法律英语名词解释A:1 acquittal 宣告无罪The legal certification ,usu. by jury verdict that an accused person is not guilty of the charged offense.2.authority 法源A legal writing taken as definitive or decisive, esp. a judicial or administrative decision cited asa precedent.3 ALI american law institute 美国法学会An organization of lawyers ,judges,and legal scholars who promote aonsistency and sincplification of american law by publishing restatement ,as well as promoting continuing legal education.4, .article of incorporation公司章程A document that set forth the basic terms of a corporation's existence, including the number and classes of shares and the purposes and durations of the corporation.C:1.criminal law 刑法The body of law defining offenses against the community at large regulating how suspects are investigated, charged and tried and establishing punishment for convicted offenders.2.crime 犯罪A social harm that the law makes punishable , the breach of a legal duty treated as the subject-matter of a criminal proceeding.3.criminal procedure 刑事诉讼程序The rules governing the mechanisms under which crimes are investigated, prosecuted，adjudicated, and punishment.4.civil rights 民权The individual rights of personal liberty by bill of rights and 13th, 14th, 15th and 19th amendment, as well as by legislation such as the voting right act.5.civil-rights act 民权法案One of several federal statutes enacted after the civil war and much later during and after civil-rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, and intended to implement and give further force to the basic rights guaranteed by constitution and esp. prohibiting discrimination in employment, and education on the basis of race, sex, religion, color or rage.6.civil action 民事诉讼An action brought to enforce redress or protect a private or civil rights, a non-criminal litigation.7.contract合同An agreement between two or more parties creating obligations that are enforceble or otherwise recognizable at law./doc/d015846175.html,munity property共同财产权Property owned in common by husband and wife as a result of its having been acquired the marriage by means other than an inheritance or a gift to one spouse ,each spouse holding a one-half interests in the property.9.corporation公司An entity having authority under law to act as a single person distinct from the shareholders whoown it and having rights to issue stock and exist indefinitely D:1.damages 损害赔偿金Money claimed by, or ordered to be paid to ,a person ascompensation tor loss or injury.2.duty of care 注意义务In torts, it also termed duty ,a legal relationship arising from a standard of care ,the violation of which subjects the actor to liability.3.doctrine of resipsa loquacious不言自明原则The doctrine providing that in some circumstance ,the mere acts of an accidents occurrence raises an inference of negligencr so as to establish a prime facie case.4.director 董事长A person appointed or elected to sit on a board that manages that affairs of a corporation or company by electing and erercising control over its officers.E:1.EEOC Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 平等工作机会委员会A federal agency created under civil rights act of 1964 to the end discrimination employment practice and to promote nondiscriminatory employment programs.2.easement 通行权地役权An interest in land owned by another person ,consisting in the right to use or contral the land ,or an area above or below it, for a specific limited purpose.F:1.fraud 欺诈Unconscionable dealing esp. in contract law, the unconsciontious use of the power arising out of the parties relative positions and resulting in an unconscionable bargain.2.foreclosure 丧失赎回权A legal proceeding to terminate a mortgagor's interest inproperty ,instituted by the lender ,either to gain titleor to force a sale in order to satisfy the unpaid debt secured by the property.3.federal antitrust act 联邦反托拉斯法The body of law designed to protect trade and commence from restrains, monopolie price-fixing and price discrimination.4.frustration 合同落空The doctrine that if the entire performance of a contract becomes fundamentally changed without any fault by either party ,the contract is considered terminated force.I:1.insanity defense 以精神病作辩护An affirmative defense alleging that a mental disorder caused to commit the crime2.imprisonment 监禁incarcerationThe act of confining a person esp. in a prison. the act or process of confining someone .J:1.jury 陪审团A group of persons selected according to law and given the power to decide questions of act and return a verdict in the case submitted to them.2.joint-venture corporation 合营公司A corporation that has joined with one or more individuals or corporation to accomplish more specified project.M,N,O:.manslaughter 非预谋杀人过失杀人The unlawful killing of human being without malice and aforethought.mistake 重大误解The situation in which the parties to a contract did not meanthing or when one or both ,while meaning the same thing ,formed untrue conclusions about the subject matter of the contract as a result of which the contract may be rendered void.misrepresentation 虚假陈述The act of making a false or misleading statement about sth. usu. with the intend to deceive. mislaid property错置财产Property that has been voluntarily relinquished by the owner with an intend to recover it later but that cannot now be found.nuisance 妨害行为A condition or situation that interferes with the use or enjoyment of property liability might or might not arise from the condition or situation.ordinance 法令An authoritative law or decree ,esp. a municipal regulation .municipal governments can pass ordinances on matters that the state governments allows to be regulated at the local level. ownership所有权The cllection of rights allowing one to use ,possess and enjoy property ,including the rights to convey it to others .S:self-defense 正当防卫The use of force to protect oneself ,one's family, or one's property from a real or threatened attack .generally speaking a person is justified in using a reasonable amount of force in self-defense if he or she believe that the danger or bodily harm.sanction 制裁punishmentA penallty or coercive measure that results from failure to comply with a law ,rule, or order. sentence宣判The judgement that a court formally pronounces after finding a criminal defendant guilty the punishment imposed ona criminal wrongdoer.summary judgement 简易审判A judgement granted on a claim about which there is no genuine issue of material fact and uponwhich the moion is entitled to prevail as a matter of law.secondary authority 次要法源Authority that explain the law but does not itself establish it, such as a treatise, annotation or law-view article.stare decisis遵循先例原则Latin to standby things decided the doctrine of precedent,under which it is necessary for a count to follow earlier judicial decision when the same points arise again in litigation.subsidiary corporation 子公司A corporation in which a parent corporation has a controlling share.shell corporation 空壳公司A corporation that has no active business and usu. exists only in name as a vehicle for another company's business operations.shareholder 股东One who owns or holds a share in a company, esp. a corporation. also termed share owner or stock holder.security 证券An instrument that evidences the holders ownership rights in a firm,the holder's creditor relationship with a firm or government or the other rights.security and exchange commission证券交易委员会The federal agency the regulates the issuance and trading of securities in an effort to protect investor against fraudulent or unfair practices.security exchange act of 1934证券交易条例The federal law regulating the public trading of securities,which provides for the registration and supervision of securities exchanges and brokers and regulates proxy solicitations.P:provocation 挑衅刺激Something that arouses anger or animoity in another that person to respond in the heat of passion.primary authority 首要法源Authority that issues directly from a law making body, legisation and the reports of litegated cases.persuasive authority 劝导性法源Authority that carries some weight but is not binding on a court .pledge 保证，抵押A bailment or other deposit of personal property to a creditor as security for a debt or obligation. parent corporation 母公司A corporation that has a controlling interest in another corporation usu. through ownership of more than one-half the voting stock .partnership合伙企业A voluntary association of two or more persons who joinly own and carry on a business for profit.quantum meruit 无合同约定时的合理给付The reasonable value of services damages awarded in an amount ,considerded reasonable tocompensate a person who has rendered services in a quasi-contractual relationship.R:restatement重述One of several influential treatises, published by american law institute ,describing the law in a given area and guiding its development.remedy 救济The means of enforcing a right or preventing or readdressing a wrong legal or equitable relief. real property 不动产Land and anything growing on ,attached to or erect on it ,excluding anything that may be severed without injury to the land .T:.tort 侵权A civil wrong for which a remedy may be obtained ,usu. in the form of damages,a breach of duty that the law impose on everyone in the same relation to one another as those involved in a given transaction.tortfeasor 侵权行为者One who commits a tort ,a wrongdoerU:.UCC:uniform commercial code 统一商法典A uniform law that grovens commercial transaction ,including sales of goods ,secured transaction ,and negotiable instrument.uniform partnership act 统一合伙条例A model code promulgated in 1914 to bring uniformity to state laws governing general and limited partnerships.warranty担保A covenant by which the grantor in deed promises to secure to the grantee the estate conveyed in the deed ,and pledges to compensate the grantee with other land if the grantee is evictedby someone having better title .。
