Extended requirements traceability Results of an industrial case study

专升本英语单词词汇星火英语Requirement Acquisition.Requirement acquisition is a crucial phase in the software development life cycle (SDLC) that involves eliciting, analyzing, documenting, and managing user and stakeholder requirements. It serves as the foundation for successful software development projects, ensuring that the end product aligns with the intended purpose and expectations.Elicitation Techniques.Effective requirement elicitation involves employing various techniques to gather information from stakeholders. These include:Interviews: Conducting one-on-one or group discussions to gather insights, opinions, and expectations from users.Document Analysis: Reviewing existing documents, such as business plans, process descriptions, and user stories, to identify potential requirements.Observation: Directly observing stakeholders in their work environment to gain a deeper understanding of their needs and behaviors.Prototyping: Creating interactive prototypes to provide stakeholders with a tangible representation of the proposed system, facilitating feedback and refinement.Brainstorming: Conducting group sessions to generate a wide range of ideas and potential requirements.Requirement Analysis and Prioritization.Once requirements have been elicited, they must be analyzed to ensure completeness, consistency, and feasibility. This involves:Classification: Categorizing requirements based ontheir type, such as functional, non-functional, or business requirements.Verification: Validating requirements against user expectations and ensuring that they are testable and verifiable.Prioritization: Establishing the relative importance of each requirement to guide development efforts.Traceability: Establishing relationships between requirements and other artifacts, such as design specifications and test cases, to ensure consistency and accountability.Requirement Management.Requirement management is an ongoing process that involves documenting, tracking, and controlling requirements throughout the SDLC. This includes:Requirement Documentation: Creating comprehensiverequirement specifications that clearly define the system's functionality, performance, and other characteristics.Requirement Change Management: Managing changes to requirements effectively to ensure that the system remains aligned with user needs.Requirement Verification and Validation: Regularly verifying and validating requirements to ensure their accuracy, completeness, and consistency.Requirement Prioritization and Traceability: Continuously prioritizing and tracing requirements throughout the development process to guide decision-making and ensure traceability.Benefits of Effective Requirement Acquisition.Effective requirement acquisition and management offer numerous benefits for software development projects, including:Increased Project Success: Clear and well-defined requirements reduce the likelihood of misinterpretation, rework, and project failure.Improved Stakeholder Satisfaction: Involving stakeholders in the requirement acquisition process increases their buy-in and ensures that their needs are met.Enhanced Software Quality: Accurate and complete requirements facilitate the development of high-quality software that meets user expectations.Reduced Development Costs: By identifying and addressing requirements upfront, development efforts can be streamlined, reducing overall project costs.Improved Project Management: Transparent and well-managed requirements provide a solid foundation for project planning, scheduling, and risk management.Conclusion.Requirement acquisition and management are critical to the success of any software development project. By effectively eliciting, analyzing, prioritizing, and managing requirements, organizations can increase project success, improve stakeholder satisfaction, enhance software quality, reduce development costs, and improve project management.。

M A R K I N T E G R I T Y P R O G R A MUL Works to Support You Through:Why This Requirement is Important A key element in verifying compliance with UL requirements is determining that materials and components used in UL certified products are consistent with their descriptions in UL Follow-Up Services procedures. Determining compliance of materials and components usedin UL certified products is an important step in getting safer products to market. Additionally, maintaining the traceability of these materials and components helps support the ongoing integrity of the supply chain resulting in higher levels of confidence that materials being received meet sourcing requirements.RequirementsResponsibility It is a manufacturer’s responsibility to assure that all components and materials are as described in the UL Follow-Up Services procedure and to maintain all required records so they are readily available for review by a UL field representative. UL Field representatives will verify compliance to the applicable traceability programs and requirements specified in this document.UL Recognized ComponentsOverview This program provides traceability for a large and diversified group of components. Although they may be vastly different in form and function, components covered by this program meet all of the following criteria:• Subject to a third-party factory follow-up program• Incomplete in certain construction featuresor restricted in performance capabilities• Intended only for factory installation in end-productsor equipment where the limitations of use are knownto an end-product manufacturer• Not authorized to bear the UL Listing Mark or ULClassification MarkingMethod of Traceability Components covered under UL’s Component Recognition and Follow-Up Services programs are identified by a Recognized Component marking. Unless otherwise specified in a component’s published information, a Recognized Component marking consists of the following:• Recognized company identification/name• Recognized company catalog or model number Information about UL Recognized Components is publishedin the UL Recognized Component Directory available at /database. In addition to the Recognized company name and model number, components covered under this program may also bear the Recognized Component Mark for the United States, Canada or the combination Mark for the United States and Canada.UL Traceability RequirementsMaterial and Components Used for UL/C-UL/ULC Mark Follow-Up ServicesUL defines minimum requirements for material and components used in UL certified end products as part of its Follow-Up Services procedures. This document applies to all customers of UL’s product certification services for the U.S. and Canadian markets, i.e., UL/C-UL/ULC Mark certifications.Fabricated Parts (Category QMMY2)Overview UL’s fabricated parts traceability program covers material traceability for molded, encapsulated, potted and other fabricated plastic parts. This program is intended to provide quick verification of material identity through markings on a fabricated part.Component specifications are noted in individual end-product UL Follow-Up Services procedures. An end-product manufacturer must pay particular attention to the UL Follow-Up Services procedure to be sure that the component specifications are not compromised and continue to meet UL requirements, especially when molders or fabricators use additives, regrinds and recycled plastics.Method of Traceability Traceability is provided by meansof identification markings on a part, shipping carton or accompanying specification sheet that includes the following information:• UL-assigned designation• Name of molder/fabricator• Factory location, when more than one factory locationis used• Part identification• Date of molding or fabrication• Material manufacturer’s name and grade designations.This may be a code mutually agreed upon betweenan end-product/designated-party manufacturer anda molder/fabricatorSpooled Wire and CableOverview Wire and cable used in the production of UL certified products must be traceable to the original UL Mark (label) (typically affixed to the spool by adhesive or tag). Surface printing on the wire alone is not sufficient verification of UL wire certification. Traceability is often lost when the UL Mark (label) is separated from the spool and discarded. In order to avoid loss of traceability, the UL Mark (label) should always be kept with the spool/packaging.Method of Traceability To maintain traceability of wire and cable, verification from the wire back to the original UL spool label must be readily available. Manufacturers are encouraged to adopt the following practices to ensure traceability:• If the UL Mark (label) is affixed to outer wrapping,immediately staple or otherwise affix the tag with theUL Mark (label) to the wire reel upon removal ofthe wrapping• Request that the wire supplier affix the UL Mark (label)directly to the spool, rather than the outer wrap• Reject spools of wire that do not have UL Marks (labels)attached during incoming inspection• Communicate wire traceability requirements to personnel handling wire in productionProcessed Wire(Categories ZKLU, ZKLU2, ZKLU7 and ZKLU8) Overview This program provides traceability for various types of wire/cable that have been subjected to processing subsequent to original manufacturing and labeling. Wire in these categories originates as insulated wire that is then cut into specified lengths with insulation stripped from one or both ends and packaged for further processing. The stripped ends may be soldered or tinned and may have eyelet, ring, open spadeor quick-connect terminals attached by crimping, solderingor welding. This program can also cover wire that has been respooled into smaller quantities.Method of Traceability Traceability for wire that is covered under this program is through an appropriate UL certification mark on an attached tag, reel or smallest unit container in which product is packaged. In addition, tagmarking information provided by an original wire manufacturer is transferred onto tags provided by a wire processor. The certification marks applicable to this program include:• UL Listed processed wire• Respooled UL Listed processed wire• UL Classified processed wire• Respooled UL Classified processed wire• UL Recognized processed wire• Respooled UL Recognized processed wireWiring Harnesses (category ZPFW2)Overview This program provides traceability for wiring harnesses that are assembled at off-site locations and intended for use as factory installed components at anend-product manufacturing facility. They are defined as components consisting of two or more wires joined electrically and/or mechanically, and may include connectors, plugs, strain reliefs, splices, etc. When assembled at an off-site location, traceability for components used to construct a wiring harness is not possible at an end-product factory location. This program can be used to provide this traceability. Each wiring harnessis normally constructed in accordance with a harness diagram and is generally designed for a specific application that is indicated on a diagram or carton marking. These wiring harnesses are not intended for field installation. An assembly consisting solely of a cord set, power supply cord or power supply cord attached to an appliance, such as a motor, isnot eligible for coverage under this program.Method of Traceability An off-site fabricator assemblesa wiring harness in accordance with a harness diagram,print or other specification from an end-product manufacturer that details construction elements and components to be used in assembling a harness. A harness manufacturer will assemble a harness in accordance with these specifications and, provided that a wiring harness is in compliance with these specifications, it may be shipped with the UL Mark. Traceability for these construction elements is further determined at an end-product manufacturing location and involves verifying that these features comply with an end-product Follow-Up Services procedure.The UL Recognized Component Mark on the smallest bundle or unit container in which a product is packaged is the only method used to identify wiring harnesses manufactured under the UL Recognition and Follow-Up Service programs.Printed Wiring Board Assemblies (category ZPVI2) Overview This program provides traceability for printed wiringboard assemblies. It covers materials and components of assembled printed wiring boards, including a board itself, when these can only be identified at a board assembly location. This program is used when printed wiring boards are assembled remotely from an end-product manufacturing location and traceability of a board or its components is a concern. It is intended to address traceability of a UL Recognized board and/or components only. All other aspects of design, spacings, etc., are evaluated as part of the UL investigation ofend-use products.Method of Traceability An assembler is required to keep records to trace the identity of all materials and components from receipt through storage, inventory, withdrawal, assembly, packaging and shipping. Printed wiring assemblies covered under the category ZPVI2 are identified by an assembler’s name and UL code designation on a part, shipping container or included specification sheet. Relevant material and component manufacturer name and type designations are marked ona part, shipping container or accompanying documentation.In addition, assemblies covered under this program will also bear the UL Recognized Component Mark.High Technology Equipment Subassemblies (Category VZQC2)Overview This program provides traceability for high technology subassemblies, which are a group of components that constitute a portion of a complete component or product. They are limited to use in a specific group of high tech equipment including audio/visual equipment, information technology equipment and telephone equipment. This program is not intended to address subassemblies ordinarily covered under a separate UL certification program. These subassemblies are coveredunder their respective product categories.Method of Traceability Each subassembly is constructed and/or tested in accordance with a drawing or specification provided by an end-product manufacturer. In addition,a sub-assembler is required to keep records that will trace the identity of all components and materials identified ona drawing or specification from receipt through storage, assembly, packaging and shipping. Subassemblies covered under this program are identified by a UL-assigned code designation and a sub-assembler’s name and part identification. In addition, these subassemblies will also bear the UL Recognized Component Mark.Repackaged Product Program (Categories TEOW, TEOY, TEOZ, TEPC and TEOU2) Overview This program is intended to accommodate redistribution of bulk shipments of UL certified products. Through this program, the appropriate UL markings can be applied to new packaging for individual items or sub-lot quantities. It provides a solution for distributors, retailers, importers and manufacturers who redistribute bulk shipments to accommodate different customer needsand manage inventories. For further information on this program, please visit /repackaged/index.html. Split Inspection ProgramOverview The split inspection program provides a meansof traceability for components, materials and subassemblies that are manufactured or assembled at an off-site or contract manufacturing facility. This program is usually implemented when other UL programs do not resolve a specific traceability issue. Follow-Up Service inspections are conducted at these off-site factory locations to establish traceability for specific components, materials or assemblies.Method of Traceability These special components will be described in a UL Follow-Up Services procedure that contains specific instructions for inspections/verifications for each component. Upon verification of compliance with the inspection instructions, special components will be permitted to bear an agreed-upon special marking. This identification permits a UL field representative at an end-product manufacturing facility to accept these components as having been previously counterchecked, therefore avoiding any re-inspection.Document AuditOverview Other programs described in this document are the preferred methods for establishing traceability. However,UL recognizes that there may be isolated circumstances when document audits may be necessary. With a few exceptions, the document audit can be used only for a short period of time while a manufacturer implements another of UL’s traceability programs. For example, the document auditis not an acceptable long-term traceability method for verifying wire, cable, connectors, etc., when these products are assembled off-site. Another of the UL traceability programs describedin this document, e.g., wiring harnesses, processed wire or split inspection, must be established to address these traceability issues.The document audit program involves examining documentation and specifications to determine that components and materials comply with specified requirements. To be successful, a manufacturer’s procurement system must address the following:• When sourcing, an end-product manufacturermust provide a vendor or supplier with appropriatecomponent and material requirements• An end-product manufacturer must require that avendor/supplier provide confirmation with each productshipment that the components in the shipment meet the stated requirements• An end-product manufacturer must implement a method to address on-going verification – either through supplieraudits, incoming inspection, etc. – that all receivedcomponents and materials meet requirementsFollowing are some examples when document audit may be used on a continual basis:When a UL Certification Mark is on the Product,but it is Incomplete• Components with only the “UL in a circle” or theUL Recognized Component Mark on a product mayuse a vendor-supplied document to provide additionalinformation from the packaging for the UL certificationmarking along with all conditions or instructions provided on or within the original packaging. Examples include:– A fusible link has only the “UL in a circle” stampedin it: a supplier document can provide productcategory and control number from the requiredfour-element UL Listing Mark on the package alongwith the temperature rating stamped on the box– A fluorescent lamp holder has only the “UL ina circle” molded into it: a supplier documentcan provide product category and control numberfrom the required four-element UL Listing Mark onthe package along with “Suitable for Outdoor Use”as stamped on the package– A crimp terminal has only the “UL in a circle”stamped in it: a supplier document can providethe product category and control number from therequired four-element UL Listing Mark on thepackage along with all installation instructions,wire combination, required crimp tool and otherrestrictions noted on the packaging– Gasket material is cut in such a way that only theUL Component Recognition Mark can be identified:a supplier document can provide manufacturer’sname and model number to verify complianceThe document audit may be an acceptable method for validating traceability requirements on an on-going basis for UL certified components when the UL Mark is required anda part is marked with an indication of coverage by UL. Attribute Traceability When no Formal Program Exists• A document audit may be an acceptable meansof determining traceability for specific attributessuch as chemical formulations, metallurgical content,steel coating thickness, etc. A document audit is alsoacceptable for verifying elements described in the ULFollow-Up Services procedure used in the constructionof non-UL certified motors or transformers, including wire integral to the construction of such a device.However, a document audit is not acceptable forUL certified components requiring a certificationmark on the product or packaging. In addition,this approach is not an acceptable method for verifyingdimensions. UL expects that manufacturers maintain the capability to verify dimensions identified in Follow-UpService procedures. While statements of complianceprovided by s uppliers can help satisfy a manufacturer’srequirements for subcontractor control, these statements may not be the sole means of verification or used as arationale for a manufacturer to opt out of possessing theinspection, measuring and test equipment requiredto validate dimensions described in a Follow-UpServices procedure.Verification of Molded Plastic PartsUnless the use of a Recognized Component fabricated part (category QMMY2) is a required construction feature specified in an end-product Follow-Up Services procedure, a document audit can be used to verify plastic materials (raw material manufacturer’s name and grade designations) for plastic parts molded off-site. At a minimum, any documentation must provide sufficient information to determine that requirements defined in an end-product procedure are met. As a best practice, certificates of compliance or other documentation for plastic parts molded off-site should include the following:• Name of molder• Molding date• Shipment quantity• Material manufacturer’s name or trade nameand material designation• Percent of thermoplastic regrind used (1)• Color concentrates or other additives (2)• Name of company buying the product,i.e., end-product manufacturer• Part name or number• Specification number• Purchase order number or other means to properlylink a component to documentation• Shipment date• Manufacturer representative’s name, signatureor function to authorize and attest toinformation accuracy Notes1. Regrind is non-contaminated product or scrap suchas sprues and runners that have been reclaimedby shredding and granulating for use in-house.Thermoplastic regrind is limited to 25% by weight unlessthe specific material used is authorized for greater than25% as specified in the UL Recognized ComponentDirectory. Thermoset regrind is not acceptable at any level unless any content used is evaluated and authorizedI. Examples of common thermoplastics: Polyethylene,polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyamide, etc.II. Examples of common thermosets: Phenolic, epoxy,melamine resins, polyester fiberglass, vulcanizedrubber, etc.2. C olor concentrate use: A UL Recognized Base ResinMaterial may be pigmented by dry-blending withRecognized Color Concentrate or dyestuff providingthat the let-down ratio is not exceeded and that thecolor concentrate has been investigated for use withthe appropriate base resin materialFinally, if there are any additional construction elements specified in the description in the UL Follow-Up Service procedure, any certificate or documentation should also address these features.。

需求分析文档模板Requirements-Specification-Template[YourProject] Requirements SpecificationVersion 1.0February 21, 2020Use this Requirements Specification template to document the requirements for your product or service, including priority and approval. Tailor the specification to suit your project, organizing the applicable sections in a way that works best, and use the checklist to record the decisions about what is applicable and what isn't.The format of the requirements depends on what works best for your project.This document contains instructions and examples which are for the benefit of the person writing the document and should be removed before the document is finalized.To regenerate the TOC, select all (CTL-A) and press F9.c:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 2 o f 17Table of Contents1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (4)1.1P ROJECT O VERVIEW (4)1.2P URPOSE AND S COPE OF THIS S PECIFICATION (4)2.PRODUCT/SERVICE DESCRIPTION (4)2.1P RODUCT C ONTEXT (4)2.2U SER C HARACTERISTICS (4)2.3A SSUMPTIONS (4)2.4C ONSTRAINTS (4)2.5D EPENDENCIES (5)3.REQUIREMENTS (5)3.1F UNCTIONAL R EQUIREMENTS (6)3.2U SER I NTERFACE R EQUIREMENTS (7)3.3U SABILITY (7)3.4P ERFORMANCE (7)3.4.1Capacity (7)3.4.2Availability (7)3.4.3Latency (7)3.5M ANAGEABILITY/M AINTAINABILITY (8)3.5.1Monitoring (8)3.5.2Maintenance (8)3.5.3Operations (8)3.6S YSTEM I NTERFACE/I NTEGRATION (8)3.6.1Network and Hardware Interfaces (8)3.6.2Systems Interfaces (8)3.7S ECURITY (9)3.7.1Protection (9)3.7.2Authorization and Authentication (9)3.8D ATA M ANAGEMENT (9)3.9S TANDARDS C OMPLIANCE (10)3.10P ORTABILITY (10)ER SCENARIOS/USE CASES (10)5.DELETED OR DEFERRED REQUIREMENTS (10)6.REQUIREMENTS CONFIRMATION/STAKEHOLDER SIGN-OFF (12)APPENDIX (13)A PPENDIX A.D EFINITIONS,A CRONYMS, AND A BBREVIATIONS (13)A PPENDIX B.R EFERENCES (13)A PPENDIX C.R EQUIREMENTS T RACEABILITY M ATRIX (13)A PPENDIX D.O RGANIZING THE R EQUIREMENTS (16)c:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 3 o f 171. Executive Summary1.1 Project OverviewDescribe this project or product and its intended audience, or provide a link or reference to the project charter.1.2 Purpose and Scope of this SpecificationDescribe the purpose of this specification and its intended audience. Include a description of what is within the scope what is outside of the scope of these specifications. For example:In scopeThis document addresses requirements related to phase 2 of Project A:•modification of Classification Processing to meet legislative mandate ABC.•modification of Labor Relations Processing to meet legislative mandate ABC.Out of ScopeThe following items in phase 3 of Project A are out of scope:•modification of Classification Processing to meet legislative mandate XYZ.•modification of Labor Relations Processing to meet legislative mandate XYZ.(Phase 3 will be considered in the development of the requirements for Phase 2, but the Phase 3 requirements will be documented separately.)2. Product/Service DescriptionIn this section, describe the general factors that affect the product and its requirements. This section should contain background information, not state specific requirements (provide the reasons why certain specific requirements are later specified).2.1 Product ContextHow does this product relate to other products? Is it independent and self-contained? Does it interface with a variety of related systems? Describe these relationships or use a diagram to show the major components of the larger system, interconnections, and external interfaces.2.2 User CharacteristicsCreate general customer profiles for each type of user who will be using the product. Profiles should include:•Student/faculty/staff/other•experience•technical expertise•other general characteristics that may influence the product2.3 AssumptionsList any assumptions that affect the requirements, for example, equipment availability, user expertise, etc. For example, a specific operating system is assumed to be available; if the operating system is not available, the Requirements Specification would then have to change accordingly.2.4 ConstraintsDescribe any items that will constrain the design options, includingc:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 4 o f 17•parallel operation with an old system•audit functions (audit trail, log files, etc.)•access, management and security•criticality of the application•system resource constraints (e.g., limits on disk space or other hardware limitations) •other design constraints (e.g., design or other standards, such as programming language or framework)2.5 DependenciesList dependencies that affect the requirements. Examples:•This new product will require a daily download of data from X,•Module X needs to be completed before this module can be built.3. Requirements•Describe all system requirements in enough detail for designers to design a system satisfying the requirements and testers to verify that the system satisfies requirements. •Organize these requirements in a way that works best for your project. See Appendix DAppendix D, Organizing the Requirements for different ways to organize theserequirements.•Describe every input into the system, every output from the system, and every function performed by the system in response to an input or in support of an output. (Specify what functions are to be performed on what data to produce what results at what location for whom.)•Each requirement should be numbered (or uniquely identifiable) and prioritized.See the sample requirements in Functional Requirements, and System Interface/Integration, as well as these example priority definitions:Priority DefinitionsThe following definitions are intended as a guideline to prioritize requirements.•Priority 1 –The requirement is a “must have” as outlined by policy/law•Priority 2 – The requirement is needed for improved processing, and the fulfillment of the requirement will create immediate benefits•Priority 3 –The requirement is a “nice to have” which may include new functionality It may be helpful to phrase the requirement in terms of its priority, e.g., "The value of the employee status sent to DIS must be either A or I" or "It would be nice if the application warned the user that the expiration date was 3 business days away". Another approach would be to group requirements by priority category.• A good requirement is:•Correct•Unambiguous (all statements have exactly one interpretation)•Complete (where TBDs are absolutely necessary, document why the information is unknown, who is responsible for resolution, and the deadline)•Consistent•Ranked for importance and/or stability•Verifiable (avoid soft descriptions like “works well”, “is user friendly”; use concrete terms and specify measurable quantities)•Modifiable (evolve the Requirements Specification only via a formal change process, preserving a complete audit trail of changes)c:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 5 o f 17•Does not specify any particular design•Traceable (cross-reference with source documents and spawned documents).3.1 Functional RequirementsIn the example below, the requirement numbering has a scheme - BR_LR_0## (BR for Business Requirement, LR for Labor Relations). For small projects simply BR-## would suffice. Keep in mind that if no prefix is used, the traceability matrix may be difficult to create (e.g., no differentiation between '02' as a business requirement vs. a test case)The following table is an example format for requirements. Choose whatever format works best for your project.For Example:c:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 6 o f 173.2 User Interface RequirementsIn addition to functions required, describe the characteristics of each interface between the product and its users (e.g., required screen formats/organization, report layouts, menu structures, error and other messages, or function keys).3.3 UsabilityInclude any specific usability requirements, for example,Learnability•The user documentation and help should be complete•The help should be context sensitive and explain how to achieve common tasks•The system should be easy to learn(See /)3.4 PerformanceSpecify static and dynamic numerical requirements placed on the system or on human interaction with the system:•Static numerical requirements may include the number of terminals to be supported, the number of simultaneous users to be supported, and the amount and type of information to be handled.•Dynamic numerical requirements may include the number of transactions and tasks and the amount of data to be processed within certain time period for both normal and peak workload conditions.All of these requirements should be stated in measurable form. For example, "95% of the transactions shall be processed in less than 1 second" rather than “an operator shall not have to wait for the transaction to complete”.3.4.1 CapacityInclude measurable capacity requirements (e.g., the number of simultaneous users to be supported, the maximum simultaneous user load, per-user memory requirements, expected application throughput)3.4.2 AvailabilityInclude specific and measurable requirements for:•Hours of operation•Level of availability required•Coverage for geographic areas•Impact of downtime on users and business operations•Impact of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance on uptime and maintenance communications procedures•reliability (e.g., acceptable mean time between failures (MTBF), or the maximum permitted number of failures per hour).3.4.3 LatencyInclude explicit latency requirements, e.g., the maximum acceptable time (or average time) for a service request.c:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 7 o f 173.5 Manageability/Maintainability3.5.1 MonitoringInclude any requirements for product or service health monitoring, failure conditions, error detection, logging, and correction.3.5.2 MaintenanceSpecify attributes of the system that relate to ease of maintenance. These requirements may relate to modularity, complexity, or interface design. Requirements should not be placed here simply because they are thought to be good design practices.3.5.3 OperationsSpecify any normal and special operations required by the user, including:•periods of interactive operations and periods of unattended operations•data processing support functions•backup and recovery operations•safety considerations and requirements•disaster recovery and business resumption3.6 System Interface/IntegrationSpecify the use of other required products (e.g., a database or operating system), and interfaces with other systems (e.g., UWHires package interfaces with PubCookie and ODS, HEPPS system interfaces with Budget system). For each interface, define the interface in terms of message format and content. For well-documented interfaces, simply provide a reference to the documentation.Outline each interface between the product and the hardware or network components of the system. This includes configuration characteristics (e.g., number of ports, instruction sets), what devices are to be supported, and protocols (e.g., signal handshake protocols).3.6.1 Network and Hardware InterfacesSpecify the logical characteristics of each interface between the product and the hardware or network components of the system. This includes configuration characteristics (e.g., number of ports, instruction sets), what devices are to be supported, and protocols (e.g., signal handshake protocols).3.6.2 Systems InterfacesExample systems interface requirements:A. System1-to-System2 InterfaceThe <external party> will create and send a fixed length text file as an email attachment toSystem2mail@ to be imported into the System2 system for payroll calculation.This file must be received on EDIT day by 4:00 PM in order to be processed in the EDIT night run.The requirements below document the file specifications, data transfer process, and specificschedule. This file is referred to as "FileName" in this document.c:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 8 o f 17File Structure and FormatA1. The FileName file is a fixed length text file.A2. The FileName file is an unformatted ASCII file (text-only).A3. The FileName file contains a batch totals record and several detail records.File Description: Batch Totals RecordA4. The batch totals record can be placed at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the file.A5. The batch totals record contains the following:•Record Type (value: XA)•Process Type (value: A)•Batch Number (3 digit number assigned by Payroll Dept)•Origin Code (AIG)•Total number of detail records•Total deduction amountFile Description: Detail RecordsA6. The FileName file contains a row for each record meeting xxx criteria.A7. Each row in the FileName file contains the following fields, comma-delimited and encased in double-quotes where the data includes commas or spaces:•Employee Id•Record Type•Process Date (MMDDYY)•XYG Number•Element Code•Amount•Amount Sign•Year Flag•Total Amount•Total Amt Sign3.7 Security3.7.1 ProtectionSpecify the factors that will protect the system from malicious or accidental access, modification, disclosure, destruction, or misuse. For example:•encryption•activity logging, historical data sets•restrictions on intermodule communications•data integrity checks3.7.2 Authorization and AuthenticationSpecify the Authorization and Authentication factors. Consider using standard tools such as PubCookie.3.8 Data ManagementSpecify the requirements for any information that is to be placed into a database, including •types of information used by various functions•frequency of use•data access rulesc:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 9 o f 17•data entities and relationships•integrity constraints•data retention•valid range, accuracy, and/or tolerance•units of measure•data formats•default or initial values3.9 Standards ComplianceSpecify the requirements derived from existing standards, policies, regulations, or laws (e.g., report format, data naming, accounting procedures, audit tracing). For example, this could specify the requirement for software to trace processing activity. Such traces are needed for some applications to meet minimum regulatory or financial standards. An audit trace requirement may, for example, state that all changes to a payroll database must be recorded in a trace file with before and after values.3.10 PortabilityIf portability is a requirement, specify attributes of the system that relate to the ease of porting the system to other host machines and/or operating systems. For example,•Percentage of components with host-dependent code;•Percentage of code that is host dependent;•Use of a proven portable language;•Use of a particular compiler or language subset;•Use of a particular operating system;•The need for environment-independence - the product must operate the same regardless of operating systems, networks, development or production environments.4. User Scenarios/Use CasesProvide a summary of the major functions that the product will perform. Organize the functions to be understandable to the customer or a first time reader. Include use cases and business scenarios, or provide a link to a separate document (or documents). A business scenario: •Describes a significant business need•Identifies, documents, and ranks the problem that is driving the scenario•Describes the business and technical environment that will resolve the problem•States the desired objectives•Shows the “Actors” and where they fit in the business model•Is specific, and measurable, and uses clear metrics for success5. Deleted or Deferred RequirementsIdentify any requirements that have been deleted after approval or that may be delayed until future versions of the system. For example:c:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\1114012273.doc February 21, 2020 Page 10 o f 176. Requirements Confirmation/Stakeholder sign-offInclude documentation of the approval or confirmation of the requirements here. For example:APPENDIXThe appendixes are not always considered part of the actual Requirements Specification and are not always necessary. They may include•Sample input/output formats, descriptions of cost analysis studies, or results of user surveys;•Supporting or background information that can help the readers of the Requirements Specification;• A description of the problems to be solved by the system;•Special packaging instructions for the code and the media to meet security, export, initial loading, or other requirements.When appendixes are included, the Requirements Specification should explicitly state whether or not the appendixes are to be considered part of the requirements.Appendix A. Definitions, Acronyms, and AbbreviationsDefine all terms, acronyms, and abbreviations used in this document.Appendix B. ReferencesList all the documents and other materials referenced in this document.Appendix C. Requirements Traceability MatrixThe following trace matrix examples show one possible use of naming standards for deliverables (FunctionalArea-DocType-NN). The number has no other meaning than to keep the documents unique. For example, the Bargaining Unit Assignment Process Flow would be BUA-PF-01.For example (1):Appendix D. Organizing the RequirementsThis section is for information only as an aid in preparing the requirements document.Detailed requirements tend to be extensive. Give careful consideration to your organization scheme. Some examples of organization schemes are described below:By System ModeSome systems behave quite differently depending on the mode of operation. For example, a control system may have different sets of functions depending on its mode: training, normal, or emergency.By User ClassSome systems provide different sets of functions to different classes of users. For example, an elevator control system presents different capabilities to passengers, maintenance workers, and fire fighters.By ObjectsObjects are real-world entities that have a counterpart within the system. For example, in a patient monitoring system, objects include patients, sensors, nurses, rooms, physicians, medicines, etc. Associated with each object is a set of attributes (of that object) and functions (performed by that object). These functions are also called services, methods, or processes. Note that sets of objects may share attributes and services. These are grouped together as classes.By FeatureA feature is an externally desired service by the system that may require a sequence of inputs to affect the desired result. For example, in a telephone system, features include local call, call forwarding, and conference call. Each feature is generally described in a sequence ofstimulus-response pairs, and may include validity checks on inputs, exact sequencing of operations, responses to abnormal situations, including error handling and recovery, effects of parameters, relationships of inputs to outputs, including input/output sequences and formulas for input to output.By StimulusSome systems can be best organized by describing their functions in terms of stimuli. For example, the functions of an automatic aircraft landing system may be organized into sections for loss of power, wind shear, sudden change in roll, vertical velocity excessive, etc.By ResponseSome systems can be best organized by describing all the functions in support of the generation of a response. For example, the functions of a personnel system may be organized into sections corresponding to all functions associated with generating paychecks, all functions associated with generating a current list of employees, etc.By Functional HierarchyWhen none of the above organizational schemes prove helpful, the overall functionality can be organized into a hierarchy of functions organized by common inputs, common outputs, or common internal data access. Data flow diagrams and data dictionaries can be used to show the relationships between and among the functions and data.Additional CommentsWhenever a new Requirements Specification is contemplated, more than one of the organizational techniques given above may be appropriate. In such cases, organize the specific requirements for multiple hierarchies tailored to the specific needs of the system under specification.There are many notations, methods, and automated support tools available to aid in the documentation of requirements. For the most part, their usefulness is a function of organization. For example, when organizing by mode, finite state machines or state charts may prove helpful; when organizing by object, object-oriented analysis may prove helpful; when organizing by feature, stimulus-response sequences may prove helpful; and when organizing by functional hierarchy, data flow diagrams and data dictionaries may prove helpful.。

Definitions :* The 3 parts of the traceability (upstream, internal and downstream ) are totally linked .For memory :-Upstream Traceability = from DANONE to its suppliers-Internal Traceability = from the material reception to final products deliveries (it can be rising [to the raw materials] or going down [to the final Products] )-Downstream Traceability = from the deliveries to the consumer (it’s going down [to the customers] or rising [from consumers to DANONE] )* Identification (static) and traceability (dynamic) are different .* DANONE rules are :1.Downstream TraceabilityRule N° 1 :Danone must be able to retrieve 100% :♦of products manufactured (delivered or not)♦of products sold (manufactured or co-packed, delivered by Danone or other)♦as far as first stage of retailer system (eg Customer Warehouse)♦including Export and other ways of sale♦within 1 day(max.) of incident notification – in practise 2/3 hrs forFrance.Priorities+ Danone brand world-wideInternational Danone brands (e.g. Danon(e), Evian, Volvic,Ferrarelle, … )Other Group brands – prioritised if necessary by Pole.-Retailer’s BrandsRule N° 1 bis :Danone must be able to have samples of each finished product ( Local‘reference library’ ) retain ed for duration of shelf-life.(the minimum being : 2 bottles per team and per line, except for the 5 gallons, too large to stock) .Rule N° 2 : Ensure the interface with customer. (to conserve the traceability chain) :DANONEWATER WWBU QUALITY STANDARD, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT3- FOOD SAFETY T ECHNOLOGY C ENTERWriter Arnaud CLEVY3.3- TRACEABILITY Requirement Date d18/m8/y2000Refer. WTC FS 3.3-2 Update d 23/m10/y2001 Unit of consumption must include the means, visible to the consumer, reliable andinstantly recognisable to identify:-(a)Day of manufacture (link with BB Day)(b)Line of manufacture (link with factory)(c)Hour and Minute of packingUnit of sale must include (out of the usual and legal information) :♦ Contact address (according to local legislation)♦ Contact Telephone number appropriate to country of sale♦ For single variety: (a) and (b) as above (if pack is transparent, noadded information on it)♦ For mixed variety: (a) as above (if shelf-lives are different, theshort one is put on)Cartons/Outers/Cases etc must include (a) and (b) if the unit of sale is not visible.Pallets must each have:-♦ Computerised label♦ Conforming to STD EAN 128/SSCC♦ With direct reading of : Unique pallet numberProduct nameSell By DateSystems requirements♦ Computerised identification of: Pallet (complete & ‘picked’)Cartons/Cases (if coded)and facility to monitor movement of product between sites (‘In’and ‘Out’) wit hin Danone circuit + co-packers + contracteddistributionPriorities for “going on traceability”:+ * UC identification (sell by date, factory)* pallets identification- * Phone number for overseas export2. Upstream traceability :Rule N° 3 : Be able to adapt traceability system to the level of critical for materialsList raw materials and materials in direct contact with product according to following risk criteria ( with questions about presence/contact with the product; naturaltoxicity; %incorporation; process effect; risks perception; previous crisis…) :→Critical (PET, PP, PC, Preform, bottles, caps, and allingredients as minerals, flavor, sugar, preservative..)→Minor (others…)Critical ♦ Log all delivery information from supplier (code, date etc.)♦Trace incorporation into product (start and end time), ideally via.Computerized system.Minor ♦ Record delivery information/Supplier/Batch No.For raw materials and contact materials deeme d ‘Critical’ :♦Determine, with input from CSA, measures to be taken bySuppliers and by Danone to control identified risks and incorporatethese into specification (as close as possible to the “first harvest orindustrial operation” ).♦ Monitor suppliers via. regular audits to ensure compliance.For every material : follow FIFO rule3. Internal traceability :Rule N° 4 : Develop an internal traceability system coherent to the downstream and upstream rules .Find the industrial practices could disturb the downstream function , and solution .0O0。

在系统工程中建立与维护需求跟踪矩阵(RTM)的技术Establish and Maintain Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) Technology In the Systems Engineering为了确保工作产品与需求保持一致，需要建立起二者之间的追溯关系。

在系统工程中，一般可以通过建立与维护需求跟踪矩阵的技术方法来管理需求之间的“垂向”与“水平向”关系。

建立与维护需求与工作产品之间的双向可追溯性，能够确保需求到产品实现的无遗漏和减小偏离，并有助于变更影响分析、覆盖率分析、来源分析、质量分析等，从而提高需求管理效率，减少返工量，降低项目失败的风险。

In order to ensure that the work products and requirements keeps consistent, need to establish the trace relationship between requirements. In the systems engineering, the general can through the establishment and maintenance Requirements Traceability Matrix technical way to manage requirements between "vertical" and "horizontal" relationship. Establish and maintain the requirements and work products between the bidirectional traceability, can ensure that requirement to the product realization of complete and reduce deviation, and help to change the impact analysis, coverage analysis, the source analysis, quality analysis and so on, so as to improve requirements management efficiency and reduce rework amount, reduce the project the risk of failure.需求跟踪矩阵（以下简称RTM，即Requirements Traceability Matrix）是指在系统工程中建立起的需求与相关需求、设计、实现及验证之间双向可追溯的矩阵关系，是确保需求开发和需求管理有效性的重要技术方法。

traceability analysisTraceability AnalysisIntroductionTraceability analysis is the process of tracking and documenting the relationships between requirements, design, code, and testing artifacts. It is an essential part of software development that ensures that every requirement is met and every change made to the system can be traced back to its origin. Traceability analysis provides a clear understanding of how each artifact in the development process contributes to the final product.Benefits of Traceability AnalysisThere are several benefits of traceability analysis, including:1. Improved Quality: Traceability analysis ensures that all requirements are met and all changes are properly documented. This leads to a higher quality product that meets customer expectations.2. Increased Productivity: By providing a clear understanding ofhow each artifact contributes to the final product, traceability analysis reduces rework and improves productivity.3. Better Communication: Traceability analysis promotes better communication between stakeholders by providing a common language for discussing requirements, design, code, and testing artifacts.4. Regulatory Compliance: Traceability analysis is often required by regulatory bodies to ensure that software meets safety and security standards.Traceability MatrixA traceability matrix is a tool used in traceability analysis to track the relationships between requirements, design, code, and testing artifacts. It provides a visual representation of how each artifact contributes to the final product.A traceability matrix typically includes:1. Requirements: A list of all requirements for the system.2. Design Elements: A list of all design elements that satisfy eachrequirement.3. Code Elements: A list of all code elements that implement each design element.4. Test Cases: A list of all test cases that verify each requirement.By using a traceability matrix, developers can easily track changes made throughout the development process and ensure that every requirement is met.Traceability Analysis ProcessThe following steps describe an effective process for performing traceability analysis:1. Identify Requirements: The first step in traceability analysis is to identify all requirements for the system. This includes functional and non-functional requirements.2. Create a Traceability Matrix: Once all requirements are identified, create a traceability matrix that tracks the relationships between requirements, design, code, and testing artifacts.3. Link Artifacts: Link each artifact in the traceability matrix to its corresponding requirement. This ensures that every requirement is met and every change can be traced back to its origin.4. Update Traceability Matrix: As changes are made throughout the development process, update the traceability matrix to reflect these changes.5. Perform Impact Analysis: Use the traceability matrix to perform impact analysis on any changes made to the system. This ensures that all affected artifacts are properly updated and tested.ConclusionTraceability analysis is an essential part of software development that ensures that every requirement is met and every change made to the system can be traced back to its origin. By using a traceability matrix and following an effective process for performing traceability analysis, developers can improve quality, increase productivity, promote bettercommunication between stakeholders, and ensure regulatory compliance.。

1.0 PURPOSE 目的1.1 This procedure defines the product Identification and Traceability system to prevent unintendeduse and ensure the traceability for production and quality.定义产品标识和追溯性系统，防止产品混用，确保对产品质量及形成的过程实现可追溯性。

2.0 SCOPE 范围2.1 Apply to the materials, semi-products and finished products.适用于原料，半成品及成品的标识和追溯。

3.0 DEFINITIONS 定义3.1 Product identification: make clear and understandable mark by special number, part number orcomparable mark and status mark.产品标识：通过特定的编号、零件号、或可比较的记号和状态标记，对产品做出清楚的、易理解的标记。

3.2 Traceability: the capability to trace the history, application or location, it refers to resource ofmaterial and component, manufacturing process, distribution status of delivered products.可追溯性：追溯产品的历史、应用情况或所处场所的能力，涉及材料和零件的来源、加工过程、交付后产品的分布状况。

4.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 参考文件4.1 ISO/TS 16949 Clause 7.5.3 Identification and Traceability 标识和可追溯性5.0 RECORDS 记录5.1 FN-AS-003 Production batch record form《生产批号记录表》6.0 RESPONSIBILITY 职责6.1 Program department create part number.项目部负责创建材料和产品料号。

8 运行8.5生产服务提供8.5.2.1标识和可追溯性---补充可追溯性的目的在于支持对顾客所收产品的开始点和停止点的清楚识别，或者用于发生质量和/或安全相关不符合的情况。

因此，组织应按照下文描述实施标识和可追溯过程。

组织应对所有汽车产品的内部、顾客及法规可追溯性要求进行分析，包括根据风险等级或失效对员工、顾客的严重程度，制定可追溯性计划并形成文件。

这些计划应按产品、过程和制造位置明确适当的可追溯系统、过程和方法，应：a）使组织能够识别不合格品和/或可疑产品；b）使组织能够隔离不合格品和/或可疑产品；c）确保组织能够满足顾客要求和/或法规对响应时间的要求；d）确保保留了成文信息，保留的形式（电子、硬拷贝、档案）使组织能够满足响应时间要求；e）确保各单个产品的序列化标识，如顾客或监管标准有所规定；f）确保标识和可追溯性要求被扩展应用至外部提供的具有安全/监管特性的产品。

8 Operation8. 5 Production and service provision8. 5.2.1 Identification and traceability—supplementalThe purpose of traceability is to support identification of clear start and stop points for product received by the customer or in the field that may contain quality and/or safety-related nonconformities. Therefore，the organization shall implement identification and traceability processes as described below. The organization shall conduct an analysis of internal，customer，and regulatory traceability requirements for all automotive products，including developing and documenting traceability plans，based on the levels of risk or failure severity for employees，customers，and consumers. These plans shall define the appropriate traceability systems，processes，and methods by product，process，and manufacturing location that:a)Enable the organization to identify nonconforming and/orsuspect product；b)Enable the organization to segregate nonconformingand/or suspect product；c)Ensure the ability to meet the customer and/or regulatoryresponse time requirements；d)Ensure documented information is retained in the format（electronic，hardcopy，archive）that enables theorganization to meet the response time requirements；e)Ensure serialized identification of individual products，ifspecified by the customer or regulatory standards；Ensure the identification and traceability requirements are extended to externally provided products withsafety/regulatory characteristics.（1）标示主要包括良品及不良品的标示、特采标示、呆滞品标示、待处理标示。

焊缝追踪程序Welding Seam Traceability Control Procedure1.目的Purpose为了对xx罐区焊缝的可追溯性（包括每条焊缝的焊材、母材、焊工、焊缝位置、无损检测、返修等），实现对焊接过程的有效控制，特制定本程序。

This procedure defined the welding seam traceability of Xx Tank Project (including weding materials, parents material, welder, welding position, NDE test and Repair for each welding seam ), implementing the effective control for welding process.2．范围Scope本程序适用于XX石化项目xx罐区的焊缝追踪。

This procedure is applicable for Welding Traceability of Xx Petrochemical Intermediate and Product Tank project.3．参考文献Reference3.1 《立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐施工及验收规范》GBJ128-90Vertical Cylindrical Steel Welding Tank Constrcution and Acceptance Specification GBJ128-903.2《石油化工立式圆筒形钢制焊接储罐设计规范》SH3046-92Petrochemical Vertical Cylindrical Steel Welding Tank Design Specification SH3046-923.3 《焊接程序》XX25Welding Procedure3.5《焊工培训和资质认定》XX26Wlder Training and Qualification Verification3.6《焊接控制》XX38Welding Control Procedure3.7《XX TANK 焊接施工方案》XX01XX Tank Welding Construction Procedure3.8《NDE管理程序》XX23NDE Managemetn Procedure3.9《焊工培训及资质评定程序》XX24Welder Training and Qualification Assessment Procedure3.10《焊接消耗品控制程序》XX25Welding Consumables Control Procedure4．可追溯性要求Traceability Requirements4.1准备Preparation4.1.1焊材和焊剂的储存、保管、烘干、发放和回收按《焊接消耗品控制程序》XX25要求执行，确保按WPS或PQR所提供的焊材得以有效控制，并具备可追溯性，详见XX25。

开发文档的英文缩写－用于文档编码文档名称英文简写工作任务说明书SOWProcess Handbook (项目过程手册)PHBEstimation Sheet (估计记录)ESTProject Plan (项目计划)PPLSoftware Management Plan( 配置管理计划)CMPSoftware Quality Assurance Plan （软件质量保证计划）QAPSoftware Risk Management Plan （软件风险管理计划）RMPTest Strategy（测试策略）TSTWork Breakdown Structure （工作分解结构）WBSBusiness Requirement Specification(业务需求说明书) BRSSoftware Requirement Specification(软件需求说明书) SRSSystem Testing plan (系统测试计划)STPSystem Testing Cases （系统测试用例）STCHigh Level Design(概要设计说明书)HLDIntegration Testing plan (集成测试计划)ITPIntegration Testing Cases （集成测试用例）ITCLow Level Design (详细设计说明书)LLDUnit Testing Plan ( 单元测试计划)UTPUnit Testing Cases （单元测试用例）UTCUnit Testing Report （单元测试报告）UTRIntegration Testing Report （集成测试报告）ITRSystem Testing Report （系统测试报告）STRRequirements Traceability Matrix (需求跟踪矩阵) RTMConfiguration Status Accounting （配置状态发布）CSAChange Request Form （变更申请表）CRFWeekly Status Report （项目周报）WSRQuality Weekly Status Report （质量工作周报）QSRQuality Audit Report(质量检查报告)QARQuality Check List(质量检查表)QCLPhase Assessment Report （阶段评估报告）PARClosure Report （项目总结报告）CLRReview Finding Form (评审发现表)RFFMinutes of Meeting （会议纪要）MOMMetrics Sheet （度量表）MTXConsistanceCheckForm（一致性检查表）CCFBaseline Audit Form（基线审计表）BAFProgram Trace Form（问题跟踪表）PTF。

顾客特别要求管理程序顾客特别要求管理程序1目的本程序明确顾客特别要求，对顾客特别要求进行控制；如有顾客特别要求时，严格按顾客特别要求进行作业，保证企业的产质量量、交付和/ 或服务满足和切合顾客要求，使顾客满意。

2范围凡本企业产品与戴姆勒- 克莱斯勒、福特、通用及认同QS-9000 标准的其他整车厂（ OEM）、神龙企业及认同EAQF标准的其他整车厂（OEM）等的特别要求均适用之。

3引用文件QS-9000《质量系统要求》（最新版）Q/《文件和资料控制管理程序》Q/《人力资源管理程序》Q/《信息管理程序》Q/《质量记录控制程序》4术语和定义无5职责订单接收及对外联系窗口：研究所/ 市场开发部门。

顾客特别要求评审：项目组。

顾客特别要求执行：项目组和相关部门。

6工作流程和内容工作流程工作内容说明使用表单研究所 / 市场开发部门负责接收顾客的采买订单和/ 或相关技术产品信息 /资料接收评审YES图纸 / 图面。

依项目组长接收到由研究所/ 市场开发部门转收的顾客采买订单和/常或相关技术图纸 / 图面时，第一查察采买订单和 / 或相关技术图纸 / NO 规图面上可否有顾客对产品的特别要求；如有顾客的特别要求时，生产召集项目组成员对顾客特别要求进行评审，形成书面报告。

建立顾客特别要求档案资料:建立顾客特别要求档案资料项目组对评审后的顾客特别要求按顾客种类建立相关顾客特别要求的档案资料, 并由项目组负责归档管理；当顾客的特别要求有发A生更正时，由项目组负责对其进行更正和换新作业，以保证企业随时掌握顾客特别要求的最新状态，满足顾客要求。

工作流程A顾客特别要求刊行顾客特别要求宣传和沟通顾客特别要求培训顾客特别要推行和执行资料归档工作内容说明使用表单项目组按 Q/《文件和资料控制管理程序》进行管理，并将其发散至相关部门。

顾客特别要求宣传、沟通：项目组将按《信息管理程序》之沟通和宣传的路子和方法对顾客的特别要求进行宣传和沟通，以便让企业所有员工认识和理解。

英文的邀请函关于英文的邀请函范文（精选14篇）邀请函可适当添加个性化的邀约文字。

在发展不断提速的社会中，我们经常会用到邀请函，一般邀请函是怎么起草的呢？下面是小编为大家整理的英文的邀请函，欢迎大家分享。

英文的邀请函篇1May 5,20xxDear Mike,This Saturday is my birthday and my parents will hold a simple celebrating party for me. I am glad to invite you to come to the party. Blair, Emma and Roan will also be invited. I am sure we will have a good time. We will have dinner at 18:30 so that you are wished to come at 18:15. My mother is a good cook and you will enjoy the dishes. After the dinner, we will play some small games and then eat the cake. My parents and I sincerely expect you to come and hope to see you then.True yours,Daniel英文的邀请函篇2It’s our great honor to invite you to visit XXX C ompany located at (address) in August, 20xx. This visit will provide an opportunity for you to make a better understanding of our marketing issues, and to communicate our future business cooperation in detail.XXX Company, as one of your distributors in China, has been great progressing in promoting and selling your products. We believe this visit will be of great benefit to our future business cooperation.Please use this invitation letter to apply for your VISA toChina.We are all looking forward to seeing you soon, and should you have any questions, please feel free to inform me.Yours truly,E-works sincerely invite you to join my colleagues and the Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the guide, e-works by Chinese manufacturing information portal network and ChongqingManufacturing Information Productivity Center on july 5 on (Thursday) inChongqing, China Hotel, organized jointly organized the theme "ERP applications, the manufacturing sector management reform China" of the "Fourth China in the manufacturing sector ERP applications will be."At present, the Chinese manufacturing enterprises in the fierce competition, facing an enormous challenge:Availability cycle shortened, reducing profits space, prompted enterprises must strengthen their production costs and delivery time for precision control; The globalization of market competition, customer demand for personalized urge enterprises to use information technology to improve the management level;Customers on product quality and the continuous improvement of traceability requirements, the need for precise requirements of enterprise management; The rapid changes in the market so that enterprises need to achieve rapid reaction and realize the visualization of business operations;The level of information, especially ERP application level and become a world-class manufacturing enterprises enter the enterprise supply chain prerequisite.Dissemination of the management model and advanced managementmethods to help enterprises truly understand the thinking of ERP and related concepts, promote effective management information systems such as ERP and popularity of deepening the application, selection and implementation to reduce risk through the application of ERP Construction of a platform for enterprise management innovation to achieve the financial, logistics, manufacturing and business process integration and refinement ofmanagement, and management of information technology in solving the problems and difficulties, improve the application level of information and application of results, e-works invited Management Information areas ofeminent experts, academics, consultants and industry veteran CIO, and other manufacturing enterprises in the area of information management veteran, July 5 copolymerization Chongqing, China attended the annual ERP fields annual gathering.英文的邀请函篇3An InvitationMay 10, 20xxDear Blake,Mrs. White will soon leave for the United States and we will held a farewell party for her which takes place from 6:00 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. on Friday, May 20, 20xx at the School Club. I am very pleased to invite you toparticipatein the farewell party. Another two foreign teachers you know, Mr. Frazer and Miss Gree are also invited. Please join us to say goodbye to Mrs. White. You are hoped to arrive at 5:50 p.m. I look forward to see you on May 20.Yours sincerely,Yan Yang英文的邀请函篇4dear mr. tay,back now in my own country i wish to thank you sincerely for your hospitality extended to me during my stay in singapore. the opportunity to meet you and your colleagues is something i had long looded forward to, and i can only hope now that one day i may be able to receive you here.i thank you once again.sincerely yours,英文的邀请函篇5To Whom It May Concern,This letter is to invite Mr. xx xx’s as a visiting scholar to the University of xx. Mr. xx, born in December xx, 19xx, comes from the School of xx, University xx, where he is currently a Ph.D. student. I have communicated with Mr. xx for several times and can attest that his English level satisfies our requirements for a visiting scholar.Mr. xx’s visit period will be up to 18 months, from September, 20xx to February, 20xx.Mr. xx’s expenses in the US including travel, living and health-care for the duration of his visit will be fully covered by the China Scholarship Council. There is no tuition requirement for visiting scholars.Mr. xx will focus, during his stay at xx, on the mobile internet applications and the location based services under my supervision. Mr. xx’s visit will help several ongoing projects. He will collaborate with other team members under my advice, as well as my students.Please facilitate the paper work necessary to process his visit.Thank you very much.Sincerely,xxxx英文的'邀请函篇6dear [mr. smith]:it would give [me/us] great pleasure to have your presence at a reception in honor of the chinese delegation.the reception will be held in the [the city hall], on [tuesday, october the fourth]. cocktails will be served promptly at [six] to be followed b dinner at [eight].[i/we] sincerely hope you can attend. let [me/us] know.sincerely yours亲爱的[史密斯先生]:如您能够出席为[中国代表团]而举行的招待会，[我（们）]将感到十分荣幸。

ipd需求管理流程制度英文回答：Objective.The purpose of this document is to establish a systematic and standardized approach for identifying, managing, and prioritizing product development (PD) requirements/needs throughout the Integrated Product Development (IPD) process. This process will ensure that PD requirements are clearly defined and prioritized, and that they are aligned with business objectives and customer needs.Scope.This process applies to all IPD projects, including new product development, product enhancements, and product lifecycle management. It covers the following activities:Identifying and documenting PD requirements.Prioritizing PD requirements.Maintaining and updating PD requirements.Communicating PD requirements to stakeholders.Ensuring PD requirements are met during development.Roles and Responsibilities.The following roles and responsibilities are involved in the IPD requirements management process:Product Manager: Responsible for defining and prioritizing PD requirements, and for ensuring they are aligned with business objectives and customer needs.IPD Team: Responsible for developing and executing the IPD plan, and for ensuring that PD requirements are met during development.Stakeholders: Involved in providing input on PD requirements, and for reviewing and approving the final requirements.Process.The IPD requirements management process consists of the following steps:1. Identify and Document PD Requirements:Gather input from stakeholders on their needs and expectations for the product.Conduct market research to identify competitive benchmarks and customer requirements.Develop a comprehensive list of PD requirements.2. Prioritize PD Requirements:Prioritize requirements based on their impact on business objectives and customer needs.Use a prioritization matrix or other method to assign a priority level to each requirement.3. Maintain and Update PD Requirements:Track the status of PD requirements throughout the IPD process.Make updates to requirements as needed, based on changes in business objectives, customer needs, or technical feasibility.4. Communicate PD Requirements to Stakeholders:Share PD requirements with stakeholders throughout the IPD process.Get feedback from stakeholders on the requirements and ensure they are aligned.5. Ensure PD Requirements are Met During Development:Integrate PD requirements into the IPD plan.Monitor the progress of development against PD requirements.Make any necessary adjustments to the IPD plan or requirements to ensure they are met.Tools and Templates.The following tools and templates can be used to support the IPD requirements management process:Requirements Management Software.Prioritization Matrix.Requirements Traceability Matrix.Continuous Improvement.The IPD requirements management process should be reviewed and improved on a regular basis. This includes:Gathering feedback from stakeholders on the effectiveness of the process.Identifying areas for improvement.Implementing changes to the process to improve its efficiency and effectiveness.中文回答：目的。