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第四板块第三部分概要写作Writing 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In 1971, China's first subway line in Beijing was formally put into operation. By December 2017, there were 171 subway lines stretching over 5,083 km in 35 cities on the Chinese mainland. Currently, China has the longest urban railway network in the world, which is predicted to surpass 6,000 km by 2020.The rapid development of China's urban railway system reflects the country's growing economic strength. The system has experienced the fastest growth over the past 15 years due to the investment of wealth accumulated from the reform and opening up in urban infrastructure construction. An urban railway system is expensive to build, with one kilometer of subway costing approximately 700 million yuan(about $110 million). A city without economic strength cannot develop such an expensive system.The progress in urban railway construction technologies has also contributed to the fast expansion of the infrastructure. Subway construction involves building underground tunnels, laying rails, manufacturing trains and the operation and management of subways. It is a systematic project which not only covers traditional infrastructure building but also modern electronics and information technology. China's railway construction technologies are the best in the world, with Chinese subway trains now exported to developed countries including the United States.The expansion of Chinese cities has made it necessary to develop urban railway systems. Since the start of the reform and opening up, a large number of people have migrated to cities and the number of private cars has increased dramatically, resulting in serious traffic congestion. Building subways has become an important way to solve this problem.This year marks the 41st anniversary of the launch of China's reform and opening up, and the rapid development of China's urban railway system exemplifies the achievements made by the policy. As China furthers its opening up, it will continue to maintain steady and rapid economic growth and railway systems will be available in more and more cities.Writing 1The past few decades has witnessed the fast development of Chinese urban railways both in number and length, which is a reflection of China's prosperous economy. (要点1) Actually, not only the growing construction technologies but also the expansion of Chinese cities with booming population and heavy traffic, stimulates the urban railway construction. (要点2) With the deepening of the reform and opening up policy, more urban railways will come into use. (要点3)Writing 2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高考模拟英语试题本试卷由三个部分组成。
其中，第一部分和第二部分的第一节为选择题。
第二部分的第二节和第三部分为非选择题。
注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ASharing creativityThe exhibition Harmonious Co-Existence shows more than 220 paintings, prints, photos and sculptures at the National Art Museum. Artists include Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali. Andy Warhol, David Hockney and Anselm Kiefer, whose works are among the most expensive on the world art market today.9 a.m.-5 P. m. , July 2nd through July 8th. Wusi Dajie, Dongeheng District, Beijing. 010-6400-1476.Tickets: FreeAustralian bark paintingsUsing bark as canvas and ochre as pigment(颜料), local Australians have formed their unique bark painting style over the centuries. The artwork usually centers on local people’s prehistoric religions, recording history and legends of the tribes. The exhibition. Old Masters：Australia’s Great Bark Art ists, is under way at the National Museum of China and offers a glimpse of this unique painting style.9 a. m. -5 P. m. , July 1st through September 2nd (closed on Mondays). Galleries N11, National Museum of China, 16 East Chang’an Avenue, Dongcheng Distri ct. 010-6511-6188.Tickets: 50 yuan(children aged 5-12: 30 yuan)When elegance meets artThe exhibition When Elegance Meets Art at the Today Art Museum features nearly 400 jewelry creations to reflect the evolution of the Van Cleef &Arpels style.10 a. m. -6 P. m. , closed on Mondays, July 3rd through August 5th. Exhibition Hall of Building No. 1, Today Art Museum, Building 4, Pingod Community, 32 Baiziwan Road. Chaoyang District. 010-5876-0600.Tickets：40 yuanArt of Tsinghua graduatesA VIP preview and auction(拍卖)introduces a grand show of artworks by graduates from Tsinghua University’s arts and design academy on Tuesday in Beijing. The auction will be held after a preview of this year’s graduation exhibition. Hundreds of paintings, installations, photos, designs and mixed-media works are on display.8：30 a. m. -5 P. m. , July 2nd through July 7th. Tsinghua University Art Museum, No. 1, Tsinghua University Campus, Haidian District. 010-6278-1012.Tickets: 60 yuan1. Where can you appreciate an exhibition i f you are fond of Pablo Picasso’s artworks?A. Tsinghua University Art Museum.B. Today Art Museum.C. National Art Museum.D. National Museum of China.2. If a 10-year-old child and his parents want to enjoy bark paintings, how much should they pay?A. 100 yuan.B. 110 yuan.C. 120 yuan.D. 130 yuan.3. Which exhibition lasts the shortest period of time?A. Harmonious Co-Existence.B. Art of Tsinghua graduates.C. When Elegance Meets Art.D. Old Masters：Australia’s Great Bark Artists.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。
应用文写作专题山东省滨州市2020届高三英语第二次模拟考试试题第一节(满分15分)46.假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom听说中医药在新型冠状病毒疫情中凸显了医疗效能,对中医药非常感兴趣，请给他回一封电子邮件，为他介绍一下中医药的相关信息.要点包括: 1.历史及地位；2.在疫情中的作用；3.发展前景；4.其它。
提示词：中医药Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 新型冠状病毒(novel coronavirus) 疫情(epidemic)注意：1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.电子邮件的开头已为你写好°Dear Tom,How is everything going?_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tom,How is everything going? Hearing that you are interested in Traditional Chinese Medicine, I am writing to give you a detailed description of it. Here is some relevant information.Traditional Chinese Medicine has a history of thousands of years, which can date back to remote antiquity. It is an indispensable part of Chinese culture and it has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. What is worth mentioning is that Traditional Chinese Medicine has played an important role in the treatment of novel coronavirus. The reason is that Traditional Chinese Medicine can build up people’s body and have no side effects, which is gained recognition around the world. I certainly believe if it is put to good use, it will benefit mankind.If you have anything you want to know, please feel free to ask me.Yours，Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。
决战2020年高考冲刺卷（02）英语（山东专版）（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AMusicals in Washington’s Historic National Theatre in 2020The Last ShipFriday, March 27—Sunday, April 5$49—$154THE LAST SHIP, inspired by Sting’s 1991 album ＂The Soul Cages＂and his own childhood experiences, tells the story of a community in Tyne and Wear. Sting will star and perform the role at every performance. It features an original score with music and lyrics by Sting as well as a few of his best-loved songs: ＂Island of Souls＂＂All This Time＂and ＂When We Dance＂. Learn more at .Recommended for ages 13 and up.Run time: Approximately 2 hours, 30 minutes.The King’s SpeechTuesday, Feb. 11 — Sunday, Feb. 16$54 — $104THE KING’S SPEECH is based on the true story of King George VI’s struggle with a speech problem and the friendship he formed with his doctor, Lionel Logue. With the Nazi threat coming and civil unrest at home, royal secrets explode around the King as he appeared onto the world stage.Recommended for ages 13 and up.Run time: Approximately 2 hours, 50 minutes.Blue Man GroupFriday, May 8 —Sunday, May 17$64—$124At BLUE MAN GROUP, you’ll rock, laugh, and party! As three blue men explore our world, together we’ll discover music, comedy and surprises at every turn. It is perfect for audiences of all ages and cultural backgrounds, and returns to D．C．with new music, fresh stories, custom instruments like never before.Recommended for ages 4 and up.Run time: Approximately 1 hour, 30 minutesSummer: The Donna Summer MusicalWednesday, July 22 —Sunday, Aug. 2$54—$114Donna Summer was a girl from Boston with a voice from heaven. With a score featuring more than 20 of Summer’s classic hits including ＂Love to Love You Baby＂＂Bad Girls＂and ＂Hot Stuff＂, this electric experience is a moving tribute to the voice of a generation.Recommended for ages 13 and up.Run time: Approximately 1 hour, 40 minutes1．In which musical can you enjoy the song ＂All This Time＂?A．The King’s Speech.B．The Last Ship.C．Blue Man Group. D．Summer: The Donna Summer Musical.2．When is the musical ＂The King’s Speech＂scheduled to open?A．Tuesday, Feb. 11. B．Friday, March 27.C．Sunday, May 17. D．Wednesday, July 22.3．What is the ticket price range of “Summer: The Donna Summer Musical”?A．$49 — $154. B．$64 — $124. C．$54— $104. D．$54 —$114.BOnline shopping has become more and more popular these years. Women have jumped ahead of men for the first time in using the Internet to do their holiday shopping, according to a study published last week in the US.For years men have been more likely to shop on the Internet than women, but during the 2019 holiday season 59 percent of those shopping online were women.“It shows how popular the Internet is becoming,” said Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project group, which carried out the study. Rainie said it was only a matter of time before women shoppers caught up with men. This is because women traditionally make decisions about spending.Users were more likely to shop online to save time. Internet users between the ages 19 and 29 were responsible for some of the surprising increase in the online gift buying population this time around.However, three-quarter of the US Internet users did not buy holiday gifts online in 2019. They worried about credit card security (信用卡安全), or just compared online prices with off-line prices, then dashed off to the shops to get the best deals.“But even if shoppers don't buy online, we bsites are becoming promotion (促销) tools for stores,” said DanHess, vice president of Com Score Network Inc. Hess said that actually most stores' websites can make customers fully believe the security of their credit card numbers. And most are able to ensure that gifts arrive on time.“It's all about making the shopping experience more efficient (效率高的), more reliable and more comfortable.” Hess said.4．What can we know from the passage?A．There were fewer women online shoppers than men in 2019.B．More women shopped online than men in 2019.C．Most of the Internet users between the ages 19 and 29 were women.D．People in the US were more likely to buy gifts online.5．What does the underlined part “dashed off” probably mean?A．Turned. B．Put off.C．Hurried. D．Take off.6．According to Dan Hess, shopping online is ________.A．unsafe B．convenientC．a waste of money D．cheaper7．Where does the passage probably come from?A．an introduction textbook B．a news coverageC．an essay collection D．brochureCCalifornia has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.8．What is the second paragraph mainly about?A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B．The increasing variety of California big trees.C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.9．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A．Ecological studies of forests.B．Banning woodcutting.C．Limiting housing development.D．Fire control measures.10．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.11．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in CaliforniaDAbout one million adults in the USA need someone to help them eat. Researchers at the University of Washington are working on a robotic system that can help make it easier. After identifying different food on a plate, the robot can decide how to use a fork to pick up and deliver the desired bite to a person s mouth.“Being dependent on a caregiver to feed every bite every day takes away a person's sense of independence, "said the researcher. “Our goal with this project is to give people a bit more control over their lives the idea was to develop a feeding system that would be attached to wheelchairs and feed people whatever they wanted to eat.“When we started the project, we realized there are so many ways that people can eat a piece of food depending on its size, shape or consistency(坚实度)," said the researcher, “So we set up an experiment to see how humans eat common foods.”The researchers arranged plates with about a dozen different kinds of food, ranging in consistency from hard carrots to soft bananas, Then the team gave volunteers a fork and asked them to pick up different pieces of food andfeed them to a model. The fork contained a sensor to measure how much force people used when they picked up food.To design a feeding strategy that changes based on the food item, the researchers combined two different algorithms (算法).First they used an object-detection algorithm called Retina Net, which scans the plate, identifies the types of food on it and places a frame around each item. Then they developed SPNet, an algorithm that examines the type of food in a specific frame and tells the robot the best way to pick up the food.The team is currently working with the Taskar Center for Accessible Technology to get advice from caregivers and patients on how to improve the system to meet people's need.12．Why do the researchers work on the robotic system?A．To help old people live a normal life.B．To help people improve their health.C．To release people from heavy housework.D．To make some people more independent.13．How does the robotic system work?A．By picking up some soft food. B．By picking out food on the wheelchair.C．By working with some nurses. D．By observing and delivering food.14．What can be inferred about the robotic system?A．It needs further research. B．It has come onto the market.C．It is suitable for any disabled person. D．It has won people's great concern.15．What may be the best title for the text?A．The process of inventing a robotic system.B．A new way to help those who don't like eating.C．Robotic feeders for humans are coming into being.D．Caregivers are going to lose their jobs in the future.第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
第二讲增加细节的5大高分技巧在应用文写作中，增加细节内容的描述是必不可少的。
在信息提纲类写作中，考生一定不能简单地翻译或者仅仅完成所给条目的指定内容；在看图作文中更不能只是轻描淡写图片内容，否则很有可能造成内容不充实、词数要求不达标或者结构不连贯等问题。
适当增加细节内容，能够使习作流畅、丰满，达到应有的表达效果。
列举具体的实例进行补充说明(2019·浙江卷6月·应用文写作)我仍旧记得……1．I still remember...→I still remember what you have devoted to improving my oral English and English writing.2．(2018·浙江卷11月·应用文写作)这是一个黑色的皮革钱包。
It is a black leather wallet.→It is a black leather wallet with my ID card,2 credit cards and around 200 dollars in it.3．(2020·宁波综合检测·应用文写作)我想大体上介绍一下中国的传统文化。
I'd like to talk briefly about Chinese traditional culture.→I'd like to talk briefly about Chinese traditional culture，especially Chinese painting.4．(2020·台州市第一次质量预测·应用文写作)现在，我想与你分享春节的一些传统风俗习惯。
Now，I'd like to share with you some traditional customs of the Spring Festival.→Now，I'd like to share with you some traditional customs of the Spring Festival，the most important festival in China.5．我想找一个像我一样喜欢旅行的笔友。
山东省2020高考二模英语试题精选汇编-读后续写专题2020届山东省滨州市高三第二次模拟英语试题第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
续写的词数应为150左右。
Through our lives, we can gain a lot and lose so much. But being honest should always be with us, as honesty is always regarded as a virtue. Every time I talk about the topic, something crowds in my mind as if it had just happened.I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him to Mijas and then take the car in a nearby garage to get it serviced. At that time, I had just passed the driving test, and I hardly had a chance to use the car, so I said yes without hesitation.I drove my father to Mijas, promising to pick him up again at 4 pm, then I went to anearby garage, and put the car in there. Since I had several hours to spare, I decided to go to a movie theater near the garage to see the movie. However, I was so absorbed in the plot of the movie that I forgot the time. When the last movie finished, I looked at my watch：6 pm. I was two hours late!I thought my father would be very angry if he knew what I was doing. And he would never let me drive again. So I decided to make up an excuse. Then, I drove to the appointed place, my father was sitting in a corner, waiting patiently. I first apologized for being late, then told him that I wanted to get there as soon as possible, but that something was wrong with some of the main parts of the car.I would never forget the way he looked at me. “I'm very disappointed that you thought you had to lie to me, Jason.” My father looked at me again and said, “When you didn't show up on time, I called the gas station and asked if there was anything wrong They told me you never picked up the car. So, you see, I know there's nothing wrong with the car at all."A wave of guilt swept over me and I had to admit the fact that I had gone to the movies and that was the real reason why I was late.___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2But father, it's exactly eighteen miles home from here , and it's dark. You can't walk back. " I begged.___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________【答案】A wave of guilt swept over me and I had to admit the fact that I had gone to the movies and that was the real reason why I was late .Dad listened carefully as a sadness passed through him，“I'm angry, not with you but with myself. You see. I realize that I have failed as a father if after all these years you feel that you have to lie to me. I have failed because I have brought up a son who cannot even tell the truth to his own father. I'm going to walk home now and think where I have gone wrong all these years”.But father, it's exactly eighteen miles home from here , and it's dark. You can't walk back. " I begged .My protests, my apologies and the rest of my words were useless. I had let my father down. and I was about to learn one of the most painful lessons of my life. Dad began walking along the dusty roads. I quickly jumped in the car and followed behind. I apologized all the way,telling him how sorry I was, but he simply ignored me. For 18 miles he kept walking. Seeing my father in so much pain was the most awful experience that I have ever faced.However it was also the most successful lesson.【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。
专题一阅读理解主题一人与自我A(2019河北保定二模)Summer Programs for TeensUniversity of Maryland: TERP Young ScholarsThis program is the perfect summer camp for academically talented teenagers who want to pursue academic interests, explore career opportunities, and discover college life at the University of Maryland.During three weeks of intellectual exploration, teens can study with students who share similar interests, and communicate with some of the university's best teachers.Upon successful completion, students can earn three college credits.Carpe Diem: The University-bound AdventureCarpe Diem supports both American and international students in applying to a university by providing private consultation. This 2-week experience also includes tours of famous East Coast universities. Students will also have the opportunity to build their resumes(简历) by working with writing experts.Great Books Summer ProgramThis is a lively, warm and welcoming summer camp community of outstanding teens, who love literature and ideas. In the past eleven years, it has gathered middle and high school students1 / 60from across the world to read selections from the greatest works of literature, experience heated discussions and enjoy summer camp fun with other literary-minded students. Participants can gain confidence in their ability to read a text closely and express their ideas clearly both verbally andin writing.Zeal TravelWe offer our teens two-week and three-week long trips to Hawaii, Alaska, Australia and Spain. All trips include 15—25 hours of community service activities.Depending on your trip of choice, you'll be helping Hawaiians protect their forest ecosystem, caring for dogs in Spain, working with Habitat for Humanity, and much more. Every trip also includes exciting outdoor activities like surfing, driving, ice-climbing, hiking and more. The possibilities are endless and there is a zeal trip for every interest.1.Which program offers students the opportunity to develop academic interests?A.Carpe Diem.B.Zeal Travel.C.University of Maryland.D.Great Books Summer Program.2.What can students do in Great Books Summer Program?A.Learn how to write stories.B.Attend a campus cultural event.C.Make friends with famous writers.D.Read and discuss the great works of literature.3.What is special about Zeal Travel?2 / 60A.It includes a lot of thrilling outdoor activities.B.It provides community service for students.C.It offers students exciting free trips.D.It will last 3 weeks.答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四项青少年暑期活动计划。
姓名，年级：时间：高考冲刺卷（二）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.1．What did the woman just do?A．She argued with the man。
B．She shouted at another woman。
C．She left her work to someone else.2．What is the purpose of the woman’s call?A．To ask about a bill。
B．To pay the gas bill。
C．To open a new account。
3．When will the speakers discuss the matter again?A．On Wednesday。
B．On Friday。
C．On Thursday.4．Why does the woman look upset？A．Her purse was stolen。
B．She was given a parking ticket。
C．She couldn’t find a parking space.5．What's the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Teacher and student.B．Father and daughter.C．Classmates.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22。
5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
（新课标）2020高考英语大二轮提分练考前冲刺卷(一）选择题部分第一部分听力（略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AFor some years，my mother worked for a charity as President and Secretary。
Selling raffle tickets（兑奖券） was her main means of brin ging in the charity’s much.needed funds.We girls would accompany her,selling tickets with great success。
My father made and donated beautiful wooden toys,jewellery boxes and other lovely items as prizes.Now my sister was always coming up with “good ideas”，most of which didn’t work out to plan.But that didn’t deter her.She had many just waiting to be tested。
When she was eight and I was just five，we had a wonderful idea for a business adventure。
We decided we would sell raffle tickets for charity，and that charity was us!So one afternoon，we told our mother we were going to play in the park with our cousins as we did most days after school。
山东省2020届高三冲刺模拟（二）英语试题及答案英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。
满分为150分。
考试用时120分钟。
第I卷（选择题，共100分）第一部分听力做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the hat cost?A．$ 19.15 B．$ 90.15 C．$ 9.152．What address is the man looking for?A．415 Fourth street．B．514 Fourth street．C．415 Fifth street．3．Where do they talk probably?A．At a restaurant．B．In a factory．C．At home．4．What is Lily goint to do?A．Catch a train home．B．Do her homework．C．Go to park．5．How will the man probably mail the books?A．By ordinary mail．B．By sea mail．C．By air parcel．第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
第四篇概要写作同义替换常用词1.词义替换(1)名词①担忧:worry→concern②建议:suggestion→proposal③影响:influence→impact④目标:target→goal⑤难题:problem→issue⑥机会:chance→opportunity⑦垃圾:litter→rubbish, trash ⑧发展:development→advance, progress⑨住所:house→shelter⑩困难:difficulty→obstacle, barrier, challenge人:people→individual, person, human优势:advantage→merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength老人:old people→the aged, the elderly缺陷:disadvantage→drawback, downside, weakness干旱:with no rain at all→drought方法:method→way, approach地区:district→zone, place, region, area姿势:pose→gesture冒险:adventure→expedition财富,财产:wealth→fortune, property高速公路:expressway→freeway居民:resident→citizen塞车:jam→congestion原因:reason→factor(2)动词①减轻:ease→relieve②提倡:propose→advocate③讨厌:hate→dislike, be fed up with, be boredwith④鼓励,激发:encourage→motivate, fuel⑤对……感兴趣:be interested in→be caught upin, be crazy about, be keen on, be fond of⑥阻止:prevent→stop⑦充分利用:make full use of→make themost/best of,take advantage of⑧相似:look like→resemble⑨完成:accomplish→achieve, finish⑩抵挡:stand up to→withstand, resist, oppose处理:deal with→handle采取措施:take action→take measures, take steps 加速:speed up→accelerate出发去某地:set off for→head for, leave for经历:undergo→experience降低至:fall to→decline to, decrease to, drop to 要求:request→demand, require消除:clear→eliminate, remove确保:ensure→assure, guarantee, make sure宣称:declare→claim给予:give→offer, provide, supply保持:keep→preserve, reserve, maintain导致:lead to→cause, give rise to, result in暴露:reveal→expose使:make→enable提高:improve→enhance改变:change→transform, alter与……联系:associate with→connect with建立:build→establish, set up得到:get→acquire, obtain拥有:have→possess, own感谢:thank→appreciate表达:express→convey解决:solve→cope with, deal with, resolve帮助:help→assist, aid步行:walk→cover确信:make sure→ensure认为:think→claim, consider, believe, insist, hold 损害:damage→hurt, i njure, harm, impair,endanger保护:protect→conserve, preserve致力于:be devoted to→be committed to展示:show→reveal, illustrate, present允许某人做某事:give sb. permission to dosth.→allow sb. to do sth.预订:book→reserve推迟:put off→delay转换:switch→convert, transform禁止:forbid→ban, prohibit区分:tell sth./sb. apart→distinguish由……构成:be made up of→be composed of,consist of维持:sustain→support, maintain承担责任:shoulder/undertake one's duty→beresponsible for, take responsibility增加:be on the rise→increase, multiply尽力做某事:do sth. to the best of one's ability→try one's best to do sth., spare no effort to do sth., make every effort to do sth.专心致志于:put one's heart into→be absorbed in, be bent on, be buried in(3)形容词①乏味的:boring→dull, tiresome ②害怕的:afraid→frightened, scared③出名的:famous→notable, renowned④显然的:obvious→apparent, evident, clear⑤严重的:severe→serious ⑥有益的:useful→helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding⑦新的:new→fresh, brand new, novel⑧粗鲁的:rude→impolite ⑨怀疑的:doubtful→skeptical, suspicious,incredulous⑩快速的:fast→speedy最便宜的:the least expensive→the cheapest许多:many→a sea of, an ocean of, abundant, numerous, considerable巨大的:big→enormous, vast, massive,tremendous聪明的:clever→smart, gifted, sharp-minded 好的:good→fantastic, magnificent,outstanding, remarkable穷的:in poverty→poor, needy悲伤的:sad→depressed, frustrated重要的:important→significant, essential, critical, vital, crucial基本的:fundamental→basic, essential神圣的:sacred→holy充足的;富裕;富有:rich in→plentiful, ample,generous, abundant少量的:a small number of→a handful of主要的:primary→main合理的:reasonable→sensible, rational, sound 勇敢的:brave→fearless, bold, courageous开心的:happy→cheerful, delightful艰难的:difficult→tough, challenging有害的:harmful→damaging, ruinous传统的:traditional→conventional生气的:angry→annoyed, irritated最初的:initial→original疲劳的:worn→tired, exhausted(4)副词①非常:very→extremely, intensely,extraordinarily②最后:finally→eventually, ultimately③起先:firstly→originally, initially ④大约:approximately→almost, about, around, nearly, roughly⑤肯定地:certainly→definitely, undoubtedly, ⑥经常,总是:frequently→constantly, alwaysobviously, apparently⑦立刻:right now→immediately, shortly, right away ⑧事实上:as a matter of fact→practically, in practice, in reality, in effect, in fact⑨平稳地:steadily→smoothly ⑩决不,从不:never→on no account, at no time, under no circumstances偶尔,有时:now and then→at times,occasionally很少:rarely→seldom每天:day in and day out→every day缓慢地,轻微地:slightly→slowly, mildly 仅仅:only→merely完全地:totally→absolutely, completely目前:at present→nowadays, recently急剧地:dramatically→sharply, steeply(5)其他替换①我认为:in my opinion→personally, from myperspective②关于:with regard to→as for③虽然:despite/regardless the factthat→although④同时:at the same time→meanwhile⑤同时:at the same time→in the meantime⑥因为:on account of the fact that→because⑦对比:on the other hand→by contrast, on the contrary ⑧此外:in addition→besides, furthermore, moreover2.词性转换①追求:pursue v.→pursuit n.②受伤:injure v.→inj ured adj.受伤的→injury n.受伤③重要的:important adj.→be of importance n.④受欢迎:popular adj.→popularity n.⑤强调:put an emphasis on n.→emphasize v.⑥更喜欢:prefer v.→preference n.⑦讨论:have a discussion of n.→discuss v.⑧缺乏:a lack of n.→lack v.⑨比较:comparison n.→compare v.⑩倾向于:have a tendency to do n.→tend to do v.需要:have a need for n.→need v.调查:conduct an investigation n.→investigate v.决定:make a decision n.→decide v.解释:give an explanation of n.→explain v.创造性:creativity n.→creative adj.各种不同的:a variety of n.→various adj.评估:assess v.→assessment n.指派,布置作业:assign v.→assignment n.方便:convenience n.→convenient adj.辨别:distinguish v.→distinguished adj.突出的评估:evaluate v.→evaluation n.使烦恼:annoy v.→annoying adj.令人烦恼的→annoyance n.烦恼。
