如何做好一个建筑施工技术员（How to do a constructiontechnician）A four study civil engineering students apply to our unit, their great faith and practice, told me that a lot of lofty ideals and aspirations are told to pay slightly euphemistic dissatisfaction, I told them: do a good job, if you want to eat a bowl of rice, is to calm down see more and more, ask, how long a heart, you can put this experience as a springboard, but not to work seriously. You are not allowed to understand, but you are not allowed to ask yourself when you don't understand.I ask the technician what to do on the site, I told him to put the line, provided material planning, writing technology, raw material sampling, on-site quality inspection, hidden information filling, reinforced material under the single audit, template size elevation inspection and so on, but only a start to finish with the foreman the foreman assigned tasks on the line.First put on the line, the main line of professional surveyors, elevation control point is done, the technician must master the basic skills of plumb line, can not always rely on the theodolite, impossible, a residential and office building positioning line in a simple and more industrial buildings to the more complex.On line measurement must be eliminated with small feet one foot one foot (3 meters, 5 commonly used on the site a) amount down, lest error accumulation. In addition, two of the height difference is large, the general amount of slant distance andheight difference measuring two Pythagorean theorem for calculating the usually small number of errors. Remember the main points of the teacher's measurements: first, the whole, after the broken parts; often re - nuclear; the previous work has not been reviewed; the next step can not be carried out; the measurement should be checked step by step.Measuring caving is especially important during construction, and one of your carelessness may cause great economic losses. Now the measurement at the construction site of the line, not like in school when the distance measurement practice before and after the ruler, a ruler, a less formal reading record, is often the foreman and technician two people to put on the line, then the scene conveniently call a worker to help, this is not right, you not for the project manager is equipped with adequate professional staff to accompany you, but you must be cautious, then run back foot feet.The elevation is generally to technicians about the site, you see the level rotary foot is not necessarily who, should pay attention to the tower scale before and after pitching a great influence on the observed results, another is the foot tower to the point under the non professional people is not good grasp, if you do not repeatedly, a 3~5 mm is not strange.There is a word on the site spread, though not completely right, but can be regarded as the magic out: "self protection measure to small, triangular line to rough," don't mean to describe the end elevation 2 triangle is too big, play Moxian Moxian a little rough. Oh, what do you mean?.As a site technician, the level, theodolite, ink fountain, the use of wire drop must be skilled.Besides the material planning, regardless of whether the budget as a technician, you must do it yourself again, you count the actual amount, do not look at the content of budget quota, quota is a comprehensive project category compilation, content of some fixed quantity index of the actual construction is not enough, but some, such as marble tiles, design has a given size,You can actually make a list of the number of bricks that you need to cut the brick, and you can make it very accurate as long as you put your heart into it. In this way, when you go to the site to check, you will have a good idea, you can find the problem.Steel design now generally use 03G101 atlas, has just learned reinforced concrete courses, should be familiar with the faster than others, steel materials should be reinforced, pay attention to the amount of joint reinforcement.If you set the concrete mixer, cement according to the general budget for withholding, concrete mix came out, according to the actual amount of adjustment per cubic, sand per 0.5 cubic cubic stone, can be 1 cubic meters per cubic plan.Write about technical disclosure, in general, common technical disclosure is copying, copy code, can guide the construction of more. My experience is that the construction process, construction procedure is not clear or copy some specifications, can let others say you are not mechanically, guide the concreteconstruction, but rather than let others see that you don't understand, that you speak the foreign language. Another reason is that technology are going into the delivery information, so absolutely not allowed to violate the norms. After all, there are some things that can be done, but not written. Want to improve, you should look at the operation of workers, to see what did not press the book to do, the quality of what bad influence, and must make a note of it, make a summary.Raw material sampling in some of the regular sampling unit is the witness, material member together with the completed, as a technician should participate in school, learn something and look at their specifications and rote knowledge rather than actual experiences such as remember, the mechanical properties of test specimen selection, not from the diagram of a simple reinforcement end to an interception, 1 meters after sampling, is due to the impact on the end of steel production to eliminate hot rolling, should pay attention to on-site sampling recheck is the purpose of random sampling, so that each can truly universal representative specimens. If the steel supply channels to ensure a reliable and long-term cooperation, is a high degree of credibility, can also put the specifications of the reinforced specimens at a time in the end of 1 reinforced, so after all ingredients to artificially increase the reinforced joints, waste materials. But remember that a standard approach should be what, in front of the owner and supervision whether you feel the relationship how well, you never can not play when you tell the truth. Of course, for the new technician, is in strict accordance with the requirements of the best to do, the first benefit is his heart dependably, second to give others a good impression is always very serious.Cement sampling must be in accordance with standard requirements from any 10 bags, take one point, mixed inspection. The advantage is to provide laboratory data closest to the actual situation, so that the issue of cooperation is more economical and scientific than the single.Site quality checks, templates, size, elevation checks, etc., are simple looking, in fact, the accumulation of experience is also very important. In the scene you can stay for a long time, where is the key, it is important to control, after an established fact holding the instrument fault is the project manager and the workers most objectionable. You worked hard for a long time and reported the results to the supervisor and project manager,Often there is no good face, polite, a little hum, said, know, bluntly, immediately give you a choking half: "originally you do what?""The hidden information filling, including construction of diary writing, that is your scholar job, don't say it who will do so, it should not be a technician thing, others take a day to rest, drink when you have to write a day to schedule, the operating condition of the machine, personnel arrangement and so on as a free learning opportunities. Look at how others are arranged, think about how something is handled, less talk, try to figure out the skills of other people, and deal with the supervisor. We should set up the ambition of laying the foundation for our independent work. Complaints don't help. Your hard work and dedication will be seen. Leadershiprecognition and respect for workers are the first steps in your job as a technician.In a word, I often tell the following people: "don't rush your grades, bury your head and do your work.".The reinforced material you have to participate in the audit, if the unit where the habits you practice is reinforced by reinforced material the foreman is responsible for, you want a copy of your check is the main bar joint position is reasonable, his material reinforced on a single row in your head, control the design drawings, see don't miss, do not understand ask him what this without losing face.If you want to do a good job of technical work, you must first create a good working atmosphere for yourself. Let the people around you identify with you and, if necessary, lean on the canteen.The stage of the technician is the stage of construction and foundation. The acquisition and accumulation of the actual experience of the construction site, the formation of the basic framework of interpersonal relations, including the establishment of the style of doing things and doing things are all at this stage.The construction site inevitably drink, internal communication, party a need to drink please supervision to drink, you can drink 1 pounds if you only say drink half a catty, if you can't drink half a catty simply say alcohol, regardless of your leadership or colleagues say smallpox not to drink, because theconstruction side is on the wine will be drunk.In the construction management, design change and project visa work is very important content, because it is a wide range of content, complex reasons, the law is poor, the occurrence of a long time, it is difficult to determine the cost. The project cost is generally due to design changes and project visa adjustment units accounted for the entire project completion settlement ratio, more close to 20%, there are around 6%, especially for technical innovation, technical innovation project in a greater proportion, mostly above 20%, sometimes even reached 40%. Therefore, attention and do a good job of this work is an event for the construction unit, I think the meaning and content of knowledge and understanding of design change and engineering visa is the first major event, not only help.The meaning and content of design changeThe design change is to ensure the quality of design and construction during the construction process, and to improve the engineering design. Design modifications to correct design errors and meet changes in site conditions. Generally include the original design unit issued by the design change notice and the construction unit with the original design unit agreed to the design change contact two kinds.In the construction organization design units and construction enterprises to participate in the design meeting,The construction enterprise and the construction unit is put forward, the parties agreed to study and change theconstruction practices, all belong to the design change, to add new drawings or design changes that are designed by the unit or the construction unit shall be responsible for.During the construction process, the construction enterprise encounters some unexpected situations which are not foreseen in the original design and needs to be dealt with. Such as the installation of pipeline engineering encountered in the process of the original design did not consider the equipment and pipe pier, no installation position in the original design elevation and so on, need to change the original design of the pipeline, or to elevation, approved by the design unit and construction unit, for design changes or changes in the design liaison. This kind of design change should indicate the project, location and change reason, practices, specifications and quantity, and after the change of the construction plan, by signature confirmation is the design change.After the start of the project, due to the need for some aspects of the construction unit to ask to change some construction methods, or add in some specific projects, such as in some engineering construction units due to increased requests for further approval from pipeline, design units to a design change.The construction enterprises in the construction process, due to construction, resource market, such as material supply or construction conditions are not ripe, that need to use other materials instead of design changes caused by, or need to change some project specific design, the two or three party to sign as a design change.The meaning and content of engineering visaIn the process of construction engineering visa, mainly refers to the construction enterprise construction engineering drawings, design change content determined, the construction drawing budget or budget quota fee does not contain the construction content and construction of the actual cost of the visa, such as the changes of construction conditions or are unable to meet the situation change quantity.Because of the construction unit, not at the time stipulated in the contract and ask for a material, space, equipment downtime, data loss due to construction enterprises.Due to the construction unit reason project is stopped or delayed or due to design changes and design errors caused by construction enterprises shut down, and the occurrence of slowdown, rework handling, personnel and equipment transfer loss.In the course of construction, the water loss and power failure caused by the construction unit resulted in the project can not be carried out smoothly, and for a long time, the construction enterprises can not arrange the economic losses caused by the shutdown.In the project, often encountered in the construction process of the working face is too small, operation more than a certain height, which requires the use of large equipment in order to ensure the smooth progress of the project, the constructionenterprise should be in the site actual conditions and construction scheme of circular construction units, construction units and the implementation in the consent of the consent the construction enterprise shall handle the project visa.For maintenance engineering, sporadic maintenance projects are no formal construction drawings, put forward a set of maintenance scheme by construction enterprises often before the overhaul, repair is completed for the project visa, visa and then apply for settlement on the basis of Engineering project. At this point, the project visa work is particularly important, directly related to the maintenance of settlement work smoothly.For design change negotiation principles and cautionsDesign change negotiation proposed by the contractor,After verification by the construction unit and the design unit, relevant drawings or instructions shall be sent by the design department to be submitted to the relevant departments for implementation. But in the submission of negotiations should pay attention to the following principles: the change after the construction is convenient? Is the construction cost increased by the construction unit? In order to handle the settlement and avoid unnecessary trouble, decrease the cost of the settlement caused by some as far as possible instead of material substitution, and design of single zhanbianer can do a visa can do change with the engineering change form.Oh, it's too difficult!The reasons for the general design change are:If it is caused by the mistake or defect of the design department.If the supervision unit fails or leads by mistake.Because of the unqualified quality of the materials supplied by the equipment and materials supplied by the suppliers.Due to reasons of construction units, improper construction or construction errors.Matters needing attention in handling engineering visasApply for on-site visa in time. Relating to the economic costs, downtime slowdown, employment visa, Jixietaiban visa, must find the site representative verification at the time of the first visa, if the Site Representatives refused to step back, can ask him to endorse the fact, and the work will be delayed. And report to your leader immediately.Not suitable for the form of visa, such as bargaining items, materials, prices, etc., should be agreed in the contract, and the contract did not agree, should be in the form of supplementary agreement by the relevant management personnel.Measures for strengthening design change and engineering visa management1, the establishment of a sound management system. Regulate the leadership, construction technology, to the settlement of relevant personnel responsibilities, rights and obligations, only clear responsibilities, management behavior in order to standardize the project management personnel at all levels in the design and engineering changes to the visa, improve their enthusiasm to perform their duties.2, establish contract disclosure system. Let each person involved in the construction project contract, contract and make disclosure records, when necessary, a copy of the contract sent to the relevant personnel, so that we do a comprehensive understanding of the contents of the contract, well, draw the economic and technical responsibility of both parties, for the actual work in the use of.3, strictly distinguish design change and engineering visa. According to the current regulations of our country, the design change and the engineering visa fee are all in the category of the preparatory fee, but the design change and the engineering visa are strictly distinguished and divided. If it belongs to the scope of design change, the design change notice shall be issued by the design unit, and the expenses incurred shall be dealt with according to the design change. The project visa is issued by the construction personnel at the site, and the expenses incurred shall be handled according to the causes.4, improve the sense of responsibility and business level, and strictly change the design and engineering visa.The change of the design and engineering construction products visa is a regular work in the construction process, strengthen the design changes and visa work is an important task of the construction unit cost management, is the comprehensive embodiment of the on-site construction personnel management level. Go ahead, friend.。
