a job search.Changing demands on the HR function:This increased interest in, and use of, the Internet by job seekers does however bring its own problems. The August 1999 edition of Workforce (see / for subscription details) quotes several examples of companies that have responded in differing ways to this development. The examples range from Irvine, Mazda North American Operation, which decided to devote 25 per cent of its recruitment budget to an Internet recruitment service to Princess Cruises, which "does not want to share their employment practices with competitors".A me r ic a n E xpr e s s a t /sif/cda/page/0,1641,1461.asp considers the need to have a variety of recruitment strategies of which on-line recruiting is just one. The interesting point is that this appears to have tripled the number of résumés received and has, at the same time, increased the quality of applicants. What the company has also done is acknowledge that employees need to be encouraged to use the Internet themselves to recruit and appoint new employees and thus rewards are given for those who make an offer via the Internet.Speed of response and increased numbers of applicants:What this Workforce article highlighted was the need for organizations to manage the shortened recruitment cycle that on-line recruiting brings. Some companies manage theincreased speed of response and the increased numbers by improving internal capabilities in terms of software, technology and dedicated resources, such as American Express. Lockheed Martin Technology Services Group has done something slightly different at /careers/Careers.asp. Not only has it appointed an in-house interactive recruitment specialist, it has also developed a Company Web page for personnel involved in recruiting which links them into further pages and sites related to job fairs and other recruitment interests.Outsourcing the management of the on-line recruitment process is also a common practice, and the advice from all sources seems to be: "Do so if you are not in the area of IT developments and if you do so, look for more than a résumédatabase". The large number of potential applicants will need to be screened, an issue raised by myself in the previous article in this series. Apparently it is slightly more complicated than just finding the appropriate software or screening against criteria.On-line recruitment:a different process? In Part I of this series of articles, I argued that the process of recruitment and selection has not changed essentially and that Internet technology will require organizations mainly to improve these processes or manage other influences. The results of my research for this article reinforce this view but also highlight some important influences to be taken into account: the speed factor, the increased use of outsourcing, the training and development needs of both HR specialists and employees to equip them to work in an on-line recruiting environment and the concept of the "candidate as customer". The attractiveness of a company Web site and its appeal to both active and passive job seekers will be of paramount importance in the future, particularly for the next generation for which technology is the norm.(节选)译文:招聘与筛选,研发使用互联网玛吉麦科特,穆尼在这系列的三篇文章中,第一篇已经确定了招聘和筛选中反复出现的主题(见卷15,该刊第3号),接着,我向一个更具体的搜索目标进发。
2024年翻译服务市场环境分析1. 引言随着全球化的加速推进,跨国交流和合作的频率越来越高,翻译服务市场也因此迅速发展。
翻译服务市场是指提供多语种翻译服务的平台或机构,通过将不同语言之间的信息进行转化,为个人和企业提供跨语言沟通的支持。
在这一市场中,潜在的需求巨大,竞争也日趋激烈。
本文将对翻译服务市场的环境进行分析,探讨其潜在机遇和挑战。
2. 市场规模与增长趋势根据市场调研数据,全球翻译服务市场的规模逐年扩大。
据预测,2025年全球翻译服务市场的年均增长率将达到X%,市场规模将超过X亿美元。
这一增长趋势主要受到以下几方面因素的影响:•全球化需求的提升:全球经济一体化与跨国合作的不断增加,促使企业和个人越来越需要跨语言进行交流和合作。
•网络技术的进步:随着互联网的普及和网络技术的进步,即时翻译和远程合作变得更加便捷,为翻译服务市场的发展提供了有利条件。
•数字内容的爆炸式增长:随着社交媒体、在线教育和电子商务等行业的快速发展,大量的数字内容需要进行多语种翻译,推动了翻译服务市场的需求增长。
3. 市场竞争情况当前,翻译服务市场竞争激烈,主要竞争者包括自由职业者、翻译机构和在线翻译平台。
这些竞争者在市场中各有特色和优势:•自由职业者:自由职业者通常具有较高的专业水平和灵活的时间安排,能够提供个性化的翻译服务。
然而,由于缺乏规模效应,其价格竞争力相对较弱。
•翻译机构:翻译机构通常拥有庞大的翻译团队和较强的专业能力。
它们在市场中的竞争优势主要体现在规模经济效应和服务专业化上。
•在线翻译平台:在线翻译平台利用互联网技术和大数据分析,通过匹配多语种翻译需求和翻译人员,提供快速、便捷的翻译服务。
在线翻译平台的竞争优势主要来自于技术创新和平台生态建设。
4. 市场机遇与挑战翻译服务市场环境中存在着一些潜在的机遇和挑战,需要相关参与者做出相应的应对:•机遇:–新兴市场的发展:一些新兴市场对外开放的速度加快,需要大量的翻译和语言服务,为翻译服务市场提供了新的增长空间。
外文翻译--网上招聘系统外文原文ONLINE RECRUITMENT SYSTEMSRecruitment refers to a process by which potential candidates are selected in an interview to replace or take up new jobs.Recruitment process is done after the candidate has been interviewed and passed the interview.The candidate to be recruited must have the required skills,qualifications and experience if needed.Therefore the potential candidate has to meet both job description and person specification.With the growth of technology,recruitment has evolved through stages.Initially people could only be invited to interview by invitation letters and they were supposed to apply through inlandmail.They could fill the form in hard copies and post them so the prospective employee.With the advert of technology,today there is even more reliable and fastest way of recruitment.A person does not need to travel over long?distances to appear for interview.Online recruitment systems have eliminated the burden and made work of recruitment easier.This system has reduced costs and created a link between employers and employees across the Diaspora.This system has yielded hundreds of untargeted applicants thuscreating more work.Intelligent applicant tracking has come in because it manages much of the laborious work and target the best candidates for the job.The system minimizes set up costs and the burden of ongoing maintenance.The system has also assisted job seekers to get access to careers on the website.The applicants can apply online and after their applications have been processed they are notified through the internet.Further to this, the system has made recruitment easy because the curriculum vitaeCVsof applicants can be kept in the database and whenever an opportunity arises they are notified.It is through this developmentonline recruitment systemthat recruitment agencies have been established which at a small fee link the employers and employees.Economic Benefits of online recruitment systems.The growth of online recruitment system has been driven by a combination of actual cost savings in the recruitment process,increased ease and efficiency for the employer along with an improved experience for candidates. Findings in a recent CIPD survey shows that advertising job vacancies on employers on websitesis now the fourth most popular recruitment method.More than seven in ten employers advertisevacancies on their corporate websites,while sub boards are used by four in ten with 73%reporting reduced through using e-recruitment.The costs savings are typically achieved by:1.Reducing the size of advert in conventional print media:The print advert only needs limited information,directing applicant to the website to view a much richer range of information and the opportunity to apply online immediately.2.Gaining occasional candidates for free:By ensuring the careers website is easily found from the front page of the corporate website,interested applicants browsing the employer website have the opportunity to apply for specific vacancies which are available now or registering a speculation application for the future.3.Building a talent pool of candidates:Retaining speculative and star candidate for the future,and then contacting them when an appropriate vacancy is advertised effectively generating applicants for free.4.Reduced a talent pool of candidates:As all applicants are held ona single system,all applicants can be contacted individually or collectively with ease at the click of a mouse,reducing the time,effort and the cost of the administration staff.5.Pre-filtering administration:The use of selectionkillerquestions and selection techniques allows the employer to focus quickly on the most appropriate applicants and efficiently communicate with them very important in a candidate have many options and expect instant response to their applications.ing web recruitment rather than print media or agencies.Offeringconsiderable cost savings90%or moreand extensive candidate reach for most roles.In addition to the above;-Applicants received a much higher quality of service,ranging from prompt andtimely communications through the ability to select own interview time through the online interview zone?all of which enhances the employer’s brand making it easier in the long term to attract staff.-Reduced time to hire;all major employers using web recruitment systems report reduced time to hire which have a major economic impact for the employers,getting productive employees in role quicker.-Management reporting?Giving the employer the knowledge to evolve the recruitment process.(原文来源://0>./03.pdf)中文译文网上招聘系统招聘是指由那些潜在的候选人在接受面试时选择更换或接受新的工作的过程。
外文原文ONLINE RECRUITMENT SYSTEMSRecruitment refers to a process by which potential candidates are selected in an interview to replace or take up new jobs.Recruitment process is done after the candidate has been interviewed and passed the interview.The candidate to be recruited must have the required skills,qualifications and experience if needed.Therefore the potential candidate has to meet both job description and person specification.With the growth of technology,recruitment has evolved through stages.Initially people could only be invited to interview by invitation letters and they were supposed to apply through inlandmail.They could fill the form in hard copies and post them so the prospective employee.With the advert of technology,today there is even more reliable and fastest way of recruitment.A person does not need to travel over long–distances to appear for interview.Online recruitment systems have eliminated the burden and made work of recruitment easier.This system has reduced costs and created a link between employers and employees across the Diaspora.This system has yielded hundreds of untargeted applicants thus creating more work.Intelligent applicant tracking has come in because it manages much of the laborious work and target the best candidates for the job.The system minimizes set up costs and the burden of ongoing maintenance.The system has also assisted job seekers to get access to careers on the website.The applicants can apply online and after their applications have been processed they are notified through the internet.Further to this, the system has made recruitment easy because the curriculum vitae(CVs)of applicants can be kept in the database and whenever an opportunity arises they are notified.It is through this development(online recruitment system)that recruitment agencies have been established which at a small fee link the employers and employees.Economic Benefits of online recruitment systems.The growth of online recruitment system has been driven by a combination of actual cost savings in the recruitment process,increased ease and efficiency for the employer along with an improved experience for candidates. Findings in a recent CIPD survey shows that advertising job vacancies on employers on websitesis now the fourth most popular recruitment method.More than seven in ten employers advertisevacancies on their corporate websites,while sub boards are used by four in ten with 73%reporting reduced through using e-recruitment.The costs savings are typically achieved by:1.Reducing the size of advert in conventional print media:The print advert only needslimited information,directing applicant to the website to view a much richer range of information and the opportunity to apply online immediately.2.Gaining occasional candidates for free:By ensuring the careers website is easily found from the front page of the corporate website,interested applicants browsing the employer website have the opportunity to apply for specific vacancies which are available now or registering a speculation application for the future.3.Building a talent pool of candidates:Retaining speculative and star candidate for the future,and then contacting them when an appropriate vacancy is advertised effectively generating applicants for free.4.Reduced a talent pool of candidates:As all applicants are held on a single system,all applicants can be contacted individually or collectively with ease at the click of a mouse,reducing the time,effort and the cost of the administration staff.5.Pre-filtering administration:The use of selection(killer)questions and selection techniques allows the employer to focus quickly on the most appropriate applicants and efficiently communicate with them very important in a candidate have many options and expect instant response to their applications.ing web recruitment rather than print media or agencies.Offering considerable cost savings(90%or more)and extensive candidate reach for most roles.In addition to the above;-Applicants received a much higher quality of service,ranging from prompt andtimely communications through the ability to select own interview time through the online interview zone–all of which enhances the employer’s brand making it easier in the long term to attract staff.-Reduced time to hire;all major employers using web recruitment systems report reduced time to hire which have a major economic impact for the employers,getting productive employees in role quicker.-Management reporting–Giving the employer the knowledge to evolve the recruitment process.(原文来源:/03.pdf)中文译文网上招聘系统招聘是指由那些潜在的候选人在接受面试时选择更换或接受新的工作的过程。
【原创2024年】翻译行业调研分析总结及本行业未来发展趋势随着全球化的不断推进和经济的飞速发展,翻译行业在过去几十年经历了巨大的变革和繁荣。
本文将对翻译行业的现状进行调研分析,并展望未来的发展趋势。
首先,对于翻译行业的数据分析,根据市场调研数据显示,全球翻译市场规模在过去十年中增长迅速,年均增长率达到了10%以上。
这主要得益于全球跨国公司的兴起和国际贸易的加速发展。
同时,随着人们对文化交流和语言服务的需求不断增长,翻译行业也得到了进一步的提升。
在翻译行业的发展过程中,技术的应用起到了关键的作用。
机器翻译、自然语言处理和人工智能等技术的逐步成熟,使得翻译工作在速度和质量上都取得了突破性的进展。
而云计算和大数据的应用,也使得翻译行业的数据处理和管理更加高效和精确。
这些技术的应用使得翻译行业的效益显著提升,并大大缩短了翻译周期。
然而,随着人工智能的发展和机器翻译技术的不断完善,翻译行业也面临着新的挑战。
机器翻译虽然在速度和效率上具备优势,但在复杂的语言和文化背景下,其准确度和语言表达能力还无法与人工翻译相媲美。
因此,无论是在法律、医学等专业领域,还是在文学、艺术等创意领域,人工翻译仍然具有不可替代的优势。
未来的翻译行业将继续面临挑战和机遇。
一方面,随着全球化的深入推进,翻译行业的需求将继续增长。
特别是在一带一路倡议的推动下,中国的对外交流和文化输出将进一步扩大,翻译行业也将得到进一步的发展。
另一方面,随着人工智能和机器翻译技术的不断发展,翻译人员需要提升自己的专业水平和技术能力,与机器进行有机结合,实现优势互补。
总的来说,翻译行业是一个充满潜力和机遇的行业。
随着全球化和科技进步的推动,翻译行业将继续保持稳定增长。
然而,面对日益激烈的市场竞争和技术进步的挑战,翻译人员需要不断提升自身的素质和能力,充分利用技术手段,不断创新和发展。
只有如此,才能在这个快速变化的时代中,始终保持竞争优势。
为了应对翻译行业面临的挑战和抓住机遇,制定相应的发展策略至关重要。
翻译行业发展现状翻译行业是一个不断发展壮大的行业,随着全球化的深入和多元化的需求增加,翻译市场呈现出快速发展的趋势。
首先,随着全球化的加速,国际贸易和跨国公司的数量不断增加,对翻译服务的需求也日益增长。
跨国公司需要将产品说明书、合同、市场推广资料等翻译成本地语言,以适应不同国家和地区的市场需求,提高产品在当地的竞争力。
此外,国际会议、展览、活动等也需要翻译人员进行现场口译和文档翻译,推动不同国家和地区之间的交流与合作。
其次,互联网的普及和信息技术的发展为翻译行业带来了新的机遇和挑战。
通过互联网,翻译人员可以远程参与各类项目,不受地域和时间的限制。
同时,机器翻译和语言智能化技术的进步,提高了翻译工作的效率和质量。
翻译人员可以借助计算机辅助翻译工具,提高翻译效率,减少重复劳动,但也需要不断提升自身的专业水平,保持与机器翻译技术的竞争力。
再次,翻译行业的多元化和专业化发展也是当前的趋势。
传统的文学翻译、口译和笔译仍然占据重要的地位,但同时也出现了许多新的领域和专业,如科技翻译、法律翻译、医学翻译等。
这些领域对翻译人员的专业知识和技能提出了更高的要求,需要不断学习和提升。
最后,翻译行业的竞争日益激烈,翻译人员除了具备专业知识和技能外,还需要具备良好的跨文化沟通能力和商业技巧。
市场对高质量翻译的需求越来越高,客户更注重翻译的准确性、流畅度和专业性。
同时,价格也成为客户选择的重要因素,翻译公司和自由译员之间的竞争日趋激烈。
总之,翻译行业正处于飞速发展的时期,随着全球化的深入和科技的进步,翻译人员需要保持专业素养,不断学习和提升自身能力,以适应市场的需求。
同时,政府和教育机构也应加大对翻译人才的培养和支持力度,推动翻译行业的健康发展。
翻译行业现状及发展趋势翻译是一个重要的行业,随着全球化的发展和国际交流的增加,翻译行业也在不断发展。
下面将对翻译行业的现状及发展趋势进行详细介绍。
一、翻译行业现状目前,翻译行业的主要业务包括口译、笔译、本地化翻译等。
其中,笔译是翻译行业的主要业务之一,涉及到文学、商务、法律、医学、科技等各个领域。
此外,随着新技术的出现,语音翻译、机器翻译等也开始逐渐发展。
在国内,翻译行业的发展也越来越受到重视。
国家级翻译人才培养基地已经建立,同时也有一些优秀的翻译培训机构和专业翻译公司。
随着中国经济和文化的快速发展,越来越多的国际交流和合作需要翻译的支持,因此翻译行业的市场需求也在不断增加。
二、翻译行业发展趋势1.人工智能技术的应用人工智能技术在翻译行业的应用已经开始逐渐增加。
机器翻译技术的发展使得翻译工作变得更加高效、便捷。
同时,人工智能也可以在翻译领域中发挥其他作用,如辅助翻译、质量控制等。
2.多语种服务的需求随着全球化的发展,越来越多的企业和机构需要面向多国市场,因此对多语种服务的需求也在不断增加。
这就要求翻译行业在不断提升自身的语言服务能力,逐步实现全球化的翻译服务。
3.本地化翻译的需求本地化翻译是指根据当地文化和语言习惯对产品、网站、软件等进行翻译和适应性调整。
随着全球化的深入发展,越来越多的企业和机构需要进行本地化翻译,以满足当地用户的需求。
因此,本地化翻译将成为翻译行业的一个重要方向。
4.跨领域交叉融合随着科技和人文领域的不断发展,翻译行业也面临着跨领域交叉融合的趋势。
例如,在医学、法律、金融等专业领域中,需要专业的翻译人员具备丰富的专业知识。
因此,翻译人员需要跨领域学习和交流,提高自身的专业能力,以满足不同领域的需求。
5.人才培养与标准化翻译行业的发展需要大量的人才支持,因此人才培养是翻译行业的重要一环。
国家级翻译人才培养基地的建立为翻译人才的培养提供了重要的平台。
同时,对翻译行业的标准化也越来越受到重视,以提高翻译行业的服务质量和市场竞争力。
语言翻译软件市场前景分析1. 引言随着全球化的推进和人们对多语言交流的需求增加,语言翻译软件市场正迅速发展。
语言翻译软件通过使用人工智能和自然语言处理技术,能够将一种语言翻译成另一种语言,并提供即时翻译服务。
本文将对语言翻译软件市场的前景进行分析。
2. 市场概述语言翻译软件市场在过去几年里取得了快速增长。
根据市场研究公司的数据,2019年全球语言翻译软件市场规模超过了100亿美元,并预计到2025年将达到200亿美元。
主要推动市场增长的因素包括全球化进程的加速、跨国贸易的增多以及旅游业的繁荣。
3. 市场驱动因素3.1 全球化进程的加速随着全球化进程的不断推进,跨国公司和国际组织的数量不断增加。
这些机构需要与不同国家和地区的人员进行交流,并需要解决跨语言沟通的问题。
语言翻译软件能够提供快捷、准确的翻译服务,满足这些机构的需求。
3.2 跨国贸易的增多随着跨国贸易的不断增加,以及电子商务的兴起,语言翻译软件在商务交流中起到了重要的作用。
它能够帮助企业解决语言障碍,促进国际贸易的顺利进行。
因此,语言翻译软件市场受到了跨国企业和电商平台的广泛关注。
3.3 旅游业的繁荣旅游业的繁荣也为语言翻译软件市场带来了机遇。
越来越多的游客涌向世界各地,需要与当地人进行交流。
语言翻译软件能够提供即时翻译服务,使游客能够更好地融入当地文化,享受更好的旅游体验。
4. 市场挑战和机遇4.1 市场竞争激烈目前,语言翻译软件市场竞争激烈,市场上有众多的竞争对手。
不同公司通过提供不同的产品特点和服务,努力争夺市场份额。
这种激烈的竞争可能对市场前景造成一定的压力。
4.2 技术挑战语言翻译软件市场依赖于人工智能和自然语言处理技术。
然而,目前的技术仍然存在一些限制,如对于复杂的语法结构和文化差异的处理能力较弱。
因此,不断改进和创新技术将是市场中的关键挑战。
4.3 新兴市场的机遇虽然市场竞争激烈,但新兴市场仍然是一个潜力巨大的机遇。
一些发展中国家的人口众多,对多语言翻译的需求也在增加。
网络营销的发展外文翻译标题:The Evolution of Internet Marketing 原文:Paper at a Glance: As multi-channel commerce i.e., the ability to purchase goods and services via, for example, the Web and the call center becomes increasingly ubiquitous, technology now indistinguish able from the processes it enables has become the means to instant gratification. However, the Web as a standalone channel presents as much of a liability as it does an opportunity because best business practices for cohesively exploiting the internet and systematically thriving in cyberspace have laggedNot least of all in the marketing arenaThe “old” Internet laid the foundation for the most critical mistake organizations have made with the Web to date: failing to integrate the Web into their overall channel structureThe “new” Internet presents a new set of opportunities if marketers realize that decisions of online searchers are influenced by a broad number of offline sources and vice versa.The Take-Away: Brand, relationship and internet marketers must break through often artificial boundaries to coalesce around the customer as the design pointOrganizations must plan to be customer-proactive as commerce paradigms shift from push to pull. Cross-channel integration will enable organizations to optimize the way they treat customers andright-size costs.IntroductionFor too many organizations, "cross-channel integration" is simply a buzzword-compliant trend du jour, and little more than lip-service is paid toward implementing it. However, from the customer's perspective, this lack of integration is aggravating an already frustrating problem when interacting with multi-line, multi -channel organizations, leading customers to wonder, "Why don't they know me HERE when I've already told them about me THERE?"The Internet Has Changed the WorldWell, maybe not the world, but the Internet has clearly gained momentum as it has moved from being a commercial experiment to a legitimate, mission-critical, business engine in almost every business sectorAmong other statistics supporting its significance, the U.S. Census Bureau reports that U.S. retail e-commerce sales in the fourth quarter of 2005 continued its steady climb, accounting for 2.4 % of total retail sales up from 1.6% and 1.9% over previous years, adjusted for seasonalityAnd that’s just in the retail sector However, the Web as a standalone channel presents as much of a liability as it does an opportunity because it offers consumers anonymity until the moment of purchaseThis, in turn, limits the ability of the enterprise to motivate re- purchasing based on the buyer’s pain and needs - in turn, contributing to diminishing consumer loyaltyand lower switching costsUnfortunately, best business practices for cohesively exploiting the Internet and systematically thriving in cyberspace have lagged; not least of all in the marketing arena.“Old” Internet MarketingIn the beginning, the Internet was cool. In a nod to modernization, many Global 2000 companies dabbled in the Web with experimental web sites, often nothing more than technology-lite brochure sites. These experiments were purposely separated from day- to-day operations given all the unknowns relative to business impact, claiming dedicated people, business processes, technology, and information The Web was commonly run by the jeans-wearing ponytail set as opposed to the blue suits carrying sales bags. Throw a pizza into the “conference-room-cum-web-lab” now and again and all was right with the world. Web marketing largely consisted of mass, outbound e-mail blasts and getting e-mail right became a huge focus of Internet marketingE-mail technology jockeys found themselves acting as new-age marketers and it became more about crafting the perfect e-mail than about getting the right message to the right customer via the right channelThus the foundation was laid for the most critical mistake organizations have made with the Web to date: failing to integrate the Web into their overall channel structure.Indeed we thought we were making things better by bifurcated marketing disciplines based on channel e.g., online vs. offline andformalizing the discipline of online or Internet marketingWe scoffed at the idea that a relationship or a brand could be enhanced through the Internet, and Internet marketing evolved separately from Relationship Marketing and Brand Marketing. Online marketing sub-specialties evolved e.g., search marketing, business disciplines were replicated e.g., order management, online customer service, revenue tracking and voila! we created parallel e-businesses. Remember the pre-dot. bomb days of Internet spin-off businessesStill, Internet marketers were not blind to the exigencies of cross-channel marketing; it’s just that to them, cross-channel was integrating Google to Yahoo!, rather than web activity to point-of-saleMarketing was all about “pushing” messages to customers, and most marketing efforts were and still are designed with the channel as the primary consideration, and the customer as a secondary design pointAll we were really doing was reinforcing the Internet as a separate and distinct element of businessWe assumed that lack of access to technology and fear of the unknown would prevent customers from truly embracing or even demanding the Internet as a legitimate means of transacting business in combination with other channels.Things improved with the advent of “pull” marketing and all its implications: customers would proactively pull companies see Figure 1 to them on their terms, via their preferred channels, and when they are ready. Banner ads are a classic example of pull marketing: the bannersare ubiquitous and presumably targeted at a user’s current behavior, but a customer can choose to click through or notEven with this evolution to pull marketing, customers remained subservient to the channel due to a dearth of information that could be culled from across channels and integrated into a “panoramic view” of the customerThe panoramic view of the customer is an enterprise’s “corporate memory” of a custom er across time, channels, and business linesAlso called the “360° view,” its purpose is to optimize customer interactions for imum segment profitability. To create the panoramic view, organizations must have a consistent approach to collecting accurate customer information, reaching beyond traditional transactional and demographic information to include information about all interactions whether or not a sale resultedIndeed, marketing has remained largely static and reactive because channel/ customer/offer combinations usually differ by point-in-time, channel-specific, predefined rules However a customer’s behavior can and will deviate from these rules and the lack of a panoramic view of the customer will gate an organization’s ability to effectively respondThis is a two-way street: the enterprise doesn’t have a panoramic view of the customer, but the customer doesn’t have a single view of the enterprise either. This matters because to the customer, there is frustration associated with not being known across channels, leading to dissatisfaction and diminished loyalty.“New” Internet MarketingWe now know the Web experiment has succeeded, and the Internet as a commercial tool is here to stay. Consumers are purchasing goods and services more than ever via the Internet, and marketing spend on media such as online classifieds, search marketing, and display advertising is fast followingIndeed spending on Internet marketing is projected to increase, depending on who you believe, between 7% Winterberry Group and 20%+ e Marketer over the next 4 yearsBut just when we think we’ve got it figured out, consumers tell us otherwiseCustomers understand that businesses operate through multiple channels, and they will leverage whichever channel is most appropriate to task. Studies show that Internet marketing is driving offline efforts; and there is a significant missed opportunity if all channels are not integratedSee Figure 2. As such, organizations must begin to regard the Web some call it the e-channel as just another channel in its channel mix, as opposed to treating it as a separate business unit, operating company, or division. The integrated channel system itself must be economically optimized, versus optimizing the use of a single channel e.g., the Web within a channel system.We also know that while the Web is a huge marketplace, 90%+ of the online purchasing and consideration process is occurring beyond the corporate websiteStudies show that while customers may seek information from a corporate web site, the sale through this same channel rarelyfollowsSo it would seem on the surface that the Web is an ineffective revenue-generating channelBut we know it is a very effective channel when taken as one element of the channel systemSo looking at the Web from a differe nt perspective, a consumer’s abandoned shopping cart may indicate the existence of a commerce life cycle See Figure 2 and not merely an aborted transactionIf viewed in this way, an organization has the opportunity to influence purchase even if the Web isn’t the right channel for that consumer at that moment in timeIn this model, the efficacy of the Web increases exponentially as it is causally linked to transactions in other channelsIndeed millions of these telling web interactions go unnoticed every week and harvesting this kind of information will lead to a more focused, productive marketing effort where coordinating online and offline marketing involvement drives mindshare and ultimately transactions across channels.What’s Web 2.0 Got To Do With It?Web 2.0 is a buzzword referring to whatever is newly popular on the Web e.g., blogs, podcasts; its meaning is still in flux. To be fair, Web 2.0 denotes an improved form of the Web, generally referring to a second generation of services that enable people to collaborate and share information online. It is important for marketers to understand the potential of this next-generation Web, as it provides the foundation for true and seamless cross-channel process and information integrationWeb2.0 enables marketers to predict and respond consistently to customer needs in every channel and across every stage of the commerce life cycle.Why Should a Marketer Care?It’s clear that the often artificial boundaries among Relationship, Brand, and Internet Marketers are blurring in the world of Web 2.0. See definition checkBusiness usage of the Web typically trails consumer adoption, which lags significantly behind Internet technology advancesAnd social adoption of new Web capabilities is skyrocketing as increasing numbers of Internet users become indoctrinated. According to IDC, the number of unique global Internet users will grow from approximately 820 million in2004 to over 1.3 billion in 2009So it’s time for businesses to move beyond the Web as “brochureware” i.e., Web 1.0 and static 6>HTML pages and exploit the interaction and social networking features of Web 2.0.Creating Pervasive RelationshipsThe underlying features of Web 2.0 support the creation of pervasive, cross-channel customer relationshipsA pervasive relationship is an “always on” conversation “dialog” which transcends individual transactions and interactions across all channels. The dialog is informed by the panoramic customer view and a customer’s strategic value, and is considered by the customer to be useful, unobtrusive, personal, and respectfulTo get this right, marketing must become the “air trafficcontroller” of pervasive customer processes and interactions across every channelIn this way, all marketing disciplines work together to act on the panoramic customer view, providing the right information to the right channel at the right time.Defining the DialogAs discussed above, consider the dialog to be an “always-on campaign.” Sometimes called event-based marketing, the conversation is predefined by marketing based on anticipated life cycle eventsHowever messaging and triggers must be built around the consumer’s behavior and profile, and not around arbitrary time-triggered eventsSee Figures 4, 5. As such, transforming one-off interactions into meaningful dialogs requires the context of the conversation be maintained and transferred from one channel to the next; and that requires cross-channel integration.The Cross-Channel Marketing PlaybookBusinesses whose customer relationships consistently thrive must be prepared for marketing to act as an air traffic controller of sorts, providing consistent visibility of customers in every channel and across every stage of the commerce life cycle. Cross- channel integration enables organizations to optimize the way they treat customers and right-size costs. The following general imperatives must be executed to succeed with successful multi-channel systems and cross-channel integration: Understand the commerce life cycle and associated events ―Becausemarketing is ultimately about supporting revenue through proactive management of the ETFS commerce life cycle, organizations must create and apply the right business processes to the right channels in a way that builds exit barriers and switching costs into the relationshipIn addition, the multiple channels through which an organization goes to market must be integrated with one another in support of a single ETFS process to present a consistent image to the customer as well as an integrated customer experience.Create a business strategy and value proposition for cross-channel interaction―The objective for multiple-channel programs is to make the sales, marketing, and service mix work together as a single, highly efficient execution system that delivers seamless service, rapid growth, and appropriate cost of sale/cost to serve. Facilitating multiple sales and service channels to work more closely requires new norms around channel compensation and tighter territory “rules of engagement.” Furthermore, the exponential growth in customer interaction points means that an understanding of customer interactions is as critical to a cross-channel strategy as are transactions for the following two reasons: 1 there is important behavioral information impounded in a customer interaction even if or perhaps especially if it does not result in a transaction; and 2 organizations that do not tightly enforce consistency across every channel risk compromising their brand equity. Organizationsmust also assess channel efficiency economics as part of a cross-channel strategy.Transform channel-specific business processes ― Cross-channel strategies are often inhibited by channel-specific business processes e.g., marketing supports “push” strategies not “pull”. Perhaps the most important task is for organizations to bring the Web channel into the channel-management fold. The business model should also rightsize channels to ensure the selling system has the capacity to handle a growing number of transactions and customer interactions.Embed Analytics Into the Business Processe s ― Predictive and declarative analytics distinct from pure transactional reporting must be embedded into the DNA of business process and then deployed through the operational environmentTechnology solutions must enable this tight coupling of operational and analytical processes so that knowledge and experience can be deployed into the business, independent of people and systems.出处:Liz Roche.The Evolution of Internet Marketing [D].Customers incorporated designing business around customers White Paper.标题:网络营销的发展译文:摘要:多渠道营销例如,通过网络和呼叫中心的能力来购买商品和服务越来越普遍,网络技术成了有满足感的工具。
论文翻译行业现状与发展分析一、背景简介随着全球化的发展,翻译行业成为了不可或缺的一部分。
在国际交往、贸易、文化交流等各个领域中,翻译工作扮演着重要的角色。
尤其是在学术研究中,翻译不仅是为了让人们更好地认识国外学术成果,还是在不同语言之间建立沟通桥梁的必要手段。
因此,翻译行业逐渐成为一个巨大的市场,并吸引了越来越多的人才加入其中。
二、行业现状分析目前,翻译行业呈现出以下几个主要现状:1.市场竞争激烈随着中国加入WTO,翻译市场的开放程度不断提高。
除了国内的翻译机构和自由翻译者之外,国外的翻译公司也进入了中国市场。
这种市场竞争对于行业的发展是有双重意义的。
一方面,它为消费者提供了更多的选择,促进了行业的发展。
另一方面,市场竞争也使得行业内存在价格战和恶性竞争等问题。
2.技术水平提高随着国内外的计算机技术和语言学研究的不断发展,翻译行业也得到了很大的推动。
例如,在翻译软件方面,计算机辅助翻译(CAT)软件的应用已经非常普及,它可以提高翻译效率,减少翻译成本。
此外,自然语言处理技术的不断进步也为翻译提高了准确性和效率。
3.职业化程度提高翻译行业经历了从“配音员”、“口译员”到“翻译员”的转变,职业化程度得到了很大的提高。
如今,国内外的翻译机构普遍要求翻译人员具有相关专业背景,能够达到一定的文化素养和语言水平。
虽然自由翻译者没有这些要求,但也需要具备丰富的知识和专业能力。
三、行业发展趋势分析未来的翻译市场将会呈现一些明显的趋势:1.全球化市场的扩张全球化市场的扩张是未来翻译行业的一个重要趋势。
中国已经成为了全球第二大经济体,越来越多的国际公司把目光投向了中国市场。
与此同时,中国企业也开始走向国际化。
这样的背景下,翻译行业将会受到更多的关注和需求。
2.智能化应用的普及在未来,随着智能化技术的不断发展和应用,翻译行业也将会迎来智能化应用的大爆发。
例如,人工智能翻译、语音识别等技术的应用将会在翻译行业中发挥越来越重要的作用。
翻译行业现状与发展前景探析
随着经济的全球化和跨国公司的不断涌现,翻译行业的需求越来越大,成为一个备受关注的行业。
在现代经济发展背景下,翻译行业的发展前景已经展现出了良好的趋势。
翻译行业的现状是亟待解决的问题。
在信息技术快速发展的情况下,许多初步信息的翻译可以使用自动翻译软件完成,并且很快就能达到比人工翻译更高的准确度。
然而,涉及到文字和语言的细腻、繁琐的创造性、翻译信仰、语言习惯等问题,自动翻译的质量仍然与人工翻译存在不可忽视的差距。
因此,翻译行业需要继续发展,以满足越来越多的高质量翻译需求。
一个充满潜力的市场的典型例子是语言服务市场,它正处于一个发展旺盛的阶段。
就像多语言国家,翻译工作一定有其市场空间。
随着教育的全球化和旅游的普及,越来越多的人意识到学习外语的重要性。
从而推动了翻译行业的扩张。
未来,翻译行业的发展前景仍然广阔。
随着国际贸易和跨境投资的不断增加,翻译行业将继续成为一个受重视的领域。
同时,技术的不断进步使得翻译工作更加高效、精确和便捷。
通过不断学习,提高翻译人员的素质和专业水平,将有助于提高翻译行业的发展和竞争力。
从而,翻译行业将迎来更加美好、光明的未来。
外文翻译--网上招聘系统Online Recruitment SystemsRecruitment is the process of XXX interviews to fill or take on new job ns。
This process is carried out after the XXX necessary skills。
ns。
and experience。
if required。
Therefore。
the potential XXX.Online recruitment systems have nized the recruitment process。
making it XXX employers to post job openings。
receive ns。
and manage the recruitment process。
Job seekers can also easily search for job XXX.One of the benefits of online recruitment XXX boards and social media platforms。
which increases the visibility of the job opportunity。
Job seekers can also access job opportunities from different ns。
making it easier for them to find XXX.XXX。
Employers can easily manage ns and track the progress of each XXX。
XXX.Overall。
online recruitment systems have transformed the recruitment process。
翻译行业发展趋势翻译行业是全球性的行业,随着全球经济一体化的不断深入和国际交流的增加,翻译行业的需求也在不断增加。
以下是翻译行业发展的趋势:1. 机器翻译的发展:随着人工智能技术的不断发展,机器翻译的质量也在不断提高。
机器翻译可以大大提高翻译效率,减少翻译成本。
但是机器翻译尚不能完全取代人工翻译,特别是在涉及专业领域的翻译上。
因此,人工翻译和机器翻译的结合将成为未来的发展趋势。
2. 专业翻译的需求增加:随着全球化的深入,各行各业对跨语言沟通的需求也在不断增加。
企业需要将产品说明书、市场营销材料、合同等文档翻译成不同语言,以便在全球范围内开展业务。
此外,跨国公司的发展也需要翻译人员协助处理各种语言和文化差异。
因此,专业翻译人员的需求将持续增加。
3. 语言技能的多样化和多元化:随着全球化和移民潮的增加,翻译行业对多语种和多元文化的要求也在增加。
不仅需要精通英语、汉语等主要语言的翻译人员,还需要掌握其他少数语言的人才,如阿拉伯语、俄语、西班牙语等。
此外,还需要熟悉不同地区的文化和习俗,以便做到语言和文化的准确转化。
4. 互联网技术的应用:互联网技术的快速发展为翻译行业带来了新的机遇和挑战。
互联网能够提供全球范围内的信息获取和沟通渠道,使得翻译人员可以更加方便地获取资源和与客户进行合作。
同时,互联网也给翻译行业带来了价格竞争的压力,因为有许多自由翻译工作者和低成本的机器翻译工具出现。
5. 行业自律和认证体系建设:为了保障翻译质量和维护行业形象,翻译行业逐渐建立了一套自律和认证体系。
一些翻译协会设立了翻译资格考试和专业认证,确保翻译人员具备相应的专业知识和技能。
此外,一些国家还出台了翻译相关的法律法规,规范翻译市场的秩序。
总之,随着全球化和信息技术的发展,翻译行业的需求将不断增加。
翻译人员需要不断提升自身的语言能力、专业知识和技术能力,以适应行业的发展趋势。
同时,翻译行业也需要加强自律,提高翻译质量,为全球交流和合作提供更好的服务。
论招聘网站的发展方向本文描述了目前招聘网站的问题及现状,并通过分析现有几个比较成功的典型案例,提出了一种新的招聘网站运营模式。
标签:招聘信息云端平台1 招聘网站现状分析1.1 招聘网站的现状招聘网站诞生于上世纪90年代末,是随着电脑的普及和网络的兴起而出现的。
据统计,目前中国使用招聘网站的企业已超过250万家,约占整个招聘市场的80%,并且近年来都保持着10%以上的增长率。
从求职者来方面,在2011年已经超过了7800万人。
可以看出,网络招聘已经成为人力资源的主要入口,并且这种趋势会继续加剧,最终完全取代传统的现场招聘会。
1.2 传统招聘网站的格局据艾瑞咨询分析,中国网络招聘市场近年来由于优胜劣汰、资本涌入、推广大战,全国综合性求职网站市场已经基本被51job、智联招聘、中华英才所瓜分;其余全国性质的网站主要以行业招聘(行业英才网)、专属身份招聘网站(如大学生求职网)等为主;地方市场一般在一个区域内呈现一家独大的局面。
目前的全国市场,前程无忧是唯一实现盈利的网站,第二名的智联,由于大量的广告宣传,目前仍处于亏损的状态;在地方市场,以河北省举例,第一名的河北搜才网有不错的盈利,而第二名的银河人才网就被远远落在后面。
在竞争格局上,目前由于京津冀地区的竞争异常激烈,全国级网站已经向地方化发力;同时国外网络招聘巨头的入驻中国(如美国的monster、爱尔兰的尚龙集团旗下的myjob等),势必造成和本土巨头的竞争、收购,从而加剧产品形态的转变。
1.3 传统招聘网站的问题目前传统招聘网站的形式,依然维持了最初的信息发布平台、广告展示平台的形式。
这种产品形态存在诸多的问题,如同质化严重、盈利模式相同、功能迭代速度慢、用户粘性差、推广效果缺乏持续性等诸多问题。
目前的招聘网站的形式,已经严重滞后于互联网的整体发展,新模式呼之欲出。
2 招聘网站的新模式由于人才招聘网站传统模式存在的种种弊端,以及激烈的市场竞争,大量的传统人才网站都在尝试新的产品形式;再加上新兴的人才网站不断涌现,给这个十几年来未曾革新的领域,带来了全新的活力。
英语翻译行业未来的发展前景解析
现如今家长对于孩子的培养十分注重,总是想要为孩子们寻找一个有发展前景且不会受累的行业。
而国际化发展趋势促进了翻译行业的火爆发展,因此很多人都朝着翻译行业行进着。
那么英语翻译行业未来的发展前景如何呢?
从专业的角度来说,英语翻译永远是一个吃香的领域。
作为世界语言之一,英语必然是促进沟通和交流的关键所在。
而在未来的沟通与交流中,英语的翻译服务也是占据最大比例的。
虽然说现如今小语种翻译也逐渐吃香,但是如果没有足够的毅力和耐力,想要做好小语种是十分困难的。
而对于英语的翻译来说,只要能够做好这个,那么在翻译行业中就可以立足,不断的强化自身。
而从世界发展的角度来说,这个翻译服务是永久性都会存在的。
世界各国之间的交流,都十分注重英语的翻译培训。
现如今在很多国家都专门开设了英语的翻译培训课程,可见这是一个十分强悍的领域。
所以在未来的发展中,其发展领域会更为广阔。
毕竟这是世界语言之一,自然是值得拥有一种语言翻译技能。
英语翻译无论是从任何的角度分析,都是具有一定发展前景的。
而对于这个来说,在未来的发展中,这也是翻译行业的重中之重,无论是就业还是提升更高的翻译水准,都是值得选择的一个领域,前景是十分广阔的。
翻译行业的发展趋势翻译行业是随着全球化进程的推进而发展的,它扮演着促进国际交流与合作的重要角色。
近年来,随着科技的快速发展和全球交流的加强,翻译行业也在逐渐发展和变革。
以下是翻译行业的一些发展趋势:1. 自动化技术的应用:随着机器翻译技术的不断进步,自动化翻译工具开始逐渐应用于翻译行业。
自动化翻译工具可以提高翻译效率和准确性,减少人工劳动力的需求。
然而,自动化翻译工具仍然无法完全代替人工翻译,特别是在语言的灵活性和语境的理解方面。
2. 云翻译平台的兴起:随着互联网的普及和云计算技术的发展,云翻译平台开始崭露头角。
云翻译平台可以将翻译需求和资源进行有效的匹配和分配,提高翻译效率和质量。
同时,云翻译平台还可以为翻译人员提供更多的灵活性和便利性,使他们可以随时随地进行翻译工作。
3. 多语种翻译需求的增加:随着国际交流和合作的增多,多语种翻译需求也在不断增加。
特别是在全球化企业、国际会议、跨境电商等领域,对多语种翻译的需求非常迫切。
这给翻译行业提供了更多的发展机遇和挑战,需要翻译人员具备更多的语言能力和文化素养。
同时,多语种翻译也需要翻译行业采用更加专业的管理和流程,保证翻译质量和效率。
4. 专业领域翻译的需要:随着科技的进步和社会的发展,各行各业对专业领域翻译的需求也在逐渐增加。
例如医学、法律、金融等领域的翻译需求,需要翻译人员具备相关领域的专业知识和词汇量。
这对翻译行业提出了更高的要求,需要翻译人员不断提升自己的专业能力和知识水平。
总的来说,翻译行业在全球化的背景下正在迅速发展和变革。
自动化技术的应用、云翻译平台的兴起、多语种翻译需求的增加以及专业领域翻译的需要都是当前翻译行业的主要发展趋势。
随着科技的不断进步和社会的不断发展,翻译行业还将继续面临新的挑战和机遇。
互联网+翻译互联网翻译行业现状与发展趋势在当今全球化的时代,信息的快速交流和跨语言的沟通变得日益频繁和重要。
互联网的出现和发展,为翻译行业带来了前所未有的变革和机遇。
互联网翻译,作为一种新兴的翻译模式,正逐渐改变着人们获取翻译服务的方式和习惯。
一、互联网翻译行业的现状1、需求持续增长随着全球经济一体化的推进,国际贸易、文化交流、科技合作等领域的不断拓展,对翻译服务的需求呈现出持续增长的态势。
无论是企业的跨国业务拓展,还是个人的国际旅行、学习和交流,都离不开高质量的翻译支持。
2、技术驱动变革互联网技术的发展,如云计算、大数据、人工智能等,为翻译行业注入了强大的动力。
翻译软件和在线翻译平台的出现,使得翻译过程更加高效便捷。
机器翻译技术在不断进步,虽然目前还无法完全替代人工翻译,但在一些简单和重复性较高的文本翻译中已经发挥了重要作用。
3、众包翻译模式兴起互联网的开放性和共享性,催生了众包翻译模式。
通过网络平台,将翻译任务分配给众多的志愿者或兼职译者,能够快速完成大规模的翻译项目。
这种模式不仅降低了成本,还充分利用了全球的翻译资源。
4、行业竞争激烈由于市场需求的增长和技术门槛的降低,越来越多的企业和个人涌入翻译行业,导致市场竞争日益激烈。
传统的翻译公司面临着来自在线翻译平台、自由译者等多方面的竞争压力。
5、质量参差不齐虽然互联网为翻译提供了更多的可能性,但也带来了翻译质量参差不齐的问题。
一些非专业的翻译人员和机器翻译的不准确,可能会影响翻译的质量和效果,给用户带来困扰。
二、互联网翻译行业的发展趋势1、人工智能与人工翻译的融合随着人工智能技术的不断发展,未来机器翻译将与人工翻译更加紧密地融合。
机器翻译可以快速处理大量的文本,为人工翻译提供初步的参考和辅助,人工翻译则可以对机器翻译的结果进行校对和优化,从而提高翻译的效率和质量。
2、多模态翻译的发展除了文本翻译,图像、音频、视频等多模态翻译的需求也在逐渐增加。
翻译行业的发展环境翻译行业是一个与全球化密切相关的行业,随着全球交流和合作的不断增加,翻译行业也迎来了快速的发展。
现如今,翻译行业的发展环境不断改变,下面就来介绍一下翻译行业的发展环境。
首先,全球化是推动翻译行业发展的主要动力。
随着经济全球化的深入发展,国际间的交流与合作越来越频繁。
国际贸易、多国语言的培训、文化交流等,都需要大量的翻译服务。
因此,全球化为翻译行业提供了广阔的市场和发展空间。
其次,互联网的普及极大地促进了翻译行业的发展。
互联网的出现使得信息传播的速度大大加快,全球范围内的信息都可以通过网络进行传递和获取。
翻译行业可以通过互联网获取海量的翻译资源,也可以通过互联网将翻译后的作品传播给用户。
互联网的普及为翻译行业的发展提供了便捷的平台和更广阔的市场。
再次,人们对语言学习的重视也推动了翻译行业的发展。
随着人们对多语言能力的需求增加,更多人开始学习外语。
这促使翻译行业的市场需求在不断扩大。
此外,跨文化交流的增多也使得跨语言翻译成为必要的工具。
因此,人们对语言学习的重视为翻译行业的发展提供了有力的支持。
最后,技术的进步也在推动翻译行业的发展。
机器翻译技术、语音识别技术等的发展,使得翻译工作更加智能化和高效化。
这些技术的应用大大提高了翻译的速度和质量,减少了人力成本。
因此,技术的进步为翻译行业的发展带来了重要的突破。
综上所述,翻译行业的发展环境在不断变化之中。
全球化、互联网的普及、对语言学习的重视以及技术的进步等都是推动翻译行业发展的关键因素。
在这个发展环境下,翻译行业将继续发展壮大,并且将继续扮演着促进全球交流与合作的重要角色。
探析招聘求职网站的发展对人们的组织文化的看法产生的影响1摘要:公司企业在利用传统招聘媒体时,通常是单靠他们的职位空缺,有限的向求职者提供信息,。
招聘网站的成立与发展,在另一方面,允许有意申请两个或是多个职位的求职者提供有关公司企业的信息。
然而,很少有人研究人们关于招聘网站存在的印象。
本课题研究了招聘网站的各个方面,可能会导致求职者对组织文化的看法。
结果表明,网站设计功能和组织的价值观,政策,奖励和目标的信息,组织文化影响观众的看法。
关键词:网络招聘,在线招聘;网络招聘,招募品德的网站,组织文化。
1引言越来越多的公司地将互联网作为招聘员工的可行及有吸引力的工具。
最近的一项调查研究表明证明了一点,互联网招募是许多不同行业的人力资源专业人士的首选媒介。
同样,其他调查结果表明,来自公营和私营的公司招聘,人事部门使用互联网比任何其他的人力资源管理活动更为频繁。
这与公司越来越多地依赖互联网上的招聘成果有着明显的影响,因为相比与传统招聘媒体在其官方招聘网站提供更为具体详明的信息,它使得这些行为更为可行。
也是出于这个原因,招聘网站通常包括的信息有如下部分,例如员工推荐,利益的信息,公司的价值观和报表等。
潜在申请人提供有关公司的形象的方法之一是通过对组织文化看法的宣传。
组织文化的看法直接影响个人与组织的契合度,随后影响潜在求职者的自主选择公司职位。
然而很少有研究存在于,怎样的申请形式在招聘网站上展现关于组织文化的看法。
这种探索性研究在于试图确认招聘网站如何影响人们关于组织文化的看法。
2在线招聘:组织战略和优势1 Phillip W. Braddy、Adam W. Meade、Christina M. Kroustalis,Journal of Business and Psychology, V ol. 20, No. 4, Summer 2006通过互联网招募的组织主要有两种渠道吸引求职者。
首先,企业可以依靠第三方招聘网站发布招聘广告(例如,,)。
招聘启事网站(也称为“工作板”)向潜在的求职者提供一个信息交流中心,寻找适合他们的资历和满足他们的需求的职位。
因此,工作板的能力是向有意在不同的公司中申请不同的职位的第三方平台。
虽然使用的第三方网站,可以大大提高招聘广告阅读浏览量和浏览人数,以及不同地理位置时间区域的不同群体在线寻找就业,但是信息的提供量一般是有限的。
这样的事实要归功于,大多数第三方工作平台会基于招聘广告的内容列出相关的金额收费。
虽然有时求职者会直接进入各自的雇用公司的网站提出职位的申请,在许多情况下,求职者必须通过第三方平台与招聘单位间接接触。
第二种选择是公司组织建立和维护自己的招聘官方网站,发布目前有关该公司的招聘广告和其他的公司信息。
这后一种是与最有可能也是有效的第三方平台一起使用时的选择。
最近的一项调查表明,超过90%的美国大型公司企业组织保持着自己的官方招聘网站。
这些专门招聘的网站,有几个优点。
首先,公司企业组织的官方网页上发布的信息内容成本是比工作板上便宜。
信息内容可以是各不相同,官方网页可以发布有关员工福利,公司的价值观,公司的简短历史,和其他内容的信息,试图创造一个积极的印象,保持一个良好的招聘形象。
一个官方组织的招聘网站上的信息的总金额比招聘第三方平台节省。
同时一个主要好处是,职位申请人可以获取更多信息,关于组织文化或是其他关于求职单位的方方面面,有助于更好地了解以及做出有关就业的决定。
此外,这种类型的网络招聘可以降低成本,尽量减少所需的时间,成功招募潜在人才,同时表现了创建招聘网站使用网络招聘的公司是精通技术的。
最后,网上的招聘求职者,让他们直接在网上递交申请材料相应的使成本降低。
总之,我们相信,公司将继续利用互联网作为在未来的主要招聘媒介。
我们也相信,该公司将继续维持除了使用第三方平台,并对其官方网站的依赖。
3信息理论和申请人的文化感知的形成从经济学的研究上,信息理论是的买方和卖方拥有和信息的作用已经被采纳,解释潜在申请人和招募组织之间的相互作用。
从本质上讲,这种理论认为,在有关组织的其他信息的情况下,一个潜在的申请人,将吸引周边线索的进行推论。
在招聘中,已发现信息理论的相当大的支持,如申请人已被证明有对招聘人员的看法,依靠的是对租用场地的机构获得的印象。
例如,如果一个组织的招聘主管友好的态度,求职者人可以假设,这些都是素质以及整个公司的形象。
这是经常性发生的,因为求职者认为招聘人员代表各自的公司。
这可能是因为申请人认为招聘人员作为代表其各自的组织。
虽然这样的招聘经验在许多情况下可以有信息的价值,当求职者拥有雇用组织的相关认知,这些经验的作用更为重要。
我们相信,信息理论可以扩展到互联网,用于解释潜在申请人对组织文化的看法,再浏览招聘网站。
例如,如果一个组织的网站,以及结构和有组织的,申请人可以推断,组织价值观。
在没有更多有意义的信息,信息理论认为网络招聘网站应提供线索。
4讨论互联网提供了一个平台来传输大量的有关组织或是求职者的信息的,但已知目前很少有申请人利用这一信息平台。
目前的研究状况是,试图确定的招聘网站,可能会涉及到求职者的组织文化观念方面,以解决这方面的不足。
这些发现表明,网站的设计特点,组织政策,文化层面的具体引用的信息和其他一些项目都有一定的影响,但在目前的研究使用中,有关网站的内容,在确定什么文化观念与财富榜500强企业的官方网站相关参与发挥了有益的作用。
虽然参与者的反应各不相同,综合总结后有三个共同的主题出现。
首先,文化维度的具体提及是公司的网站上是典型的置顶部分,与会者表示与某个组织相关联的某一方面的文化是非常受关注的。
这一趋势是真实的存在与所有文化层面。
其次,使用网站的设计特点是要求高度创新,注重细节,明确团队的发展方向,和多样性的认识。
最后,有关组织的政策,明确说明在于传播公司特点以及多样性。
5未来发展趋势本研究开始提出网站功能和内容,可能与形成求职者的组织文化印象,可以得出:更多的研究在这方面做出任何明确的结论之前是必要的。
具体来说,我们希望未来的研究将确定招聘网站的存在与发展具有潜在的对人们关于组织文化的看法的影响。
这些研究将允许不同的网站功能和内容因果结论的效力,产生建立各种文化观念。
此外,研究需要解决相关的其他问题,例如相对影响组织文化对求职者的工作追求意图相比更为传统的因素,像是工资和福利。
最后,未来的研究调查方向通过不同的途径研究,对于一个充满希望又为招聘网站吸引的高素质的求职者,相对于传统的招聘信息来源的有效性。
很明显,在未来互联网将是潜在求职者的一个重要的信息来源。
然而,许多问题仍然存在于这一在招聘媒介中。
ORGANIZATIONAL RECRUITMENTWEBSITE EFFECTS ON VIEWERS'PERCEPTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONALCULTUREPhillip W. BraddyAdam W. MeadeChristina M. KroustalisNorth Carolina State UniversityABSTRACT: When utilizing traditional recruitment media, organizations are typically limited to providing job seekers with information solely on their vacant positions. Organizational recruitment websites, on the other hand, allow organizations to provide prospective applicants with both job descriptions and other information about the organization. However, little research exists regarding the impressions that viewers gain from organizational recruitment websites. The present study identified aspects of recruitment websites that may give rise to job seekers' perceptions of organizational culture. Results indicated that both website design features and information about organizational values, policies, awards, and goals affected viewers' perceptions of organizational culture.KEY WORDS: Internet recruiting; online recruiting; web recruiting; recruit ment websites; organizational culture.INTRODUCTIONMany organizations increasingly view the Internet as a viable and attractive tool for recruiting employees (Cober, Brown, Blumental, Doverspike, & Levy, 2000; Harrington, 2002). This is evidenced by recent survey research that indicates the Internet was the preferred medium of HR professionals when recruiting applicants for many positions in diverse industries (Chapman & Webster, 2003). Likewise, results ofother surveys suggest that companies from both private and public sectors use the Internet more frequently for recruiting applicants than for any other HRM activity (e.g., Elliot & Tevavichulada, 1999). This increased reliance on the Internet has salient implications for organizations because it enables them to provide much more information on their official recruitment websites than is feasible with traditional recruitment media. Organizations provide this information in hopes that potential applicants favorably view the organization as a potential employer. For this reason, organizational recruitment websites commonly include features such as employee testimonials, benefits information, and organizational values statements. One way in which potential applicants draw conclusions about the organization is via perceptions of the culture of the organization. Perceptions of organizational culture directly affect perceptions of person-organization fit, which can subsequently affect how potential applicants self-select organizations (Judge & Cable, 1997). How ever, very little research exists regarding how applicants form culture perceptions from recruitment websites. Thus, this exploratory study at tempts to identify aspects of websites that influence viewer perceptions of organizational culture impressions.Online Recruiting: Organizational Strategies and Benefits Organizations recruiting via the Internet have two primary avenues to attract viewers into the applicant pool. First, organizations can rely upon third-parties that distribute job advertisements on a job listing website (e.g., , ). Job listing websites (a.k.a., "job boards") have the advantage of providing a clearinghouse for potential job applicants to search across organizations for positions appropriate to their qualifications and that meet their needs. Therefore, job boards have the ability to alert potential applicants to openings in many organizations. While the use of third-party websites or job boards can greatly increase the number of viewers reading the job advertisement and potentially reach a more geographically diverse group of applicants searching for jobs online (Crispin & Mehler, 1997), the amount of information that is available to the applicant is generally quite limited. This can likely be attributed to the fact that most third-party job boardscharge fees based on the amount of content listed in the job advertisement. Moreover, although applicants are sometimes provided with direct access to the respective hiring companies' websites (Zusman & Landis, 2002), in many cases applicants must apply to the hiring organization indirectly through the third-party organization (Recruiting, 1999). A second option is for an organization to create and maintain its own official website to present job advertisements and additional information about the company (Zusman & Landis, 2002). This latter option is most likely to be effective when used in conjunction with job boards. One recent survey indicates that over 90% of large U.S. organizations maintain their own official recruiting websites (Cappelli, 2001). These websites, dedicated solely to recruitment, have several advantages. First, content can be posted much more cheaply on the organization's official web page than on a job board. Though content varies consider ably, organizations can post information about employee benefits, organizational values, a brief history of the organization, and additional content to attempt to create a positive impression needed to maintain a favorable recruitment image (Gatewood, Gowan, & Lautenschlager, 1993). The overall amount of information on an official organizational recruitment website is much greater than from a job advertisement alone (Braddy, Thompson, Wuensch, & Grossnickle, 2003). A major benefit of this additional content is that applicants can acquire more information regarding organizational culture, which may facilitate making better informed employment-related decisions. Additionally, this type of web recruiting can reduce costs (Cober et al., 2000; Kay, 2000; Marcus, 2001), minimize the amount of time required to successfully recruit applicants (Web Recruiting Advantages, 2001), and create the perception that companies who use online recruiting are technologically savvy (Fister, 1999). Finally, online recruiting reduces application costs for job seekers by allowing them to directly submit application materials online (Cappelli, 2001; Zusman & Landis, 2002). In short, we believe that companies will continue to utilize the Internet as a primary recruitment medium in the future. We also believe that organizations will continue to maintain and rely upon their official websites in addition to using third party job boards.Signaling Theory and the Formation of Applicant Culture Perceptions Signaling theory was developed from economics research on the role of information possessed by buyer and seller (Spence, 1974) and has been adopted to explain the interaction between potential applicants and recruiting organizations (Rynes, Bretz, & Gerhart, 1991; Rynes & Miller, 1983; Spence, 1973). In essence, this theory suggests that in the absence of other information about an organization, a potential applicant will draw inferences about the organization based on peripheral cues. In the recruitment context, considerable support for signaling theory has been found as applicants have been shown to rely on perceptions of recruiters to derive their impressions of hiring organizations (Goltz & Giannantonio, 1995; Rynes et al., 1991; Rynes & Miller, 1983; Turban, 2001; Turban, Forret, & Hendrickson, 1998). For example, if an organization's recruiter was perceived as both competent and friendly, applicants may assume that these are defining qualities of the entire organization as well. This likely occurs because applicants view recruiters as being representative of their respective organizations (Rynes & Miller, 1983). Though such recruiting experiences can have signaling value under many circumstances, the role of such experiences is much more significant when applicants possess little knowledge about the hiring organization (Rynes et al., 1991). We believe signaling theory can be extended to the Internet domain to explain how potential applicants form organizational culture perceptions after viewing recruitment websites. For instance, if an organization's website is well structured and organized, applicants may infer that the organization values and possesses such characteristics. In the absence of more meaningful information (e.g., direct knowledge from an incumbent, a site visit, etc.), signaling theory suggests that an Internet recruiting website should provide cues to the viewer about the nature of the organization.DISCUSSIONThe Internet provides organizations with a tool to transmit large amounts of information about the organization to job seekers, yet very little is currently known about the manner in which applicants utilize this information. The current studysought to address this deficiency by identifying aspects of recruitment websites that may be related to job seekers' organizational culture perceptions. These findings indicate that website design features (e.g., employee testimonials illustrating team work), information about organizational policies (e.g., continuing education programs), specific references to culture dimensions (e.g., "the organization values workers who are creative and innovative"), and other miscellaneous but relevant website content (e.g., listing of organizational awards won) played an instrumental role in determining what culture perceptions participants associated with the Fortune 500 companies whose websites were used in the current study. Though the percentage of participant responses assigned to the aforementioned categories varied considerably across the nine culture dimensions, there were three common themes that emerged. First, the specific references made about culture dimensions (i.e., content) on a company's website was typically one of the top most cited reasons that participants indicated for associating a particular aspect of culture with a given organization. This trend was true for all culture dimensions, excluding emphasis on rewards. Second, the use of website design features was indicated as being highly important for conveying perceptions of innovation, attention to detail, team orientation, and diversity. Finally, clearly stating relevant organizational policies seemed instrumental for transmitting companies' emphases on rewards, supportiveness, and diversity.FUTURE RESEARCHThe present study begins to outline website features and content that may be related to the formation of job seekers' organizational culture impressions, but much additional research in this area is needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn. Specifically, we hope that future researchers will manipulate portions of websites identified in this study as having a potential impact on viewers' perceptions in both con trolled laboratory and field environments. Such studies would permit causal conclusions to be drawn regarding the efficacy of different website features and content for creating various culture perceptions. In addition, research is needed toaddress the relative effects of organizational culture impressions on applicants' job-pursuit intentions when compared to more traditional factors, such as pay and benefits. Finally, another promising yet slightly different avenue for future research is to investigate the effectiveness of organizational recruitment websites in attracting top quality applicants relative to traditional recruitment sources (e.g., such as recruiters and newspaper advertisements). It is clear that the Internet will be a significant source of information for potential job applicants in the future. However, many questions remain regarding the precise role of this medium in the recruitment process.。