大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)A类研究生英语-4(总分124, 做题时间90分钟)Part I Listening ComperhensionSection AIn this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.What do we learn about the list? A. The man has it. B. It's been thrown into the waste paper basket. C. It's in a book.A B CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.What is the woman looking at? A. Pictures of the trains from Boston to New York. B. A map of New York. C. A timetable.A B CSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.What happened to the ship they were talking about?AA. It was caught in fog.BB. It turned over in the storm.CC. It wrecked on a rock.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.How many blocks will the woman have to travel?AA. Seven.BB. Six.CC. Eight.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.How many stamps are there in a small packet?AA. Three.BB. Eight.CC. Twenty.Section BIn this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the five questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Conversation OneSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.Why did the man go to live in the country? A. Because he liked working with the children. B. Because he lost his job. C. Because he hated being a clerk.A B CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.Why did the man give up the idea of being a social worker? A. Because he didn't have a diploma. B. Because he wanted to change to another job. C. Because he went to the countryside.A B CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.What is true of the man? A. He moved to another country. B. He didn't buy a small holding. C. He studied for a social diploma for two years.A B CSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.Having decided to move to the countryside, the first problem for the man was ______.AA. finding a place to liveBB. buying a houseCC. finding means to live onSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.From the interview, we learn that the man was ______. A. good at gardening B. quite experienced in dealing with kids C. anxious to start up his nursery in a small cottageA B CConversation TwoSSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.The following statements about the magazine New Scientist is true EXCEPT ______. A. It is difficult for ordinary people toread. B. It usually has articles about current affairs about science. C. It is published every week.A B CSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.The following details are true about the new device EXCEPT ______.AA. it has color.BB. it has a moving image.CC. it costs less money.SSS_SINGLE_SEL13.Why didn't Bill want one of them?AA. He wanted to buy one from Japan.BB. He wasn't sure about its quality.CC. He thought it was expensive.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about thewoman? A. She had never read the magazine herself. B. She knew who usually read the magazine. C. She was quite interested in the new device.A B CSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.The conversation is mainly about ______.AA. a new type of telephone.BB. the cost for telephones.CC. some features of the magazine.Section CIn this section, you will hear five short news items. After each item, which will be read only once, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.Which side first made gestures to return to talks according to the news? A. The Republic of Korea. B. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea. C. India.A B CSSS_SINGLE_SEL17.Where did the earthquake take place?AA. In India.BB. In Indonesia.CC. In Italy.SSS_SINGLE_SEL18.Which country is the second largest oil exporter?AA. Norway.BB. Saudi Arabia.CC. Russia.SSS_SINGLE_SEL19.Has the Earth got steadily colder over the last ten thousand years?AA. No.BB. Yes.CC. Not mentioned.SSS_SINGLE_SEL20.We can infer from the news that the sentence would set a precedentfor an attempt to ______.AA. stop military dictatorshipBB. bring senior officials to trialCC. stop baby abductionSection DIn this section, you will hear one passage once. You are required to make some necessary notes when you listen to it. After you hear the passage, you **plete the summary below using the exact words you hear from the recording, not exceeding three words in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Although the architect's (21) is primarily focused on design, in practice the architect is about a lot of other things. Themore (22) you can get in these other areas, the better prepared you will be for the future ahead. I think it is going to be a future with a lot of change.You need to know the whole business side of (23) . You need to be able to talk about business to clients and pick up on the trends of business.We also need to have scientific (24) . I think that we need to continue to be a (25) of knowledge. Having greater knowledge is going to be very important to you in your roles asprofessionals. (26) is important. So you need to develop your skills in languages. Don't be afraid to give some (27) and some speeches. You will be doing it every day as an architect if you are going to sell your ideas.If you do all of these things, you will certainly bevery (28) individuals. You will be flexible; you will be able to adjust to trends and changes.We want to be leaders. We don't want to be (29) . It is through professional development that we will be leaders. I thinkthat if we do all of these things, we will see architecture return to a position of (30) .SSS_FILL21.SSS_FILL22.SSS_FILL23.SSS_FILL24.SSS_FILL25.SSS_FILL26.SSS_FILL27.SSS_FILL28.SSS_FILL29.SSS_FILL30.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and StructureThere are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.31.Tom's steps had ______ and there was a moment of absolute silence.SSS_SINGLE_SELA died downB died fromC died awayD died out32.The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ______ in the area on the night of the fire.SSS_SINGLE_SELA to beB to have beenC having beenD being33.The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the ______ of his enquiry.SSS_SINGLE_SELA scopeB magnitudeC dimensionD volume34.**muting is a new form of work ______ to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home.SSS_SINGLE_SELA that affording those unable previouslyB affords those who were previously unableC affording those previously unableD afforded those previously unable35.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery, ______ just around **er was untrue.SSS_SINGLE_SELA beingB would beC wasD to be36.The ship will have to ______ from the shore until this storm passes.SSS_SINGLE_SELA hold inB hold upC hold offD hold onto37.Nowadays, ordinary people often think that many services are making arbitrary charges of ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA feesB faresC taxesD duties38.Nadia: Welcome to Shanghai Hotel! Brown: My name is Brown.______. Nadia: Yes, Mr. Brown. You reserved a single room for three nights. Brown: Yes, that's right.SSS_SINGLE_SELA I need a confirmation number.B Mr. Smith just took the last one.C I'd like to ask about my reservations.D I would like to make a reservation.39.James: Can I pay by credit card or euro cheque? Receptionist:______. James: I'll pay by credit card, then. Receptionist: That's fine. I hope you enjoyed your stay here.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Here's your bill, please take it.B Sorry, we don't take euro cheque.C You can pay by euro cheque.D Yes, we take both of them.40.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with flat ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA disapprovalB rejectionC refusalD decline41.If the whole operation ______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.SSS_SINGLE_SELA was not plannedB has not been plannedC had not been plannedD were not planned42.They ______ such a big van ______ the price of gas would skyrocket.SSS_SINGLE_SELA would have bought; if they knewB wouldn't have bought; had they knownC wouldn't have bought; if had they knownD wouldn't have bought; did they know43.The parents who speak ______ may cause their children to become confused.SSS_SINGLE_SELA equivocallyB angrilyC abnormallyD aggressively44.______, he always tries his best to complete it on time.SSS_SINGLE_SELA However the task is hardB However hard the task isC Though hard the task isD Though hard is the taskPart Ⅲ Reading ComperhensionSection AThere is one passage in this section followed by five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 46 to SO are based on the following passage.The list of "should" is very long. You should give more than 100 percent at work. You should never stop learning and developing. You should read and keep up with events. You should spend time with your family and take care of your myriad of daily chores.At work, it's not enough to be qualified for your job. You have to have excellent people skills and problem-solving abilities. Your IQ had better be high, and you should welcome anything andeverything new. Commitment and enthusiasm are the bottom line.At home, it's not enough to have money in the bank. There are children to raise, hobbies to encourage and daily routines to organize. Contacts between home and the day care center or schoolare another priority. You have to keep up your friendships and your family relationships. You have to have empathy for everyone around you. You have to have time.How do we catch a guilty conscience? Finns in business asked family counselor Hannu Kuukka from the Helsinki parishservices. "A bad **es from conflicting pressures, from the feeling that you just can't manage everything that you consider important. Frustration and stress are the result. ""Our internalized roles--the role models that we subconsciously follow--also contribute to the problem. Throughout our lives, we carry with us the part we played in our own family. This can be a source of encouragement and support, or the seeds of a bad conscience. "What can we do for a bad conscience? "Our failures tend to become exaggerated in our minds, especially if someone close to usverbalizes them. You have to set priority. Couples should decide together if one of them is going to concentrate on work and the other on family. The couple is the foundation of the home, so they have to **mon ground," comments Hannu Kuukka.At work, you spend your time with adults, and you can excel in your own field. Are you **fortable at work than at home? This is a common feeling--and another source of guilt. "It is not unusual for relationships at work to be easier and more straightforward than those at home. The everyday life of a family with children can be exhausting. And today, with **petition and more friction at work, even these relationships have become more difficult," says Kuukka.Questions :SSS_SINGLE_SEL45.The purpose of the first paragraph is to ______.A itemize what people have to accomplish in their livesB brief a real but tough situation for couples to cope withC explain why some people long for a break of routineD show how a full-time job goes against a family lifeSSS_SINGLE_SEL46.According to the author, the decisive factor for one to perform well at work is ______.A responsibility and devotionB right qualificationsC originality and open-mindednessD an IQ at least above 130SSS_SINGLE_SEL47.What seems always problematic for one's family life is that ______.A money never seems to be enoughB friendships and family relationships are hard to keep upC one simply can't afford the timeD it's impossible to share feelings with everyone aroundSSS_SINGLE_SEL48.As suggested by Kuukka, the right way to approach the problem is to ______.A exchange role models between the couple in the same boatB look at the same problem from a different perspectiveC turn a deaf ear to whatever other people would sayD get the couple's priorities right to ensure a rewarding lifeSSS_SINGLE_SEL49.From the last paragraph, it can be safely inferred that ______.A work relationships are as difficult to keep up as family relationshipsB working parents usually feel **fortable at work than at homeC **petition has affected the otherwise good terms with co-workersD the best moment of the day is when you might have escaped from family choresSection BThere is one passage in this section with five unfinished statements. Read the passage carefully, and **plete each statementin a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The taipan is an aggressive hunter, moving at speed through grasslands with ease. On finding its prey by scent, the reptileflings itself at the victim and inflicts several rapid bites. Like most other venomous snakes, the taipan uses its venom sparingly. As they don't regard man as prey, they have been known to strike andbite without releasing any venom at all, leading to no adverse effects.Although the taipan is the deadliest Australian snake, few snakes can match the sinister reputation of the eastern tiger snake (notechis scutatis). However, recent observations indicate that their ferocity and aggressiveness are not as bad as once thought and that actually they are fairly timid. There are different types of tiger snakes found in Australia but they are all highly poisonous and should be avoided. Until recently tiger snakes held the record for the most snakebite fatalities (now overtaken by the eastern brown snake).The body of the tiger snake has cross bands of yellow or cream on a background of grey, green or brown and this is what gives them their name. They have a heavy, build and can grow up to 1.8 metres. In the wild they are mainly a swamp dwelling species and are often found around waterways. Their habitat is now threatened by the clearing of such areas for development. They have been known, though, to climb into surrounding vegetation to a height of about 1 metre. They mainly feed on frogs and mice as adults, but will take the odd bird or lizard.Another highly dangerous Australian snake is the copperhead(austrelaps superbus). Although it is non-aggressive, if provoked it raises its forebody from the ground and flattens its neck, angry and hissing, ready to strike. Like all other Australian poisonous snakes it is an elapid, which means it has neurotoxic venom. This venom mainly attacks the nerves of the body, but it also contains blood destroying properties. The poison from elapids is generally very dangerous to humans and the copperhead is no exception having very potent venom.Pythons are also found in Australia, the carpet python (morlelia spilota) being the **mon. There are several different types of carpet python in Australia. They are widespread and can be found in avariety of habitat from wet tropics to dry, nearly, arid desert. They can be found in variable colours but usually have lighter blotches on a darker background. Carpet pythons are also bigger than most Australian snakes and can grow up to a length of almost 4 metres.The carpet python is largely nocturnal and preys mainly on mammals, birds and reptiles. Non-venomous, pythons bite into their prey and, when the prey struggles, it only sinks further onto the fangs. Next, the python coils around the animal to squeeze its breath out or, in some cases, to constrict its muscles and cause the main blood vessels to burst.One of the easiest snakes to identify in Australia is the bandy bandy ( vermicelli annulata). This is a distinctly marked elapid snake with black and white bands around it. It is found in 80% of mainland Australia. The bandy bandy averages about 60cm in length but can grow up to 80cm. It is found in all types of habitat from rainforest to swamps to deserts. It is usually found during the day under cover or on a mild night moving around the ground. The bandy bandy is a crepuscular or after-dark hunter though it seldom feeds due to its low metabolic rate. Unlike many of its cousins in Australia, it only feeds on blind snakes.Being an elapid, the bandy bandy is definitely a poisonous snake and looks alarmingly dangerous as it resembles the Malay krait and, when threatened, will flatten its body and raise its body in an aggressive manner. However, the markings and behaviour are a bluff and its venom is only mild and virtually harmless to humans.SSS_FILL50.A bite from a taipan ______ to humans.SSS_FILL51.Tiger snakes got their name from their ______.SSS_FILL52.Elapid snakes are always ______.SSS_FILL53.Copperhead snake poison is ______ to humans.SSS_FILL54.The bandy bandy is definitely a poisonous snake and looks alarmingly dangerous but virtually it's ______ to humans.Section CThis section consists of one passage followed by five questions. Read the passage carefully, and then answer each of the questions in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Biological Pest ControlBiological control is, generally, human's use of a specially chosen living organism to control a particular pest. This chosen organism might be a predator, parasite, or disease which will attack the harmful insect. It is a form of manipulating nature to increase a desired effect. A complete Biological Control program may range from choosing a pesticide which will be least harmful to beneficial insects, to raising and releasing one insect to have it attack another, almost like a "living insecticide".Biological control methods can be used as part of an overall Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program to reduce the legal, environmental, and public safety hazards of chemicals. In addition, it may be a more economical alternative to some insecticides. Some biological control measures can actually prevent economic damage to agricultural crops. Unlike most insecticides, biological controls are often very specific for a particular pest. Other helpful insects, animals, or people can go completely unaffected or disturbed by their use. There is less danger of impact on the environment and waterquality.Biological control takes more intensive management and planning. It can take more time, require more record keeping, more patience, and sometimes more education or training. Successful use ofbiological control requires a greater understanding of the biology of both the pest and its enemies. Many natural enemies are very susceptible to pesticides, and using them successfully in an IPM program takes great care. In some cases, biological control may be more costly than pesticides. Often, the results of using biological control are not as dramatic or quick as the results of pesticide use. Most natural enemies attack only specific types of insects--unlike broad-spectrum insecticides, which may kill a wide range of insects. Though often an advantage, this can also be a disadvantage.Biological control uses naturally occurring predators, parasites and diseases to control pests. There are three main ways to use these natural enemies against unwanted insect pest populations. Classical Biological Control (importation) involves traveling to the country or area from which a newly introduced pest originated and returning with some of the natural enemies that attacked it and kept it from being a pest there. New pests are constantly arriving accidentally or intentionally. Sometimes they survive. When **e, their enemies are left behind. If they become a pest, introducing some of their natural enemies can be an important way to reduce the amount of harm they can do. Augmentation is a method of increasing the population of anatural enemy which attacks a pest. This can be done by mass producing a pest in a laboratory and releasing it into the field at the proper time. Another method of augmentation is breeding a better natural enemy which can attack or find its prey more effectively. Mass rearings can be released at special times when the pest is most susceptible and natural enemies are not yet present, or they can be released in such large numbers that few pests go untouched by their enemies. The augmentation method relies upon continual human management and does not provide a permanent solution unlike the importation or conservation approaches may. Conservation of natural enemies is an important part in any biological control effort. This involves identifying any factors that limit the effectiveness of a particular natural enemy and changing them to help the beneficial species. Conservation of natural enemies involves either reducing factors which interfere with the natural enemies or providing needed resources that help natural enemies.In addition to the introduction of predators, several microbial pathogens are effective against nematodes. They consist of a microorganism (e. g. a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) as the active ingredient. They can control many different kinds of pests,although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest(s). For example, there are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific insects. The most widely used microbial pesticides are subspecies and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, or BT. Each strain of this bacterium produces a different mix of proteins, and specifically kills one or a fewrelated species of insect larvae. While some BTs control moth larvae found on plants, other BTs are specific for larvae of flies and mosquitoes. The target insect species are determined by whether the particular BT produces a protein that can bind to a larval gut receptor, thereby causing the insect larvae to starve./Questions :SSS_TEXT_QUSTI55.What is commonly used in Biological Control program in addition to some specially chosen pesticides?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI56.In Augmentation, what is the key to kill pests?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI57.What is used by BT to kill insects?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI58.What is the animal called that another plant or animal, such as a wasp, lives on or in as a parasite in the passage?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI59.What is the only recipe of the weevil?Section DThis section consists of one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully **plete the summary below by choosing no more than three words front the passage for each blank Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Taking a page from science fiction, engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, in California, are developing small robot "buddies" that could tag along with astronauts and act as personal assistants.Developers envision little round robots about the size of grapefruit that are propelled by tiny fans through the weightlessness of a space station or shuttle. Hovering over the astronauts' shoulders and responding to **mands, the devices, equipped with cameras, speaker, microphones and a variety of sensors, could serve as additional sets of eyes, ears and noses for the crew in space and the support staff on the ground, engineers say.As an astronaut works on an experiment with both hands in a glove box, for instance, the mechanical assistant could serve as a communications link with a researcher watching from Earth.The devices also could patrol the corridors of the space station, checking for gas leaks, smoke and unusual bacterial growth, or remind astronauts about the next tasks on their daily to do lists or of the need to send a birthday message to a loved one at home.Yuri Gawdiak, the principal engineer on the project, said the idea of the personal satellite assistant, or PSA, came to him after an experiment between the American space shuttle Atlantis and the Russian Mir space station in 1996. That mission showed that laptop and **puters could use radio signals to exchange information on a wireless network without interfering with other electronic systems aboard the spacecraft.Afterward, astronauts told engineers that they wanted wireless palmtops, or even smaller portable data assistants, that could record and monitor data like the fictional tricorder devices popularized by the television series "Star Trek," Mr. Gawdiak said. "I took it a step further when I noticed that crews on missions left equipment to float around when they got busy," he said. "I thought they would like a device that would always face them when floating, perhaps something stabilized by gyroscopes.He said the idea evolved further when he saw astronauts on a shuttle mission demonstrate toys in weightlessness during an educational program. Small wind-up toys hopped and flew around the cabin with startling speed and ease, he said, spurring ideas ofpractical mobile devices."Then I saw 'Star Wars' and there was a scene in the movie when the characters used a remote robot object--a fast moving ball--to practise with their light sabers, "he said. "And that gave me more ideas. "The device, as now envisioned, is a ball about five inches( 12.5 centimeters) in diameter that is studded with sensors for rangefinders, motion detectors and position trackers to keep it from running into things or getting lost. The battery-powered PSA could move in any direction using six tiny enclosed propeller fans and have a flat-screen video panel on one side to display data."This is small enough to be unobtrusive, and big enough to hold the technology that will be available in the next couple of years to do the job," Mr. Gawdiak said.It would be impossible for each PSA to carry **puting power and instruments for all the things people suggest these helpers could do, which is where the wireless data **es into play.The robots would operate from a base station that would contain **puters for analy-sing sensor data, running speech-recognition and voice-synthesizer software, **munications and tracking the devices.The station also would contain docking ports for recharging the PSA's batteries and a variety of sensors that could be snapped onto the robots, depending on tasks assigned to them.Engineers at **pleted a crucial test of the robots' components this month by mounting them on a hover plate and guiding them around a test table on a cushion of air. And the team has receivedfinancing to develop a prototype."We hope to launch a personal satellite assistant in about two years aboard a space shuttle and in about three years aboard the International Space Station, "Mr. Gawdiak said.The space station, a $ 60 billion project involving 17 countries, will eventually house up to seven astronaut-researchers. Developers would like to use at least three PSAs on the station to demonstrate the technology, allowing the devices to work in formation to zero in on environmental problems.Summary :Grapefruit-sized robots may serve as personal assistants for astronauts. This idea came to Yuri Gawdiak after an experiment between (61) astronauts. Scientists envision that the small robots shall perform tasks that range from patrolling to reminding astronauts to send a birthday message. The robots, or (62) is powered by battery and (63) by tiny fans. Equippedwith (64) , it can move with ease and shall not run into things. Since these robots cannot carry all the necessary instruments,。
