OPTIMUM DESIGN FOR IMPROVING

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) is a complex and challenging process that involves integrating various engineering disciplines to achieve the best possible design solution. It requires a holistic approach that takes into account the interactions and trade-offs between different design parameters, such as structural, thermal, aerodynamic, and control systems. MDO is crucial in modern engineering as it allows for the development of more efficient and cost-effective designs, ultimately leading to better products and systems. One of the key challenges in MDO is the need to balance conflicting design requirements. For example, in the design of an aircraft, engineers must consider the trade-offs between weight, aerodynamics, and structural integrity. Optimizing one aspect of the design may have a negative impact on another, so it is essential to find the right balance that meets all requirements. This requires close collaboration between engineers from different disciplines, as well as the use of advanced modeling and simulation tools to evaluate the design space and identify the best solutions. Another challenge in MDO is the complexity of the design space. With multiple interacting disciplines and a large number of design variables, the search for the optimal solution can be extremely challenging. Traditional design optimization methods often struggle to handle this complexity, leading to suboptimal solutions. MDO requires the use of advanced optimization algorithms and techniques, such as genetic algorithms, neural networks, and multi-objective optimization, to efficiently explore the design space and identify the best solutions. Furthermore, MDO also requires a significant amount of computational resources. The integration of multiple disciplines and the use of advanced optimization techniques often result in computationally intensive processes that require large-scale computing resources. This can be a barrier for small engineering teams or organizations with limited resources, as it may be challenging to access the necessary computational infrastructure to support MDO activities. However, with the advancement of cloud computing and high-performance computing technologies, these barriers are gradually being overcome, making MDO more accessible to a wider range of engineering teams. Despite these challenges, the benefits of MDO are significant. By considering multiple disciplinessimultaneously, MDO can lead to designs that are more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective. It can also help to identify innovative design solutions that may not be apparent when considering each discipline in isolation. Ultimately, MDO has the potential to revolutionize the way engineering design is conducted, leading to the development of better products and systems across a wide range of industries. In conclusion, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization is a complex and challenging process that requires a holistic approach to balance conflicting design requirements, handle the complexity of the design space, and access significant computational resources. Despite these challenges, the benefits of MDO are significant, leading to more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective designs. As technology continues to advance, MDO is expected to play an increasingly important role in modern engineering, ultimately leading to the development of better products and systems across a wide range of industries.。

Ka波段三路波导功分器／合路器任重;成海峰;徐建华;罗运生【摘要】文章设计了一种可以使用在固态合成发射机上的三路等分功率波导功分器／合路器。

在波导分支定向耦合器的基础上，增加一路副线波导，构成了一个一路输入、一路直通、两路耦合、两路隔离的六端口网络；采用增加波导长度的方式解决了实际应用中的相位补偿问题。

另外在功分器的三路输出端增加了微带部分以提高功分器的可调试性。

实际测量数据基本符合仿真结果：在1GHz带宽内，功分器的一路插损小于6dB，输入驻波小于1．6；合路器的一路插损小于4．9dB，输出驻波小于1．3。

其性能满足使用要求。

文章最后对该类型的波导功分器／合路器的设计提出若干改进方案。

%A waveguide power splitter/combiner of three equal ways used on solid-state power combined transmitters is designed in this paper. Based on 3dB branch waveguide coupler, a vice-waveguide is added, which makes up a new six ports network with one input way, one direct output way, two coupled ways and two isolated ways.A method by adding the length of waveguide for phase balance is also illuminated. In addition, some microstrip lines are assembled in the splitter to increase the character of debugging. Good agreement has been achieved between the numerical and the experimental results. In band of1GHz, the insert loss （IL） of the splitter is less than 6dB, and the input VSWR is less than 1.6; the IL of the combiner is less than 4.9 dB, and the output VSWR is less than 1.3. It meets the requirement well. Some methods for improving the attribute of the splitter/combiner have been brought up in the end.【期刊名称】《电子与封装》【年(卷),期】2012(012)005【总页数】6页(P22-27)【关键词】波导功分器／合路器;三路合成／分配;插损;相位补偿【作者】任重;成海峰;徐建华;罗运生【作者单位】南京电子器件研究所,南京210016;南京电子器件研究所,南京210016;南京电子器件研究所,南京210016;南京电子器件研究所,南京210016【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN4021 引言近年来，随着固态功率合成技术的大量应用，对功分器/合路器性能的要求也越来越高。

10.16638/ki.1671-7988.2018.21.028基于Dynaform的回弹控制及优化设计何斌1，邢昌2（1.安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司，安徽合肥230000；2.安徽工程大学，安徽芜湖241000）摘要：为了解决金属板料成型中的弯曲回弹问题，文章利用Dynaform对U形件的成型过程以及产生的回弹进行模拟仿真分析，并从工艺参数、模具结构、弯曲件结构设计等方面得出控制与减小回弹的方法，为提高冲压件的质量、缩短产品开发周期以及回弹问题的控制与优化提供了参考和指导。

关键词：Dynaform；弯曲回弹；模拟仿真；U形件；回弹控制中图分类号：U462 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-7988(2018)21-79-03Springback Control And Optimum Design Based on DynaformHe Bin1, Xing Chang2（1.Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Co., Ltd, Anhui Hefei 230000;2.Anhui Polytechnic University, Anhui Wuhu 241000 )Abstract:In order to solve the problem of bending springback in sheet metal of forming, Using Dynaform to simulate the forming process and springback of U-shape part, it comes to the method of control and reduce springback form the process parameters, tool structure, the structure of bending parts etc. And it provides a reference and guidance for improving the quality of stamping parts, shortening the product development cycle and controlling and optimizing the springback problem. Keywords: Dynaform; Bending Springback; Simulation; U-shaped part; Springback controlCLC NO.: U462 Document Code: A Article ID: 1671-7988(2018)21-79-03前言随着汽车工业的发展以及轻量化技术的应用，高强度的冲压薄板件和铝合金板材的使用占比越来越高，而在这些冲压薄板件成型过程中，弯曲回弹的控制及攻关一直是炙手可热的课题。

Designation Quality Process Requirement (QPR) for Design for EnvironmentDocument key Pages A2C00909200AAA 2 of 8 Continental Corporation Copyright ( C ) Continental AG 2007 A4:2007-12 T r a n s m i t t a l , r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d /o r e d i t i n g o f t h i s d o c u m e n t a s w e l l a s u t i l i z a t i o n o f i t s c o n t e n t s a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n t h e r e o f t o o t h e r sw i t h o u t e x p r e s s a u t h o r i z a t i o n a r e p r o h i b i t e d . O f f e n d e r s w i l l b e h e l d l i a b l ef o r p a y m e n t o f d a m ag e s . A l l r i gh t s c r e a t e d b y p a t e n t g r a n t o r r e gi s t r a t i o n o f a u t i l i t y m o d e l o r d e s i g n p a t e n t a r e r e s e r v e d . Table of contents1Scope 3 1.1General 31.2Abbreviations 3 2Marking of Basic Material 4 3Prohibited Substances and REACH 5 3.1GADSL 5 3.2REACH 5 4Material Reporting in IMDS 6 5Reference 8 5.1Normative references 8 5.2Record of changes8 5.3 Team 8Designation Quality Process Requirement (QPR) for Design for EnvironmentDocument key Pages A2C00909200AAA 3 of 8 Continental Corporation Copyright ( C ) Continental AG 2007 A4:2007-12 T r a n s m i t t a l , r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d /o r e d i t i n g o f t h i s d o c u m e n t a s w e l l a s u t i l i z a t i o n o f i t s c o n t e n t s a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n t h e r e o f t o o t h e r sw i t h o u t e x p r e s s a u t h o r i z a t i o n a r e p r o h i b i t e d . O f f e n d e r s w i l l b e h e l d l i a b l ef o r p a y m e n t o f d a m ag e s . A l l r i gh t s c r e a t e d b y p a t e n t g r a n t o r r e gi s t r a t i o n o f a u t i l i t y m o d e l o r d e s i g n p a t e n t a r e r e s e r v e d . 1 ScopeThis Quality Process Requirements (QPR) describes the requirements of Continental Automotive, which must be met by Supplier under aspects of product- related protection of the environment.This document supersedes all previous former TEMIC or CONTINENTAL TEMIC or CONTINENTAL TEVES or SIEMENS VDO and Motorola (ACES) environmental systems requirements manuals (e.g. FRA-05112528 11.07.05; FRA-07110105 08.02.07; FRA-08114998 08.09.08).1.1 GeneralSuppliers are obligated to contribute to the implementation of environmental requirements in product design by:• Active involvement in working out optimum solutions for minimizing the potential impact of components on the environment over the automobile life cycle. The automobile life cycle comprises the production of raw materials and semi components, the manufacturing of components and vehicles and their use and recycling.• Providing information on environmental aspects of the components supplied and their composition in terms of type and amount upon request.• Providing information on the recyclability of the components supplied on request.1.2Abbreviations IMDS International Material Data System REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals GADSL Global Automotive Declarable Substance List IPC Industrial Printed Circuits (now: Association Connecting Electronics Industries) IC Integrated Circuits PPAP Production Part Approval Process PPF Produktionsprozess- und Produktfreigabe PSW Part Submission WarrantDesignation Quality Process Requirement (QPR) for Design for EnvironmentDocument key Pages A2C00909200AAA 4 of 8 Continental Corporation Copyright ( C ) Continental AG 2007 A4:2007-12 T r a n s m i t t a l , r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d /o r e d i t i n g o f t h i s d o c u m e n t a s w e l l a s u t i l i z a t i o n o f i t s c o n t e n t s a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n t h e r e o f t o o t h e r sw i t h o u t e x p r e s s a u t h o r i z a t i o n a r e p r o h i b i t e d . O f f e n d e r s w i l l b e h e l d l i a b l ef o r p a y m e n t o f d a m ag e s . A l l r i gh t s c r e a t e d b y p a t e n t g r a n t o r r e gi s t r a t i o n o f a u t i l i t y m o d e l o r d e s i g n p a t e n t a r e r e s e r v e d . 2 Marking of Basic MaterialTo promote the recovery of high-grade materials in connection with the recycling of end-of-life vehicles, components shall be labelled to show their composition unless technical or economic reasons render this difficult or impossible.Components made from plastics or elastomers shall be labelled. Labelling is obligatory if the weight exceeds 100 g (plastic parts) or 200 g (elastomers). Labelling should be in accordance with the following international standards:• ISO 11469: Plastics – Generic identification and marking of plastics products • ISO 1043-1: Plastics - Nomenclature, Part 1: Basis-Polymers• ISO 1043-2: Plastics - Nomenclature, Part 2: Fillers • ISO 1043-4: Plastics - Nomenclature, Part 4: Flame resistant• ISO 1629: Rubber and latices - NomenclatureOther basic material shall be marked in accordance with VDA Recommendation 260 " Vehicle components – Marking of material ". Large plastic components may have to be labelled at more than one point in order to reduce the cost of transportation in connection with the recycling of end-of-life vehicles by cutting the component into several smaller parts.Designation Quality Process Requirement (QPR) for Design for EnvironmentDocument key Pages A2C00909200AAA 5 of 8 Continental Corporation Copyright ( C ) Continental AG 2007 A4:2007-12 T r a n s m i t t a l , r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d /o r e d i t i n g o f t h i s d o c u m e n t a s w e l l a s u t i l i z a t i o n o f i t s c o n t e n t s a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n t h e r e o f t o o t h e r sw i t h o u t e x p r e s s a u t h o r i z a t i o n a r e p r o h i b i t e d . O f f e n d e r s w i l l b e h e l d l i a b l ef o r p a y m e n t o f d a m ag e s . A l l r i gh t s c r e a t e d b y p a t e n t g r a n t o r r e gi s t r a t i o n o f a u t i l i t y m o d e l o r d e s i g n p a t e n t a r e r e s e r v e d . 3Prohibited Substances and REACH 3.1 GADSLThe Global Automotive Declarable Substances List (GADSL) is the outcome of a global cooperation between the automotive, automotive parts supplier and chemical industries. All substances listed in the GADSL are subject to declaration requirements. Substances identified as prohibited in the GADSL are only allowed to use within the GADSL thresholds. The latest valid edition of the GADSL is available under the following internet address:Global Automotive Declarable Substances List (GADSL): According to the EU Directive on End-of-Life Vehicles 2000/53/EC (Article 4(2)), the use of lead (Pb),mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) is restricted to the applications listed in the latest valid edition of Annex II of the directive under the stipulated conditions. The supplier is obligated to meet these requirements. Further information:• EU Directive on End-of-Life Vehicles 2000/53/EC http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/elv_index.htm• Latest version of Annex II of the EU Directive on End-of-Life Vehicles http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ [search for “end-of life vehicles” in connection with “Annex II”]3.2 REACHContinental Automotive expect its Suppliers, supplying to any Continental Automotive plant in the European Union, to pre-register all required substances and preparations in time and to complete registration before end of transitional period according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The registration can be done either by supplier himself or by a third party representative if the supplier is located outside the European Union. In case the supplier withdraws a product from the market, he has to inform Continental Automotive Divisions immediately. The substances listed in appendix 14 must not be supplied to Continental after the expiration date.Designation Quality Process Requirement (QPR) for Design for EnvironmentDocument key Pages A2C00909200AAA 6 of 8 Continental Corporation Copyright ( C ) Continental AG 2007 A4:2007-12 T r a n s m i t t a l , r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d /o r e d i t i n g o f t h i s d o c u m e n t a s w e l l a s u t i l i z a t i o n o f i t s c o n t e n t s a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n t h e r e o f t o o t h e r sw i t h o u t e x p r e s s a u t h o r i z a t i o n a r e p r o h i b i t e d . O f f e n d e r s w i l l b e h e l d l i a b l ef o r p a y m e n t o f d a m ag e s . A l l r i gh t s c r e a t e d b y p a t e n t g r a n t o r r e gi s t r a t i o n o f a u t i l i t y m o d e l o r d e s i g n p a t e n t a r e r e s e r v e d . 4 Material Reporting in IMDSThe complete composition of components and materials shall be reported by creating material data sheets in the International Material Data System (IMDS). The material data sheets have to be created in accordance with the reporting requirements of the IMDS Steering Committee in force at the time.• International Material Data System (IMDS): If all necessary data concerning the composition of the products to be reported is already on file at Continental Automotive in a suitable form which can be electronically processed, then ContinentalAutomotive may decide to waive the reporting obligation of the respective parts supplier. In the absence of such a decision the reporting responsibility rests with the supplier. A simplified material reporting based on IMDS Recommendation 019 may be used for electronic components.Simplified material reporting means: For electronic components with a weight below 5g that will bemounted to a printed circuit board, an IPC 1752 or umbrella spec. declaration may be submitted instead of a complete IMDS datasheet. If an electronic part contains substances that are declarable according to GADSL but are not covered in the recommendation 019 material (e.g. GaAs die in an IC), the supplier is obliged to inform Continental Automotive by sending an IMDS data sheet.In case the IMDS Recommendation itself changes this method of material reporting has to be adjusted accordingly. On request by Continental the full IMDS submission needs to be applied without simplified reporting.Electronic componentWeight less than 5g Selfassurance of con-formance with environmental requirements by suppliers Reporting by Umbrella Spec or IPC (supplier has to assure, that Umbrella Spec could be used)Reporting via IMDS NoYes Yes NoDesignation Quality Process Requirement (QPR) for Design for EnvironmentDocument key Pages A2C00909200AAA 7 of 8 Continental Corporation Copyright ( C ) Continental AG 2007 A4:2007-12 T r a n s m i t t a l , r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d /o r e d i t i n g o f t h i s d o c u m e n t a s w e l l a s u t i l i z a t i o n o f i t s c o n t e n t s a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n t h e r e o f t o o t h e r sw i t h o u t e x p r e s s a u t h o r i z a t i o n a r e p r o h i b i t e d . O f f e n d e r s w i l l b e h e l d l i a b l ef o r p a y m e n t o f d a m ag e s . A l l r i gh t s c r e a t e d b y p a t e n t g r a n t o r r e gi s t r a t i o n o f a u t i l i t y m o d e l o r d e s i g n p a t e n t a r e r e s e r v e d .Continental Automotive may request the part supplier to confirm in writing that he complies with the legal requirements concerning prohibited substances in order to protect Continental Automotive against litigation. This confirmation may be worded along the lines of the following examples:• “The scope of supply is free from heavy metals as defined in 2000/53/EC“• “The scope of supply is free from brominated flame retardants as defined in 2003/11/EC“• "The scope of supply is free from prohibited substances as defined in the Global Automotive Declarable Substances List (GADSL)“Material reporting must be submitted with the delivery of first sample. In case of changes a re-submission is required. IMDS IDs of the approved material data sheets (MDS) are to be referred to in the PPAP/PPF (PSW) documents.Designation Quality Process Requirement (QPR) for Design for EnvironmentDocument key Pages A2C00909200AAA 8 of 8 Continental Corporation Copyright ( C ) Continental AG 2007 A4:2007-12 T r a n s m i t t a l , r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d /o r e d i t i n g o f t h i s d o c u m e n t a s w e l l a s u t i l i z a t i o n o f i t s c o n t e n t s a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n t h e r e o f t o o t h e r sw i t h o u t e x p r e s s a u t h o r i z a t i o n a r e p r o h i b i t e d . O f f e n d e r s w i l l b e h e l d l i a b l ef o r p a y m e n t o f d a m ag e s . A l l r i gh t s c r e a t e d b y p a t e n t g r a n t o r r e gi s t r a t i o n o f a u t i l i t y m o d e l o r d e s i g n p a t e n t a r e r e s e r v e d . 5Reference 5.1Normative references 2000/53/EC EU Directive on End-of-Life Vehicles (incl. latest version of Annex II) 2003/11/ECEU Directive on the restriction of brominated flame retardants 2003/138/ECEU Decision establishing component and material coding standards for vehicles GADSLGlobal Automotive Declarable Substances List ( ) VDA 260Vehicle components – Marking of material VDA Band 2Quality Assurance of Supplies DIN EN ISO 11469Marking of plastic products ISO 18064Thermoplastic elastomers – Nomenclature ISO 1043-1,2,4Plastics - Nomenclature ISO 1629Rubber and latices – Nomenclature 1907/2006XVI REACHEU directives may be downloaded in the internet under http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex .VDA documents may be ordered under www.vda.de , ISO standards under www.beuth.de5.2 Record of changesRevision Date AuthorsReason of the changes Paragraph and chapter modified A 2012-07-20 Stefan Dullynew document all5.3 Team Name Department email Phone Stefan Dully CQE A QEP Stefan.Dully@ +49-69-7603-5864 Gerold Will CQE A SQM E3 Gerold.Will@ +49 6073-12-4815 Thomas Schmidt CQE A SQM E5 Thomas.4.Schmidt@ +49 941-790-7226 Michael Krause CQE A SQM M Michael.3.Krause@ +49 69-7603-5453。

Connected PlantUniSim ®Design SuiteProduct Information NoteProcess modelling software for process design, simulation, safety studies, operations monitoring and debottlenecking, process optimization and business planning.WHY DO CUSTOMERS CHOOSE OUR SOLUTION?The Challenge: Optimum Process DesignsEngineers in the oil and gas, refining, petrochemical and chemical industries must optimize their work to ensure safe and cost-effective process designs. Optimum designs must be accurately identified, to ensure companies comply with regulations and at the same time maximize their business performance. Process engineers are challenged with making timely business decisions while meeting the business objectives of designing and operating efficient, safe and profitable plants. The Opportunity: Linking Business Objectives to Process DesignUniSim Design process modeling is a powerful technology that enablesdecision makers and engineers to link critical business objectives to process design, by: ∙ Utilizing the same technology and process model throughout a project or plant asset lifecycle by different functions and for multiple purposes. ∙ Ensuring process equipment is properly specified to deliver desired product throughput and specifications.∙Performing ‘what -if’ scenarios and sensitivity analyses to identify the optimal design based on operating and business targets. ∙ Evaluating the effect of feed changes, upsets and equipment downtime on process safety, reliability and profitability.∙ Improving plant control, operability and safety using dynamic simulation. ∙Monitoring equipment/plant asset performance against expectations. De-bottlenecking Operations with UniSim ® Design. As a true life-cycle simulation application, UniSim ®Design Suite allows process models to be built,updated and used for multiple applications throughout a project or plant asset lifecycle. The same processmodel that is built for a feasibility study, can be re-used and updated for: ∙ Front-end engineering design ∙ Detailed engineering design ∙ Engineering studies ∙Process de-bottlenecking∙ Control and safety system check-out∙Advanced applications such as: Operator Training Simulator, Advanced Process Control, Asset Management and Operations Analysis and Business Support.Best-in-Class SupportOur after-market services engineers, averaging 8 years of UniSim Support experience are: ∙ Responsive ∙ Knowledgeable ∙ Reliable∙ With a solid processengineering background.Robust TechnologyUniSim Design Suite technology is: ∙ Robust ∙ Scalable ∙ Stable ∙ Accurate ∙ Fast∙ A Life-Cycle simulation platform. InnovationLeveraging in-house process, control and software development expertise, we bring to market features: ∙ Developed with users ∙ For the users∙ Adopting best practices & workflowsrecommended by the users.Joint-Development We actively engage in joint programs with customers to: ∙ Address specific customer needs ∙ Accelerate development ∙ Pilot new technologies.Commercially flexible Flexible licensing model aligned with customer expectations in terms of: ∙ Product Options ∙ Access Type ∙ Contract length.T he Solution: UniSim ® Design Suite UniSim Design Suite provides an accurate and intuitive process modeling solution that enables engineers to create steady-state and dynamic models for plant and control design, safetystudies, performance monitoring, troubleshooting, operational improvement, business planning and asset management.UniSim Design Suite helps process industries improve productivity and profitability throughout the plant lifecycle. The powerful simulation and analysis tools, real-time applications and the integrated approach to engineering solutions provided by UniSim Design Suite enables companies to improve designs, optimizeproduction and enhance decision-making. These models may be leveraged into advanced training and optimization solutions provided by theUniSim® Operations and UniSim® Optimizationsuites.PFD (Process Flowsheet Diagram) Modeling Environment.The BenefitsImproved Process DesignsEngineers can rapidly evaluate the most profitable, reliable and safest design. It is estimated that on-site design changes made during commissioning constitute 7 percent of the capital cost of a project. UniSim Design enables engineers to evaluate the impact of their design decisions earlier in theproject. For new designs, UniSim Design enables users to create models quickly to evaluate many scenarios. The interactive environment allows for easy ‘what -if’ studies and sensitivity analysis. The top candidates can be used to create high fidelity models, in which additional equipment and process details ae included.Equipment/Asset Performance MonitoringTo ensure optimal equipment/asset performance,UniSim Design allows users to rapidly determine whether equipment/asset is performing below specification. For example, engineerstroubleshooting or improving plant operations use UniSim Design to assess equipment deficiencies such as heat exchanger fouling, column flooding, and compressor and separation efficiencies. Engineers engaged in retrofit work can quickly evaluate equipment employed in different services or evaluate the consequences of a design basis change.Reduced Engineering CostsSimulating with UniSim Design reducesengineering costs by creating models that can be leveraged throughout the plant lifecycle, from conceptual design to detailed design, rating, training and optimization; providing a work environment that ensures work is completed quickly, effectively and consistently. This avoids the time-consuming and error-prone manual process of transferring, formatting and analyzing production and process data that can account for up to 30 percent of engineering time.FeaturesIn order to operate with maximum effectiveness and provide the necessary insights andknowledge, a process modeling tool must combine ease-of-use with robust engineering power.UniSim Design is built upon proven technologies with more than 30 years’ experience supplying process simulation tools to the oil and gas,refining, petrochemical and chemical industries. Features include:Easy-to-Use Windows EnvironmentPFDs provide a clear and concise graphicalrepresentation of the process flowsheets, including productivity features such as cut, copy, paste, auto connection and organizing large cases into sub-flowsheets.Comprehensive ThermodynamicsEnsure accurate calculation of physical properties, transport properties and phase behavior. UniSim Design contains an extensive componentdatabase and the ability to add user components or modify component properties. It also includes a pure compound database loader system which provides users with direct access to external compound property databases, such as DIPPRUniSim ® Design Suite has an integrated steady-state anddynamics environment and is a true life-cycle simulation platform.(Design Institute of Physical Properties), DDBST (Dortmund Data Bank), and GERG 2008.It offers tremendous flexibility for users to choose compound properties from their preferred sources to meet their needs. A PVT Regression Import Tool reads PVT export files into UniSim Design. In addition a crude manager feature, allows the import and use crude assay databases from excel into UniSim Design. Also, a link to the HaverlyH/CAMS crude manager allows the import of over 2000 crude assays, through the seamless interface between to two products. Finally, 3rd party thermodynamics can be used with UniSim Design through CAPE-OPEN 1.0 and 1.1.Comprehensive Unit Operation Library UniSim Design supports process modeling of separation, reaction, heat transfer, rotating equipment and logical operations in both steady-state and dynamic environments. These models are proven to deliver quality realistic results and handle various situations such as vessel emptying or overflowing and reverse flow.UniSim Design has extended the rotating equipment support to sub-sea unit operations, which include the Wet-Gas Compressor and the Multi-Phase Pump.Active X (OLE Automation) Compliance Permits the integration of user-created unit operations, proprietary reaction kinetic expressions and specialized property packages and interfaces easily; with programs such as Microsoft® Excel® and .NET®.Flexible License ManagerUniSim License Manager supports temporary license locking to laptop computers (commuting), token-based or hybrid (token-network) licensing models, and provides insightful administration tools for monitoring usage and managing access control.OptionsUniSim Design Suite provides maximum flexibility and power to users by using an open architecture which enables industry-specific capabilities to be easily added by Honeywell or third-party suppliers. The following options are available for UniSim Design to help ensure client needs are met and enhance the use of simulation throughout the plant lifecycle.UniSim Dynamic Option provides dynamic simulation capability fully integrated with the UniSim Design environment. A steady-state model can be converted into a dynamic model which offers rigorous and high-fidelity results with very fine level of equipment geometry and performance detail. Special features for dynamic modeling include pressure-flow dynamics, a rich set of control functionality to support process control and detailed process monitoring, cause and effect matrices, and an event scheduler.Crude Modeling in the UniSim Dynamic Option EnvironmentUniSim Flare is a steady state flare and relief network simulator used to design new flare and vent systems from relief valve to flare tip, or to rate existing systems to ensure that they can handle all possible emergency scenarios. UniSim Flare can also be used to debottleneck an existing flare system that no longer meets the need for safe operation in a plant.UniSim Blowdown Customize is a dynamic simulation utility for blowdown studies. It allows for flowsheeting and event scheduling; it has a very detailed heat loss models for vessels and vessel heads and it implements the API 521 6th edition fire method.UniSim PRS is new a standalone tool for sizing and rating PSVs and BDs and surrounding pipes. Originally a UOP internal tool, it is now commercialized and made available to UniSimUniSim® Design Suite supports open architecture through Active X, CAPE-OPEN and OPC compliance.customers. The UniSim PRS interfaces with UniSim Flare for easier data transfer between the two products.UniSim Spiral Wound Tube Bundle Option for accurate dynamic modeling of complex spiral wound tube bundle exchangers commonly found in LNG production.UniSim Design Gasifier Option unlocks the gasifier operation block inside UniSim Design allowing the user to model these complex units in both steady state and dynamic modes.UniSim Heat Exchangers is a suite of products that allow thermal specialists to design, check, simulate, and rate heat exchange equipment rigorously. Used on their own, they enable the determination of the optimum heat exchanger configuration that satisfies all process constraints. Integrated with UniSim Design, opportunities for capital savings in the overall process design may be identified. These products are the result of over 35 years of industry collaboration and research. The heat exchanger products offered in this suite include:∙Shell-Tube Exchanger Modeler∙Crossflow Exchanger Modeler∙Plate-Fin Exchanger Modeler∙Fired Process Heater Modeler∙Plate Exchanger Modeler∙FeedWater Heater Modeler∙Process Pipeline ModelerUniSim ExchangerNet is an advanced tool for the design and optimization of heat exchanger networks. Utilizing advanced optimization technologies, ExchangerNet allows customers to perform pinch analyses as part of capital expenditure projects and ongoing operational optimization work. This leads to optimal process economics between capital and operating costs. UniSim ThermoWorkbench provides userswith the ability to create and analyzethermodynamic packages by regressingparameters against laboratory data and foranalyzing the resulting predicted phase equilibriabehavior. These packages may then be used inUniSim Design or other application using UniSimThermo. UniSim ThermoWorkbench also allowsusers to perform azeotropic calculations formultiple compound systems, and to view resultsusing a number of different graphical tools such asTxy and ternary phase equilibria diagrams.UniSim 3rd Party Options are specialisttechnologies which complement the UniSimDesign Suite through product integration.Honeywell is a reseller for the followingtechnologies:∙HTRI’s XchangerSuite and XSimOp∙OLI’s Electrolytes and Corrosion Monitor∙Schlumberger’s AMSIM, BlackOil, Pipesys, andOLGAS∙AIChE’s DIPPR 801 (2015).In addition, UniSim Design links to a number ofother technologies, such as:∙Schlumbe rger’s OLGA and PIPESIM∙Petroleum Experts’ IPM Suite∙CALSEP’s PVTSim Nova∙Cost Engineering’s Cleopatra Enterprise∙Haverly’s H/CAMS∙KBC’s Multiflash∙MySep’s MySep∙MSE’s Pro-M∙Siemens’ COMOS∙Bentley’s Axsys∙DDBST’s DDBSP∙MS Excel∙Mathwork’s Matlab/Si mulink.UniSim® Design Suiteprovides the besttechnical solution in themarket for processdesign customers,through own-developedproducts or partnershipswith specialist 3rdparties.UniSim® Design Suite R451 System RequirementsPROCESSOR SPEED Minimum: Pentium III 700 MHz Recommended: Pentium IV 2.4 GHz or betterRAM REQUIREMENTS Minimum: 768 MB RAM, 1 GB total memory (RAM + virtual memory) Recommended: 2 GB RAM, 4GB total memory (RAM + virtual memory)DISK SPACE Minimum: 500 MB of free disk spaceDISPLAY Minimum screen resolution: 1024 x 768 Recommended monitor size: 19 inch diagonal measure.DESKTOP CLIENT OPERATING SYSTEM Microsoft Windows 7, 8.x (Home, Business, Ultimate or Enterprise - 32 and 64 bit) Microsoft Windows 10 (32 and 64 bit)SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Microsoft Windows Server 2012DESKTOP WEB BROWSER Microsoft Internet Explorer version 8 Microsoft Internet Explorer version 10MICROSOFT OFFICE COMPATIBILITY Microsoft Office 2013 Microsoft Office 2016 Microsoft Office 365VIRTUALISATION COMPATIBILITY VMWare EXSiFor More InformationLearn more about how Honeywell’s UniSim Design Suite can improve process design, visitwww.hwll.co/uniSimDesign or contact your Honeywell Account Manager or authorized distributor.Honeywell Process Solutions1250 West Sam Houston Parkway South Houston, TX 77042Honeywell House, Arlington Business Park Bracknell, Berkshire, England RG12 1EB UK Shanghai City Centre, 100 Zunyi Road Shanghai, China 200051 PIN-17-01-ENGJanuary 2017© 2017 HoneywellInternational Inc.UniSim Design Suite Support ServicesThis product comes with worldwide, premiumsupport services through our BenefitsGuardianship Program (BGP). BGP is designed tohelp our customers improve and extend the usageof their applications and the benefits they deliver,ultimately maintaining and safeguarding theiradvanced applications.Honeywell provides a complete portfolio of serviceofferings to extend the life of your plant andprovide a cost-effective path forward to the latestapplication technology. Honeywell servicesinclude:∙Standard and Customized Training∙Consulting∙Model Building∙Engineering Studies∙Custom Thermo/Unit OperationsUniSim® Design SuiteHoneywell’s UniSim Design Suite, is part of the UniSim software family ofonline and off-line process design and optimization applications. Givingusers the power to determine process workflows, equipment sizing andrating requirements, UniSim solutions help you capture and share processknowledge, improve plant profitability and maximize returns on investmentsin simulation technology.UniSim Design Suite offers:∙An integrated steady-state and dynamics environment to easily re-use, update and transition the process models throughout a projector plant asset lifecycle.∙ A user-friendly interface which helps engineers to easily accessand visualize the process information and identify trends.∙Built-in industry standards that minimize the need for literaturesearch when sizing and rating equipment.∙Integration with 3rd party specialty technologies which allow for thebest technical solution for process simulation.∙Interfacing capabilities with process historians, DCS & safetysystems, and other advanced applications that maximize thebenefits for green-field, brown-field and revamp projects.Honeywell® and UniSim® are registered trademarks ofHoneywell International Inc.Other brand or product names are trademarks of theirrespective owners.。

optimal和optimum英文辨析《Optimal vs. Optimum: A Comparative Analysis》In the English language, there are often multiple words that have similar meanings but subtle differences in usage. Two such words are “optimal” and “optimum”. While they both refer to the best or most favorable option, there are some key distinctions between the two.The word “optimal” is an adjective that means the most desirable or best possible. It implies that there is a range of options, and the one being described as optimal is the one that offers the greatest benefit or advantage. For example, “The optimal solution to this problem would be to implement a new system.” Here, “optimal” suggests that there are other potential solutions, but the one being proposed is the best among them.On the other hand, “optimum” is also an adjective, but it is often used in a more specific or technical context. It refers to the point or condition at which something is at its best or most efficient. For instance, “The optimum temperature for this chemical reaction is 50 degrees Celsius.”In this case, “optimum” indicates a specific value or range that is considered the most favorable for a particular process or outcome.One way to think about the difference between “optimal” and “optimum” is that “optimal” is more subjective and depends on the specific circumstances or goals, while “optimum” is more objective and based on specific criteria or measurements. Another difference is that “optimal” can be used to describe a wide range of situations, while “optimum” is often used in more specialized fields such as science, engineering, or economics.In some cases, the two words can be used interchangeably, but it is important to be aware of the subtle differences in meaning and usage.Using the wrong word can lead to confusion or a less precise expression of ideas. For example, saying “The optimum solution to this problem is to do nothing” might sound odd, as “optimum” typically implies a specific action or condition that is considered the best. In this case,“optimal” would be a more appropriate choice.To further illustrate the differences between “optimal” and “optimum”,let’s consider a few examples:In a business context, finding the optimal marketing strategywould involve considering various factors such as target audience,budget, and competition. The goal is to identify the approach that is most likely to lead to success. On the other hand, determining the optimum inventory level would involve analyzing data such as sales trends, lead times, and carrying costs to find the level that minimizes costs while meeting customer demand.In a medical setting, choosing the optimal treatment plan for a patient would depend on their specific condition, medical history,and personal preferences. The doctor would aim to select thetreatment that offers the best chance of recovery with the least side effects. However , when it comes to setting the optimumdosage of a medication, it would involve precise calculations based on the patient’s weight, age, and other factors to ensure the most effective and safe treatment.In a sports context, an athlete might strive for the optimalperformance by training hard, eating well, and getting enoughrest. This would involve finding the right balance between different aspects of their training and lifestyle. On the other hand, a coach might look for the optimum lineup or strategy for a particulargame based on the strengths and weaknesses of the team and the opponent.While “optimal” and “optimum” are similar in meaning, they have distinct nuances that can affect their usage. Understanding thesedifferences can help us communicate more precisely and effectively in various contexts. Whether we are discussing business, science, or any other field, choosing the right word can make a significant difference in how our ideas are understood. So, the next time you are faced with a choice between “optimal” and “optimum”, take a moment to consider • • •the specific context and intended meaning to ensure you are using the most appropriate word.。

LG UHD Signage Provides Information EffectivelyThe UM3DF series is a UHD signage that has been optimized for various indoor environments.It features superior UHD quality, slim design, external dust protection, and various convenience for users.Superb Picture QualitySleek and Practical DesignProduct ReliabilityEasy InstallationUHD Signage UM3DF SeriesUHD4KUHD Signage UM3DF SeriesULTRA HD ResolutionWith the resolution that is 4 times higher than FHD, it makes the color and details of the contents more vivid and realistic. In addition, the wide viewing angle applied with LG IPS Panel, provides clear contents with no distortion.SUPERB PICTURE QUALITYHigh Efficiency Video CodingThe UM3DF series supports HEVC* which efficiently compresses/decompresses high-capacity UHD contents, playing ultra-high quality videos with half the network traffic when compared to the existing H.264 codec.* HEVC : High Efficiency Video CodingULTRA HDFULL HDHEVCH.264UHD Signage UM3DF SeriesNarrow Bezel & Slim Depth The UM3DF series has a smaller bezel size and thickness, which saves space and enables easy installation. In addition, it increases the immersive experience from the screen and provides a sophisticated design, improving the décor of the space where the product is installed.SLEEK AND PRACTICAL DESIGNDetachable Logo and Built-in SpeakerThe UM3DF series is equipped with a new transparent logo which is well organized with surroundings. Also, its removable feature gives users flexibility for installation. Contents will be enriched with sound effects from built-in speakers, without the need for purchasing or installing external speakers.9.9mm43" 8.4mm39.9mmUHD Signage UM3DF SeriesIP5x Certified Design The IP5x Dust-Proof Certification ensures that the product is completely protected from dust, eliminating the risk of performance degradation. PRODUCT RELIABILITY30° Tilting InstallationThe UM3DF series supports 30-degree installation* when placed at a high area, in consideration of the user’scomfort for viewing.Guarantee 30° TiltIP5x* Only supports the landscape installationUHD Signage UM3DF SeriesAuto Screen Rotation The UM3DF series automatically detects its orientation (landscape or portrait mode) in the initial installation step, so manual rotation set-up process isn't required. The direction of OSD and background contents will be already set when you turn on a display at first.EASY INSTALLATIONFine AdjustmentThe UM3DF series is equipped with a "horizontal sensor" which shows users how the device is tilt, so that it can be precisely installed.UM3DF seriesConventionalAuto RotationManual Rotation(Off On)0°3°5°UHD SignageUM3DF SeriesRemote MonitoringThe UM3DF series can email notifications to users when there is aproblem, such as tilting of the product by external impact, so users can operate the product in a safer manner as they can get the information about the problem right away.USER CONVENIENCESimple AccessibilityUnlike previous models where various buttons have to be pressed for control, the UM3DF series provides a single joystick to easily facilitatepower on/off, input/setting operation, volume control, etc.High-Performance with webOS Built-in Quad Core SoC can execute several tasks at once while providing smooth content playback without the need for a media player. Also LG webOS platform enhances user convenience with intuitive GUI and simple app development tools.Various Sensor ApplicationsLG webOS smart signage platform easily supports connections with external sensors such as GPIO, NFC/RFID, temperature sensors, etc, via USB plug-in. The overall cost for maintenance is reduced as there's no need to purchase additional software or media players for creating value-added solutions.Temperature & HumidityOptical Sensor GPIONFC/RFID Pressure No need for a media player or software.Thermal Printer SCAP Libraries Software Development Kit Sample ApplicationsCompatibility with AV Control System The UM3DF series has been certified Crestron Connected ® for high compatibility with professional AV controls to achieve seamlessintegration and automated control*, boosting business management efficiency.Compatibility with Video Conference SystemFor the optimum visual meeting, the UM3DF series has certified its compatibility with Cisco System that offers powerful and integrated control* for a smarter video conference, eliminating a waste of time for setting up the picture quality or changing input on incoming calls.* Network based control * Using an HDMI cable connectionUHD Signage UM3DF SeriesDIMENSION CONNECTIVITY(unit: mm)65”49”55”43”1,453.31,098.6576.7399.339.939.9300300576.7399.3844644.5832.8633.3300264.2255.7164.4300279.6168.9268.71,234.4962.5467.2381.2539.939.9300200467.2381.25720.9568709.7556.8202.6175.4300200207.1181.478123546LAN HDMI IN1HDMI IN2DP IN IR & LIGHT SENSOR USB IN AUDIO IN AUDIO OUT RS-232C IN RS-232C OUTDP OUT HDMI IN3DVI-D IN99781235101011111212131346* Dimensions & Jack Panels (Read/Side) may differ from the above image, so please contact LG sales team to verify before ordering.65” 55” 49” 43”UHD SignageUM3DF SeriesSPECIFICATIONS1) Network based control 2) Compatibility may differ by equipment。

Quiz 1安全管理Safety management 事故致因accident causation不安全行为Unsafe behavior 不安全状态 unsafe state企业安全文化organization’s safety culture 安全的工作环境safety working environment事故致因模型accident causation models 风险 risk事故预防Accident prevention 安全口号safety slogan系统安全工程System safety engineering 安全度degree of safety1、The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers’ health and safety at work.最重要的目的是维护安全管理,促进工人的健康和安全工作。

2、Many research results also show that the traditional promotion methods like campaigns; poster and safety slogans have seldom increased the use of safe work practices.许多研究结果还表明,传统的促销手段如运动、海报和安全口号很少增加使用安全工作实践。

3、Loss prevention is a concept that is often used in the context of hazard control in process industry.损失预防是常用于过程工业危害控制的情况下的一个概念。

4、System safety concepts are based on the idea that an optimum degree of safety can be achieved within the constraints of system effectiveness.系统安全概念是基于这个理念,一个系统有效性的约束范围内,可以实现最佳的安全程度。

Product catalogueCopeland Scroll ™ compressorZFKQ for Refrigeration Applications2TM Emerson developed the ZFKQ range of Copeland Scroll TM compressors to provide the best performance in low temperatures. The series has a wide application envelope that can operate from -40°C to +7°C evaporating temperature. Its optimized design perfectly fits frozen food application requirements while its scroll compliance mechanism makes it highly tolerant of liquid slugging.The range consists of:• The ZF*KQE models that operate with liquid injection in order to control discharge temperature and extend the operating envelope. • The ZFI*KQE models that are optimized for vapor injection with the use of a subcooler. This boosts the refrigeration system's cooling capacity and efficiency.High efficiency all year round• The unique Copeland Compliant Scroll design patented by Emerson operates under continuous scroll flank contact, maintained by centrifugal force. This minimizes gas leakage while maximizing efficiency.• With its capability for condensing operation down to 4°C on low temperature applications, Copeland Scroll technology provides the best seasonal efficiencies.• Equipped with dynamic discharge valve that allows the discharge gas to reach desired pressure. This helps reduce efficiency loss by preventing gas re-compression.• The vapor injection technology allows ZFI*KQE compressors to perform higher efficiency than single-stage compressors at low temperature operation condition. Thus makes ZFI*KQE the best in-class performance.Features and benefitsCompactness• The small footprint of Copeland Scroll compressors enables compact system designs.• Weight and dimensions for refrigeration equipment is reduced with increased capacity per compressorweight.3Table of contents4Robustness and reliability• The Copeland Compliant Scroll design is tolerant to stresses caused by liquid slugging, flooded starts and debris commonly found in refrigeration systems.• Easy to service and maintain due to their compact size and lightweight, simple design.• Engineered for optimum performance with today’s chlorine-free refrigerants.• The Copeland Scroll compressor design has several inherent reliability advantages:• Redesigned suction gas flow results in lower oil circulation and better motor cooling.• EVI CoreSense™ Control kits provide advanced features to ensure optimum system operation.- 70% fewer moving parts than reciprocating compressors- Axial & radial scroll compliance provides improved liquid handling capability- Hermetic design reduces leak potentialSmooth operation• All Copeland Scroll compressors are designed with a discharge check valve that isolates the high pressure discharge gas. This allows the compressor to start unloaded, resulting in low inrush currents.• Smooth operations are made possible by the continuous compression process. This generates less vibration than reciprocating technology.Delivers unmatched energy efficiency: 5%–20% improvement• Motor, scroll and bearing redesign minimize annual energy consumption.• Precision machined scrolls provide the highest isentropic efficiency and wear-in for improved performance over time.• New valving technology adjusts the scroll compression ratio based on operating condition, significantly improving low ambient performance.• Using vapor injection improves system capacity by 50% and efficiency by 20% on average at the low temperature rating condition.Compressor protection• ZF*KQE and ZFI*KQE compressors are supplied with internal thermal protectors that prevent motor overheating in case of loss of phase or low refrigerant charge.• The ZF*KQE models that operate with liquid injection through DTC Valve in order to control the discharge temperature.• The ZFI*KQE models that can operate with Emerson EVI CoreSense™ control kits in order to control vapor injection superheat as well as a safe discharge temperature.5Base capacity @ LT rating(Btu/h) @ 60Hz (ARI)Low temperature refrigerationNomenclatureZ F I 20 K Q E - T F D - X X XLubricantBlank Mineral oil EPOE oilBill of materialGenerationScroll familyBase capacity multiplierK1,000TechnologyIVapor injection BlankLiquid injectionElectricalMotor type T Three-phase motor Motor protection W External electronic protection F Internal inherent protection Electrical codes50 Hz 60 Hz 7–380 V C 200 V 208-230 V D 380-420 V 460 VBill of materialRemarks: See technical data sheet for the detailed connection sizeZF06-ZF49KQE only provide Rotalock connection to liquid injection fitting for the installation of DTC valve *Except ZF28KQE-TFC and ZFI39KQE-TFC6Operating envelopesZF06 - 18KQEZFI20-26KQER22ZF25-41KQEZFI36-59KQEZF49KQEZFI68KQELiquid injectionVapor injection05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)Note: 20°C return gas + liquid injection Note:20°C return gas + vapor injection7R404A/R507Operating envelopesLiquid injectionVapor injectionZF06 - 18KQEZFI20 - 26KQEZF25 - 41KQEZFI36 - 59KQEZF49KQEZFI68KQE05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)18.3°C Return Gas + Liquid injection05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)05101520253035404550556065-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5510C o n d e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e (°C )Evaporating temperature (°C)Note:20°C return gas + liquid injection Note:20°C return gas + vapor injectionProduct line-upR404A - 50HzR404A - 60HzNotes: Based on low temperature cold room conditions: -25°C evaporating, 45°C condensing and 20°C return gas temperature.Preliminary data for ZF54, ZFI23, ZFI81. Release date to be announced.81. Q for capacity; P for power. Units in kW2. All ZF*KQE values are rated at return gas temperature: 20°C and subcooling: 0 K91. Q for capacity, P for power. Units in kW; LO for liquid out temperature in °C2. All ZF*KQE values are rated at return gas temperature: 20°C and max subcooling 10TF7: 380 V ; 3-Phase, 60 Hz TFC: 200 V ; 3-Phase, 60 Hz TFD: 380-420 V ; 3-Phase, 60 HzLiquid injectionNotes:1. Q for capacity; P for power. Units in kWTF7: 380 V ; 3-Phase, 60 HzTFC: 200 V ; 3-Phase, 60 HzTFD: 380-420 V ; 3-Phase, 60 HzVapor injection Array1. Q for capacity, P for power. Units in kW; LO for liquid out temperature in °CTFC: 200 V ; 3-Phase, 50 Hz TFD: 380-420 V ; 3-Phase, 50 Hz Liquid injection1. Q for capacity; P for power. Units in kWTFC: 200 V ; 3-Phase, 50 HzTFD: 380-420 V ; 3-Phase, 50 HzVapor injection Array1. Q for capacity, P for power. Units in kW; LO for liquid out temperature in °CNotes:1. Q for capacity; P for power. Units in kW1. Q for capacity, P for power. Units in kW; LO for liquid out temperature in °CEVI CoreSense control kits IntroductionThe EVI CoreSense control kit of ZFI compressor is intended to control vapor injection, maintain a safe discharge temperature, and provide intelligent diagnosis and protection.The kit includes a printed circuit board (PCB), an electronic expansion valve (EXV), and three sensors, as well as containing atransformer and an EXV filter. All parts are common, except the EXV valve orifice size, which will be applied to different ZFI models. In vapor injection application, the valve is driven by sensors mounted near the heat exchanger and attempts to maintain the vapor outlet sensor 5K higher than the vapor inlet. The system will switch to discharge line temperature control if vapor injection is insufficient to maintain a safe discharge temperature. If the discharge temperature becomes dangerously high, the system will stop the compressor, turn on an LED alarm, and trigger a voltage free alarm relay contact. The compressor can auto-reset, but not lockout.Emerson provides customer EVI CoreSense control kits with and without CoreSense box.EVI CoreSense™ control kits and wiring diagramPrinted circuit boardWear a ground strap when working with the PCB to avoid the risk of damage from static discharges.General PCB layout, input and output ports are shown in the image below, the ports to EXV, DLT, as well as the vapor in and vapor out sensors are done with Poka-yoke connector design. Connect sensors, EXV, and system wiring as shown in wiring diagram.The PCB is supplied power through a transformer with a power input of 50/60Hz, 220VAC, and an output of 12VAC to the PCB board.For EVI control kits with CoreSense box, the board and transformer are both mounted in the box, using 4x05mm holes at 61x101mm centers, fastened by screws. Spare part number is 543-0189-01 for field service.For EVI control kits without CoreSense™ box, we provide individual parts for compact system design. The board is with 4 xØ4mm holes at 61 x 101mm centers, please use plastic stakes provided. Spare part number is 543-0219-01 for field service.LED 2LED 3Board power supply input terminalsCompressor start/stop input signal EXV driver output portsDLT sensor input ports Vapor in sensor input ports Vapor out sensor input portsDip-switch settingThe dip-switch default setting has been done in-factory, please do not change setting and ensure that the replacement board is set correctly.For the glide-refrigerants application like R407A, R407F, R407C, we would recommend 10K superheat. Please contact your local Emerson sales and application engineer to reset the dip-switch.LED functionsLED1 (yellow-green)LED1will light up during initialization after power on, after that, blinking lights will indicate the sensor status.LED2, LED3 (yellow-green)LED2 and LED3 will blink once when entering or exiting EXV manual operation, and also indicate EXV opening and closing.LED4 (red color) alarmwill turn on when alarm is triggered by the following itemsLED4The EVI kits include 3 temperature sensors. Please ensure all sensors are mounted in the correct locations, fastened, and insulated properly.The discharge temperature sensor should be installed approximately 178mm (7 inches) from discharge tube outlet. If a service valve is installed at the discharge tube, the sensor should be located 127mm (5 inches) from the valve braze.The vapor in sensor is connected to the pipe between the EXV and PHE. The vapor out sensor is connected to the pipe from thePHE to the compressor vapor injection port. Please don’t make the vapor in and vapor out sensor location reversed.Electronic expansion valve (EXV)The EXV contains an EXV-valve and EXV-coil, lead wire length for coil is 1796mm, the valve size includes Ø1.3mm, Ø1.65mm and Ø1.8mm depending on system size, applied to different ZFI models.The liquid refrigerant should pass from the bending tube and flow out from the straight tube. Please weld the filter before the EXV provided along with the kits.ZFI standard control box wiring exampleCables fixed by ribbonControl boardTransformerTerminal123A B C D EFWiring diagramPlate heat exchanger (PHE)and liquid line temperatureMount plate heat exchanger in the vertical position and oriented correctly. Ensure that sensors are located correctly as well.ZFI vapor injection compressors can deliver very cold liquid with economizer cycle. The sub-cooling of liquid line calls for these recommendations:1. Liquid line pipe connecting the economizer to theevaporator expansion valve should be well-insulatedseparately.2. The lower liquid line temperature can increase theevaporator valve capacities. Please follow the valvemanufacturer's recommended liquid temperaturecorrection factors for proper selection of evaporatorRotalock connectionNotes:(1) All tolerances ± 1.5mm [0.06in] unless otherwise specified(2) Due to accumulated assembly tolerances, the listed components may vary from the mounting holes. All fittings: ± 3.0mm [0.12in]Rotalock connectionNotes:(1) All tolerances ± 1.5mm [0.06in] unless otherwise specified(2) Due to accumulated assembly tolerances, the listed components may vary from the mounting holes. All fittings: ± 3.0mm [0.12in]Rotalock connectionNotes:(1) All tolerances ± 1.5mm [0.06in] unless otherwise specified(2) Due to accumulated assembly tolerances, the listed components may vary from the mounting holes. All fittings: ± 3.0mm [0.12in]Rotalock connectionNotes:(1) All tolerances ± 1.5mm [0.06in] unless otherwise specified(2) Due to accumulated assembly tolerances, the listed components may vary from the mounting holes. All fittings: ± 3.0mm [0.12in]Rotalock connectionNotes:(1) All tolerances ± 1.5mm [0.06in] unless otherwise specified(2) Due to accumulated assembly tolerances, the listed components may vary from the mounting holes. All fittings: ± 3.0mm [0.12in]Stub tube connectionZF28KQE-TFC and ZFI39KQE-TFC (BOM 580) Stub tube connectionStub tube connectionStub tube connectionZF49KQE-TFD/TF7 (BOM569) Stub tube connectionZF49KQE-TFC and ZFI68KQE-TFC (BOM569) Stub tube connectionStub tube connectionStub tube connectionLiquid injection schematicVapor injection schematic*PHE: Plate heat exchangerGeneral informationTechnical data are correct at the time of printing. Updates may occur, and should you need confirmation of a specific value, please contact Emerson clearly stating the information required.Emerson cannot be held responsible for errors in capacities, dimensions, etc., stated herein. Products, specifications and data in this literature are subject to change without notice.The information given herein is based on data and tests which Emerson believes to be reliable and which are in accordance with today’s technical knowledge. It is intended for use by persons having the appropriate technical knowledge and skill, at their own discretion and risk. Our products are designed and adapted for fixed locations. For mobile applications, failures may occur.The suitability for this has to be assured from the plant manufacturer, which may include making appropriate tests.Note:The components listed in this catalogue are not released for use with caustic, poisonous or flammable substances. Emerson cannot be held responsible for any damage caused by using these substances. About EmersonEmerson (NYSE: EMR), headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri (USA), is a global technology and engineering company providing innovative solutions for customers in industrial, commercial, and residential markets. Our Emerson Automation Solutions business helps process, hybrid, and discrete manufacturers maximize production, protect personnel and the environment while optimizing their energy and operating costs. Our Emerson Commercial and Residential Solutions business helps ensure human comfort and health, protect food quality and safety, advance energy efficiency, and create sustainable infrastructure. For more information visit .Asia 02 A01 03 - R00 Issued 5/2017 - GSCAA035Asia Pacific HeadquartersEmerson Climate Technologies Suite No. 2503-8, 25/F,Exchange Tower, 33 Wang Chiu Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2866 3108Fax: (852) 2520 6227AustraliaEmerson Climate Technologies Australia Pty Ltd356 Chisholm RoadAuburn NSW 2144, Australia Tel: (612) 9795 2800 Fax: (612) 9738 1699China - BeijingEmerson Climate Technologies (Suzhou) Co. Ltd Beijing Sales OfficeRoom 1017 JianWei Building,66 Nan Lishi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, PRCTel: (8610) 5763 0488Fax: (8610) 5763 0499China - GuangzhouEmerson Climate Technologies (Suzhou) Co. LtdGuangzhou Sales Office508-509 R&F Yinglong Plaza, No. 76 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, PRCTel: (8620) 2886 7668Fax: (8620) 2886 7622China - ShanghaiEmerson Climate Technologies (Suzhou) Co. 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Bhd.Level M2, Blk A, Menara PKNS-PJ Jalan Yong Shook Lin46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: (603) 7949 9222Fax: (603) 7949 9333Middle East & AfricaEmerson Climate Technologies PO Box 26382Jebel Ali Free Zone – South Dubai, UAETel: (9714) 811 8100Fax: (9714) 886 5465PhilippinesEmerson Climate Technologies10/F SM Cyber West Avenue, EDSA cor. West Avenue, Barangay Bungad, Diliman, Quezon City 1105 Philippines Tel: (632) 689 7200Saudi ArabiaEmerson Arabia Inc.P.O Box 34332 – 3620 Building 7874Unit 1, 67th street 2nd Industrial City Dammam, Saudi Arabia Toll Free: 8008443426Tel: + 966 3 8147560Fax: + 966 3 8147570South KoreaEmerson Electric Korea Ltd.3F POBA Gangnam Tower343, Hakdong-ro, Gangnam-gu,Seoul 135-820, Republic of Korea Tel: (822) 3483 1500Fax: (822) 592 7883TaiwanEmerson Electric (Taiwan) Co. Ltd 3F No. 122 Lane 235,Pao Chiau Rd., XinDian Dist.,New Taipei City 23145, Taiwan ( R.O.C.) Tel: (8862) 8912 1360 Fax: (8862) 8912 1890 Thailand - BangkokEmerson Electric (Thailand) Ltd 34th Floor, Interlink Tower,1858/133, Bangna Trad,Bangkok 10260, Thailand Tel: (662) 716 4700Fax: (662) 751 4241United Arab EmiratesEmerson Climate Technologies FZE Jebel Ali Free Zone PO Box 26382Dubai UAEToll Free: 8004413428Tel: + 971 4 8118100Fax: + 971 4 8865465VietnamEmerson Commercial & Residential Solutions Level 6, Melinh Point Tower, 2 Ngo Due Ke,District 1, Ho Chi Minh City VietnamTel: (84) 908 009 189Contact listsEmerson Commercial & Residential Solutions@EmersonComResAPScan to visit:Emerson Asia。

空航天科学技术基于伴随算法的翼型优化设计邓建军段治强*邓建华（成都航空职业技术学院四川成都610100）摘　要：本文采用伴随算法和CFD方法对NACA0012翼型进行了以提高升阻比为目的的优化设计，并通过多个计算工况来验证伴随算法的适应性。

计算结果表明，不同攻角下，伴随算法均可有效提升翼型的升阻比，但其优化效率会随着攻角的增加而降低，相比于原始翼型，升阻比最大增加了32.55%，证明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。

通过翼型表面压力系数分布可知，伴随算法主要通过增大翼型下表面压力，减小翼型上表面压力来提升翼型升力，算法简单易行，计算过程稳定可靠。

关键词：伴随算法升阻比优化压强系数计算流体力学中图分类号：V224;TP391.9文献标识码：A文章编号：1674-098X(2022)10(a)-0052-05 Airfoil Optimal Design Based on Adjoint AlgorithmDENG Jianjun DUAN Zhiqiang*DENG Jianhua( Chengdu Aeronautic Polytechnic, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610100 China )Abstract: In this paper, the adjoint algorithm and CFD method are used to optimize the design of NACA0012 airfoil for the purpose of improving the lift-drag ratio, and the adaptability of the adjoint algorithm is verified by several calculation conditions. The calculation results show that the adjoint algorithm can effectively improve thelift-drag ratio of the airfoil at different angles of attack, but its optimization efficiency decreases with the increase of the angle of attack. Compared with the original airfoil, the lift-drag ratio increases by 32.55%, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. According to the distribution of pressure coefficients on the airfoil surface, the adjoint algorithm can improve the airfoil lift mainly by increasing the pressure on the lower sur‐face of the airfoil and reducing the pressure on the upper surface of the airfoil. The algorithm is simple and feasible, and the calculation process is stable and reliable.Key Words: Adjoint algorithm; Lift-drag ratio optimization; Pressure coefficient; Computational fluid dynamics机翼是飞行器产生升力和阻力的重要部件，而翼型的选择和设计对飞行器性能、操纵性及稳定性具有很大的影响。

提高学习效率的英语作文关于提高学习效率的英语作文（通用5篇）在生活、工作和学习中，大家都不可避免地会接触到作文吧，作文是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。

那么你有了解过作文吗？以下是小编为大家整理的关于提高学习效率的英语作文，欢迎大家分享。

提高学习效率的英语作文篇1讲学习的方法，论效率的高低，关键在于课堂，与自身多年以来跌摸滚打，琢磨出来的一套属于自己的学习方法。

一个人学习好不好，会不会学习，大致可以从两个方面看出来，第一，是课上的注意力与认真程度，第二，是总结自身的情况，来制度学习方法，有助于自身对知识的消化与吸收。

俗话说：“课堂是学习的主阵地。

”一节课四十分钟，虽是一个不起眼的数字，但是这四十分钟起着至关重要的作用。

如何为自己分配这四十分钟，也是考验自己是否有学习方法的时候，对于我自己来说，在打预备铃的时候，我通常会把该节课相关的书籍与资料拿出来，先预习这节课老师会讲到的内容，这样在课上就不需要那么费神，也有助于自己更好的消化与吸收该节课知识，科学家说，中学生一节课最专注、最认真的时间只有二十分钟，所以在课前的预习中，要迅速地找出自己不理解或一知半解的知识点，等到老师讲到时就全身心投入地听讲。

拿在老师讲这知识点之前，我们能干些什么呢，当然课上的时间是宝贵的，所以我们要珍惜课上的每一分每一秒，在这段时间中，我们可以拿出相关的练习，来巩固基础的知识，学习就是这样一环扣一环，每一环都不能松懈，才能掌握好该节课的知识，每到重、难点讲到时，我们就要打起十二分精神来听，不能在课堂上放弃自己，自己要给自己争气，不经风雨，怎见彩虹，没有中间吃苦的过程，哪有美好的生活，大部分励志故事都是假的，这些只不过是人们常用来安慰、鼓励自己的一剂药罢了，没有起到实质性的作用，课上不高效，下课无自由，提高自我，需要付出行动。

拥有一套属于自己的.学习方法也很重要，这有便于你以后的学习生涯，早点琢磨出来，自己学起来才会不那么累，毕竟学习注定是一个孤独的过程，没有人能够在其中帮助到你成功，所以自己必须独钻一术，从中找到捷径，捷径人人都会抄，只是抄的方法不同，有人会误入歧途，但是有些人会抄出方法，把原本要很久才能完成的事情，用又短又快的时间完成，这就是有学习方法的人应该有的技能。

A single glance and you are already itching to escape with All-new Sandero Stepway. Its dynamic frontend, powerful wheel rims, new skid plates, and high ground clearance lend it the energetic and robustlook of an authentic crossover. Its LED headlights, Y-shaped brand light and new glossy black grille with white accents around the logo stretch the front end panel and add even more to its personality. Automatic headlighting and wipers give you better visibility. Sandero Stepway, the adventurer that adapts to wherever you want to go.A SENSE OF ADVENTUREBRAND LIGHTAll the technological features you need: climb aboard effortlessly thanks to keyless entry and discover thestyle of the new passenger compartment. Fog Grey, copper and white finishes, special upholstery withwhite borders, height and depth-adjustable seats and steering wheel, adjustable headrests, electric parking brake, closed storage space: practicality and comfort are the watchwords. Connect your smartphone via a USB cable and use your preferred applications on the 8-inch touch screen. The controls, all placed within easy reach, provide maximum ease of access to all functions. Everything is clear.WELL -DESIGNED COMFORT8-INCH TOUCH SCREEN WITH MEDIANA V SPECIAL UPHOLSTERY ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKEDACIA SANDERO STEPW A YAll-new Sandero Stepway overcomes the challenges of everyday life, you can change its large extendibleboot in an instant so you can get away from it all. To do this, fold down the seats with a single touch,adjust the loading capacity as required and live life to the full.Thanks to an ingenious system, effortlessly convert your roof bars into transverse roof bars to fit a roof compartment, a bicycle rack or a ski rack. Ready to take on the world? Let’s Go!PLENTY OF SPACE FOR WHA TEVER YOU W ANT CONVERTED ROOF BARSLONGITUDINAL ROOF BARSA UNIQUE ALL Y IN TOWN DACIA SANDEROTake a look at the completely redesigned All-new Sandero, a combination of robustness and dynamiclines: simply stunning. Its front and rear Y-shaped brand light puts the finishing touches on a strong andmodern identity. Its LED dipped headlights will light up the road at night like never before. The blackradiator grille with white accents adds to its personality.The Sandero spirit you love has also changed with even greater style in the details: the door mirror shells that match the bodywork are a good example. Their redesigned shape provides an optimum aerodynamic design and helps reduce the noise for the people on board.THE POWER OF WHA T IS ESSENTIAL REAR Y-SHAPED BRAND LIGHTDACIA SANDEROA TTRACTIVE MA TERIALS ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKEFrom the moment you step aboard the automatic remote opening makes you feel comfortable ina welcoming and contemporary setting. Its new panoramic dashboard combines elegance and efficiency.The driver-focused dashboard provides easy access to every feature: new intuitive heating and air-conditioning system controls, a built-in 8-inch screen with navigation and smartphone replication via USB cable, a front parking sensor, which warns you of any nearby obstacles, as well as a height and depth-adjustable steering wheel. The electric parking brake proves highly practical for daily use. Refocussing on what is really important is what makes the All-new Sandero so pleasant.KEY POINTS TO HANDBOOT VOLUME: 328 LITRES REAR BENCH SEAT FOLDED DOWN: BOOT VOLUME 1,108 LITRES CENTRAL ARMREST STORAGE: 1.2 LITRESAll-new Sandero perfectly adapts to your life. And it has the resources, with its large boot and rearfolding bench seat to adapt the space according to your requirements. It also comes with a lot ofstorage space: the cup holders, door storage pockets, closed glovebox and storage console perfectlymeet your organisation requirements to help you get through urban turmoil.The increased shoulder width for the driver and leg room for passengers sitting in back provide optimum comfort. All-new Sandero leaves no doubt about its welcoming atmosphere.T AKE CONTROL OF THE SPACEFor Dacia, nothing is more important than constantly improving the safety of our vehicles, and most of all, that of the passengers. You can relax with automatic emergency braking, hill start assistance, six airbags as standard and blind spot sensor. All-new Dacia Sandero and Sandero Stepway provide everything you need for worry-free driving.SAFE EVERY STEP OF THE W A YAUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKINGSometimes, concentrating and being reactive is not enough. You can rely on All-new Sandero to avoid or mitigate minor accidents. Automatic emergency braking detects collision hazards. If you don’t react or at least not quickly enough, the system triggers and optimises braking.BLIND SPOT WARNINGIt’s difficult to see everything when you change lanes. Fitted with front and rear side sensors, your All-new Sandero warns you about any collision hazard with another vehicle to the side or rear.DACIA SANDERO & SANDERO STEPW A YFRONT/REAR PARKING SENSORS AND REAR-VIEW CAMERAIn the city, all parking spaces are worth taking, even the narrowest ones. From the first manoeuvre, you will be convinced by this sensor which gives you both an audible and a visual warning of the slightest obstacle to the front or rear.HILL ST ART ASSISTNo need to stress when you start on a slope! This function immediately prevents the vehicle from moving backwards when you release the brake pedal. You no longer need the parking brake to help you; manoeuvring your vehicle becomes as easy as ABC.ESSENTIAL DACIA SANDEROAMBIANCES MAIN EQUIPMENTEXTERIOR APPEARANCE-15” Steel wheels-New brand identity-Black door handles and mirrors-Body-coloured front and rear bumpers-New grille with white trim-Y-shaped LED lighting signature-LED automatic daytime running lightsINTERIOR APPEARANCE-Essential upholstery-Fog Grey air vent surrounds with white sliders-Black interior door handles-Titanium black door panelsVISIBILITY-Door mirrors with interior manual adjustment-Auto lighting system DRIVING AND CONTROL INSTRUMENTS -Electrical power-assisted steering -Stop & Start -On-board computer: distance travelled, average speed, range, average consumption.-Cruise control / speed limiter with audible warning ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY -ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) and EBA (Emergency Brake Assist)-Intercity Automatic Emergency Braking (AEBS)-ESP (Electronic Stability Program) + HSA (Hill Start Assist)-Emergency Call (E-call)-6 Airbags (front and side Driver & passengers including curtain airbags)-Front and rear seat belts with pretensioner and force limiter -Tyre pressure Monitor -Tyre inflation kit -ISOFIX fix points for child seats COMFORT -Remote central locking system -Electric front windows -Height & depth adjustable steering wheel -Automatic locking of doors when in motion -Front ceiling light -12V front socket -Manual rear windows -Front USB socket -Manual heating and air conditioning system -60/40 Split Folding rear seats AUDIO -Media Control: DAB Radio with display on instrument panel + Steering wheel controls + Bluetooth + 2 Speakers OPTIONS -Metallic paintEXPRESSIONDACIA SANDEROAMBIANCEMAIN EQUIPMENTEXPRESSION = ESSENTIAL +EXTERIOR APPEARANCE -Body-colour door mirrors -15” Flex wheelINTERIOR APPEARANCE -Fog Grey vent surrounds-Steel Grey interior door handles-Fabric upholstery on the dashboard and front door armrests -Special Expression upholsteryDRIVING AND CONTROL INSTRUMENTS-Rear parking sensor and reverse camera VISIBILITY -Front fog lights-Electrically operated door mirrorsCOMFORT-Automatic windscreen wipers-one-touch electric windows on the driver’s side -Keyless entryAUDIO-8’’ Media Display with smartphone replication (2 USB Sockets, compatible with Apple CarPlay ^TM and Android Auto ^TM + 4 speakers)OPTIONS -Metallic paintESSENTIAL STEPWA YMAIN EQUIPMENTEXTERIOR APPEARANCE-16” Flex wheels with full wheel cap-New brand identity-Black door handles and mirrors-Body-coloured front and rear bumpers-White Grille with Stepway inscription-Y-shaped LED daytime running lights-Black longitudinal roof bars with stepway inscription INTERIOR APPEARANCE-Black interior door handles-Essential upholstery-Copper orange air vent surroundsVISIBILITY-Door mirrors with interior manual adjustment-Auto lighting system-Heated rear window DRIVING AND CONTROLINSTRUMENTS-Electric power-assisted steering-Stop & Start-3.5” TFT instrument panel with on-board computer: distancetravelled, average speed, range, average consumption-Cruise control / speed limiter with audible warningACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY-ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) and EBA (Emergency Brake Assist)-Intercity Automatic Emergency Braking (AEBS)-ESP (Electronic Stability Program) + HSA (Hill Start Assist)-Emergency Call (E-call)-6 Airbags (front and side Driver & passengers includingcurtain airbags)-Front passenger deactivation-Front and rear seat belts with pretensioner and force limiter-Tyre pressure Monitor-Tyre inflation kit-ISOFIX fix points for child seats.-Engine immoblizerCOMFORT-Remote central locking system-Height & depth adjustable steering wheel-Height-adjustable driver’s seat with armrest-Automatic locking of doors when in motion-Front ceiling light-12V front socket-Electric front windows-Manual rear windows-Front USB socket-Manual heating and air conditioning system-60/40 Split Folding rear seatsAUDIO-Media Control: DAB Radio with display on instrument panel +Steering wheel controls + 2 SpeakersOPTIONS-Metallic paintEXPRESSION STEPWA YMAIN EQUIPMENTEXPRESSION STEPWA Y =ESSENTIAL STEPWA Y+EXTERIOR APPEARANCE-Body coloured door handles-Body coloured door mirrors-Megalith Grey Satin modular roof bars with stepway inscription INTERIOR APPEARANCE-Soft feel steering wheel-Satin Chrome interior door handles-Fog grey and copper orange air vent surrounds with white sliders -Fabric trim on dashboard and front door armrests-Driver & Passenger vanity mirror with cover DRIVING AND CONTROLINSTRUMENTS-Rear parking sensors-Reversing cameraVISIBILITY-Front fog lights-Automatic front wipers-Door mirrors - heated and electrically-adjustable door mirrorsCOMFORT-Keyless entry-Rear 12V plug-One-touch electric windows on the driver’s sideAUDIO-8’’ Media Display with smartphone replication (2 USB Sockets,compatible with Apple CarPlay ^TM and Android Auto ^TM +4 speakers)OPTIONS-Metallic paintJOURNEY STEPWA YMAIN EQUIPMENTJOURNEY STEPWA Y = EXPRESSION STEPWA Y + EXTERIOR APPEARANCE-17” Diamond-effect alloy wheelsDRIVING AND CONTROL INSTRUMENTS-Front and rear parking sensors & reversing camera -Electronic parking brake-Blind spot warningCOMFORT-Automatic heating and air-conditioning-High central armrest with central storage AUDIO-8’’ MediaNav with DAB Radio + Smartphone replication + Bluetooth + 6 Speakers with Apple CarPlay TM and Android Auto TMOPTIONS-Metallic paint15" WHEEL TRIM 16" FLEX WHEEL 15" FLEX WHEEL 16" ALLOY WHEELWHEELS(1)(2)(1)**PEARL BLACK (2)(2)(2)(2)**(1)*(2)*(1) Opaque paint. (2) Metallic paint.*Available only on Sandero. **Available only on Stepway.DACIA SANDERO & SANDERO STEPW A YCOLOURS, HUBCAPS & WHEELSCOLOURS•••••••DACIA SANDERO & SANDERO STEPW A YEQUIPMENT & OPTIONSSandero EssentialSandero Expression Sandero StepwayEssential Sandero StepwayExpression Sandero StepwayJourneyEXTERIOR APPEARANCELED brand light•••••LED automatically-activated daytime running lights •••••New brand identity grille with white inserts •••••Front grille with Stepway inscription --•••Front/rear bumpersBody-colouredBody-colouredBody-colouredBody-colouredBody-colouredMegalith Grey front/rear skid plates --•••Exterior door handles Black Body-coloured Black Body-coloured Body-coloured Door mirrorsBlack Body-colouredBlack Body-colouredBody-colouredLongitudinal roof bars--Black --Modular longitudinal roof bars (Megalith Grey Satin)---••INTERIOR APPEARANCEAir vent surrounds Fog Grey and white slidersFog Grey Copper Fog Grey and Copper withwhite slidersFog Grey and Copper withwhite slidersInterior door handlesBlack Steel GreyBlack Satin ChromeSatin ChromeFabric upholstery on the dashboard and front door armrests/ copper trim on the front door armrests -/-•/--/-•/••/•Single-piece folding rear bench seatback (1/1)•-•--1/3- 2/3 split-fold rear bench seatback •••••Synthetic leather soft feel steering wheel---••ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETYABS (Anti-lock Braking System) and EBA (Emergency Brake Assist)•••••Intercity Automatic Emergency Braking (AEBS)•••••ESP (Electronic Stability Program) + HSA (Hill Start Assist)•••••Emergency call (E-call)•••••Driver’s front airbag/passenger’s front airbag can be deactivated •/••/••/••/••/•Shoulder and curtain side airbags•••••Lateral front and rear seat belts with pretensioner and force limiter •••••Rear parking sensors + rear-view camera-•-•-Front and rear parking sensors + rear-view camera + blind spot warnings ----•Electric parking brake and high central armrest with storage ----•Tyre pressure detection •••••Spare wheel + Jack -----Tyre inflation kit•••••Isofix child seat mounting system on rear side seats•••••DRIVING AND CONTROL INSTRUMENTSElectrical power-assisted steering •••••Stop & Start•••••On-board computer: distance travelled, average speed, range, average consumption(including for LPG)•••••Cruise control/Speed limiter with audible warning••••••••••Sandero EssentialSandero ExpressionSandero StepwayEssentialSandero StepwayExpressionSandero StepwayJourneyVISIBILITYFront fog lights-•-••Door mirrors with interior manual adjustment •-•--Electrically operated door mirrors-•-••COMFORTManual heating and air conditioning system ••••-Automatic heating and air conditioning system ----•Automatic windscreen wipers-•-••Electric door locking with radio frequency remote control -••••Automatic locking of doors when in motion •••••Keyless entry-•-••Driver and passenger front electric windows•-•--One-touch driver-seat window control (with anti-trapping function), non one-touch passenger side -•-••Electric rear windows---••Height- and reach-adjustable steering wheel ••••/••/•Front ceiling light •/-•/••/-•/••/•1 USB socket at the front •••••1 x 12V socket in the front•••••AUDIOMedia Control: DAB radio with controls on the steering wheel, integrated display on theon-board computer screen, smartphone holder fixed on the dashboard, 2 front speakers, Bluetooth® connection, Dacia Media Control mobile application•••••Media Display: Android Auto™ and Apple CarPlay™ compatibility with smartphone replication via USB cable (DAB radio with 8” touch screen and 4 speakers)-•-•-Media NAV: navigation, Europe map + MAP CARE (Western Europe or Eastern Europe maps + 6 free updates for 3 years), DAB radio, smartphone replication via USB cable, Bluetooth® connection, 6 speakers (4 speakers + 2 tweeters), 8” touch screen, removable phone holder (compatible with Apple CarPlay™ and Android Auto™)----•Maps of Europe (West or East, depending on country)----•-: not available; ••: available as standard; o: available as an option. Android Auto™ is a Google Inc. brand. Apple CarPlay™ is an Apple Inc. brand.DACIA SANDERO & SANDERO STEPW A YENGINESTCe 90TCe 90 CVTSANDERO ENGINESFiscal rating (CV) (France)55FuelUnleaded fuel (E10)Unleaded fuel (E10)Max. power kW CEE (hp) at an engine speed of (rpm)67 at 4,600-5,00067 at 4,500-5,000Max. torque Nm CEE (m.kg) at an engine speed of (rpm)160 at 2,100-3,750142 at 1,750-3,750Gearbox type Manual 5-speed Auto-CVTType of Injection Turbo Indirect injectionTurbo Indirect injectionCapacity (cm 3)999Number of cylinders/valves 3-Dec Emission control standardEuro 6 DFullCHASSIS AND STEERINGTyre dimensions185/65 R15 88H - 195/55 R16 87HSteering - Turning circle, kerb to kerb (m)10.53Front suspension Pseudo McPherson with lower wishbone, spiral spring suspension with telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers and anti-roll barRear suspensionSemi-rigid axle with anti-roll bar spring suspension and telescopic hydraulic shock absorbersPERFORMANCEMaximum speed (km/h)1751690-100km/h (s)12.213.4Mid-range acceleration: 80 km/h - 120km/h (s)in 4th5th11.6 20.111.6FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS (1)Approval protocol WLTP (2)Fuel tank capacity (l)5050CO 2 emissions (g/km) Best Case - Worst Case119/120131/140Fuel consumption during combined cycle (l/100 km) Best Case - Worst Case5.3/5.35.8/6.2VOLUMES AND WEIGHTSEssentialExpression Essential Expression Minimum kerb weight 1,0521,0721,0871,099Maximum kerb weight 1,0961,1201,1201,144Gross train weight (GTW)2,6382,6622,6622,686Maximum permissible laden weight (MPLW)1,5381,5621,5621,586Max. braked towing weight1,1001,1001,1001,100(1) Official consumption and emissions according to applicable regulations. (2) WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedures): this new protocol provides results much closer to those found in daily use compared to the NEDC protocol. CO 2 emissions are certified using a standard, regulated method. This method is identical for all manufacturers and enables vehicles to be compared.TCe 90TCe 90 CVTSANDERO STEPWAY ENGINESFiscal rating (CV) (France)55FuelUnleaded fuel (E10)Unleaded fuel (E10)Max. power kW CEE (hp) at an engine speed of (rpm)67 at 4,600-5,00067 at 4,500-5,000Max. torque Nm CEE (m.kg) at an engine speed of (rpm)160 at 2,100-3,750142 at 1,750-3,750Gearbox type Manual 6-speedAuto-CVTType of Injection Turbo Indirect injectionCapacity (cm 3)999Number of cylinders/valves 3-Dec Emission control standardEuro 6 DFullCHASSIS AND STEERINGTyre dimensions205/60 R16 92HSteering - Turning circle, kerb to kerb (m)10.39Front suspension Pseudo McPherson with lower wishbone, spiral spring suspension with telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers and anti-roll barRear suspensionSemi-rigid axle with anti-roll bar spring suspension and telescopic hydraulic shock absorbersPERFORMANCEMaximum speed (km/h)1721630-100km/h (s)1214.2Mid-range acceleration: 80 km/h - 120km/h (s)in 4th5th 6th10.3 14.6 22.612.6FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS (1)Approval protocol WLTP (2)Fuel tank capacity (l)5050CO 2 emissions (g/km) Best Case - Worst Case120/12131/140Fuel consumption during combined cycle (l/100 km) Best Case - Worst Case5.3/5.45.8/6.2VOLUMES AND WEIGHTSEssentialExpression Essential Expression Minimum kerb weight 1,0771,0961,1131,122Maximum kerb weight 1,1191,1361,1431,159Gross train weight (GTW)2,6612,6782,6852,701Gross vehicle weight (GVW)1,5611,5781,5851,601Max. braked towing weight1,1001,1001,1001,100(1) Official consumption and emissions according to applicable regulations. (2) WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedures): this new protocol provides results much closer to those found in daily use compared to the NEDC protocol. Fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions are certified using a standard, regulated method. This method is identical for all manufacturers and enables vehicles to be compared.1.ROOF BARS SANDERO ALUMINIUMStreamlined, easy and quick to assemble, these are ideal for transporting a bicycle rack, ski rack or roof locker and increase the carrying capacity of the vehicle.2.PREMIUM TEXTILE FLOOR MA TS AND ILLUMINA TED DOOR SILLS A T THE FRONTTake advantage of the top-of-the-range quality of the Sandero premium textile floor mats to protect your interior in style. In addition, the door sills (sold in pairs) will enhance the vehicle entrances with a touch of light.3.SEAT ARMRESTTo give maximum comfort to the driver, opt for this height-adjustable, flip-up armrest.4.SHARK FIN AERIALAdd a contemporary touch with this compact aerial, which fits perfectly into the lines of your vehicle.5.TOOL-FREE REMOV ABLE TOWBAR KITThanks to its tow ball that can be easily removed without tools, the aesthetic appeal of your vehicle is maintained. Recommended for frequent use.6.SWAN-NECK TOWBAR KITEssential for safe towing or transportation of your equipment – e.g. bicycle rack, trailer, boat, caravan, professional gear, etc.2.6.5.DACIA SANDERO & SANDERO STEPW A YACCESSORIES9.11.12.7.7.STAINLESS STEEL BOOT SILL Cover and protect the rear bumper with this practical, attractive and customised accessory. With its brushed finish, it brings a touch of design and robustness to the rear of your vehicle.8.BOOT LINER Can be fitted quickly by adapting to the shape of your boot and effectively protects its original carpeting with its high edges. Semi-rigid, it is easy to take out and clean.9.EASYFLEX MODULAR BOOT PROTECTION Cover the entire loading space for transporting bulky items. Versatile and waterproof, it folds and unfolds very easily, adapting to the position of the rear seats, even when folded down.10.RUBBER FLOOR MA TS WITH RAISED EDGES These floor mats with raised edges specially designed for your vehicle make the floor of your passenger compartment watertight. Easy to maintain, they can be attached quickly using the safety clips provided for this purpose.11.LOWER DOOR PROTECTION Accentuate the rugged character of your vehicle whilst protecting the lower parts of the doors.12.FRONT AND REAR MUD FLAPS Provide the underbody of your vehicle with effective protection against water, mud and gravel.DACIA SANDERO & SANDERO STEPW A YDIMENSIONS1499200718481532,614°89814°878260440881621518,6141014061508,91410140614°89814°878830666260440992011519,9184820071587153581966620191985SANDERO SANDERO STEPWA YDimensions in mm 10261026BOOT (in dm 3 - VDA standard)Minimum boot volume (ISO 3832)328Maximum boot volume (ISO 3832)1108Volume under false floor (ISO 3832)78BOOT (in dm 3 - VDA standard)Minimum boot volume (ISO 3832)328Maximum boot volume (ISO 3832)1108Volume under false floor (ISO 3832)78Every precaution has been taken to ensure this publication is accurate and up to date when printed. This document has been created using pre-production and prototype models. In line with its policy of continuous product improvement, Dacia reserves the right to modify the specifications, vehicles and accessories described and featured at any time. Any such modifications are communicated to Dacia dealers as quickly as possible. Depending on the country of sale, versions may differ and certain equipment may be unavailable (as standard, optional or as an accessory). Please consult your Dacia brand representative for the latest information. For technical printing reasons, the colours featured in this document may differ slightly from those of the actual paintwork or interior trim. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any format and by any means of all or part of this publication is prohibited without prior written authorisation from Dacia.Dacia recommendsPUBLICIS – PHOTO CREDITS: – JUL Y 2022。

越野车的英文翻译是什么越野车是一种为越野而特别设计的汽车，即使是在城市里，也有很多的人喜欢开越野车。

下面店铺为大家带来越野车的英语意思和相关用法，欢迎大家一起学习!越野车的英语意思cross country vehicle ;越野车的相关英语例句1. He saw the grey Land-Rover down the by-pass. It was more than a hundred yards from him.他看见那辆灰色的路虎越野车停在不远处的边道上，离他一百码开外。

2. Bicycles, bikes, MTB, mountain bikes , road bikes recumbent , components , gears.单车买卖,购物,脚踏车, 自行车, 摺合车, 越野车, 公路车.3. Hybrid SUVs from Ford and General Motors ( GM ) have been slow sellers.福特汽车公司及通用汽车公司制造的油电混合越野车的销售很缓慢.4. A mathematical model for wheel shimmy of off - road vehicle was established.以一类越野车为研究时象,建立前轮摆振系统的数学模型.5. Lean on the price go - anywhere vehicle NJ 2046?依维柯越野车NJ2046的价格?6. Brother bought a new cross - country automobile.哥哥新买了一辆越野车.7. When the postman hops out of his jeep to deliver Pauline's and locks the jeep door.来给波林送信的邮递员跳下越野车时,总要熄火锁门.8. At the same time, a suicide bomber driving an SUVdetonated close by.这时, 一位人体炸弹袭击者驾驶一辆越野车在附近引爆.9. This is an ANSYS optimum design for driving axle housing of a off - road vehicle .本设计利用ANSYS软件对某越野车驱动桥桥壳进行优化.10. Exactly two years ago the exceptional off - roader in Abt look celebrated its premier.整整两年前的特殊越野阿布特看越野车在庆祝其.11. ATVs allow you to climb goat paths to places other vehicles can't reach.沙滩越野车让你能够爬上羊肠小道,抵达其它交通工具无法到达的地方.12. Main production truck, vehicles, tractors, tractors, armored vehicles and spare parts and so on.主要生产载重汽车、越野车、拖拉机、牵引车、装甲运输车及散件等.13. Katherine was already in the front seat of the SUV giving the agent directions.凯瑟琳早已坐在越野车的前排座位上,向特工下达着指示.14. Still, you have slightly tricked - out versions of today's buggies, armoured personnel carriers, and tanks.而且, 你还有轻便的现代越野车、装人员运输车和坦克.15. Strong power, specially adapt for ATV and off - road sport vehicle on raising speed.爆发力强,低速大扭矩, 特别适应沙滩车及越野车对低速及提速性能的要求.越野车的英文例句汽车是时尚，低一样，没有其他越野车辆。

10.16638/ki.1671-7988.2020.17.001某新能源汽车前舱装饰罩模态分析与优化设计高发华，贺鑫，汪跃中，董华东，王海峰（奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司研究院，安徽芜湖241000）摘要：在某款新能源汽车的设计开发过程中，为满足NVH要求，降低前舱装饰罩与电驱动总成共振风险，文章通过利用CAE软件建立前舱装饰罩有限元模型，并进行模态分析，根据CAE分析结果提出优化方案，再对优化方案进行模态分析，最终保证优化后的前舱装饰罩实现隔声降噪的目标，满足性能要求，为前舱装饰罩的改进和优化设计提供重要依据。

关键词：前舱装饰罩；模态分析；优化设计；CAE中图分类号：U463.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-7988（2020）17-01-04Modal Analysis and Optimum Design of a New Energy VehicleFront Decoration CoverGao Fahua, He Xin, Wang Yuezhong, Dong Huadong, Wang Haifeng（Chery New Energy Automotive Research Institute, Anhui Wuhu 241000）Abstract:In the design and development process of a new energy vehicle, in order to meet the requirements of NVH and reduce the resonance risk between the front cabin decorative cover and the electric drive assembly, the finite element model of the front cabin decorative cover is established by using CAE software, and the modal analysis is carried out. Based on the results of CAE analysis, the optimization scheme is put forward, and then the modal analysis is carried out to ensure that the optimized front cabin decorative cover achieves sound insulation and noise reduction. The objective is to meet the performance requirements and provide an important basis for improving and optimizing the design of the front cabin decoration hood. Keywords: Front decoration cover; Modal analysis; Optimum design; CAECLC NO.: U463.2 Document Code: A Article ID: 1671-7988(2020)17-01-04前言前舱装饰罩位于新能源汽车前舱上方，起到美观大方、隔声降噪的作用[1]。

某坦克行进间射击炮口振动优化与分析陈宇;杨国来;谢润;于情波【摘要】炮口振动是影响坦克行进间射击精度的关键因素，为了减小弹丸出炮口时的炮口振动，基于多体动力学的刚柔耦合及接触碰撞算法，建立了考虑多个结构非线性因素的坦克行进间刚柔耦合多体系统动力学模型。

结合优化设计理论和方法，建立了坦克行进间射击炮口振动优化模型。

通过径向基函数法与增广拉格朗日乘子法的结合，对坦克行进间射击炮口振动进行多目标优化设计。

优化结果表明，弹丸出炮口时的炮口振动明显降低，优化方法是可行的，对于提高坦克行进间射击精度有一定的参考价值。

通过改变车速以及路面等级对优化结果进行假设分析，说明了行进间射击优化的必要性。

%Muzzle vibration is the key factor influencingthe firing accuracy for tank firing on the move. In order to reduce the muzzle vibration at the time of the projectile passing muzzle, a dynamic model considering multiple nonlinear-factor of multi-body system forrigid-flexible coupling tank on the move was established based on therigid-flexible coupling and the contact impact arithmetic theories of multi-body dynamics. Combined with the optimum design theory, the muzzle vibration optimization model was established. Radial BasisFunctions(RBF)and Augmented Lagrange Multiplier Method(ALMM)were used to solve the multi-objective optimization function for muzzle vibration. The optimization result shows that the muzzle vibration of projectile can be effectively reduced. The proposed optimization method is feasible,and it offers reference for improving the firing accuracy for tankon the move. By changing the speed and the road grade,the what-ifanalysis shows the necessity of the optimization for tank firing on the move.【期刊名称】《弹道学报》【年(卷),期】2016(028)004【总页数】4页(P86-89)【关键词】坦克;行进间射击;炮口振动;优化【作者】陈宇;杨国来;谢润;于情波【作者单位】南京理工大学机械工程学院，南京210094;南京理工大学机械工程学院，南京210094;南京理工大学机械工程学院，南京210094;南京理工大学机械工程学院，南京210094【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TJ3作为现代地面战争快速突击的中坚力量,行进间射击精度是评价坦克战术性能的重要指标,而在影响射击精度的各因素中,炮口振动的影响是最大的。