全国2011年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题及标准答案

外刊经贸知识选读试题选择题部分一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences.（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）1. Our leading export markets within the European Community are Germany and the United Kingdom.A. newB. weakC. strongD. major2. Assembly manufacturing can be eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.A. powerfulB. foreverC. ableD. legal3. A uniform income-tax rate is applied for every factory or business established in the SEZs.A. sheetB. fullC. sameD. favorable4. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today.A. importantB. powerfulC. activeD. special5. The northeast used to be a moribund center of state industry in China.A. developedB. newC. unusualD. lifeless6. The volume of merchandise exports of developing countries declined by 2% last year.A. serviceB. commodityC. technologyD. trade7. The underpinnings of Mr. Kantor’s decision were plainly found in Mr. Klinton’s trade speech.A. contentsB. supportC. basementD. advantage8. The single market made its debut just as Europe traversed one of its roughest economic storm in year.A. final performanceB. best showC. first appearanceD. previous idea9. China’s average tariff level has dropped to 9. 9 percent in 2005 as the country is earnestly fulfilling its commitments to the WTO.A. taxB. targetC. outputD. salary10. Fearful that it will lose its edge, Japan has fought to prevent the Korean from using its technologies.A. powerB. strengthC. influenceD. advantage11. The oil price increases sent global economy into deep recession.A. prosperityB. improvementC. dissatisfactionD. decline12. Disputes over farm trade have bedeviled the current round of GA TT talks.A. pushedB. supportedC. troubledD. settled13. Another government firm took title to the vehicles and sold them to a local distributor.A. subjectB. ownershipC. certificateD. sample14. The U. S. recently announced an export enhancement program to facilitate its sale of eggs to HK.A. increaseB. cause inconvenienceC. make easyD. trouble15. According to trade sources, futures activity of rubber remains at a virtual standstill.A. prosperityB. stagnationC. progressiveD. unstable非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案【篇一：全国2011年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案】s=txt>外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. the authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the)a. speeding upb. speeding onc. speeding offd. speeding down)a. scratchedb. renovatedc. stimulatedoffice buildings and hotels. ()a. tremendousb. numerousa. determinatingb. toleratingc. improvingof the free-trade agreement. ()a. hugb. embarrassmentc. acceptancechallenges. ()a. increasedb. declinedc. sky-rocketedd. tasted7. at the summit meeting, america insisted that japan should would enable it to meet new import targets. ()a. bring forthb. come acrossc. put offd. reach out8. fearful that rapidly modernizing korean japan has fought to keep the koreans from appropriating its technologies. ()a. competitorsb. representativesd. introduced 3. now zhangjiagang is china’ d. worsening 5. balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in latin america to mr. clinton’ d. balance 6. as europe’s economy has free-market ideas that are new to much of europe face newc. negotiatorsand harder. () d. dealers a. luxurious b. lubricativec. penetratived. profitable)a. possessb. presentc. provided. purchase11. with barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing)a. loanersb. borrowersc. ownerstake the products. ()a. dissuadingb. persistingc. encouragingd. discouraging)a. communicateb. subsidizec. graded. ease14. you can use credit cards but it’s best to take some)a. couponb. moneyc. coind. dime15. lead values moved up to their best level since april last year a settlement ataustralia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines. ()a. withoutb. withc. as二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. exclusive contract 17. preferred status18. spot market19. bank for international settlements20. means of production 21. punitive import tariff22. gdp 23. trade reprisal24. fledgling industries25. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 双边条约 27. 试销市场 28. 原材料d. throughd. believers 29. 收盘价 30. 最惠国待遇31. 技术转让32. 高工资经济 33. 人均收入 34. 经济特区35. 自由贸易区四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）passage 1the us dollar value of chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from us $1.4 billion in 1981 to us $4.4 billion in 1982 and us$3.7 billion in 1983. exports grew much faster thanimports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by china’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years——and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.36. what do “per annum” and “approximately” mean?37. why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on china’s nationaleconomy?38. what is “a net grain exporter”? does it mean one who has never done any import?passage 2korea, once known as the “is plainly on the move. as with “japan, inc.” before it, the new label “korea, inc.” may be no more than a trendy buzzword. but south korea aims to forge just such a national economic machine, using the might of its established giants backed by centralized planners who can mobilize the country’s banks and industrial infrastructure. the heady dreams of actually rivaling japan may never come within reach; korea’s economy, while large by asian standards, is barely one-fifteenth the size of its island neighbor. and it faces a gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldy bureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a chronic shortage of investment capital and heavy commitments to military spending. still, the comparisons with japan, inc. are more than empty flattery; in fact, they signal korea’s 39. what is a “hermit kingdom”?40. what are the disadvantages of korea’s economy when compared with japan’s?41. what does “gathering clout” mean in the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）passage 1in order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. many firms need to order components or equipment to their ownspecifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. firms need reliable suppliers who must be:stable. firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.able. the purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make the goods required. this may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.clear. what is required will usually be made clear in aspec ification. the specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. the supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.an important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. by using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. and delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive, and low prices might mean reduced quality. using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. the suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too. 42. being “stable” means sticking to the same supplier with reliable financial background. ( )43. supplying firms with rich experience, good equipment and staff expertise can only be found inspecialist magazines. ()44. a “clear” supplying firm must initially give the purchaser its specifications clearly and in exacttechnical detail. ()45. having more than one supplier might bring lower price but searching for them might be time-consuming. ()46. according to the passage, there exist different opinions whether or not a purchasing companyshould use more or fewer suppliers for large orders. ()passage 2donegal is located in the windswept wilderness. it might seem an odd place to find one of europe’s most dynamic companies. but a small assembly unit making a muscular stimulation product for leisure and healthcare is blazing a trail. bmr teoranta—the company title in irish—has quietly established a market for itself, making products for muscular therapy and body toning using the brand name slendertone which it bought in 1989.mr. kevin mcdonnell, the chairman, chief executive and owner of 95 per cent of the company, is a little vague about the source of his success. part of it, he says, must be the strong work ethic in the area. he points out that half his employees are from galswegian families with their scottish attitudes of thrift and industry. mr. mcdonnell bought the company for $300,000 and bmr sales are now growing at around 50-60 per cent a year.the medical products business, where growth is less dramatic, but margins are attractive, is seen as the source of the company’s future earnings. in the us alone, the market for muscular stimulation products has jumped from $88m to more than $200m this year.many bmr products are not available over the counter but through catalogues. the company is looking at special advertising on video shopping channels. in the us companies like bmr are prohibited from selling medical products over the counter. in europe this situation is slightly different. bmr, for example, is starting to sell its consumer range in carrefour superstores in france and its range is available in pharmacies. however, under a european union ruling similar to us laws, companies that sell such products will have to reequip their factories to meet new health standards. “i know it sounds a bit smart, but our products have always been seen as industry standard,” says mr. kevin mcdonnell.the company spends ￡1,000,000 a year on research and development, quite a large sum for a company of its size.47. a big company would normally set its manufacturing site in a more prosperous area than donegal.()48. the brand name of this product for muscular therapy is bmr teoranta in irish. ()49. mr. mcdonnell attributed the success of his company to his management and industry.()50. it can be inferred that us laws for selling health products are stricter than the corresponding lawsin europe. ()51. if you want to buy a bmr product in france, you may go to the pharmacies. ()六、翻译题（本大题12分）yet in its current dour mood, europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history’s bloodiest wars. moreover, a fai lure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with european integration could lead to an uaveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.【篇二：00096外刊经贸知识选读全国2013年7月自考试题】s=txt>外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。

全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years as means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology. ( )A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down2. Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped. ( )A. scratchedB. renovatedC. stimulatedD. introduced3. Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone of half-built office buildings and hotels. ( )A. tremendousB. numerousC. noisyD. orderly4. Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developing regions in 1991 was especially noteworthy. ( )A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening5. Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free-trade agreement. ( )A. hugB. embarrassmentC. acceptanceD. balance6. As Europe’s economy has soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges. ( )A. increasedB. declinedC. sky-rocketedD. tasted7. At the summit meeting, America insisted that Japan should come up with specific measures that would enable it to meet new import targets. ( )A. bring forthB. come acrossC. put offD. reach out8. Fearful that rapidly modernizing Korean rivals will intrude on its foreign and domestic markets, Japan has fought to keep the Koreans from appropriating its technologies. ( )A. competitorsB. representativesC. negotiatorsD. dealers9. International consultants who want to secure definite projects at lucrative fees are finding it harder and harder. ( )A. luxuriousB. lubricativeC. penetrativeD. profitable10. A separate, long-running dispute over oilseeds does still pose a threat. ( )A. possessB. presentC. provideD. purchase11. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealingexport earnings from creditors. ( )A. loanersB. borrowersC. ownersD. believers12. However, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo still face a struggle in persuading bottlers across the nation totake the products. ( )A. dissuadingB. persistingC. encouragingD. discouraging13. Tractors and other agricultural machines greatly facilitate farming. ( )A. communicateB. subsidizeC. gradeD. ease14. You can use credit cards but it’s best to take some currency as well. ( )A. couponB. moneyC. coinD. dime15. Lead values moved up to their best level since April last year in the absence of a settlement atAustralia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines. ( )A. withoutB. withC. asD. through二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. exclusive contract 17. preferred status18. spot market 19. Bank for International Settlements20. means of production 21. punitive import tariff22. GDP 23. trade reprisal24. fledgling industries 25. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 双边条约27. 试销市场28. 原材料29. 收盘价30. 最惠国待遇31. 技术转让32. 高工资经济33. 人均收入34. 经济特区35. 自由贸易区四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent per annum between 1978 and 1983, while imports increased by approximately 11 per cent per annum. As a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US $1.4 billion in 1981 to US $4.4 billion in 1982 and US$3.7 billion in 1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years—China became a net grain exporter in 1984—and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.36. What do “per annum” and “approximately” mean?37. Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on China’s nationaleconomy?38. What is “a net grain exporter”? Does it mean one who has never done any import?Passage 2Korea, once known as the “Hermit Kingdom”, is plainly on the move. As with “Japan, Inc.” before it, the new label “Korea, Inc.” may be no more than a trendy buzzword. But South Korea aims to forge just such a national economic machine, using the might of its established giants backed by centralized planners who can mobilize the country’s banks and industrial infrastructure. The heady dreams of actually rivaling Japan may never come within reach; Korea’s economy, while large by Asian standards, is barely one-fifteenth the size of its island neighbor. And it faces a gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldy bureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a chronic shortage of investment capital and heavy commitments to military spending. Still, the comparisons with Japan, Inc. are more than empty flattery; in fact, they signal Korea’s gathering clout.39. What is a “Hermit Kingdom”?40. What are the disadvantages of Korea’s economy when compared with Japan’s?41. What d oes “gathering clout” mean in the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1In order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. Many firms need to order components or equipment to their own specifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. Firms need reliable suppliers who must be: Stable. Firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. Thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.Able. The purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make the goods required. This may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. Some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. Trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.Clear.What is required will usually be made clear in a specification. The specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. The supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.An important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. By using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. And delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. Arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive, and low prices might mean reduced quality. Using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. The suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too.42. Being “stable” means sticking to the same supplier with reliable financial background. ( )43. Supplying firms with rich experience, good equipment and staff expertise can only be found inspecialist magazines. ( )44. A “clear” supplying firm must initially give the purchaser its specifications clearly and in exacttechnical detail. ( )45. Having more than one supplier might bring lower price but searching for them might be time-consuming. ( )46. According to the passage, there exist different opinions whether or not a purchasing companyshould use more or fewer suppliers for large orders. ( )Passage 2Donegal is located in the windswept wilderness. It might seem an odd place to find one of Europe’s most dynamic companies. But a small assembly unit making a muscular stimulation product for leisure and healthcare is blazing a trail. BMR Teoranta—the company title in Irish—has quietly established a market for itself, making products for muscular therapy and body toning using the brand name Slendertone which it bought in 1989.Mr. Kevin McDonnell, the chairman, chief executive and owner of 95 per cent of the company, is a little vague about the source of his success. Part of it, he says, must be the strong work ethic in the area. He points out that half his employees are from Galswegian families with their Scottish attitudes of thrift and industry. Mr. McDonnell bought the company for $300,000 and BMR sales are now growing at around 50-60 per cent a year.The medical products business, where growth is less dramatic, but margins are attractive, is seen as the source of the company’s future earnings. In the US alone, the market for muscular stimulation products has jumped from $88m to more than $200m this year.Many BMR products are not available over the counter but through catalogues. The company is looking at special advertising on video shopping channels. In the US companies like BMR are prohibited from selling medical products over the counter. In Europe this situation is slightly different. BMR, for example, is starting to sell its consumer range in Carrefour superstores in France and its range is available in pharmacies. However, under a European Union ruling similar to US laws, companies that sell such products will have to reequip their factories to meet new health standards. “I know it sounds a bit smart, but our products have always been seen as industry standard,” says Mr. Kevin McDonnell.The company spends ￡1,000,000 a year on research and development, quite a large sum for a company of its size.47. A big company would normally set its manufacturing site in a more prosperous area than Donegal.( )48. The brand name of this product for muscular therapy is BMR Teoranta in Irish. ( )49. Mr. McDonnell attributed the success of his company to his management and industry.( )50. It can be inferred that US laws for selling health products are stricter than the corresponding lawsin Europe. ( )51. If you want to buy a BMR product in France, you may go to the pharmacies. ( )六、翻译题（本大题12分）Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have le d to some of history’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.。

全国自考外刊经贸知识选读考前密卷00096(含答案)一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多项选择或未选均无分。

第1题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第2题 .【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第3题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第5题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第6题 .【正确答案】 A 此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第8题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第9题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第11题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第12题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第14题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第15题 .【正确答案】 D二、将以下英语单词或词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题 trade sanctions第2题 intellectual property right【正确答案】知识产权第3题 conglomerate【正确答案】跨行业公司第4题 exclusive contract【正确答案】独家经销合约第5题 trade reprisal【正确答案】贸易报复第6题 sovereignty dispute【正确答案】主权争端第7题 allocation of resources【正确答案】资源配置第8题 auction【正确答案】拍卖第9题 tough policy【正确答案】强硬的政策第10题 surplus labour【正确答案】剩余劳动力三、将以下汉语词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题现货市场【正确答案】 spot market第2题反垄断【正确答案】 anti—trust第3题合资企业【正确答案】 joint venture第4题试销【正确答案】 test marketing第5题反补贴税【正确答案】 countervailing duty第6题国民生产总值【正确答案】 Gross National Product(GNP)第7题高增长率【正确答案】 high rates of growth第8题通货紧缩【正确答案】 deflation第9题中央银行【正确答案】 central bank第10题试销市场【正确答案】 test market四、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题9分，共18分〕The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer b rown eggs over white. In fact, 90 per cent or more of the fresh eggs c onsumed are brown. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food shops.Chinese consumers prefer the deeper color of brown egg yolks—often consideredessential to the color of many Chinese dishes. Chinesestyle restaurants also f ind that brown eggs are more popular with customers.Chinese eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage , depending on the consumer.To the Chinese consumer, the odor is indicative of a “good egg〞 and isan important reason, in addition to a price advantage, for the popularity of Chinese eggs. The odor, however, is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food outlets.第1题How many per cent do the Chinese constitute of Hong Kong’s popula tion【正确答案】 Chinese constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population.第2题 What kinds of eggs are more popular with customers【正确答案】 Fresh eggs with brown color.第3题What is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hote ls【正确答案】The odor is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels.Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears tactical, intended topressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negot iations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to tur n up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same welltrod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement thatwould provide only small gains for US companies. The same political pressur es from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now beari ng down on the Clinton team.第1题Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading part ners【正确答案】The Clinton administration has made up its mind to force its trading part ners to offer concessions so that it can resume negotiations with them on several fronts.第2题What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared t o see【正确答案】They are prepared to see US trade relations with its trading partners goi ng from bad to worse.第3题Please paraphrase “Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the s ame welltrod path as the Bush administration.〞【正确答案】Mr. Clinton and his advisers are adopting the same tough trade policies as the Bush administration.五、正误推断题〔本大题共10个题，每题2分，共20分〕如果正确，请写“T〞；如果错误，请写“F〞。

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ，significantly ，considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ； unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。

高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试卷A卷一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960—1962.( )A. exaggeratedB. celebratedC. worsenedD. facilitated2.The following year, a tax law for joint venture was promulgated.( )A. announcedB. prolongedC. transformedD. upgraded3.Growing ties between China’s traders an d their partners in Taiwan and Hong Kong are creating an unofficial but formidable “greater China” trade bloc.( )A. formalB. powerfulC. fundamentalD. rational4.The index of nonoil primary commodity prices in nominal dollar terms declines for the third consecutive year, and the index in real terms hits an all-time low.( )A. communicativeB. intensiveC. selectiveD. successive5.This push to expand U.S. manufacturing exports is considered essential politically to fulfill the President’s prom ise.( )A. promotionB. purposeC. pressureD. pull6.One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years. （）A. goes throughB. goes offC. goes downD. goes on7.Japan’s government is deeply opposed to a new policy geared to “quantifiable results” for some products. ( )A. generated toB. suitable forC. followed byD. acquainted with8.The Japanese will not be able to keep a lid on their high-tech know-howforever. Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge.( )A. hopeB. heartC. advantageD. disadvantage9.The most visible result of this buoyant market in both centers is a plethora of new multi-storey commercial and residential buildings.( )A. positive`B. activeC. passiveD. negative10.The U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) is providing at least $120 million to spur investment in three Central American nations that are signatories to a free-trade agreement with the United States.( )A. restrictB. restrainC. supportD. stimulate11.The Northrop Corporation of the United States located a purchaser for Swiss elevators in Egypt. ( )A. sellerB. distributorC. brokerD. buyer12.Pepsi is concentrating on distributing Slice through bottlers who have no conflict.( )A. contractingB. distributingC. focusingD. promoting13.Chinese eggs dominate the fresh egg market with more than an 80-per cent share.( )A. controlB. concentrateC. constrainD. comply14.For most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities, this is proving to be a grim decade.( )A. communitiesB. productsC. commandsD. districts15.But a recovery was made on the back of sterling’s weaker trend against the dollar.( )A. supportingB. surroundingC. influencingD. following二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）1. barrier-free market2.trade surplus3.inflation4.barter trade5.futures market6.current account7.budget deficit8.invisible tradepensation trade10. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1.市场力量2.货币政策3.最惠国待遇4.世界贸易组织5.国民收入6.商品市场7.服务贸易8.初级产品9.国际货币基金组织10.人均国内生产总值四、简答题( 本大题共6 小题，共18 分)Passage 1American hopes that pressure from the U. S.will force Japan to suddenly dismantle its trade barriers are almost certain to evaporate in disappointment. The fact is that Washington faces an obstacle far more formidable than a few power brokers in Tokyo's government offices. It must buck centuries-old, deeply ingrained Japanese customs. To move the Japanese government, Washington must move an entire nation.Questions:1.What are American hopes?2.Can their hopes come true? Why? Or why not?3.What does 'move' mean in the given context?Passage 2some of the Clinton administration's tough talk appears tactical, intended to pressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade- and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well - trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies. The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now bearing down on the Clinton team.Questions:1.Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading partners?2.What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared to see?3.Please paraphrase"Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same well- trod path as the Bush administration."五、正误判断题（本大题共10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分）Passage 1Haier appliances feature the latest technology and styles and have a reputation for durability. Ranked China's NO.1 consumer - electronics maker, Haier accounts for nearly 40% of the country's refrigerator sales and a third of its washing - machine and air -conditioner sales.And it hopes to become an export powerhouse - "a famous global brand like Japan's Matsushita," President Zhang Ruimin says. It already sells washing machines to Japan,air conditioners to France and refrigerators to the U.S.Haier's success is helping the Chinese government pursue its goal of steering the economy away from labor - intensive industries such as textiles and toys and encouraging home - grown electronics and technology companies to compete with Japan,South Korea and other Asian nations as a global source of high-tech products.Statements:1.Haier appliances are technology - oriented,durable,but out of fashion.( )2.As the No.1 consumer-electronics maker in China,Hairer accounts for over 30% of the country's washing - machine and air-conditioner sales.( )3.Haier's success has enabled the Chinese government to achieve its goal of steering the economy away from labor-intensive industries such as textiles and toys.( )4.Just like Japan's Matsushita. Haier has now become a famous global brand, selling washing machines to Japan, air conditioners to France and refrigerators to the U.S.( )5.Haier's success encourages Chinese electronics and technology companies to compete with Japan, South Korea and other Asian nations.( )Passage 2A year ago. AT&T looked as if it might soon be sleeping with the fishes. Its long- time boss, Bob Allen, had been replaced in November 1997 by Michael Armstrong from Hughes Electronics, who was a relative novice in the telecoms business. The firm's long-distance operation was being whittled away by newcomers such as WorldCom.Its international alliances were floundering. and it had wasted $ 4 billion trying to persuade its uppity offspring, the Baby Bells, to let it into their lucrative $ 100 billion local markets. People whispered that the only good bit of AT&T had been its equipment business.Yet in the past six months Mr. Armstrong has silenced most of his critics. Some of his moves - for instance slimming AT&T's workforce by another18,000 people and piling money into Internet research - were only to the expected. But AT&T has also begun to throw its weight around:It has terrified the Baby bells, first by buying TeleCommunications Inc, America's biggest cable -TV firm, for $ 48 billion and, this week, by forming a joint - venture with Time Warner, the second -biggest cable group, to deliver local telephone services. AT&T now has a potential line into 50 million American houses (more than 40% of the total), and it talking with other big cable operators about extending its reach.Statements:1.When Machael Armstrong replaced Bob Allen in November 1997, he was considered as an expert in the telecoms business.( )2.Though AT&T's long - distance operation was being reduced, its international alliances were doing extremely well.( )3.Mr.Armstrong was expected to make more employees redundant soon after he became the new boss of AT&T.( )4.Undr Machale Armstrong,AT&T threw its weight around by buying TeleCommunications Inc, and by forming a joint - venture with Time Warner.( )5.Mr. Armstrong was quite irresolute in dealing with his critics.( )六、翻译题（本大题12 分）Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods，produced by the equipment provided，in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.。

外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案三、课后问题：1、What‘s the meaning of ―the pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖?―The pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖ refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China‘s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by ―when‖ in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognit ion that foreign technology could playa major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.‖(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。

) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on C hina‘s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China‘s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What‘s ―a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)‖? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter‖ should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported withina period of time.5、―The strong increase in imports last year is att ributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government‘s trade and foreigninvestment policies.‖(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。

全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题Ⅰ.Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Unlike cereals and other farm goods, which the Uruguay round aimed to bring within the GATT’s jurisdiction for the first time, oilseeds already fall within it.（）A. justificationB. authorityC. justiceD. announcement2.Speculators profited handsomely from the price fluctuation of the 1990s.（）A. stabilityB. flexibilityC. volatilityD. regulation3.In this project everybody does his own share of the work.（）A. participationB. portionC. promotionD. production4.The treaty stipulates a member’s obligations and benefits.（）A. privilegeB. dutyC. abilityD. action5. Facing the challenge of cheap American corn in the 1870s, Danish farmers developed a lucrative market exporting butter, eggs, and bacon to the UK.（）A. smoothB. profitableC. substantialD. sophisticated6.It is not a blueprint for how the single market will actually work.（）A. detailed planB. blue colorC. legal frameworkD. blue printer7.In this area, some foreign investors can enjoy tax breaks.（）A. intervalsB. preferential gapsC. restsD. preferential policies8.The foreign company locates an agent in Shanghai.（）A. situatesB. securesC. placesD. flourishes9.The store discounted all clothing for the sale.（）A. expanded on scaleB. extended to some degreeC. put to an endD. reduced in price10.Major suppliers to the Hong Kong egg market are making greater efforts to increase thecompetitiveness of their products.（）A. capability of competitionB. possibility of competitionC. probability of competitionD. competitor11.There is a rigid export quota in that country.（）A. flexibleB. stupidC. rapidD. stiff12.Foreign trade plays a major role in the Four Modernizations program.（）A. partB. ruleC. partnerD. roll13. Businessmen battled with bureaucracy in an effort to fulfill their hopes.（）A. turn outB. fill outC. carry outD. come out14.Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy in the near future.（）A. directingB. proceedingC. indicatingD. foretelling15.There were no breakthroughs in the Uruguay Round ofGATT negotiations on key elements.（）A. achievementsB. failuresC. accommodationsD. sluggishnessⅡ.Translate the following phrases into Chinese:(10%)16.trade fairs and exhibitions17.preferential tax rate18.vested interests21.European integration22.bilateral pacts23.countervailing duty24.fledgling industries25.deinflationary policiesⅢ.Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁Ⅳ.Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)passage 1The company’s new formula was designed partly to keep Coke’s sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans, whoguzzle more soda than water, the rest of world is still in the sipping stage. Coca-Cola’s goal is to kick up its slowing growth rate outside the U.S. from about 3% a year to 10%. Company executives think a less filling, more “guzzleable” new Coke will help.Domestically, sales of soft drinks have been bubbling a long nicely. They grew 6% last year, vs. 2% to 3% a few years ago. But the cola makers may experience more growing pains, at least with the high-calorie colas that account for half of all sales (diet colas hold about 12%). Baby-boomers are showing a strong preference for healthier, less fattening drinks as they age-every-thing from diet soda to bottled water to fruit juice.36.What is the difference between “guzzle” and “ sip” in meaning?37.What doe s “less filling” mean?38.Could you tell the reason why there is a slow increase of high-calorie-cola sales?Passage 2Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xingjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. It is creeping inland, from Jiangsu to the cities of Congqing and Wu-han, where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories. And it has penetrated the northeast, where the city of Shengyan, long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business, from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China’s state council, or cabinet, are giddy withexcite-ment-and exhaustion. “We don’t have people, we don’t have time,” says one. “Things are moving too fast.”economy early in the 21st century.39.What do the phrases “dynamic economy” and “the world’s dominant economy” mean?40.What is the meaning of “We don’t have people” in the underlined sentence?41.What are some Western experts predicting?Ⅴ.Read the following two passages and decide wheth er the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given:(20%)Passage 1In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia. Hungarian Foreign Minister Geza Jeszenszky told EC leaders that the “entirely unwarranted (move) smacks of a most regrettable survival of the notion of an Eastern bloc.”The EC followed with antidumping duties and “voluntary”export restraints on cert ain steel products from Hungary and Poland. And just days after signing the EFTA free trade agreement in early April, Austria introduced import quotas on chemicals, cement agricultural machinery, and steel from Eastern Europe. West Europeans claim that their eastern neighbors have an unfair advantage because of low wages, state subsidies and low environmental standards.Although the EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on most industrial goods over 10 years, most agricultural products are not included in the agreements. This is critical for Hungary, with its extensive farm sector.“The EC is never going to let Hungary achieve its potential output,” says Iowa David Andres, who has studied Hungarian agriculture firsthand ,” They’re already afraid of Hungary.”Statements:42. “In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat, and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth, disease in Croatia.” Here imposed a ban means shut out imports. ( )43. With the EC and EFTA agreements, there will hardly be any improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s agricultural products. ( )44.The EC and EFTA agreements will let Hungary achieve its agricultural potential output.45.There will be a lot of improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s products except agricultural products. ( )46.The EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on all the products over 10 years. ( ) Passage 2It is time to junk much conventional wisdom about the US economy. Until recently, most analysts assumed the recovery from recession would remain abnormally weak. And looking further ahead they assume that the US would continue to decline economically relative to other industrial countries, principally Japan and a more unified European Community.Both assumptions are now looking shaky. A clutch of much stronger than expected data suggests the US recovery is finally beginning to take off. Output per hour increased 2.7percent last year-the fastest productivity growth in 20 years.With productivity increases translating into impressive gains in corporate profits, US share prices are hitting record high andthe dollar is beginning to climb relative to other leading currencies. For internationally mobile capital, the attractions of the US economy are enhanced by worse than expected performance just about everywhere else. Growth throughout Europe is being held back by the strains imposed by German unification andencouraging inflation outlook for a generation. Consumer prices are expected to rise by only about 2.5% to 3% this year and next.Mr. Clinton, however, in his State of Union address on February 17, is expected to announce an economic stimulus worth about US $ 30 billion, or 0.5 percent of GDP. He will also announce longer term plans to tackle the familiar budget deficit, now running at about $ 300 billion but expected nearly to double within a decade because of runaway growth of spending on health care and other ‘entitlement’ programs.Statements:47.The conventional wisdom about the US economy assumed that the recovery would remain abnormally weak.( )48.The US economy recovery becomes more attractive for internationally mobile capital because the US recovery is abnormally strong.( )49.Both assumptions are now looking right.( )50.Mr. Clinton will make effort to slash the familiar budget deficit.( )51. The budget deficit of US is expected to be worse in the next ten years.( )Ⅵ.Translate the following passage into Chinese:(12%)The local Arabic press has given full coverage to the council’s debates and to a series of informal majlis discussionsheld weekly during Ramadan. In the latter, the issues of youth unemployment, drugs, the role of women and the size of the immigrant population were freely discussed. However, observers say Western-style democracy is not on the political agenda as the majlis system enjoys legitimacy and appears well-suited to the tribal traditions of Gulf society.全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题1. After the president’s speech, the stock pr ice slumped by10 percent yesterday.（）A. increasedB. droppedC. wavedD. showed2. Jack finally reached a bargain with the antique dealer over the vase.（）A. a sanctionB. an approachC. a traditionD. an agreement3. The following year, a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.（）A. draftedB. issuedC. broadcastD. proposed4. Sales forecasts are outside my province —you should discuss them with the manager.（）A. problemB. programC. fieldD. task5. These eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the consumer.（）A. an onlyB. a pleasantC. a desirableD. an unusual6. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,”says the Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line for retaliation.”（）A. revengeB. recoveryC. reflectionD. inflation7. We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world competition.（）A. instanceB. resistanceC. momentD. background8. If companies can’t get their products distributed nationwide, marketing them will be more expensive.（）A. spreadB. spentC. contributedD. attributed9. The real estate has increasingly become vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate.（）A. strongly resistant toB. gradually accustomed toC. more adapted toD. easily attacked by10. At five o’clock in the afternoon the city streets are a series of bottlenecks.（）A. bottling chambersB. narrow parts of bottlesC. bottlenosesD. traffic jams11.We had a dispute about how much money he owes me.（）A. disposeB. discountC. quarrelD. quota12. The bilateral surplus with America is also growing rapidly.（）A. one-edgedB. two-edgedC. one-sidedD. two-sided13. There were several rounds of negotiation before China entered WTO.（）A. mistakesB. sensesC. circlesD. sessions14. The economic crisis has seriously affected French exports.（）A. effectedB. reflectedA. influencedB. bargainedC. offendedD. balanced第二部分非选择题(共70分)II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.unfair trade17.exclusive contract18.per capita income19.long-term strategy20.GATT21.financial crisis22.trade representative23.physical market24.financial deregulation25.sovereignty disputeIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1In the past few days differences between the United States and the European Community on farm trade have narrowed almost to nothing. As a result the world is now close to concluding the Uruguay round of GATT talks. That deal is admittedly far from perfect, a series of messy compromises. The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight. Never mind. On a conservative estimate the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement.36.Why does the passage say that the Uruguay round is close to conclusion?37.What do “far from” and “sheltered” mean?38.How can the Uruguay round be described by a non-conservative estimate?Passage 2Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all But counter trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”39.What are the advantage and disadvantage of barter?40.What does “global firms” refer to?41.Why do countries with strong foreign exchange positionneed counter trade?V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1Holst and Company, a member of the Northwest Holst Group, has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. It claims to be the first UK construction company to do this. The three-month trial period is being conducted with the approval of the overwhelming majority of the head offices. All 150 employees must be at their job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, less a one-our lunch break. They may choose arrival and departure times from 8 to 10 am and 4 to 6 pm. 150 hours have to be put in over each four week period. Credit or debit time of up to 7 and 1/2 hours may be carried forward to the next four-week period. Hengstler Flextime recording equipment is being used for the trial. The managing director of Holst, Mr Colin Cashmore, commented, “This is an exercise in responsibility. We regard our staff as very responsible people and it is only on this basis that the flexible working hours system can succeed.”He emphasized that if after the trial a majority of the staff was opposed to the system, it would not be continued. If, on the other hand, it proved successful, the company would consider extending Flextime to its other offices throughout the country.Statements:42. The Northwest Holst Group has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. （）43. Every employee must be at his or her job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, including a one-hour lunchbreak.（）44. All 150 employees are free to choose their arrival and departure times during the day.（）45. If all the staff of Holst and Company were not responsible, the flexible working hours system could not succeed.（）46. Holst and Company has decided to carry out the flexible working hours system even if the majority of the staff is opposed to it.（）Passage 2Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. The optimists have predicted that the powerhouse economy is suffering only a temporary slowdown. Yet virtually every key indicator continues to deteriorate. The much-vaunted “soft landing”is cleaning not in the cards. Recovery is further away than many people imagine, and it will be slow and erratic when it does come.Alarmed at the rapid asset-price inflation of the mid-1980s, bureaucrats intervened to head off a crash.Japan dipped decidedly into recession as GDP fell 0.2％in the second quarter of 1992, 0.4% in the third and 0.3% in the fourth. Industrial output shrank 6.1% last year. Now we’re starting to see bankruptcies by industrial and service companies. The recession is no longer confined to the bubble economy-it has entered the real economy.Japanese companies do have an impressive track record of responding to crisis situations. They rebounded very quickly from the oil-price shock in 1973 and more recently offset the rising Yen by boosting productivity and shifting operations overseas.This time around, however, they face a much harder andlonger road to recovery. Recession is going to be very difficult for Japan.The restructuring trend may itself exacerbate the problem. To try to shore up faltering profits, companies will slash capital investment and employee benefits. This in turn will further damage consumer confidence. Around 20% of Japan’s GNP comes from business investment, with a whopping 60% from consumer spending.Consumer confidence has also been hurt by layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses. For a long time there have been more new job offers than there were seekers, but this has fallen recently. For most Japanese this is an extraordinary occurrence.Statements:47. Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. Here“the most wrenching adjustment”means“the most painless adjustment”.（）48. As GNP fell successively and there are bankruptcies in some companies, we can say for certain that the economy is undoubtedly in recession.（）49. Japanese industries were known to be remarkably flexible in adjusting to economic crisis. This time it’s going to be very difficult for them to emerge from recession. （）50. Consumer c onfidence is vitally important to Japan’s economy, because employee benefits were slashed.（）51. The recent occurrence of layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses is quite unusual to most Japanese, as fora long time there have been more job offers than seekers. （）VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Farmers bartered rice for machinery.A. exportedB. importedC. exchangedD. charged2. Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.A. procedureB. stimulusC. potentialD. section3. For China’s newly-rising enterprises, profits are up throughout the region — thanks largely to low wages.A. productsB. salesC. bonusesD. returns4. The workers demanded the same wage and the same treatment! There must be no discrimination.A. distributionB. prejudiceC. agreementD. performance5. Victims of the world’s largest industrial accident got $470 million compensation.A. conversationB. paymentC. preparationD. competition6. South Korea needs only some degree of sweat and some degree of technological sophistication.A. effortB. waterC. feverD. sweet7. Experts predict that the stock market will remain buoyant.A. buyingB. risingC. decliningD. descending8. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991.A. betteredB. determinedC. worsenedD. damaged9. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.A. pointB. pressureC. pullD. priority10. Measures to reduce costs are beginning to take effect.A. affect all sidesB. produce desired resultsC. impact costD. have influence11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment.A. spreadB. spoilC. stimulateD. spill12. I wanted to go out, but I had no money. I had no alternative but to stay at home.A. alternateB. chooseC. alertD. choice13. A key element of his economic program is the promotion of free trade and investment.A. encouragementB. protectionC. excitementD. innovation14. Speculators deserted the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.A. stockB. assetC. equalityD. salesC. localD. abroadII. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.most-favored nation treatment17.trade surplus18.hard currency19.merger of banks20.liquid assets21.a hermit nation22.trade negotiation23.at a rough estimate24.Chinese Export Commodities Fair25.foreign exchange reservesIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of itsbamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1.3 billion consumers no longer seems like a pipedream. The Chinese－in particular the rural population－are getting richer and now want visible improvements to their standard of living: they aspire to own colour TV sets, refrigerators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing. Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.36.Please paraphrase “has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain” in Line 1.37.What is implied by using the word “better”? Does it refer merely to the quality of goods here or something more?38.What do “having access to” and “sales” mean?Passage 2Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets－an approach to trade policy that supporters call “result-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead toa trans-Pacific confrontation.39.Please give a synonym to the expression “give in” and explain the meaning of “draw the line”.40.What would Japan do in the past when foreign countriesput pressure on its international trade policy?41.Plea se paraphrase the underlined sentence “No longer, it seems”.V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1China is now reaching for the next rung on the economic ladder. Last fall Beijing agreed to open its markets to more U.S. goods, including everything from Polaroid film to automobiles. In return, Washington would support China’s membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Membership in this club, which includes all the world’s leading economies, could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy. Already though, China’s commercial strength is starting to worry competitors. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics. Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most -favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line f or retaliation.”Statements:42. China’s trade surplus, mainly from exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, decreased last year.43. The strategy of opening markets to more U.S. goods is adopted by Chinese leaders in the hope of obtainingWashi ngton’s support in winning back China’s membership in GATT.44. China became the country which held the largest trade surplus with the U.S. last year.45. In the past, the trade imbalance was regarded as the more important source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China than human rights.46. Officials in Beijing attach much importance to the trade surplus.Passage 2Nike is the world’s largest supplier of athletic footwear and among the most successful consumer-products companies to have emerged in the past 20 years. Part of that success has come about by paying rock-bottom wages to the workers who make the shoes. All but 1% of the 90 million shoes Nike makes each year are manufactured in Asia.Nike is as American as Coca-cola. Part of its appeal to the millions of people around the world who buy its athletic shoes is that Nike is selling a sense of freedom. “Just do it!” exult Nike’s advertisements.But there is a rough side to this dream: the ruthlessness with which Nike pares its costs. The company is forfactories; 20 have closed in the past five years or so and another 35 have opened.Nike may look like an all-American enterprise, but its success relies on its ability to harness Asia’s spectacular manufacturing expertise. “We’re always looking fo r new manufacturing sources,”says Nike’s vice-president for production. “People ask why we don’t produce more in Eastern Europe, but we’ve concluded that the most capable manufacturers are in Asia.”The organization of Nike is simple and effective. All the production risk is taken by contractors. “We don’t know the first thing about manufacturing,” says Nike’s vice-president for Asia-Pacific. “We are marketers and designers.”There are the areas on which it concentrates its resources. Yet it retains the advantages of firms which produce in-house, namely a high degree of control over quality and the ability to respond rapidly to changing tastes.Until recently, almost all Nike’s shoes were made in South Korea and Taiwan, but as labor costs there have soared, the firm’s contractors in these two areas have moved much of their production to cheaper sites in Indonesia and Thailand.Statements:47. The most important ingredient of Nike’s success is giving people a sense of freedom.48. The quantity of shoes Nike manufactures in Asia each year is about 90 million.49. As all the production risk is taken by contractors, Nike’s main concentration is on marketing and designing.50.Nike prefers to produce in Asia rather than in Eastern Europe because they think the Asian market is bigger than Eastern Europe’s.51. To keep costs low, Nike’s most important strategy is to produce in countries where labor costs are still low.VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)52.In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, produced an “Earth Charter,” or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development; agreements on specific legal。

全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. His employer transferred him to another office.A. renovatedB. changedC. aspiredD. exchanged2. The Chinese government plans to speed up rural development.A. distributeB. contributeC. moderateD. accelerate3. This boom in adult education, in turn, helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country.A. growthB. measureC. bonusD. behemoth4. Companies like IBM and Dell are starting to offer comparable packages for open source solutions.A. similarB. reliableC. cyclicalD. considerable5. As a consequence of something which happens in the game, a player must do something silly.A. conversationB. paymentC. competitionD. result6. EU takes steps to remove an obstruction from Chinese textile imports held up at EU frontiers.A. unlockB. unloadC. unblockD. unbind17. It requires the return of excess revenue to taxpayers when state revenue exceeds the amount forecast at the start of a budget period by more than 2 percent.A. expensiveB. surplusC. extensiveD. rough8. The recent statement of the president forecast a change in the situation.A. diminishedB. capitulatedC. concentratedD. foreshadowed9. The factory must aim at developing new models of machines.A. targetB. outstripC. justifyD. enforce10. The appointment of an experienced UAE diplomat will add weight to the UAE’s voice in the organization.A. heightB. importanceC. widthD. appearance11. Record oil prices in the international market pose no threat to the Swiss economy at the moment.A. proposeB. possessC. presentD. protect12. Northrop Corporation located a purchaser for Swiss elevators in Egypt.A. pulledB. foundC. pushedD. chose13. The Audit Techniques Guides (ATGs) focus on developing highly trained examiners for a particular market segment.A. divisionB. protectionC. examinationD. innovation14. More than Microsoft, Google is more likely to monopolize the Internet with their probable GNet and Google.2A. constituteB. promoteC. stabilizeD. dominate15. The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from the government.A. yieldingB. successiveC. followingD. speculative二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. most-favored nation treatment17. trade surplus18. hard currency19. merger of banks20. liquid assets21. a hermit nation22. trade negotiation23. at a rough estimate24. Chinese Export Commodities Fair25. foreign exchange reserves三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 国民收入27. 国际收支28. 收盘价29. 惩罚性进口关税30. 证券投资31. 商品市场32. 自由市场（无壁垒市场）33. 智囊团/ 顾问班子34. 产地证明书35. 对等价值3四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1Coca-Cola’s advance into orange soda is bad news for Sunkist, which holds a 1.5% share of the soft drink market, and Crush (around 1%) Coca-Cola began testing Minute Maid Orange Soda in Canada last summer. Some analysts think it will quickly challenge Sunkist as the top-selling orange drink.The sleeper among the products might turn out to be Cherry Coke, which contains no fruit juice at all. Emanuel Goldman, a beverage analyst with Montgomery Securities in San Francisco, says Cherry Coke has captured shares of 4% to 8% in test markets. The drink probably won’t do as well when it is rolled out nationally, since consumer coupons and price promotions have been helping it along. But Goldman believes Cherry Coke could eventually displace Dr Pepper as the nation’s fifth-best-selling soft drink.36. Why is Cherry Coke described as the “sleeper”?37. What is a test market? How do you understand “price promotions” here?38. Which brand occupies the fifth place on the soft drink list at present?Passage 2The most visible result of this buoyant market in both centres is a plethora of new multi-storey commercial and residential buildings. In Abu Dhabi, these projects are let through the Khalifah committee or the Department of Social Services to local consultants, but in Dubai there is more of an international spread.Building work apart, consultants predict a fairly wide spread of projects. “We expect the market to remain buoyant for the next couple of years. There is a fair bit of work at Mina Zayed coming up, a fair bit of road-working on the island and the hinterland, and we expect some airport development to rear its head in the not too distant future,”says one long-established Abu Dhabi-based consultant.39. Who are renting the multi-storey commercial buildings in Abu Dhabi and Dubai?40. What is the prospect of new building projects?441. Please explain “rear its head” and “Abu Dhabi-based” in the last sentence.五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Specifications are detailed descriptions of the goods to be sold. They include the composition, content, purity, strength, size, etc. of the goods.The same kind of goods might also be classified into different grades, such as large, medium, or small; Grade A, Grade B, or Grade C. Every grade has its own specifications. These grades are given by commercial chambers or relevant government departments or informally by the producers or the traders themselves. There are no uniform international grades for goods, and they are not so formal as standards.Standards are the specifications or grades officially recognized by the governmental department or commercial organizations of a country. They have legal effects and hence are binding upon the traders. If the goods do not conform with the requirements demanded by the standards, they are not to be marketed.Different countries have different standards. Also, most countries make alterations and amendments to their standards and it is therefore necessary to state the quoted publications of the standard in a contract.In the trading of agricultural products, F.A.Q. (fair average quality) is often employed to indicate the quality of the goods. F.A.Q. is rather sweeping. From a technical point of view, it indicates the average quality of the current crop. Besides F.A.Q., specifications are still necessary unless the transaction is done between regular trading partners.To be different from F.A.Q., the term “selected” is sometimes empl oyed. With this term, the seller needs to state the specifications of the goods to show how selected it is.For the trading of wood and aquatic products, G.M.Q. (good merchantable quality) is employed to indicate the quality of goods. G.M.Q. means the goods is free from defects and is good enough for use or consumption. G.M.Q. is usually not supplemented with specifications and when disputes arise because of the quality of the goods, exporters will have to be invited to make5the arbitration.42. Grades have more detailed descriptions of goods than specifications.43. One major difference between standards, grades and specifications is that standards are official.44. It is important for export goods to meet the standards of their target countries.45. The difference between F.A.Q. and “selected” is that the latter involves less general specifications.46. Goods with G.M.Q. are usually better in quality than products with F.A.Q.Passage 2Let me touch on a few areas where progress in the Doha Development Agenda will help poorer countries reap further gains from trade and enhance their potential for sustainable development.Agriculture is and has always been a fundamental sector for many developing countries. Agriculture is critical to the successful conclusion of the negotiations. Ambitious liberalization in this sector can offer big potential gains for all countries, particularly developing countries. WTO members are committed to comprehensive negotiations aimed at addressing market access, export subsidies and trade distorting domestic support. More than 50 developing countries depend on agriculture for over one-third of their merchandise export earnings. The eventual elimination of trade distorting measures which affect agricultural trade will be a tremendous boost for sustainable development. The World Bank has estimated that phasing out restrictions on agriculture could lead to higher income in developing countries of some US$400 billion by 2015. The gains from this are several times larger than all the debt relief granted to developing countries so far.Tariff peaks and tariff escalation: after many rounds of trade negotiations, average tariffs on non-agricultural products have been significantly reduced. But relatively high tariffs still remain on some products in which developing countries are competitive and tariffs go up as the level of processing increases. Tariff escalation prevents developing countries from moving away from dependence on a few commodities. Tariff peaks and tariff escalation must be brought down by the6negotiations, if developing countries are to be able to meaningfully gain from world merchandise trade.47. The speaker discusses the reason of why Doha Development Agenda has been a great success.48. Progress in the agriculture negotiations alone contributes substantially to this development agenda.49. Most of the export earnings of Africa come from agricultural products.50. Doing away with trade barriers in agriculture means exempting developing countries from debts.51. Because developed countries set a limit on tariffs, developing countries are exporting a broader range of competitive commodities.六、翻译题（本大题12分）52.During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.7。

学历类《自考》自考专业(国贸)《外刊经贸知识选读》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________1、When Bob woke up he found himself in hospital, but he didn t __________.A 、cameaboutB 、cameoutC 、camealongD 、cameacross正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析2、You should try to write __________ eve n whenyou ’ re busy. As you know, practice makes perfect.A 、nowandthenB 、moreorlessC 、soonerorlaterD 、hereandthere正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析3、Mr. Smith is in good health now for it is quite a long time since he __________.A 、notsmokedB 、smokedC 、hassmokedD 、begantosmoke正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析4、America is an __________ country. You can hear __________ everywhere.A 、English-spoken;EnglishspeakingB 、English-speaking;EnglishspokenC 、speaking-English;EnglishspokenD 、spoken-English;Englishspeaking正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析5、For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A 、rainedB、rainsC、wasrainingD、hasbeenraining正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析6、You look not a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you __________so young?A、changeB、growC、becomeD、stay正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析7、She would rather have a room __________ than sleep with her sister.A、onherownB、ofherownC、ofhersD、forher正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析8、The cost of the various repairs amounts __________ total to just over a hundred pounds.A、toB、inC、byD、for正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析9、John said he would pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A、the;/B、the;theC、a;theD、a;/正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析10、Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A、itthatB、itC、theplaceD、there正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析11、One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A、/B、theC、aD、one正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析12、—You look very pale. You __________ very tired. — I didn ’ t sleep at all last night.A、mustbeB、musthavebeenC、canbeD、canhavebeen正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析13、The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A、beatB、tobeatC、beatingD、beaten正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析14、________, the first settlers found in New Zealand many strange birds and animals that exist nowhere else in the world.A、AsinAustraliaB、AsAustraliaC、LikeinAustraliaD、LikeAustralia正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析15、—Shall we go outing this weekend?—Oh, with all this work ______ ____,I don ’ t know if I ’ ll have time to go out.A、todoB、doingC、doneD、do正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析16、__________of the land in that district __________ covered with trees and grass.A、Twofifth;isB、Twofifths;isC、Twofifth;areD、Twofifths;are正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析17、I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A、mayseeB、canseeC、mayhaveseenD、can’thaveseen正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析18、The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A、isincreasingB、hasincreasedC、areincreasedD、haveincreased正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析19、Mary ’ s pronunciation is much better than __________ in her class.A、anyone’sB、anyone’selseC、anyoneelse’sD、anyoneelse正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析20、An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板 ) put onto the back of a jacket costs __________ US$15. It could __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A、atmost;workB、atleast;controlC、atleast;fuelD、atmost;charge正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析。

自考外刊经贸知识选读真题答案课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分)在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多项选择或未选均无分。

1. There’s not much prospect of Mr Smith’s being elected as Congressman. ( )A. abilityB. possibilityC. capabilityD. specialty2. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) is to pay out $356 million for project financing and trade operations. ( )A. disburseB. displayC. demonstrateD. distribute3. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. ( )A. motiveB. passiveC. activeD. massive4. The expert argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world largest economy in 202X. ( )A. expendB. extendC. expandD. exceed5. His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease. ( )A. vigorousB. excessiveC. moderateD. lackluster6. There is an amazing amount of economic friction up and down the real estate industry.( )A. flashB. clashC. brushD. crash7. It is evident that China’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the world. ( )A. cleanB. flatC. clearD. dour8. The Government Printing Office provides free public access to full-text federal documents. ( )A. excessB. exitC. extraD. entry9. The news slowly passed through to everyone in the office. ( )A. filteredB. rivetedC. formedD. delved10. The only sour note has been struck by new energy tax proposals in the US and the EC. ( )A. introductionsB. destinationsC. accommodationsD. suggestions11. US protectionist measures helped wreck the world economy in the 1930s. ( )A. diminishB. deliverC. destroyD. detatch12. Make-up experts steer girls toward light colors, fragrances. ( )A. tendB. guideC. endureD. strain13. The advertisement itself will pull your attention and immediately you will feel that you need it for your lifestyle. ( )A. segmentB. trademarkC. reformulationD. commercial14. The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer brown eggs over white. ( )A. composeB. competeC. combineD. compile15. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. ( )A. grimB. strictC. rawD. severe二、将以下词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1 分，共10分〕16. exclusive contract 17. current account18. clearing agreement 19. per capita income20. barrier-free market 21. carbon tax22. real estate 23. test market24. intellectual property right 25. business cycle三、将以下词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕26. 供给过剩 27. 收盘价28. 初级产品 29. 市场份额30. 双边条约 31. 产地证明书32. 中国出口商品交易会 33. 资本货物34. 优先权 35. 直接投资四、简答题〔本大题共6小题，共18分〕Passage 1In 1961, when Gen. Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a bare-bones $100. Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the country’s fledging conglomerates with huge subsidies, government-based loans and official favors and turn them into the world’s suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.The results have been dazzling. For two decades, Korea has sizzled along at an 8 per cent annual growth rate. Exports have surged from $119 million in 1964 to $29 billion last year. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. Korea boasts a literacy rate of 95 per cent, a standard met by only a few of the most advanced Western nations. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication.36. What do “hover〞and “ba re-bones〞 mean in the passage37. Which countries in the world besides Korea have a literacy rate of 95 per cent38. In what sense is the underlined word “sophistication〞 used here What might it refer to specifically and what does it have to do with energyPassage 2International trade by barter is, in fact, an inefficient and expensive means of doing business compared to trading with money. Observes David Yoffie, “To cover the additional costs it incurs in handling goods it is forced to take in countertrade, a multinational company simply boosts the price of the goods it sells.〞Yoffie sees countertrade as a form of protectionism. “It can help one group and hurt another,〞 he says.On the other hand, Daniel Cecchin, director of Countertrade Services for Bank America World Trade Corp., asserts that the rise of countertradeprovides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.39. What is the meaning of “barter〞 in its traditional form40. In what sense is countertrade seen as a form of protectionism41. According to Cecchin, what is the benefit of countertrade五、正误推断题〔本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分〕Passage 1The term “quality〞 is one of the most misused in the business world. What exactly does it mean Our grandparents would have been in no doubt. Quality meant excellence: a thing was the best of its kind, and that was that.In business, however, the word has acquired a very different meaning: consistency, a lack of defects.Around 1970, it is said, a group of investment analysts visited a world-famous UK engineering company. They asked the questions of their trade: about profit margins, stock control and balance sheets. The company’s executives did not see the point of all this. Their products were the finest inthe world. Why all these detailed questions about numbersRolls Royce, the company in question, duly went bust in 1973. The trouble with old-style quality was that it encouraged supply-driven management. The engineers would make the product to the highest possible standard and price it accordingly. If the public was so uncultured that they turned it down, so much the worse for the public. It was all very well for artists to produce masterpieces. The job of companies was to please the market.Quality has a third meaning: that of value for money. To qualify for that meaning, a product must be of certain standard; and it should convey a sense, not of outright cheapness, but of being sold at a fair price.The US fast foods group McDonald’s, for instance, talks of its ‘high quality food’. But at 99c or 99p, its hamburgers are as close to absolute cheapness as any person in the developed world could desire. They are alsohighly consistent. Eat a McDonald’s anywhere around the world and the results will be roughly similar. But as anyone who has eaten a really good American hamburger knows, a McDonald’s is also a long way from quality in its original sense.42. Quality used to mean that a product was well-made and high-priced. ( )43. Nowadays, quality means consistency and cheap price. ( )44. The investment analysts who visited a UK engineering company were from Rolls Royce.( )45. Companies should learn from artists and produce masterpieces. ( )46. The writer thinks that McDonald’s hamburgers a re not worth the money. ( )Passage 2The numbers are surprising: millions of people getting off poverty in a generation, billions of dollars in wealth created every year. In the past two decades, two out of five Indonesians escaped poverty. Asian exports went from less than one-seventh of the world total to almost 30%. No wonder people call it the Asian Economic Miracle. But to the workers and 14-hour-a-day entrepreneurs, it was nothing magical. Just plain hard work, business sense, a taste for risks, and a bit of luck.Today, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and South Korea are among the world’s 12 largest economies. High-profile Asian businesses like Toyota, Samsung, Hongkong Bank and Singapore Airlines are now also global giants. And the growth formula of enterprise, investment and exports has crossed borders and waters. China and other socialist economies of Asia are following the trail blazed by Japan, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) and ASEAN.Now Asia is re-inventing the miracle. The affluent middle class created by the boom is taking over from exports as the main engine of growth. Also adding to the thrust is infrastructure spending to support future expansion. Asian investment and trade are developing new markets and production centers right inside Asia. Japan and the NICs are passing labor-intensive sectors like garment-making over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.Greater wealth has brought a down side. Many Asians have abandoned their traditional diets for many types of fat-laden foods. So, in addition to becoming taller, they are also becoming fatter. And they are growing more susceptible to diseases such as diabetes. Bad eating habits combined with stress have made cancer, heart disease and strokes into major killers.47. The workers and entrepreneurs in Asia work 14 hours a day. ( )48. The economic development modes of the Asian countries are very different. ( )49. The two driving forces of the new cycle of development in Asia are the rich middle class and infrastructure spending. ( )50. The newly-industrialized countries are moving away from the labor-intensive sweatshops to the computer-aided workplaces. ( )51. One of the next challenges Asia will face is to cope with the down side of wealth. ( )六、翻译题〔本大题12分〕52. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import target—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented〞. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this newthrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.外刊经贸知识选读真题答案及评分参考一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕1. B2. A3. C4. D5. A6. B7. C8. D9.A 10. D 11. C 12.B 13. D 14. A 15. C二、将以下词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕16. 独家经销合约 17. 经常工程 18. 清算协议 19. 人均收入 20. 无壁垒市场 21. 双重税22. 房地产 23. 试销市场 24. 知识产权 25. 商业周期三、将以下词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕26. glut of supplies 27. closing level/closing price 28.soft commodity 29. market share30. bilateral pacts 31. certificate of origin 32. Chinese Export Commodity Fair 33. capital goods34. preferred status 35. direct investment四、简答题〔本大题共 6小题，共 18分〕36.“Hover〞means “stay〞. “Bare-bones〞means “very low〞 or “inadequate〞. (2分)37. Only a few of the most advanced Western nations. (2分)38. In the given context, it means the advancement of technology. (2分)It refers specifically to their (technically) modernized municipal facilities, which helps give people the impression that it’s a place full of “energy〞. (3分)39. It means the direct exchanging of goods of equivalent value rather than using money. (3分)40. Countertrade involves conditional buying or allows no free choice in importing. That’s both against competition and free trade. (3分)41. It provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system. / I can relieve the massive debts of developing countries. (3分)五、正误推断题。

外刊经贸知识选读全真一英译汉1.the Special Drawing Right 特别提款权2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3.coastal cities 沿海城市4.trade sanctions 贸易制裁5.the state apparatus 国家机器ernment procurement 政府采购7.free-trade-zone 自由贸易区pensation trade 补偿贸易9.White Paper 白皮书10.consumer goods 日用消费品汉译英1.贸易谈判trade negotiation2.跨行业公司conglomerate3.不公平贸易unfair trade4.欧洲一体化European integration5.政府津贴state subsidy6.经济衰退economic recession7.招标invite tender8.撤销金融管制规定financial deregulation9.供应过剩glut of supplies10.金融危机financial crisis全真(二）英译汉1.state-run enterprises 国营企业2.trade fairs and exhibitions 贸易展销会3.primary production 初级产品4.European Community 欧洲共同体5.austerity program 紧缩计划6.risk-weighted assets 高风险资产7.market regulation 市场调查8.equivalent value 对等价值9.supermarket 超级市场10.protectionism 保护主义汉译英1.外汇收入foreign exchange income2.供求模式the pattern of supply and demand3.活期账户current account4.时髦词语buzzword5.股票市场stock market6.补偿贸易协定compensation trade agreement7.质量证书certificate of quality8.期货futures9.仓库交货Ex-warehouse10.拍卖auction全真（三）英译汉1.b arter 易货贸易2.cooperative enterprise 合作经营企业3.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税4.consortium 国际财团5.hard currency 硬通货6.deinflationary policies 反通胀政策7.licenser 转让费8.market forces 市场力量9.exclusive contract 独家经销合同10.discount rate 贴现率汉译英1.非耐用商品soft commodity2.经济技术开发区ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)3.贸易顺差trade surpuls4.个人所得税personal income tax5.无偿还能力insolvency6.软饮料soft drink7.收盘价closing price8.现货市场spot market9.出口配额制export quota system10.快餐店fast food shops。

全国2018年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. While exports are reasonably robust, domestic consumption remains moribund —a sign of the country’s common anxiety about the future.A. stagnantB. movingC. dynamicD. motivated2. If that happens, the backlash from Mr. Obama’s supporters could be fearful.A. supportB. backingC. deductionD. opposition3. The concept that we can turn this around right now is patently ridiculous.A. patientlyB. rightlyC. pervasivelyD. obviously4. To move the Japanese government, Washington must move an entire nation.A. removeB. touchC. influenceD. change5. Even during buoyant economic growth, unemployment remains as high as 10%.A. slowB. vigorousC. floatingD. slackening6. The consumers welcomed the slash in meat prices.A. remarkable dropB. obvious divisionC. vigorous growthD. apparent rise7. In 1991, for the second year in a row, the economies of low income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.A. repeatedlyB. successivelyC. respectivelyD. successfully8. A number of economics and political blogs have recently caught onto the political futures market craze, particularly focusing on Intrade (the popular site where people can bet on, among other things, the presidential1elections).A. indefinite timeB. near futureC. prospective timeD. commodities transacted at a future date9. Small manufacturers serving niche markets and wealthy customers are proving recession proof.A. mainstream marketsB. large-scale marketsC. targetable marketsD. current markets10. You can also segment your targets by size of business based on number of employees or total sales.A. divideB. seekC. shootD. narrow11. Falling sales in Thailand were offset by good returns in other markets.A. influencedB. balancedC. offendedD. bargained12. The new trade agreement has facilitated economic growth.A. made easierB. made slowerC. made more difficultD. made more complicated13. It is an area in which ABC Company reigns supreme.A. rapidestB. most famousC. highest in rank or positionD. deepest14. Speculators profited handsomely since the price fluctuated from the 1990s.A. was stableB. was flexibleC. was volatileD. was regular15. The property will be sold to pay off their creditors.A. ownersB. borrowersC. loanersD. believers二、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）16. vested interests17. wholesaler18. a hermit nation19. buzzword20. insolvency21. take title22. market regulation23. public tender224. countervailing duty25. consortium三、将下列汉语词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26．反通胀政策27．贸易制裁28．产地证明书29. 市场动力30. 转让人31. 现货市场32. 经常项目33. 收盘价34．出口配额制35．服务贸易四、简答题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）Passage 1For South Korea as a whole, that seems as much a prophecy as an ambition. Like Japan in the 1960s, the country is poised for an assault on the world’s export markets. Its surging $81 bil lion economy is churning out a flood of increasingly sophisticated products, from shoes, toys and telephones to video recorders and microprocessors. Korea’s mighty conglomerates dominate Middle East construction, and they command key shares of the world’s shipbuilding, textile and steel industries. Their affiliates, joint ventures and subsidiaries girdle the globe, stretching from Australia, Indonesia and India to Norway, Spain and Gabon, Hyundai and Daewoo, with annual sales of $10 billion and $6 billion respectively, are pushing into the U.S auto market, riveting the attention of American and Japanese manufacturers. Another colossus, the $9 billion Samsung, has started marketing a “supertech” 256K computer chip-encouraging some Koreans to speak confidently of the day when they will become the world’s second largest manufacturer of basic electronic components, outstripping America and running just behind Japan.36. Please rewrite the first sentence of the passage in plainer words, having the central ideas clarified.37. Is the clause introduced by the underlined “when” an adverbial clause or an attributive one?38. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “outstripping” in the last sentence?Passage 2Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paperless office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating. In fact, consumption, especially of printing and writing papers, continues to increase. World demand for paper and board is now expected to grow3faster than the general economic growth in the next 15 years. Strong demand will be underpinned by the growing industrialization of South-East Asia, the reemergence of paper packaging, greater use of facsimile machines and photocopies, and the popularity of direct-mail advertising. It is possible that by 2007, world paper and board demand will reach 455 million tons, compared with 241 million tons in 1991.The pulp and paper industry has not been badly affected by the electronic technologies that promised a paperless society. But what has radically altered the industry’s structure is pressure from another front-a more environmentally conscious society driving an irreversible move towards cleaner industrial production. The environmental consequences of antiquated pulp mill practices and technologies had marked this industry as one in need of reform. Graphic descriptions of deformed fish and thinning populations, particularly in the Baltic Sea where old pulp mills had discharged untreated effluent for 100 years, have disturbed the international community.Until the 1950s, it was common for pulp mills and other industries to discharge untreated effluent into rivers and seas. The environmental effects were at the time either not understood, or regarded as an acceptable cost of economic prosperity in an increasingly import-oriented world economy. But greater environmental awareness has spurred a fundamental change in attitude in the community, in movement and in industry itself.Since the early 1980s, most of the world-scale pulp mills in the Scandinavia and North America have modernized their operations, outlaying substantial amounts to improve production methods. Changes in mill design and processes have been aimed at minimizing the environmental effects of effluent discharge while at the same time producing pulp with the whiteness and strength demanded by the international market. The environmental impetus is taking this industry even further, with the focus now on developing processes that may even eliminate waste-water discharges. But the ghost of the old mills continues face a flood of environment-related legislation. In Germany, companies are now being held responsible for the waste they create.39. What has the pulp and paper industry been greatly affected by these days?40. In the past, what was the probable price that the environmental effects of pulp mill practices had to pay?41. Why have some paper mills recently modernized their mill design?五、正误判断题。

全国2018年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences.（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. Owing to the financial crisis, economic problems were exacerbated all over the world.A. deterioratedB. improvedC. enlargedD. transformed2. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years.A. run awayB. reductionC. enhancementD. downward3. Figures show that the bulk of our foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade-related credits.A. investmentsB. profitsC. revenuesD. debts4. Foreign investors want to enjoy the same tax status as the domestic ones.A. treatmentB. declineC. supportD. objection5. More than a decade of fast growth makes China to supplant Japan as West’s main trade worry in Asia.A. exceedB. replaceC. agreeD. defeat6. Many governments have promised to take measures to help the unemployed.A. actionB. sizeC. degreeD. care17. Discrimination against goods from foreign countries is prohibited by WTO.A. equalityB. fairnessC. different treatmentD. strict policy8. America’s embrace of the free-trade agreements balanced all the criticism from the developing countries.A. suggestionB. insistenceC. oppositionD. acceptance9. Because of the mutual benefits no one would take a breach of those law lightly.A. offenceB. obedienceC. strikeD. rest10. Economists reckon Japanese bilateral trade surplus with America is also growing rapidly.A. recognizeB. calculateC. predictD. suggest11. Korea’s ambitious plans include a wholesale revamping of the country’s basic industries.A. reconstructingB. retractingC. releasingD. reverting12. Even the well established consultants are finding it hard to secure definitive lucrative projects.A. profitableB. reasonableC. safeD. risky13. Japanese managers act more like western managers, putting profits before their firm’s marketshare.A. opportunityB. prospectC. protectionD. part14. In the U.S. soft drink industry is dominated by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.A. competedB. balancedC. madeD. controlled15. Investment funds have moved out of commodities and into liquid assets.A. in the form of waterB. movingC. easily changed into cashD. clear二、Put the following phrases into English.（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）2请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试外贸函电试题课程代码：00094一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. We thank you for your letter of June 5 and the ______ catalogue.( )A. sentB. enclosedC. givenD. presented2. They have ______ us that you are ______ the market ______ chemicals.( )A. inform, in, onB. informed, in, forC. advise, in, onD. advised, in, of3. ______ we would like to close the business with you, we find your price unacceptable.( )A. MuchB. However muchC. Much asD. Despite4. ______ is a very favorable payment term for the exporter.( )A. Cash with orderB. Cash on deliveryC. Cash against documentsD. Payment in advance5. We don’t th ink we can put the business through ______ you revise your terms and conditions.( )A. unlessB. expectC. only ifD. in addition6. We would appreciate your sending us a trial order, which we ______ with keen interest.( )A. are waitingB. awaitC. await forD. are awaiting7. We should be pleased to send you a sample ______ our expense.( )A. atB. inC. againstD. of8. In view of our great performance last year, business ______ our two countries will develop further.( )A. inB. onC. betweenD. at9. A sales confirmation should be counter signed by ______.( )A. the sellerB. both partiesC. the bankD. the buyer10. As agreed upon in our negotiations, payment ______ L/C.( )A. byB. is byC. will beD. will by11. The relative L/C should be issued through a third country bank in Italy ______ the sellers.( )A. available byB. available toC. acceptable byD. acceptable to12. We shall open the L/C ______ the bank of Boston.( )A. inB. withC. forD. at13. ______ subsequent amendments, please see to it that the L/C stipulations are strictly in accordance with the contract terms. ( )A. AvoidB. Having avoidedC. To avoidD. Being avoided14. Emphasis has to be laid on the point ______ shipment must be made within the validity of the L/C.( )A. whatB. whichC. thatD. /15. It will be appreciated ______ you could effect shipment in two lots by direct steamer ______ you receive our L/C.( )A. will, soonB. if, as soon asC. when, whenD. when, which16. I’d like to have the insurance ______ for 130% of the invo ice value.( )A. coverB. coveredC. coveringD. to cover17. The goods under Contract No. 1123 left here ______.( )A. in a good conditionB. in good conditionsC. in good conditionD. in the good condition18. Due to the fact ______ you urged quick delivery, we were not able to use our special packing.( )A. whichB. thatC. whenD. to which19. Your request for a further increase ______ 2% ______ your commission is now under our careful consideration.( )A. of, ofB. of, inC. by, inD. by, of20. Thank you for your letter of November 4, ______ which you offered us 3,000 tea-set on the following terms and conditions. ( )A. fromB. ofC. inD. to二、填空题(本大题共20小题，每空1分，共25分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。

外刊经贸知识选读真题试题及答案解析一、单选题（共50题，共100分）1.It's seven thirty. I_________ go to school.A.have gotB.have got toC.got toD.had got to2.He came into the classroom_________.A.very upsetB.being upsetC.to upsetD.to be upset3.This is the first time that I_________ at the meeting.A. had spokenB. have spokenC.amD. was4.His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.A.added upB.added up inC. added up toD.was added up5.Are you _________ your classmates well?A.getting alongB.get long withC.getting long withD.getting along with life in the country.6.We are living a_____A.stillB.quietC.calmD.silent7.His backache is only _________ for not watering the flowers.A.a reasonB.a causeC.an excuseD.reasons8.Our teachers made us ________a lot of homework after school.A.to doB.doingC.doD.to have done until seven o clock.9.The shop _________ until 7 o ’ clock.A. stays openedB.continues openC. stays openD. continues opened10. We ________in the neighborhood.A. happened beingB. happened beC.happened to beD.are happened to be11.I _________when I was a young girl.A.kept a diaryB.wrote a diaryC.made diariesD.kept diaries12.No one _________of it.A.dared to speakingB.dared speakC. can dared speakD.dare speaking13.I don't know_________.A.how can I finish my homework on timeB.how I copd finish my homework on timeC.I can how finish my homework on the timeD.how I can finish my homework on time14.I want your_________, sir. I don t know what to do.A.advicesB.piece of advicesC.adviceD.advise15.Will you _________ playing basketball?A.join us inB. join toC. join us toD. to join us16.Wood is often _________ paper.ed to makinged to makeed to be madeed making17.Mr White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn ’ t show up.A.shopd have arrivedB.shopd arriveC.shopd be arrivingD.arrived18.--- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet. The rooms __________.A.are paintingB.are being paintedC.are paintedD.have painted19.The speech is strongly impressed ________ my memory.A.toB.overC.byD.on20.At this moment the bell rang, ________ the end of class.A.announcedB.. having announcedC.announcingD.to announce21.__________ twenty-fifth of December is__________Christmas Day.A.The; /B.The; theC.The; aD.A; the22.The boy bought a new dictionary__________ he turned for help.A.from whichB. into whichC. whichD. to which23.—It ’ s a warm day, isn —’ Yes,t it? it ’ s __________ cold. I just wear a jacket.A.not a bitB.a bitC.a littleD. not a little24.—How are you today? —Oh, I __________ as ill as I do now for a long time.A.didn ’ t feelB.didn ’ t feelC. wa sn’ t feelingD.don ’ t feel25.You __________ put your computer in your bedroom.A.don ’ t needB.had not betterC.had better notD.ought not26.Our teacher __________ us to practise our spoken English as often as possible.A.hopesB.suggestsC.advisesD.lets27.The two main poppar__________ of Easter are the Easter bunny and the Easter egg.A.signsB. symbolsC. marksD.signals28.The world ’ s smallest baby, a __________ girl weighed just24 grams when she was born .A.three monthsC.three months oldD.three-months-old29.I don ’ t want to buy the sweater because I don ’ t like the color. __________, it is too expensive.A.ExceptB.Except forC.HoweverD.Besides30.We Chinese people shopd __________ that China is just likea dragon proud and powerfp.A.proveB.makeC.testD.present31.An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板 ) put onto the back of a jacket costs __________ US$15. It copd __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A.at most; workC.at least; fuelD.at most; charge32.Mary ’ s pronunciation is much better than __________ in her class.A.anyone ’sB.anyone ’ s elseC.anyone else ’sD.anyone else33.The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD. have increased34.I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A.may seeB. can seeC. may have seenD. can ’ t have seen35.__________of the land in that district __________ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB.Two fifths; isC.Two fifth; areD.Two fifths; are36.—Shall we go outing this weekend?A.to doB. doingC.doneD. do37.________, the first settlers found in New Zealand many strange birds and animals that exist nowhere else in the world.A.As in AustraliaB.As AustraliaC.Like in AustraliaD.Like Australia38.The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A.beatB.to beatC.beatingD. beaten39.—You look very pale. You __________ very tired. —I didn ’ t sleep at all last night.A.must beB. must have beenC.can beD.can have been40.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain__________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A./B.theC.aD.one41.Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A.it thatB.itC.the placeD.there42.John said he wopd pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A.the; /B. the; theC.a; theD.a; /43.The cost of the various repairs amounts __________ total to just over a hundred pounds.A. toB.inC.byD.for44.She wopd rather have a room __________ than sleep with her sister.A.on her ownB.of her ownC.of hersD. for her45.You look not a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you __________so young?A.changeB.growC.becomeD.stay46.For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A.rainedB.rainsC.was rainingD.has been raining47.America is an __________ country. You can hear __________ everywhere.A.English-spoken; English speakingB.English-speaking; English spokenC.speaking-English; English spokenD.spoken-English; English speaking48.Mr. Smith is in good health now for it is quite a long time since he __________.A.not smokedB.smokedC. has smokedD.began to smoke49.You shopd try to write __________ eve n when you ’ re busy. As you know, practice makes perfect.A.now and thenB.more or lessC.sooner or laterD.here and there50.When Bob woke up he found himself in hospital, but he didn t __________.A.came aboutB. came outC. came alongD.came across1、正确答案： B2、正确答案： A3、正确答案： B4、正确答案： C5、正确答案： D6、正确答案： B7、正确答案： C8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： B10、正确答案： C11、正确答案： A12、正确答案： B13、正确答案： D14、正确答案： C15、正确答案： A16、正确答案： B17、正确答案： A18、正确答案： B19、正确答案： D20、正确答案： C21、正确答案： A22、正确答案： D23、正确答案： A24、正确答案： B25、正确答案： C26、正确答案： C27、正确答案： B28、正确答案： B29、正确答案： D30、正确答案： A31、正确答案： D32、正确答案： C33、正确答案： B34、正确答案： C35、正确答案： B36、正确答案： A37、正确答案： A38、正确答案： C39、正确答案： A40、正确答案： C41、正确答案： A42、正确答案： C43、正确答案： B44、正确答案： B45、正确答案： D46、正确答案： D47、正确答案： B48、正确答案： B49、正确答案： A50、正确答案： A。

《外刊经贸知识选读》习题集I. INTERNA TIONAL TRADE一、翻译-中译英1. 一个国家贸易规模的相对大小经常通过该国的出口金额占其国内生产总值的比例来衡量。

2. 最重要的海运单据是提单。

它首先是发货人与船公司之间的一种合约；其次是收到货物的收据；第三是所有权单证。

3. 典型的信用证可能要求以下单证：发票、提单、海运保险单、装箱单、磅码单、检验证书及产地证。

4. 国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。

5. 海关同中央银行紧密地合作，以确保货物只能按照现行的管理条例进口或出口。

二、翻译-英译中1. The issuing bank examines the draft and documents upon receipt, to ensure that the documents conform to the letter of credit. If anything is wrong, the discrepancies are subject to acceptance by the buyer.2. Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. They confirm the ex works cost of a consignment.3. “Ex works” means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named p lace not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle.4. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.5. “Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.6. “Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination.三、阅读-归纳Passage 1Chinese trade officials remain alarmed at the extent of the abuse of trade compensatory measures against China, although the number of anti-dumping investigations involving China has actually dropped. China remains the world’s largest vic tim of the abuse of anti-dumping measures with 27 investigations having been started into its exports in the latter half of last year, according to latest data from the World Trade Organization (WTO). The large number was partly because China’s exports grew extraordinarily quickly last year against the backdrop of gloomy world economic outlook, said Chinese trade officials. The abuse of anti-dumping measures against China has started to fall as the number was down from 29 investigations into Chinese exports in the latter of 2001, indicated WTO data. Chinese trade officials said China’s WTO membership helped deter foreign countries from discriminatory actions against China. The decrease was also a result of the hard work of the Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export under the Ministry of Commerce, they said. The bureau, set up immediately after China’s WTO entry in late 2001, has done a lot inhelping domestic companies respond to foreign anti-dumping charges and refraining from vicious price competitions in international market. Officials with the bureau had expected the number of anti-dumping cases involving China would rapidly increase this year, with regard to big growth in Chinese exports last year and reviving international trade protectionism.1. Make a brief summary on the present situation of anti-dumping measures against China.2. Make a brief summary on the reasons which cause the large number of anti-dumping measures against China.3. Make a brief summary on the reasons which lead to the decreased number of anti-dumping measures against China.4. Make a brief summary on the function of Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export in respond to risk of exportation.Passage 2In January, the United States imported more than $1.2 billion in textiles and apparel from China, up from about $701 million a year ago. Imports of major apparel products from China jumped 546 percent. Last January, for example, China shipped 941,000 cotton knit shirts, which were limited by quotas; this January, it shipped 18.2 million, a 1,836 percent increase. Imports of cotton knit trousers were up 1,332 percent from a year ago. These figures may be understated because China ships a large part of its goods through Hong Kong, and those shipments are not included. Fears that China is going to flood the world market with cheap textile exports have already inflamed tensions between Washington and Beijing because of worries about American manufacturing plants being closed and thousands of jobs being lost. Already, in January, the first month after global quotas were lifted, 12,200 jobs were lost in the United States apparel and textile industries, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some analysts have predicted that China could capture as much as 70 percent of the American market in the next two years. Before the end of quotas, about 16 percent of apparel sold in the United States came from China. Last year, the United States trade deficit with China set a record of $162 billion, making it the largest trade imbalance ever recorded by the United States with a single country. To be sure, some textile importers say this phenomenon may be a one-time surge. Companies, for instance, may have put off shipping goods at the end of last year to avoid the quotas.5. Make a brief summary on the development of textiles imports to the United States from China after the end of quota.6. Make a brief summary on the connection between the end of quota and unemployment in the United States.7. Make a brief summary on the impact of the end of quota on the economy and society of United States.Passage 3International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to alesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing a factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor. One report in 2010 suggested that international trade was increased when a country hosted a network of immigrants, but the trade effect was weakened when the immigrants became assimilated into their new country.8. Make a brief summary on the definition of international trade.9. Make a brief summary on the difference between international trade and domestic trade.10. Make a brief summary on the reason that the United States imports labor-intensive goodsfrom China.四、阅读-答问A standard, commercial letter of credit (LC) is a document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking.The letter of credit can also be payment for a transaction, meaning that redeeming the letter of credit pays an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. In such cases, the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits applies (UCP 600 being the latest version).The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without prior agreement of the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to giros and Traveler's cheques. Typically, the documents a beneficiary has to present in order to receive payment include a commercial invoice, bill of lading, and documents proving the shipment was insured against loss or damage in transit.Letters of credit (LC) deal in documents, not goods. An LC can be irrevocable or revocable. An irrevocable LC cannot be changed unless both buyer and seller agree. With a revoca ble LC, changes can be made without the consent of the beneficiary.A sight LC means that payment is made immediately to the beneficiary/seller/exporter upon presentation of the correct documents in the required time frame. A time or date LC will specify when payment will be made at a future date and upon presentation of the required documents. Negotiation means the giving of value for draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate, viz the nominated bank. Mere examination of the documents and forwarding the same to the letter of credit issuing bank for reimbursement, without giving of value / agreed to give, does not constitute a negotiation.To receive payment, an exporter or shipper must present the documents required by the letter of credit. Typically, the payee presents a document proving the goods were sent instead of showing the actual goods. The Original Bill of Lading (OBL) is normally the document accepted by banks as proof that goods have been shipped. However, the list and form of documents is open to imagination and negotiation and might contain requirements to present documents issued by a neutral third party evidencing the quality of the goods shipped, or their place of origin or place.One of the primary peculiarities of the documentary credit is that the payment obligation is abstract and independent from the underlying contract of sale or any other contract in the transaction. Thus the bank’s obligation is defined by the terms of the credit alone, and the sale contract is irre levant. The defensive of the buyer arising out of the sale contract do not concern the bank and in no way affect its liability. Article 4(a) UCP states this principle clearly. Article 5 the UCP further states that banks deal with documents only, they are not concerned with the goods (facts). Accordingly, if the documents tendered by the beneficiary, or his or her agent, appear to be in order, then in general the bank is obliged to pay without further qualifications.All the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit, negotiation of documents, reimbursements and other charges like courier are to the account of applicant or as per the terms and conditions of the Letter of credit. If the letter of credit is silent on charges, then they are to the account of the Applicant. The description of charges and who would be bearing them would be indicated in the field 71B in the Letter of Credit.1. What is the major function of letter of credit in international trade?2. What does UCP stand for?3. Which institution is the one that issued UCP 600?4. How should the exporter and the importer be called as parties of a letter of credit?5. What is the major function of issuing bank in a letter of credit business?6. What is the connection between the advising bank and the beneficiary?7. What is the major feature of an irrevocable LC?8. Under which circumstance can an irrevocable LC be amended?9. Which kind of LC does the exporter prefer to use, the revocable ones or irrevocable ones?10. As far as the time of payment is concerned, what are the two types of LC?11. Under which circumstances will the bank pay to the exporter?12. Which document is a title document?13. How to understand “the bank’s obligation is independent from sales contract”?14. Will the banks inspect the goods before making payment? Why?15. Usually, who is responsible for the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit?II. INTERNA TIONAL ECONOMIC RELA TIONS AND COOPERA TION一、翻译-中译英1. 工业化或发达国家是指那些除具有先进的农业和原料采掘技术外，还具有相当水平的制造业和服务业的国家。

《外刊经贸知识选读》第一章一、术语1. 制成品 manufactured goods2. 资本货物 capital goods3. 国际收支 balance of payments4. 经常项目 current account5. 有形贸易项目 visible trade account6. 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account7. 贸易顺差 trade surplus8. 贸易逆差 trade deficit9. 易货贸易 barter10. 补偿贸易 compensation trade11. 反向贸易 counter-trade12. 组装生产assembly manufacturing13. 工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax14. 合资企业 joint venture15. 延期付款 deferred payment16. 买方信贷 buyer credit17. 卖方信贷 supplier credit18. 软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan19. 最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)20. 永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)21. 国民收入 NI(National Income)22. 国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)23. 国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)24. 国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)25. 国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)26. 国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Corporation)27. 经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)28. 国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)29. 欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)30. 欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)31. 外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)32. The special Economic Zone 经济特区33. a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士34. infrastructure 基础设施35. capital stock 实际资本36. consumer goods 消费品37. preferential tax rate 优惠税率38. cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业39. ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区40. entrepreneurship 企业家精神41. means of production 生产资料42. stock-taking 评估43. Allocation of resources 资源配置44. macro regulation and control 宏观调控45. fiscal policies 财政政策46. 15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策47. 16.working capital 运营资本48. 17.basic policy 基本国策49. 18.technical transformation 技术革新50.二、词语释义：substantially： dramatically，significantly，considerably 显著地，相当大地subsequently： afterwards 随后，后来exacerbate： deteriorate，worsen；aggravate；make worse 恶化withdraw： cancellation 撤回，撤销theme： principle 主题，原则in return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interrupt中断，打断destined： designed] 注定的，目的是，有计划的pronounced： marked 宣布，宣称in the wake of： following； after with 在……之后undue： too much； unbearable 过度的，过分的reverse： change to the opposite 反转，颠倒，反向，相反buoyant： brisk 活跃的outcome： result 结果boost： stimulate； promote； develop 促进，提高，刺激recover： rebound 恢复facilitate： make easy 促进；使容易；帮助；使便利run-down： reduction 减少，降低mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions 举办展览insofar as： to the extent 在……范围内bottlenecks： obstacles障碍三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country…s industrialization programme which plac ed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。