高考英语大一轮复习讲义 Unit 1 A land of diversity(含解析)新人教版选修8
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1 高考英语大一轮复习讲义 Unit 1 A land of
diversity（含解析）新人教版选修8
1．means(n.)
手法；方法
2．boom(n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣
(vi.) 处于经济迅速发展时期
3．customs(n.) 海关；关税；进口税
4．occur(vi.) 发生；出现
5．slip(vi.) 滑动；滑行；滑跤
(n.) 滑动；滑倒
6．hire(vt.&
n．) 租用；雇用
7．nowhere(adv.) 无处；到处都无
8．reform(vt.& vi.) 改革；革新
(n.) 改革；改造；改良
9．grasp(vt.& n．) 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
10．distinct(adj.)清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction(n.)差别；区分；卓著
11．majority(n.)大多数；大半→minority(n.)少数
12．elect(vt.)选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election(n.)选举
13．applicant(n.)申请人→apply(v.)申请→application(n.)申请
14．indicate(vt.)指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication(n.)迹象→indicator(n.)指示器；指示物
15．apparent(adj.)显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently(adv.)显然地；显而易见地
16．punishment (n.)惩罚；处罚→punish (v.)惩罚；处罚
1．live_on 继续存在；继续生存
2．by_means_of... 用……办法；借助……
3．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
4．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作 2 6．mark_out
画线；标出……界线
7．take_in
包括；吸收
8．a_great/good_many
许多；很多
9．apply_for 申请；请示得到
10．in_addition 另外
1．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at
least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能美洲土著人至少一万五千年前就生活在加利福尼亚。
名师指津：it is likely that...有可能……
例句仿写：据我可知，投票数很有可能必须重新计算。
As far as I know，it_is_likely_that the votes will have to be counted again.
2．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great
that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture
of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
名师指津：it is believed that...意为“人们认为/相信……”，其构成为：it＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。
例句仿写：人们认为温室气体是全球气温升高的主因。
It_is_believed_that greenhouse gases are the main causes of global warming.
3．Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted
to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams.
缆车系统建立于1873年，是由安德鲁·哈利迪发明的，他想找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。
名师指津：built in 1873为过去分词短语作时间状语。
例句仿写：给予更多的关心和教导，这个孩子可能成为一名音乐家。
_Given_more_attention_and_instruction，the child is likely to grow into a
musician.
4．That’s why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second
language.
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
名师指津：That’s why...那就是为什么。
例句仿写：他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他为什么必须辍学的原因。 3 He is addicted to computer games，that’s_why he has to drop out of school.
majority n．大多数；大半
(牛津P1220)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.
大多数人支持禁烟。
(1) in the majority占大多数have a majority over sb.获得多于某人的……；战胜某人by/with a majority of以大多数……赢得……
(2)
minority n.少数in the minority占少数
(3)major in主修……
①With the prices going up，the majority of people find_it_hard_to_live_on the
amount of money they get.
随着物价的上涨，大多数人觉得靠他们挣的钱很难生活。
②Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are
in the majority.委员中赞成这项计划的占大多数。
(1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
(2)The majority of 复数名词＋复数谓语动词不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
③The majority were/was against the plan，which made me upset.
大多数人反对这个计划，这使我伤心。
④The murder shocked the Americans，the_majority_of_whom are peaceloving and
nonviolent.这一谋杀案震惊了整个美国，因为毕竟大多数的美国人还是热爱和平和反对暴 4 力的。
means n．手段；方法
(陕西卷书面表达)Furthermore，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help
them grow up mentally and physically.
此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。
by this means通过这种方法
by means of用……办法；借助……
by all means一定；务必；好的，当然可以
by no means决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
by every means用尽一切可能的办法
①(朗文P1277)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of
transportation.
自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。
②She could not speak，but made her wishes
known by_means_of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。
③I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means
are_my_parents_satisfied_with my progress.为了提高英语水平，我已尽力了。但父母对我的进步一点也不满意。
occur vi.发生；出现
(2012·广东阅读理解)There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on
the
way to and from work.
过去，在我上下班途中发生过各种各样的悲剧。
(1)sth.occurs to/strikes sb.某人突然想起某事
(2)It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that...某人突然想起……
①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident
occurred.我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。
②(辽宁高考)When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred_to_him.
在剑桥工作时，巴比奇想到了一个新主意。
