猜词大全

1 / 9

掌握猜词技巧，提升阅读能力猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧，它可以在一定程度上考查考生的逻辑推断能力，是阅读能力的一个重要组成部分，频繁出现在英语试卷中。

在英语阅读中根据上下文猜测词义，有助于锻炼同学们分析问题、解决问题的能力，有助于扩大词汇量。实际上，阅读材料中的词汇与它前后的词语、句子或段落，甚至篇章都有着相互制约的关系。因此我们可以利用语境所给信息，推测判断文中生词的含义。一、定义猜词法

即根据定义猜测词义的方法。需要定义或解释的单词或短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中的关键词，作者为了使读者正确理解它们，就得做出较浅显的解释或说明。

例一：

Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck,four legs and orange skin with dark

spots.根据后面对Giraffe 的解释，它的词义为“长颈鹿”。

例二：

Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知Anthropology 的词义为“研究人类的科学”即“人类学”。例三：

What is plagiarism? It is using others’ideas and words without clearly

the mentioning where

information is from.根据定义我们知道plagiarism的词义为“剽窃”。

二、定语从句

定语从句对先行词起限定、修饰或解释作用，因此我们可以利用定语从句来推测先行词的词义。

例一：

Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York but who

2 / 9

have returned to the island,are called Nuvoricans.

Nuvoricans 的词义可以由Second generation Puerto Ricans后面的两个定语从句来得到，即生在纽约，后又回到波多黎各的人。

例二：

Psychophysiology is a science which deals with the relationship between mind

and body.

根据定语从句我们可以看出Psychophysiology的意思为“身心联系的科学”，即“心理生理学”。三、同位短语或同位语从句

同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号、分号、引号和括号连接。

例一：

According to a report published on the British medical magazine,The Lancet,a

study of ten German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their

phones, their blood pressure goes up by 5 to 10millimeters of mercury.根据句法结构的知识，我们知道The Lancet是the British medical

magazine的同位语，由此可知The Lancet是一个杂志的名称。

例二：

Semantics, the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak

and read intelligently.

两个逗号中间的短语the study of the meaning of words是Semantics的同位语，意为“对词义进行研究的科学”，即“语义学”。

四、对比结构

寻找文中相互对比、相互对照的线索来确定生词的含义。

在此类文章中，通常会出现一些表示

3 / 9

意义转折、对比的词语：

however,but,on the other hand,on the contrary,instead of,while, unlike, not,

although,yet,despite,in spite of,in contrast, etc.

例一：

A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled

ones.

根据句法结构可知the adept workers和the unskilled ones.为对比关系，意义相反。由the unskilled ones可推出the adept workers为熟练工人。例二：

Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.通过but我们知道abhor是like的反义词，意为“厌恶”。

五、并列平行结构

它表示意义上的并列或相似关系。表示并列关系的词语为and,similarly,like,just as,also,etc.

例一：

A child’s birthday party does not have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of

fun,according to Beth Anacleria,an Evaston mother of two,

aged 4 and 18 months.

分号前后为两个并列平行的分句，后一句意为“生日聚会可以充满快乐、乐趣”，我们可以推测hassle意为“混乱”。

例二：

First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the

seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest

minds,mathematical

including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out

the

4 / 9

problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the

Ecole Polytechnique.baffled 和beaten为并列平行关系，根据beaten可以推测出baffled意为“难倒，使受挫，阻碍”之意。

例三：

John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.根据and和similarly判定短语loves to talk 和loquacious.之间为同义比较，意为“健谈的”。

六、因果关系

它也是推测词义的一种重要方式。我们可以通过结果推测原因，亦可通过原因推测结果。

例句：

The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for

years.根据原因状语从句和homesick本身的构词方法，我们推断它的词义为“想家的”。

七、举例法

即通过生词后面所举的例子来推断生词的含义。

例句：

In this reading room,you can find almost all

periodicals in China, such as:

The World of English,Foreign Language in School,English Learning or Readers.我们根据后面所举的例子，不难推断出periodicals是“期刊”之意。

八、语境线索或上下文

即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。

这是我们用来推测词义的主要方法之一。

5 / 9

例一：

The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays

are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should

have fun.

例二：

As

development regards

of the moral standards in the growing child,consistency (一贯性)isvery

important teaching.To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation

for morality (道德).Also,parents should realize that “exampleis better than

precept”.If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ),their

children may grow confused,and emotionally insecure (不稳定)when they

grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some

extent fooled.

根据上下文我们可知precept的词义为“说教”。

例三：

Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our

inventions!Don’t be available all the time.Turn off your mobile phone at certain times

of the day. Don’t check your e-mailevery day.Don’t reply to somebody as soon as

they

leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets

annoying.

根据语境我们知道available的词义为“可与之交谈的”或“有空的”。

例四：

We found that bar at last.I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters