ADaM Terminology

《神经病学》笔记-痴呆
痴呆dementia：
定义：一种以认知功能障碍为核心症状，后天获得、进行性加重的临床综合症。

老年性痴呆≥65岁。

阿尔兹海默病AD：成年后发病，与弥漫性脑萎缩有关的逐渐进展的智能障碍，是原发性神经变性性痴呆中最常见的一种类型。

特点：隐袭起病，进行性智能衰退，多伴有人格改变。

记忆障碍是其核心症状。

病因：脑内β淀粉样蛋白异常沉积。

病理：老年斑、神经原纤维缠结、广泛神经元缺失、颗粒空泡变性、血管淀粉样变。

表现：①早期（记忆障碍）；②中期（计算障碍、精神障碍、人格改变）；③晚期（锥体系和锥体外系体征）。

鉴别诊断：①血管性痴呆（急性起病，波动性进展或阶梯型恶化，多见卒中史，影像见血管病变，病理见脑血管病变，多为缺血性）；②路易体痴呆（三主征→波动性认知功能障碍、反复发生的视幻觉、自发性锥体外系功能障碍。

病理见神经元胞浆内路易小体形成。

）
治疗：胆碱酯酶抑制剂、美金刚（中低度亲和、非竞争性NMDA受体拮抗剂）
☞。

专利名称：使用结合WRN的分子的治疗方法
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：B·A·吉尔克雷斯特,M·S·埃勒,A·N·克勒,O·M·麦菲尔森,C·S·诺伊曼,T·A·路易斯
申请号：CN200780040055.3
申请日：20070829
公开号：CN101528754A
公开日：
20090909
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明特别提供了通过向有需要的哺乳动物给药有效量的组合物来治疗哺乳动物的多种疾病和病症的组合物和方法，其中所述的组合物包含可与WRN结合的非DNA小分子，例如螺羟吲哚(SPOX)类别中的成员。

申请人：波士顿大学信托人,哈佛大学校长及研究员协会
地址：美国马萨诸塞州
国籍：US
代理机构：中国专利代理(香港)有限公司
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《孟德尔随机化研究指南》中英文版全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Randomized research is a vital component of scientific studies, allowing researchers to investigate causal relationships between variables and make accurate inferences about the effects of interventions. One of the most renowned guides for conducting randomized research is the "Mendel Randomization Research Guide," which provides detailed instructions and best practices for designing and implementing randomized controlled trials.The Mendel Randomization Research Guide offers comprehensive guidance on all aspects of randomized research, from study design and sample selection to data analysis and interpretation of results. It emphasizes the importance of randomization in reducing bias and confounding effects, thus ensuring the validity and reliability of study findings. With clear and practical recommendations, researchers can feel confident in the quality and rigor of their randomized research studies.The guide highlights the key principles of randomization, such as the use of random assignment to treatment groups, blinding of participants and researchers, and intent-to-treat analysis. It also discusses strategies for achieving balance in sample characteristics and minimizing the risk of selection bias. By following these principles and guidelines, researchers can maximize the internal validity of their studies and draw accurate conclusions about the causal effects of interventions.In addition to the technical aspects of randomized research, the Mendel Randomization Research Guide also addresses ethical considerations and practical challenges that researchers may face. It emphasizes the importance of obtaining informed consent from participants, protecting their privacy and confidentiality, and ensuring the safety and well-being of study subjects. The guide also discusses strategies for overcoming common obstacles in randomized research, such as recruitment and retention issues, data collection problems, and statistical challenges.Overall, the Mendel Randomization Research Guide is a valuable resource for researchers looking to improve the quality and validity of their randomized research studies. By following its recommendations and best practices, researchers can conductstudies that produce reliable and actionable findings, advancing scientific knowledge and contributing to evidence-based decision making in various fields.篇2Mendel Randomization Study GuideIntroductionMendel Randomization Study Guide is a comprehensive and informative resource for researchers and students interested in the field of Mendel randomization. This guide provides anin-depth overview of the principles and methods of Mendel randomization, as well as practical advice on how to design and conduct Mendel randomization studies.The guide is divided into several sections, each covering a different aspect of Mendel randomization. The first section provides a brief introduction to the history and background of Mendel randomization, tracing its origins to the work of Gregor Mendel, the father of modern genetics. It also discusses the theoretical foundations of Mendel randomization and its potential applications in causal inference.The second section of the guide focuses on the methods and techniques used in Mendel randomization studies. This includesa detailed explanation of how Mendel randomization works, as well as guidelines on how to select instrumental variables and control for potential confounders. It also discusses the strengths and limitations of Mendel randomization, and provides practical tips on how to deal with common challenges in Mendel randomization studies.The third section of the guide is dedicated to practical considerations in Mendel randomization studies. This includes advice on how to design a Mendel randomization study, collect and analyze data, and interpret the results. It also provides recommendations on how to report Mendel randomization studies and publish research findings in scientific journals.In addition, the guide includes a glossary of key terms and concepts related to Mendel randomization, as well as a list of recommended readings for further study. It also includes case studies and examples of Mendel randomization studies in practice, to illustrate the principles and techniques discussed in the guide.ConclusionIn conclusion, the Mendel Randomization Study Guide is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in Mendel randomization. It provides a comprehensive overview ofthe principles and methods of Mendel randomization, as well as practical advice on how to design and conduct Mendel randomization studies. Whether you are new to Mendel randomization or looking to deepen your understanding of the field, this guide is an essential reference for anyone interested in causal inference and genetic epidemiology.篇3"Guide to Mendelian Randomization Studies" English VersionIntroductionMendelian randomization (MR) is a method that uses genetic variants to investigate the causal relationship between an exposure and an outcome. It is a powerful tool that can help researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of complex traits and diseases. The "Guide to Mendelian Randomization Studies" provides a comprehensive overview of MR studies and offers practical guidance on how to design and carry out these studies effectively.Chapter 1: Introduction to Mendelian RandomizationThis chapter provides an overview of the principles of Mendelian randomization, including the assumptions andlimitations of the method. It explains how genetic variants can be used as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome, and outlines the key steps involved in conducting an MR study.Chapter 2: Choosing Genetic InstrumentsIn this chapter, the guide discusses the criteria for selecting appropriate genetic instruments for Mendelian randomization. It covers issues such as the relevance of the genetic variant to the exposure of interest, the strength of the instrument, and the potential for pleiotropy. The chapter also provides practical tips on how to search for suitable genetic variants in public databases.Chapter 3: Data Sources and ValidationThis chapter highlights the importance of using high-quality data sources for Mendelian randomization studies. It discusses the different types of data that can be used, such asgenome-wide association studies and biobanks, and offers advice on how to validate genetic instruments and ensure the reliability of the data.Chapter 4: Statistical MethodsIn this chapter, the guide explains the various statistical methods that can be used to analyze Mendelian randomization data. It covers techniques such as inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger regression, and bi-directional Mendelian randomization, and provides guidance on how to choose the most appropriate method for a given study.Chapter 5: Interpretation and ReportingThe final chapter of the guide focuses on the interpretation and reporting of Mendelian randomization results. It discusses how to assess the strength of causal inference, consider potential biases, and communicate findings effectively in research papers and presentations.ConclusionThe "Guide to Mendelian Randomization Studies" is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in using genetic data to investigate causal relationships in epidemiological studies. By following the guidance provided in the guide, researchers can enhance the rigor and validity of their Mendelian randomization studies and contribute to a better understanding of the determinants of complex traits and diseases.。

ADAMTS―1在各疾病中的表达ADAMTS-1（a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1motif）是指含I型血小板结合蛋白基序（TSP）的解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶，是新发现的一类Zn2+依赖的分泌型金属蛋白酶。

该金属蛋白酶是ADAMTS金属蛋白酶家族重要的第一个成员，和该蛋白家族中其它蛋白一样具有血小板反应素基序。

ADAMTS-1是一?N分泌型蛋白，无活性的ADAMTS-l前体在分泌过程中可以经过两个连续的步骤剪切为65kD和87kD两种活性形式。

分泌后的ADAMTS-1大多通过间隔区和C 末端3个TSP重复序列锚定在细胞外基质中。

ADAMTS-1在许多组织高表达，如肝脏、骨骼肌、心脏、肺和肾脏中。

多种因素可影响ADAMTS-1的表达，致炎细胞因子IL-1-B、TNF-d以及内毒素均可诱导其表达；转化生长因子TGF-β则可下调其表达水平。

激素类如雌激素、雄激素、孕酮、甲状旁腺激素、绒毛膜促性腺激素等均可调节其表达情况。

有研究表明血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）可刺激诱导ADAMTS-1的表达，进而对血管生长起到负反馈调节[1]。

ADAMTS-1能够很好的结合到细胞外基质，可以分泌到细胞外基质（extrace l luarm at rix，ECM），并与其发生作用，参与调节ECM 蛋白[2]。

ADAMTS-1 C末端的金属蛋白酶亚结构可与 ECM 结合，降解其聚集蛋白聚糖（aggrecan），蛋白多糖（proteog l ycan）和多能聚糖（versican）。

ADAMTS-1含量在不同疾病中有明显的改变，这可能为开发针对ADAMTS-1的靶向治疗提供新的思路。

1 ADAMTS-1 在病毒性心肌炎及心脏动脉粥样硬化的变化病毒性心肌炎（VMC）是由病毒感染引起的心肌局造性活弥漫性炎症病变。

目前已经发现可诱发VMC的病毒有20余种，其中柯萨奇病毒为其最常见的诱发病毒之一。

In 1887, the German physicist Erwin Schrödinger proposed a radial solution to the Maxwell-Schrödinger equation. This equation describes the behavior of an electron in an atom and is used to calculate its energy levels. The radial solution was found to be valid for all values of angular momentum quantum number l, which means that it can describe any type of atomic orbital.The existence and multiplicity of this radial solution has been studied extensively since then. It has been shown that there are infinitely many solutions for each value of l, with each one corresponding to a different energy level. Furthermore, these solutions can be divided into two categories: bound states and scattering states. Bound states have negative energies and correspond to electrons that are trapped within the atom; scattering states have positive energies and correspond to electrons that escape from the atom after being excited by external radiation or collisions with other particles.The existence and multiplicity of these solutions is important because they provide insight into how atoms interact with their environment through electromagnetic radiation or collisions with other particles. They also help us understand why certain elements form molecules when combined together, as well as why some elements remain stable while others decay over time due to radioactive processes such as alpha decay or beta decay.。

目录( 按字母顺序)1. Action Alley 主通道45. Fine Line 细分类2. Assembly 直订46. Flags 旗标3. Associate 员工47. Front End 前台4. Associates Sponsor 员工指导48. EDGM常务副总5. Bailer 打包机49. General Order 总订单6. Basic Merchandise 基本商品50. GO7. BOB 查看购物车底51. Gross Margin 毛利8. Buyers 采购员52. Gross Profit 毛利9. CBL 电脑基础学习53. HBA 美容护肤用品10. CFT 现金转移54. Hardlines 非食品部11. Claim 索赔55. Home Office (HO) 总部12. Clip Strip 挂带56. Home & Seasonal 家用和季节性商品13. Coaching For Success 成功指导57. Inventory 库存14. Code ADAM 亚当代码58. Invoice(INV.) 发票15. Code Black 黑色代码59. ISD 电脑部16. Code Blue 蓝色代码60. Item Number 商品号17. Code Brown 棕色代码61. Label 标签18. Code Red 红色代码62. LISA 防损暗语19. Code White 白色代码63. Loss Prevention 防损部20. COMAC部门经理交流64. Management Trainee Program(MTP) 管理21. COMP人员培训计划22. Competition 竞争对手65. Mark Down(MD) 降价23. Correction Of Errors (COE) 失误纠正66. Mark Up(MU) 提价24. Cost 成本67. Markup Percent 毛利率25. Courtesy Desk 服务台68. Merchandise Transfer Report( MTR) 商26. CSM 顾客服务经理品转运报告27. Customer Service Manager (CSM) 顾客服69. Modular 商品陈列图务经理70. MTR 商品调拨28. Damage 损坏71. 99 Supplies 商场自用品29. Dept 部门72. Not ON File(NOF) 不在档30. Direct 直送73. OH 现货31. Display 陈列74. Open Order 开放式订单32. Distribution 分销75. Out Of Stock 缺货33. Distribution Center 分销中心76. Overstock 库存过剩34. Distribution Turn 到货周期77. Packaging 包装35. District 区域78. Perpetual Inventory 永久库存36. Division 分区79. P&L 盈亏报告37. Division 01 01 分区80. P.L.U 查询码38. DSD 商场直接送货81. PO 订货单39. EDLP 天天平价82. POP 宣传广告牌40. End Cap 货架端( 又称N架) 83. Point Of Sale Replenishment (POS) 补41. Event 活动货系统42. Feature 特卖84. POS 自动补货系统43. Feature Tracking 特卖追踪85. Price Change (Price Adjustment) 价格44. F.I.F.O 先进先出45. Produce 农作物( 果蔬部) 108. Stack Base (SB) 堆头46. Profit Margin 利润率109. Store Manager 商场经理47. Purchase Order 订单110. Store Number 商场号码48. QTY 数量111. Super Center 购物广场49. Rate Of Sale (ROS) 销售率112. SWAS店中店50. Receiving 收货113. TAB 传单广告51. Retail 零售价114. Table 陈列柜52. Return On Investment (ROI) 投资回报率115. Telxon 手提终端53. Riser 加高层116. Top 50 Report 前五十名报告54. Sales Floor 楼面117. Trailer 货柜55. Sam’s Club 山姆会员店118. UPC 条形码56. Seasonal 季节性商品119. Vendor 供应商57. Service Desk 顾客服务台120. Vendor Number 供应商号58. 70-Type Items 70 类商品121. Vendor Pack 供应商包装59. Shrinkage 损耗122. VNDR供货商60. Side Counter 正常货架123. VPI Program 商品促销计划61. Side Kick 边篮124. Walton Institute 沃尔顿学院62. Signs/Signing 标牌125. Warehouse 仓库63. SKU 商品单位126. WH or WHSE 仓库64. Smart System 商场商品零售系统127. WMDC分销中心65. Softlines 服装部128. WTD周至今66. Sponsor 员工指导129. YTD 年至今T&D, HR Page 2 of 21 05/02/13ACTION ALLEY 主通道Sales aisle area of the store which Customers seeimmediately upon entrance from vestibule. Runstoward the back of the store from the front doors.顾客一走进商店的门厅立即看到的，位于货架中间的通道。

专利名称：具有谷氨酸NMDA活性的新型精神病治疗剂专利类型：发明专利
发明人：莫什·波特诺伊,伊雷特·吉尔-艾德,亚弗拉罕·维兹曼申请号：CN200780048074.0
申请日：20071025
公开号：CN101636182A
公开日：
20100127
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明公开了具有抗多巴胺能活性和调节谷氨酸N－甲基－D－天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体活性的能力的中枢神经系统(CNS)活性化合物，例如精神病治疗剂。

这种剂在精神分裂症和双相抑郁症的治疗中是有用的，尤其具有改变精神分裂症的阴性症状的能力。

这种剂对改变其他情绪障碍例如抑郁和焦虑、认知缺陷、运动障碍和药物成瘾的状态也是有用的。

申请人：雷蒙特亚特特拉维夫大学有限公司
地址：以色列特拉维夫
国籍：IL
代理机构：北京安信方达知识产权代理有限公司
更多信息请下载全文后查看。

高二英语科学家名称单选题20题1.Who is known for his theory of relativity?A.NewtonB.EinsteinC.DarwinD.Galileo答案：B。

爱因斯坦以相对论闻名于世。

牛顿提出万有引力定律等；达尔文提出进化论；伽利略在天文学和物理学方面有重要贡献。

2.Which scientist is famous for his discovery of penicillin?A.FlemingB.PasteurC.CurieD.Bohr答案：A。

弗莱明因发现青霉素而闻名。

巴斯德在微生物学方面有重大贡献；居里夫人发现镭等放射性元素；玻尔在量子力学方面有重要成就。

3.Who is the scientist associated with the law of universal gravitation?A.EinsteinB.NewtonC.DarwinD.Hawking答案：B。

牛顿与万有引力定律相关。

爱因斯坦以相对论闻名；达尔文提出进化论；霍金在黑洞等领域有重要研究。

4.Which scientist is renowned for his work on evolution?A.NewtonB.DarwinC.EinsteinD.Fleming答案：B。

达尔文因在进化方面的工作而闻名。

牛顿提出万有引力定律等；爱因斯坦以相对论闻名；弗莱明发现青霉素。

5.Who is the scientist known for his research on black holes?A.HawkingB.EinsteinC.NewtonD.Darwin答案：A。

霍金以对黑洞的研究而闻名。

爱因斯坦以相对论闻名；牛顿提出万有引力定律等；达尔文提出进化论。

6.Who is known for making significant contributions to the field of agriculture in Asia?A.Yuan LongpingB.Albert EinsteinC.Thomas EdisonD.Isaac Newton答案：A。

国外医学预测模型教材
在国外，有许多关于医学预测模型的教材可供学习。

以下是一些推荐的教材：
1. 《Predictive Analytics in Healthcare》 by H. Langseth, G. C. Damsgaard, and P. S. Henriksen
这本书介绍了预测分析在医疗领域中的应用，涵盖了各种预测模型和算法，以及如何将它们应用于实际问题中。

2. 《Introduction to Predictive Analytics in Biomedicine》 by D. M. Vining, J. A. MacDiarmid, and N. C. Culverhouse
这本书介绍了生物医学中预测分析的基本概念和方法，包括统计建模、机器学习、数据挖掘等技术，以及如何将它们应用于临床实践和研究中。

3. 《Machine Learning for Healthcare: Prediction and Decision Support》 by S. Chawla, B. Kottegoda, and G. C. Damsgaard
这本书重点介绍了机器学习在医疗领域中的应用，包括分类、聚类、回归等算法，以及如何使用这些算法来构建预测模型和决策支持系统。

4. 《Healthcare Predictive Analytics: Methods and Applications》 by R. K. Jain and P. W. Reilly
这本书涵盖了医疗领域中各种预测模型的算法和应用，包括生存分析、时间序列分析、混合效应模型等，以及如何将它们应用于实际问题和挑战中。

这些教材都是权威性的经典之作，可以帮助您深入了解医学预测模型的基本概念、方法和应用。