阅读：2002年北京试题解析——阅读
（一）
In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome , testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor's degree.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers ,resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
1. In the Middle Ages students_________.
A. took objective tests
B. specialized in one subject
C. were timed by electric clocks
D. never wrote exams
2. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that_________.
A. workers now take examination
B. the population has grown
C. there are only written exams
D. examinations are now written and timed
3. The kind of exams where students must select answers are_________.
A. personal
B. spoken
C. objective
D. written
4. Modern industry must have developed_________.
A. before the Middle Ages C. in Greece or Rome
B. around the 19th century D. machines to take tests
5. It may be concluded that testing_________.
A. should test only opinions C. has changed since the Middle Ages
B. should always be written D. is given only in factories
The market investigation is indispe n sable to sales promotion. They are closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market.
In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition. Under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions. In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are quoting (报价), what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc. Then, how can we obtain such information? There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work. The commercial counselor's offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations. Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot.
Certainly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information. The Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities. Of course , there are some other ways of making market investigations.
6. In making market investigation , one should_________.
A. get enough information concerned C. produce high quality goods
B. advertise his products D. none of the above
7. The word "indispensable" in the first line means_________.
A. impossible
B. essential
C. advisable
D. available
8. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. The relationship between market investigation and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth.
B. It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market investigation.
C. There are various ways of making market investigation.
D. Production goes before market investigation.
9. Making market investigation is very important because_________.
A. in market, goods on sale are numerous C. it can greatly promote sales
B. every producer is facing keen competition D. all of the above
10. All the following are channels to get market information except _________.
A. to have commercial counselor’s office of our embassi es stationed abroad
B. to promote the quality of our own products
C. to send trade groups abroad every now and then
D. to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen
On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvan i a to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked , "I have failed again." On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, "That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed."
Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
Today, every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.
11. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln was_________.
A. very critical
B. unpopular
C. very popular
D. very courteous
12. Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery because he was_________.
A. a famous speaker C. President of the country
B. a very handsome man D. a popular statesman
13. It can be inferred from the text that_________.
A. Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg
B. Lincoln was very busy at the time and didn't have much time to prepare his speech
C. Lincoln's speech was full of rich words
D. Lincoln's speech was very long
14. It was a fact that Lincoln's speech was _________.
A. an immediate success C. a total failure
B. warmly applauded D. not well-received at first
15. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style.
C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American school child.
D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States. （四）
Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however ,they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.
So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them. Apparently, there is a kind of "body wisdom,＂which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds ,while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.
16. In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rat's drinking water to______.
A. encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water
B. find out rats preference in flavor
C. test whether rats know which drink is good for them
D. demonstrate that vitamins are tasteless
17. The expression "the habit" (para.1, sentence 4) refers to drinking water which_________.
A. has no smell
B. is tasteless
C. has vitamins
D. is flavored
18. According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because______.
A. adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health
B. adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods
C. adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs
D. adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns
19. The author implied in the passage that most of us_________.
A. eat a balanced diet
B. choose the food that is of nutrition
C. have the habits influenced by the surroundings
D. like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor
20. As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_________.
A. both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet
B. both prefer flavored food and drink
C. both have the same eating patterns
D. both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors
（五）
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six. At this stage nearly ail the teachers are women, mostly married. (76) The atmosphere is usually very friendly, and the teachers have now accepted the idea that the important thing is to make the children happy and interested. The old authoritarian (要绝对服从的) methods of education were discredited (不被认可) rather a long time ago - so much so that many people now think that they have gone too far in the direction of trying to make children happy and interested rather than giving them actual instruction.
The social education of young children tries to make them accept the idea that human beings in a society need to work together for their common good. So the emphasis is on co-operation rather than competition throughout most of this process. This may seem curious, in view of the fact that American society is highly competitive; however, the need for making people sociable in this sense has come to be regarded as one of the functions of education. Most Americans do grow up with competitive ideas, and obviously quite a few as criminals, but it is not fair to say that the educational system fails. It probably does succeed in making most people sociable and ready to help one another both in material ways and through kindness and friendliness.
1. According to the passage, the U.S. elementary education is supposed to make children_______.
A. sensible and sensitive
B. competitive and interested
C. curious and friendly
D. happy and co-operative
2. Some Americans complain about elementary schools because they think__________.
A. children are reluctant to help each other
B. schools lay too much emphasis on co-operation
C. children should grow up with competitive ideas
D. schools give little actual instruction to children
3. The author's attitude towards American education can be best described as__________.
A. favorable
B. negative
C. tolerant
D. unfriendly
4. The American educational system emphasizes__________.
A. material wealth
B. competition
C. co-operation
D. personal benefit
5. The word "sociable" (Line 8, Paragraph 2) most probably means__________.
A. fond of talking freely
B. friendly with other people
C. concerned about social welfare
D. happy at school
（六）
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
Nonverbal (非语言的) communication has to do with gestures, movements and closeness of
two people when they are talking. (77) The scientists say that those gestures, movements and so on have meaning which words do not carry.
For example, the body distance between two speakers can be important. North Americans often complain that South Americans are unfriendly because they tend to stand close to the North American when speaking, while the South American often considers the North American to be "cold" or "distant" because he keeps a greater distance between himself and the person he is speaking to. The "eye contact" provides another example of what we are calling nonverbal communication. Scientists have observed that there is more eye contact between people who like each other than there is between people who don't like each other. (78) The length of time that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes indicates the amount of interest he has in the things you are talking about.
On the other hand, too long a gaze can make people uncomfortable. The eyes apparently play a great part in nonverbal communication. Genuine warmth or interest, shyness or confidence can often be seen in the eyes. We do not always consider a smile to be a sign of friendliness. Someone who is always smiling, and with little apparent reasons, often makes us uneasy.
6. According to the passage, nonverbal communication__________.
A. is a method often used by people who cannot speak
B. can tell something that words cannot
C. can be used to talk with people who cannot bear
D. is less used than words
7. The South American__________.
A. tends to keep a distance between himself and the person he is speaking to
B. usually stands close to the person he is talking to
C. is often unfriendly when spoken to
D. is often cold and distant when speaking
8. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Less eye contact suggests distance in relation.
B. The longer one looks at you, the more interest he has in you.
C. There is more eye contact between people who like each other.
D. Shorter eye contact shows more interest in what one is talking about
9. Too long a gaze__________.
A. may upset people being looked at
B. shows one's great confidence
C. indicates one's interest in the talk
D. tells you how friendly one is
10. Constant smiling without apparent reason__________.
A. is a sign of one's friendliness
B. is a sign of one's unfriendliness
C. makes people feel happy
D. makes people feel uncomfortable
（七）
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Television has opened windows in everybody's life. Young men will never again go to war as
they did in 1914. Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle. And the result has been a general dislike of war, and perhaps more interest in helping those who suffer from all the terrible things that have been shown on the sc-Teen.
Television has also changed politics. The most distant areas can now follow state affairs, see and hear the politicians before an election. Better informed, people are more likely to vote, and so to make their opinion count.
Unfortunately, television's influence has been extremely harnfful to the young. (79) Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world; that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless. They believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable. All educators agree that the "television generations" are more violent than their parents and grandparents.
Also, the young are less patient. (80) Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and interesting, they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn't do funny things like the people on children's programs. And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten, fifteen, or thirty minutes. That's the time it takes on the screen.
11. In the past, many young people__________.
A. knew the effects of war
B. went in for politics
C. liked to save the wounded in wars
D. were willing to be soldiers
12. Now with TV people can__________.
A. discus politics at an information center
B. show more interest in politics
C. make theft own decisions on political affairs
D. express their opinions freely
13. The author thinks that TV advertisements__________.
A. are not reliable on the whole
B. are useless to people
C. are a good guide to adults
D. are very harmful to the young
14. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A. People have become used to crimes now.
B. With a TV set some problems can be solved quickly.
C. People now like to read books with pictures.
D. The adults are less violent than the young.
15. From the passage, we can conclude that__________.
A. children should keep away from TV
B. TV programs should be improved
C. children's books should have pictures
D. TV has a deep influence on the young
（八）
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subwa y downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.”
57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that are essential in achieving success .
A ability and goals C ability and environment
B goals and determination D goals and environment
58.The word “frugal”(Line. 2, Para 2.) means _____.
A wealthy
B wasteful
C thrifty
D miserable
59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ______.
A their life is miserable C their goals are too low
B they do not live in peace D they are not rich enough by their own standards
60. The last paragraph implies that ______.
A we should have high goals
B success means achieving great goals
C success means taking a walk in the park
D success means trying one’s best at what one really likes
61. This passage mainly talks about _______.
A the definition of success C how to set goals
B how to achieve success D the importance of goals
Passage 1 Date:
Answers:
1. In the Middle Ages students_________.
A. took objective tests
B. specialized in one subject
C. were timed by electric clocks
D. never wrote exams
D (According to para.1, the first sentence. In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written.)
2. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that_________.
A. workers now take examination
B. the population has grown
C. there are only written exams
D. examinations are now written and timed
D (According to para.3, line1&line4-5. Generally, however, modern examinations are written. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers.)
3. The kind of exams where students must select answers are_________.
A. personal
B. spoken
C. objective
D. written
C (According to para.4, line2-4. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers.)
4. Modern industry must have developed_________.
A. before the Middle Ages C. in Greece or Rome
B. around the 19th century D. machines to take tests
B (According to para.3, line1-4. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.)
5. It may be concluded that testing_________.
A. should test only opinions C. has changed since the Middle Ages
B. should always be written D. is given only in factor
C(According to the whole passage, A, B, D are not ,mentioned directly. The passage mainly talks about that after the Middle Ages, more and more people began to write in the exam instead of spoken text. So, I choose C.)
Passage 2 Date:
Answers:
6. In making market investigation , one should_________.
A. get enough information concerned C. produce high quality goods
B. advertise his products D. none of the above
A（According to para.2, line3-5. In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what price s they are quoting (报价), what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc.）
7. The word "indispensable" in the first line means_________.
A. impossible
B. essential
C. advisable
D. available
B (The word is in the para.1, first sentence. The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion. And the whole passage talks about market investigation.So the first sentence maybe want to tell us the important of investigation. So I guess the word indispensable means necessary.
So I choose B.)
8. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. The relationship between market investigation and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth.
B. It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market investigation.
C. There are various ways of making market investigation.
D. Production goes before market investigation.
D (From para.1, line 2-3. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market. We can see writer’s opinion is before producion, one should make market investigation first. So, D is wrong.)
9. Making market investigation is very important because_________.
A. in market, goods on sale are numerous C. it can greatly promote sales
B. every producer is facing keen competition D. all of the above
D (According to goods on sale coming from different countries, we can see A is right; According to suppliers are always facing keen competition, we can se B is right; From investigation, people can know the goods’ price better, so C is right. So, I choose D.)
10. All the following are channels to get market information except _________.
A. to have commercial counselor’s office of our embassies stationed abroad
B. to promote the quality of our own products
C. to send trade groups abroad every now and then
D. to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen
B(From those sentences, The commercial counselor's offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations. Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then. Certainly,face-to-face talks with foreign
businessmen are also important channels to get market information. We can see A C D are right. B is not mentioned. So I choose B.)
Passage 3 Date:
Answers:
11. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln was_________.
A. very critical
B. unpopular
C. very popular
D. very courteous A (According to para.1, line2-3. There was much criticism of President Lincoln on November 19, 1863.)
12. Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery because he was_________.
A. a famous speaker C. President of the country
B. a very handsome man D. a popular statesman
C (From para.1, line 3-4 He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness.)
13. It can be inferred from the text that_________.
A. Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg
B. Lincoln was very busy at the time and didn't have much time to prepare his speech
C. Lincoln's speech was full of rich words
D. Lincoln's speech was very long
B (From these sentences: It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. He spoke for only nine minutes. We can see A
C
D are wrong. B is right.)
14. It was a fact that Lincoln's speech was _________.
A. an immediate success C. a total failure
B. warmly applauded D. not well-received at first
D (From these sentences, At the end there was little applause. After period of time people began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history. We can see at first nobody thought the speech was good, from time going, more and more people realized it was the greastest speech. So, A B are wrong. D is more suitable than C. So I choose D.)
15. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style.
C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American school child.
D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.
D (Accoding to They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. We can see A B are right; Accoding to Today, every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. We can see c is right; From Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history. We can see D is wrong(not only greastest one. It is one of greastest one.). So I choose D.)
Passage 4 Date:
Answers:
16. In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rat's drinking water to______.
A. encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water
B. find out rats preference in flavor
C. test whether rats know which drink is good for them
D. demonstrate that vitamins are tasteless
C (According to para.1, line2-5. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time,prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles.)
17. The expression "the habit" (para.1, sentence 4) refers to drinking water which_________.
A. has no smell
B. is tasteless
C. has vitamins
D. is flavored
D(From sentence 3, we can get the answer. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however ,they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were. We can see the habit means drinking fragrant flavor water. So I choose D)
18. According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because______.
A. adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health
B. adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods
C. adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs
D. adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns
C (From para.3, line 3-4. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits.)
19. The author implied in the passage that most of us_________.
A. eat a balanced diet
B. choose the food that is of nutrition
C. have the habits influenced by the surroundings
D. like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor
C (A B
D are not mentioned. From Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. We can see C is right. )
20. As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_________.
A. both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet
B. both prefer flavored food and drink
C. both have the same eating patterns
D. both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors
A (Accoding to para.3 the first sentence. So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them.)
小学数学深度教学的策略探究 摘要：自2010年开始，“深度教学”的理念正在迈入各家小学，同时在课堂教学改革的尝试当中也获得了不错的成效，给课堂教学与学生的成长带来了深厚的影响。我通过结合自己在教学当中获得的经验和心得体会，就如何在小学数学教学课堂中开展深度教学的一些方法与策略进行了总结。 关键词：小学数学；深度教学；策略研究 一、前言 深度教学作为一种可以真正实现增强课堂教学的发展性的教学理念，其所强调的是知识本身的内部结构以及多维价值，其所指向的是学生学习意义方面的构建和持续发展。在小学数学当中开展深入教学，已经成为了现时深化数学课堂教学改革的重要方向。 二、小学数学深度教学的策略与手段 （一）深入研读教材，明确教学目标 深入地研读与分析教材中相关的内容，明确教学的目标便是真正能够让学生深入学习的基础。而这些则需要数学教师可以做到深入地研读与研究新课程标准里面的各种新内容，全面地了解教材里面的知识编排体系，可以做到将每节课里面的教学内容放置于全知识体系里面，站于数学教学的
总体脉络出发，从整体上着手开展深入地研读教材，制定出明确的教学目标，同时保证教学目标的科学性、合理性以及可行性。 举个例子，在学习“统计”这一课的时候，为可以使教学可以实现深度学习的目的，我们便以“调查工作者”的活动上了一节课。在这一节课里面，我们需要让学生懂得如何记录在具体的一时间段里面，立交桥下具体有多少台汽车经过，这些汽车的种类与颜色又是怎样的，通过小组合作的方式，编制出统计图，同时以统计图作为分析，思考我们应该怎样去保护环境。 针对这样的内容，我设计了明确的教学目标： 知识与能力：必须要可以掌握统计图的制作方法、组成要素与内容。 过程与方法：懂得怎样去制统计图，可以从统计图里面清晰得到自己想要获得的信息。 情感、态度与价值观：可以认识到数学其为一门和现实生活紧密联系的学科，同时要树立起保护环境的意识，可以真正做到从个人出发，保护环境。 通过上面的三维教学目标的明确与设置，不但可以满足现实的授课内容需求，同时又可以真正做到理论教育和素质教育两者的相结合，实现让学生深度学习的教学效果。（二）丰富学生的数学活动经验
新视野大学英语快速阅读第三册答案全 Unit1 Passage1 1—5 DCDCD 6—8 AAB Passage2 1 smart enough 2 enters the house 3 only one act 4 properly trained 5 race horses 6 500 to 600 7 because used to each other 8 family or food Passage3 1—5 ADDAD 6—7 AC 8 talking 9 direct commands 10 cultural,not personal Passage4 1—5 Y Y N NG N 6—7 N Y
8 the individual 9 responsible behavior 10 written budget Unit2 Passage1 1—5 Y Y N Y N 6—8 N NG Y Passage2 1 the use of drugs 2 dull and hopeless 3 more and more drugs 4 LSD 5 really able to do 6 long jail sentences 7 dangerous situations 8 full of tension Passage3 1—5 ACBDC 6—7 DA 8 skills courses 9 certificates 10 world communication Passage4 1—5 NG Y N Y Y
6—7 Y N 8 it is easier 9 confront different challenges 10 allowing everything Unit3 Passage1 1—5 BCBAC 6—8 CAC Passage2 1 900 miles 2 weeks of time 3 the kind of boats 4 getting into the mud 5 different levels of water 6 man-made lakes 7 the force of the water 8 the photographys taken from spaceships Passage3 1—5 DBCAB 6—7 AD 8 the chain store 9 th e firm’s expenses Passage4 1—5 N NG N Y N
时光就像一个美少女，在低眉浅笑中，就将有些人一些事隔到了光阴的对面。其实光阴从不曾厚过谁也不曾薄过谁，生活就是一种积累，你若储存的温暖多，你的生活就会阳光明媚，你若储存太多寒凉，你的生活就会阴云密布。放下烦恼与忧愁，带着最美的微笑出发，脚下路在，前方希望在，回眸处爱与温暖一直都在。 牵一片光阴行走在流年里，看年华似水，缘聚缘散。曾经执着过的感情，慢慢的就淡了；曾经牵过手的人，走着走着就散了。流年的光阴里，温习着一场场错过；岁月的转角处，上演着悲欢离合。尘世间有太少的相濡以沫，太多的相忘于江湖。永远到底有多远？是天涯咫尺，亦或是咫尺天涯？被你牵过的手，揽不住永久，一句对不起辜负了多少我爱你。转身，你不再是我风花雪月的主角，我也不再是你心头的那颗朱砂。缘起，你在人群中；缘灭，你已在天涯。往事是一道风景，就算再美也只适合欣赏，或许，学会放开双手，心，才会自由。 生活是什么？生活是柴米油盐的平淡；是行色匆匆早出晚归的奔波；生活是错的时间遇到对的人的遗憾；是爱的付出与回报；生活是看不同的风景，遇到不同的人；是行至水穷尽，坐看云起时的峰回路转；生活是灵魂经历伤痛后的微笑怒放；是挫折坎坷被晾晒后的坚强；生活是酸甜苦辣被岁月沉淀后的馨香；是经历风霜雪雨洗礼后的懂得；生活是走遍千山万水后，回眸一笑的洒脱。 人生山一程水一程，总会有高潮和低谷，掬一捧光阴，握一份懂得，穿越一场又一场的生命迷雾。不是没有忧伤，是我们学会了坚强，不是没有挫折，是我们学会了面对。每一场经历都是生活的积累，每一次坎坷都是生命的历练。春暖花开，打开心灵之窗，走过阴霾，只要明天的太阳还会升起，生命就会在阳光中怒放。 倘佯在流年里，没有永远的快乐，也没有永远的伤痛。累的时候记得停下来歇歇，难过的时候蹲下来抱抱自己，寒冷的日子给自己些温暖，孤独的时候为自己寻一片晴空。我们都是红尘过客，缘来时你在我心里，缘去时让往事随风，学会好好爱自己，因为你不爱自己，没有人会更爱你，你若不坚强，没有人会替你坚强。 流年无恙，谁许过谁岁月静好？时光不居，谁许过谁天长地久？烟花不堪剪。你说，莫失莫忘，后来，梦里花凉；你说，生死相依，后来，转身擦肩；你说，天涯咫尺，后来，咫尺天涯。花开时节正逢君，花落时节已陌路。落红尽处，尘缘暗殇。谁懂离人泪？谁为雨花赋？原来，不是所有的执子之手，都能够与子偕老，失去的风景，走散的人都住在缘分的尽头。山盟海誓空对月，海枯石烂终成空，你的红尘，我也只是路过的幸福。曾经，你若安好，我便是晴天；从此，你若不好，再和我无关。或许，邂逅，缘于情；转身，缘于爱。就让那些曾经身手相牵的过往，在隔岸的年华里低吟浅唱，在回忆与遗忘中继续着我们的人生。
Unit 1 Johnny the Explorer 约翰尼探险家 Johnny was three when he ran away from home for the first time. Somebody left the garden gate open. Johnny wandered out, crossed some fields, and two hours later, arrived in the next village. He was just able to give his name and address. 当约翰尼第一次离家出走时,他只有 3岁。有些人的花园门口敞开着。约翰尼越过这些地段就漫步出去了,接着 2个小时后,他到了下一个村子。他只能说出他的名字和地址。 By the time he was seven, Johnny used to vanish from home two to three times a year. Sometimes he covered quite long distances on foot. On other occasions he got on a bus or even a train, and simply sat there until someone asked for his ticket. Generally the police brought him home. "Why do you do it?" they used to ask. "You aren't unhappy at home, are you? .... " "Of course not," Johnny replied. "Then why?" "I just like seeing places," Johnny told them. 等到他 7岁的以后,约翰尼经常离家出走,一年内有两到三次。有时他步行到很远的地方。其他时候,他通常坐公共汽车或甚至坐火车外出,并朴素地坐在里面直到有人来买票。通常警察来带他回家。“为什么你要离家出走?” 警察们问他,“你在家里是幸福的,不是吗? .... ”“当然不是不幸福,”约翰尼回答道。“那是为什么呢?”“我只是喜欢外出探险, ”约翰尼告诉他们。 Johnny continued to "see places" although everyone tried to stop him. His parents used to watch him closely, and so did his teachers; but sooner or later Johnny managed to slip away. As he grew older, his favorite trick was to hide on a long distance truck. Sometimes he used to travel hundreds of miles before anyone discovered him.
小学语文经典课外阅读 1. 我爱水，所以我爱大海，爱长江，也爱小溪流。但是，我最爱的还是湖。 静静的湖，像是一块无瑕的翡翠，在阳光的照耀下，闪烁着美丽的光泽。 我喜欢独自一个人坐在湖畔，看着平静的湖面幻想。我想湖中一定有一个明亮的水晶宫，那是鱼儿的家园，不然它们怎么整天那么欢乐？水晶宫里一定有一块巨大的、发光的翡翠，不然湖水为什么会绿得这么美？我凝视湖面，偶尔投一枚石子，让它激起一道道波纹；或是放一只纸船，让它随着湖波飘荡。 静静的湖是可爱的，但雨中的湖更动人。 细丝般的雨丝飘下来，不停地织啊织，织出湖——这块绿色的“锦” 。“锦”上无穷无尽的圆环，像美丽的姑娘绣出的朵朵鲜花。 雷雨到来时的湖真热闹。你看，天空中一道道亮光，那是开幕的礼花上了天。你听，“轰轰”，礼炮响了，大会就开始了。等大雨一落，联欢会立刻开始。你看到湖面上朵朵竞相开放的雨花了吗？那是正在翩翩起舞的金色姑娘头上的玉花。 你想知道节目是否精彩吗？那“哗哗”的雷鸣般的“掌声”会把一切都告诉你。 湖是美的...... 1、给短文加上题目 , 写在横线上。
2、用“——”画出文中的过渡句。用“～～”画出文中前后照应的句子。 3、比一比，组词。 蓝（）龄（）朴（）庆（）篮（）铃（）扑（）厌（）4、把下面的词语适当地搭配起来（用“＿＿＿”划出来）： 飞快地（跑跳走）微微地（躺下点头说笑）辛勤地（玩耍思考工作）尽情地（跳舞看书弹琴）5、缩写句子。 我喜欢独自一个人坐在湖畔，看着平静的湖面幻想。 6、文章主要描述了（） （1）湖的美丽（2）下雨的韵味（ 3）湖的绿 7、作者从哪几方面描写了雨中湖的什么特点？ 8、文中的“礼花”指的是，“礼炮”指的是 ，“玉花”指的是，“掌声”指的 是。 参考答案： 1、美丽的湖
小学语文的深度阅读教学 一节语文课的深刻反思 深度教学概念的提出，是对当前教学进行深刻反思后提出的，为教学中出现的主要问题找到了解决方法。教学中出现的肤浅、低效就会得以改变，为一线教学指明了方向，让我们的课堂逐步走向高效，让学生真正全身心的投入学习，得到高质量的学习体验，提高核心素养。 长期以来，小学的语文阅读教学也存在这种浅尝辄止的现象。教师讲解平淡无味，学生学习更是索然无味。深度学习为高效课堂提供了新的方向和思路，为教师的阅读教学建构提出了解决策略。 前几天听了我校赵丹丹老师的语文阅读课《慈母情怀》，使我对深度阅读教学的认识有了质的提升。下面就赵老师这节课的教学过程，谈一谈对深度阅读学习的建构和体悟。 一、深度设计目标。也就是本节课的学习任务明确，由浅入深，凸显阅读教学的本质。 阅读教学的任务一般情况下有三点，第一是语文知识类，第二是语文方法类，第三是情感体验和价值观。 赵老师的教学目标是这样设计的: 1、想象描写的场景、细节，体会《慈母情深》。 2、体会文中反复出现的词语的表达效果。 3、能联系生活实际，写出自己“鼻子一酸”的经历。 从本节课的教学目标设计可以看出，教师合理安排目标，层层深
入。先是体会文中反复出现的词语的表达效果；其次是想象描写的场景细节，体会《慈母情深》；最后联系生活实际，写出自己“鼻子一酸”的经历。把《慈母情深》这一主题逐步深化。期间加入了阅读方法的指导和语文知识训练。重方法，强深度。 二、正确引导学生深度学习。 抓重点词语“鼻子一酸”，营造了“慈母情深”的情境，直奔重点展开教学。 教学导入是这样设计的： 师：鼻子一酸是什么感觉？ 生：伤心、难过、想哭。 师：不对呀，我想买书，母亲把钱给我了，我应该高兴呀！但我却只是伤心，只是想哭，只是鼻子一酸。这是为什么？ 这样的创情境导入切中要害，体现了教者对教材的深度剖析。这样的教学导入才有深度。 三、层层深入，挖掘主题。 阅读教学需要学生全身心的投入，这样深度学习才真正发生。本节课教者预设了四个内容，环环相扣，层层深入。引导学生深入学习课文，体会《慈母情深》的情感。 预设一： 师：“犹如身在蒸笼”，热到难以忍受。看到母亲在这样的环境工工作。你能用一个词来形容厂房的工作环境吗？ 师：红字“七八十”发现了吗？“七八十”出现了四次，说明了
Unit 6 第六单元 Karoshi 过劳死 You might be of the opinion that a little hard work never hurt anyone, but this old saying 你可能会认为有点努力工作不会伤害任何人,但这个老说 is wearing thin. Tokyo interiors fitter Nobuo Miuro, quite literally, died in his work boots 穿着瘦。东京的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感钳工Nobuo Miuro照字面上,死于他的工作的靴子 in the middle of a 17-hour shift: a Japanese doctor returned a verdict of death by overwork. 这场当中的改变:日本医生裁定死于加班。 It's a phenomenon that has become so common in Japan (where a typical office worker can 那是一种现象,已经非常普遍在日本(在一个典型的办公室工人可以 leave home at 7am, only getting back after 11pm) that they even have their own word for it: 早上7点离开家,只在晚上11点后打回到,他们甚至还有自己的的话:
"karoshi". “过劳死”。 Karoshi has yet to make it as a buzzword in current British usage, but that's not to say 还没有过劳死,在当前的热门话题,而英国的用法,但这并不是说 that long hours and work-related stress aren't taking their toll on us here. Self-reported 那么长时间和工作压力不重要,我们这里的代价。自报的 health problems in the past 12 months by people in the UK working 48 hours or more have 健康问题,在过去的12个月,英国人在48小时内工作 included mental exhaustion (54 %), difficulty sleeping (43 %) and range from chronic 包括精神的疲惫(5400 %),入睡困难(43 %)年龄从慢性 headaches and irritable bowel trouble to ulcers and drug or alcohol problems. 头痛和肠易激麻烦去溃疡和吸毒或喝酒的问题。
小学语文经典题（课外语段阅读） 课外1： 暖色的梦 路边的小花在瑟瑟的寒风中 谦卑地开放了 仿佛大地做了一个小小的梦 纤弱的身影 投在深黑的土地上 沉默的微笑 温柔了整个世界 那几片单纯的花瓣 竟一下子使行者的眼眶涌满了泪水 开了又枯萎了 路边的小花 仿佛大地做了又一个小小的梦 1．路边的小花开了，大地做了一个“小小的梦”，她梦见了什么，请你展开想象，写一写： ______________________________________________________________ 2．面对如些谦卑的小花，“行者的眼眶涌满了泪水”，你是怎样理解的？ _____________________________________________________________________ 解题思路： 认真品读诗歌，体悟诗歌内涵；仔细阅读题目，结合诗歌内容，发挥想象，组织语言表达。 参考答案： 1．如：它梦见自己装点着这个世界，人们非常喜欢它。 2．小花默默地吐露芬芳，装点自然，温暖世界，她的生命虽然短暂，奉献虽然很小，但她深深地感动了每一个行者。 角斜小学赵兴军课外2：
我爱水，所以我爱大海，爱长江，也爱小溪流。但是，我最爱的还是湖。 静静的湖，像是一块无瑕的翡翠，在阳光的照耀下，闪烁着美丽的光泽。 我喜欢独自一个人坐在湖畔，看着平静的湖面幻想。我想湖中一定有一个明亮的水晶宫，那是鱼儿的家园，不然它们怎么整天那么欢乐？水晶宫里一定有一块巨大的、发光的翡翠，不然湖水为什么会绿得这么美？我凝视湖面，偶尔投一枚石子，让它激起一道道波纹；或是放一只纸船，让它随着湖波飘荡。 静静的湖是可爱的，但雨中的湖更动人。 细丝般的雨丝飘下来，不停地织啊织，织出湖——这块绿色的“锦”。“锦”上无穷无尽的圆环，像美丽的姑娘绣出的朵朵鲜花。 雷雨到来时的湖真热闹。你看，天空中一道道亮光，那是开幕的礼花上了天。你听，“轰轰”，礼炮响了，大会就开始了。等大雨一落，联欢会立刻开始。你看到湖面上朵朵竞相开放的雨花了吗？那是正在翩翩起舞的金色姑娘头上的玉花。你想知道节目是否精彩吗？那“哗哗”的雷鸣般的“掌声”会把一切都告诉你。 湖是美的…… 1、给短文加上题目,写在横线上。 2、用“——”画出文中的过渡句。用“～～”画出文中前后照应的句子。 3、作者从哪几方面描写了雨中湖的什么特点？ 4、文中的“礼花”指的是，“礼炮”指的是，“玉花”指的是，“掌声”指的是。 解题指导： 新大纲明确要求：语文课程应“指导学生正确理解和运用祖国语文，丰富语言的积累，培育语感，发展思维”。如何让学生学会分析文章，领悟主要精神？一是读懂短文，知道短文讲的主要内容，作者所要表达的情感； 二是指导学生抓住短文的开头和结尾，因为一般人用文字表达思想的时候总喜欢把最为重要的东西放在开头和结尾，诸如开场白、压轴戏； 三是掌握常用的修辞手法。 四是抓住短文的关键句子，进行分析，以便更好地把握文章的内容。 五是回答问题，答题要简单明了，答案要紧扣题目要求。
促进深度学习的课堂教学策略研究 2015年04月20日15:23 来源：《课程·教材·教法》2014年第201411期作者：安富 海字号 打印纠错分享推荐浏览量102 作者简介：安富海，西北师范大学西北少数民族教育发展研究中心，甘肃兰州730070 安富海，1981年生，男，甘肃庆阳人，教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地西北师范大学西北少数民族教育发展研究中心副教授，教育学博士，主要从事课程与教学论研究。 内容提要：深度学习是一种基于高阶思维发展的理解性学习，具有注重批判理解、强调内容整合、促进知识建构、着意迁移运用等特征。深度学习不仅需要学生积极主动的参与，还需要教师通过确立高阶思维发展的教学目标、整合意义联接的学习内容、创设促进深度学习的真实情境、选择持续关注的评价方式进行积极引导。 关键词：深度学习浅层学习教学策略 标题注释：本文系2014年教育部人文社科项目(14XJC880001)和2014年甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2014A022)成果之一。 新课程改革以来，课堂教学中的独白和灌输逐渐被“自主、合作、探究”等新型学习方式所取代，对话成为课堂教学的主旋律。这种新型的对话式的课堂教学模式与传统的授受式的课堂教学模式相比，在学生学习兴趣的激发、学生参与课堂活动的广度和师生合作交流的状态等方面都实现了质的飞跃。但由于教师对新型学习方式的内涵、原理、实施策略等方面理解不到位，使得“自主、合作、探究”等学习方式在实施过程中出现了许多问题。调查发现，许多自称合作性、探究性的课堂上，学生忙碌于各种“工具”的使用和“自由”的交流，对于学习活动要解决的核心问题，往往只停留在对过程和步骤的认识层面上。从课堂学习的现状来看，和传统的死记硬背、机械训练的学习相比，“自主、合作、探究”等学习方式改变的仅仅是学生记忆知识的愉悦程度，并没有体现出对新型学习方式所强调的自主学习的能力、合作学习的意识、科学探究的精神的重视。这种只关注外在形式、忽视其精神实质的学习过程并没有使学生真正理解知识、体验情感、践行价值观，而仅仅使学生记住了知识、认识了情感、了解了价值观。这种基于简单记忆和重复训练的浅层学习对于促进学生理解知识、建构意义、解决问题等能力的发展有很大的局限。本研究拟针对这一问题，运用深度学习的原理分析浅层学习存在的问题及原因，进而从教师的角度探讨促进学生深度学习的策略。 一、深度学习的内涵 深度学习理论认为学习既是个体感知、记忆、思维等认知过程，也是根植于社会文化、历史背景、现实生活的社会建构过程。[1]深度学习(deep learning)
Unit 1 A-1 Alone in the Arctic Cold 一个人在北极严寒 Day had broken exceedingly cold and gray, when the man turned aside from the main Yukon 一天打碎了非常寒冷和灰色,当那个人偏离主要育空 trail and climbed the slope, where a dim and little-traveled trail led eastward through the 试验和爬上斜坡,在那里的是一个朦胧而过去向东穿过了踪迹 pine forest. The slope was steep, and he paused for breath at the top. There was no sun nor 松林之间。坡率陡峭,而且他停顿了一下喘不过气来保持最佳的状态。没有太阳和 hint of sun, though there was not a cloud in the sky. It was a clear day, and yet there 缕阳光,尽管他天空无云。这是一个晴朗的日子,但在那里 seemed to be a mist over the face of things, that made the day dark. This fact did not worry 似乎是一个蒙上了一层水汽表面看来,把这天黑暗。这个事实不担心
the man. He was used to the lack of sun. 那个人。他被用来缺乏阳光。 The man looked back along the way he had come. The Yukon River lay a mile wide and hidden 那人回头而且他已经来了。育空河打下英里宽藏起来了 under three feet of ice. On top of this ice were as many feet of snow. It was unbroken 以下3英尺的冰。这个世界上的冰一样多英尺的积雪。这是连续的 white, save for a dark hairline that was the trail that led south five hundred miles to the 白色的,除了一个黑暗的发际线了痕迹,向南延伸达500英里去的 Chilcoot Pass. 库特关口。 But all this—the mysterious, far-reaching hairline trail, the absence of sun from the sky, 但是,整个神秘,深远的发际线跟踪,没有太阳从天空,
三块钱 他是一个军人，在战场上负伤，双腿高位截瘫。他的妻子没有工作，一家三口就靠着他的抚恤金生活。 为了能够养活自己的家庭，他安了假肢，买了一辆三轮车，靠拉人赚钱谋生。 那天傍晚，瓢泼大雨。在街道的拐角处，上来了两个西装革履的客人，客人说，快点啊，我们急着见人。没走多远，车在一个上坡的地方陷进泥坑。雨大路滑，怎么也上不去了。 他央求客人下来，先把车推过去，再上车。可是满地泥泞，客人怎么也不愿意下车。雨越下越大，他想等人来帮帮自己，可左等右等，也没有人影。 客人不耐烦了，要求退款坐到别人的车。可是他不愿意，这是今天的第一笔生意，也可能是唯一一笔，虽然只有三块钱，他不想放弃。 还是没有人来，他只好尝试着自己推。淋着大雨，站在泥坑里，他的双脚使劲蹬着地面，一手握着车龙头，一手用力推着车身。也许因为太用力，“啪”的一声，可怕的事情发生了，他的假肢断裂了！ 鲜血，从他的创口慢慢渗出来，混着雨水，一直流到泥坑里。从不流泪的他，在大雨中一边绑着自己的假肢，一边默默地流泪。 当客人再次要求退钱的时候，他已经用布绑好了假肢。他的头发在雨水的冲刷下，紧紧地贴在脸上。他再一次要求客人下来，先让自己把车推过去，然后，再回来背他们过去，可还是被客人断然拒绝了。一个男人的尊严在雨中湿透了，为了三块钱。 他再一次上了车，继续往前蹬，希望能出现奇迹。一个没有双腿的男人就这样就这样在雨中弓着脊背，脊梁上托着他的家庭，他的责任。 故事的结局很简单——终于有人帮他把车推了上去。他揣着赚来的三块钱，跑到无人的地方，嚎啕大哭。然后，平静地回家。 两年后，他换了辆摩托车，五年后，他换了辆小汽车。 他还是以拉人为营生。开上汽车的那天晚上，他对妻子说，这个月我们终于可以有303块的收入了。 13．用简要的语言概括小说的故事情节： ①开端 ②发展： ③高潮： ④结局： 14．小说的主人公是，他的家庭情况，一家人靠他的和生活。 15．文章对人物描写的主要方法有：
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/064965569.html, 推进小学语文深度阅读的几点思考 作者：杨德铸 来源：《江苏教育》2017年第21期 【摘要】小学语文要告别浅层次的讲解分析，就需要推进深度阅读。对于深度阅读，教师需要知道：深度阅读是指向语言文字感悟的阅读；深度阅读是指向让学探究的阅读；深度阅读是指向思维发展的阅读；深度阅读是指向情感熏陶的阅读。 【关键词】深度阅读；语言感悟；让学探究；思维发展；情感熏陶 【中图分类号】G623.23 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1005-6009（2017）81-0070-02 【作者简介】杨德铸，南京化学工业园区教师发展中心（南京，210044）副主任，高级教师。 小学语文教学要告别简单肤浅的讲和读、问与答，深度阅读是一个重要的抓手。对于如何推进深度阅读，笔者有如下几点体会： 1.深度阅读是指向语言文字感悟的阅读。 深度阅读从品味语言开始，这是由语文学科的特点所决定的。要将语言文字的品读感悟推向深入，需要教师的精心设计和耐心实施。这种设计和实施，要凸显以下几个方面： 第一，品读感悟要聚焦语言特色。一篇文章并非处处都有妙语，教师要引导学生深度品读的是那些具有鲜明特质的语言，这些语言不仅在表达形式上有特质，而且在表情达意的效果上独具特色，且有内涵与深度。苏教版五下《我和祖父的园子》一文，儿童化的语言使文章充满了乡土气息，教学时，教师可以聚焦以下两处关键点：一是我和祖父在园子中劳动时的“快乐和自由”；二是园子中的一切都活了，一切都是自由的。 第二，语言的妙处需要教师的指导。学生由于思想和认识上的欠缺，并不能感知到语言文字运用的精妙，这就需要教师的点拨，慢慢养成“语感”。阅读《我和祖父的园子》一文，我们来看看萧红的描写：“祖父一天都在园子里边，我也跟着祖父在园子里边。祖父戴一顶大草帽，我戴一顶小草帽。祖父栽花，我就栽花；祖父拔草，我就拔草。当祖父下种，种小白菜的时候，我就跟在后边，把那下了种的土窝，用脚一个个地溜平。哪里会溜得准，东一脚西一脚地瞎闹。有时不单菜种没被土盖上，反而被我踢飞了。”我们仔细推敲划横线部分萧红的行为，就能明显地感觉出小萧红就是祖父的跟屁虫，同时也是一个调皮蛋。是不是很有情趣？祖孙两人是不是感情深厚？ 第三，语言的发展要与训练运用相结合。语言的掌握和运用需要平台支撑，因此，教师要为学生搭建这样的平台，并且要充分调动学生的积极性，让他们互相学习、评价和借鉴。
思维导图在英语教学中的应用 105号 175中学张彦敏 一. 认识思维导图 思维导图是基于对人脑的模拟，它的整个画面正象人的大脑的结构图，分布着许多“沟”与“回”，这种模拟突出了思维内容的重心和层次，强化了联想功能，正象大脑细胞之间无限丰富的连接。最有趣的是它以一个中心向外发散出千千万万个分支，每一个分支又与中心点连接，且每一个分支又可以成为一个中心点，再向外发散出千千万万的分支。思维导图作为一种思维工具，主要使用颜色、线条、符号、词汇和图像等直观形象的方式来呈现思维的过程，表达知识结构和知识信息，有助于培养学习者的高级思维技能和知识建构能力。教师立足于学生的实际情况，运用思维导图进行教学，直接应用到英语知识学习的预习、整理（如笔记）、记忆、复习、交流、写作等过程中，能有效提高学生的英语学习能力。 二.运用思维导图进行预习激发兴趣化解难点 教师将思维导图应用于前置性作业中，在预习时提出知识要点，引导学生展开探究。学生通过先做后学，对新知识有了初步感受和浅层理解，从而更有目的性地进行课堂的学习，降低了对新知识的畏难情绪。在课堂上，教师再引入学生的预习作品作为教学资源，分析学生所画的思维导图中存在的问题，并进行有针对性的讲解，这样既丰富了教学手段，提高了学生的学习兴趣，又化解了教学难点，提高了课堂教学的有效性。以新版牛津英语八年级上册Unit1为例,
思维导图在 英语前置性作业中的使用，不但帮助学生更有效地独立完成知识的前期学习，提高学习效率，还有助于他们形成自主学习的能力，为终身学习奠定基础。 三.运用思维导图进行学习 梳理知识把握重点 思维导图运用图文并重的技巧，把各级主题的关系用互相隶属于相关的层级图表现出来，把主题关键词与图像、颜色等建立记忆链接，在英语教学中主要采用以下两种：主树图、对比图。主树图用于梳理文章的知识点，归纳各个知识点间的关系 对比图则是以对比的形式归纳出相关知识点间的异同点，促使学生主动思考，培养他们主动寻求答案的学习习惯。在学习Unit 3《Inventions 》这一课时，教师引导学生画出对比图，从发明人,发明时间,作用等角度去分析比较不同之处，较好地完成了compare the difference among the inventions 这一教学目标： 通过将主树图和对比图这两种思维导图结合起来灵活运用，能够帮助学生将零散的知识和资源融会贯通成为一个系统，形成系统学习和思维的习惯，从而极大地提高学习效率。 achievements year of birth year of death childhood p a i n t e r i n v e n t o r m u s i c i a n e n g i n e e r s c i e n t i s t contributions 1519 1452 birthplace c o u n t r y s i d e , I t a l y s h o w e d g r e a t i n t e l l i g e n c e a n d a r t i s t i c a b i l i t y adulthood l e a r n t t o d o m a n y d i f f e r e n t t h i n g s m a n y i n v e n t i o n s f a m o u s p a i n t i n g s L e o n a r d o d a V i n c i
全新版大学英语 快速阅读1 Unit 1 Johnny the Explorer Johnny was three when he ran away from home for the first time. Somebody left the garden gate open. Johnny wandered out, crossed some fields, and two hours later, arrived in the next village. He was just able to give his name and address. By the time he was seven, Johnny used to vanish from home two to three times a year. Sometimes he covered quite long distances on foot. On other occasions he got on a bus or even a train, and simply sat there until someone asked for his ticket. Generally the police brought him home. "Why do you do it?" they used to ask. "You aren't unhappy at home, are you? .... " "Of course not," Johnny replied. "Then why?" "I just like seeing places," Johnny told them. Johnny continued to "see places" although everyone tried to stop him. His parents used to watch him closely, and so did his teachers; but
小升初课外经典常考阅读短文集锦 美文主题：励志、感恩、爱心 沐浴经典文章，接受高尚洗礼！ 附：小升初语文阅读理解方法分类指导
1.他要感谢那只手 ①感恩节的前夕，美国芝加哥的一家报纸编辑部向一位小学女教师约稿，希望 得到一些家境贫寒的孩子画的图画，图画的内容是：他想感谢的东西。 ②孩子们高兴地在白纸上描画起来。女教师猜想这些贫民区的孩子们想要感谢 的东西是很少的，可能大多数孩子会画上餐桌上的火鸡或冰淇淋等。 ③当小道格拉斯交上他的画时，她吃了一惊，他画的是一只手。 ④是谁的手？这个抽象的表现使她迷惑不解。孩子们也纷纷猜测。一个说：“这 准是上帝的手。”另一个说：“是农夫的手，因为农夫喂了火鸡。” ⑤女教师走到小道格拉斯一个皮肤棕黑色又瘦又小头发卷曲的孩子 桌前弯腰低头问他能告诉我你画的是谁的手吗 ⑥这是你的手老师孩子小声答道 ⑦她回想起来了，在放学后，她常常拉着他黏糊糊的小手，送这个孩子走一段。 他家很穷，父亲常喝酒，母亲体弱多病，没有工作，小道格拉斯破旧的衣服总是脏兮兮的。当然，她也常拉别的孩子的手。可这只老师的手对小道格拉斯却有非凡的意义，他要感谢这只手。 ⑧我们每个人都有要感谢的，其中( )有物质上的给予，( )还有精 神上的支持，诸如得到了自信和机会。对很多给予者来说，也许，这种给予是微不足道的，可它的作用却难以估计。因此，我们每个人都应尽自己的所能，给予别人。 1．给第⑤⑥自然段加上标点。 2．第⑦自然段中说：“可这只老师的手对小道格拉斯却有非凡的意义”，这里的“非凡的意义”指的是什么？（20个字左右）3．在第⑧自然段中的括号里填上恰当的关联词。 4．从全文看，第⑦自然段的记叙顺序是( )；第⑧自然段的作用是( )。 5．这篇充满人情味的散文表达了一个极为明确的观点，这就是______________________________________________________________________ 6．假如给你一个同样的主题——我想感谢的东西，请你说说你想感谢的是什么，为什么？ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2.大师的学生 一位音乐系的学生走进练习室,钢琴上,摆着一份全新的乐谱。 “超高难度……”他翻动着,喃喃自语,感觉自己对弹奏钢琴的信心似乎跌到了谷底,消磨殆尽。已经三个月了!自从跟了这位新的指导教授之后,他不知道,为什么教授要以这种方式整人。 勉强打起精神。他开始用十个手指头奋战、奋战、奋战……琴音盖住了练习室外教授走来的脚步声。 指导教授是个极有名的钢琴大师。授课第一天,他给自己的新学生一份乐谱。“试试看吧!”他说。乐谱难度颇高,学生弹得生涩僵滞,错误百出。“还不熟,回去好好练习!”教授在
思维导图简介 思维导图，又叫心智图，是表达发射性思维的有效的图形思维工具，它简单却又极其有效，是一种革命性的思维工具。思维导图就像神经细胞一样由一个点散发出多条线。思维导图运用图文并重的技巧，把各级主题的关系用相互隶属与相关的层级图表现出来，把主题关键词与图像、颜色等建立记忆链接，思维导图充分运用左右脑的机能，利用记忆、阅读、思维的规律，协助人们在科学与艺术、逻辑与想象之间平衡发展，从而开启人类大脑的无限潜能。思维导图因此具有人类思维的强大功能。 思维导图是一种将放射性思考具体化的方法。我们知道放射性思考是人类大脑的自然思考方式，每一种进入大脑的资料，不论是感觉、记忆或是想法——包括文字、数字、符码、食物、香气、线条、颜色、意象、节奏、音符等，都可以成为一个思考中心，并由此中心向外发散出成千上万的关节点，每一个关节点代表与中心主题的一个连结，而每一个连结又可以成为另一个中心主题，再向外发散出成千上万的关节点，呈现出放射性立体结构，而这些 关节的连结可以视为您的记忆，也就是您的个人数据库。思维导图 人类从一出生即开始累积这些庞大且复杂的数据库，大脑惊人的储存能力使我们累积了大量的资料，经由思维导图的放射性思考方法，除了加速资料的累积量外，更多的是将数据依据彼此间的关联性分层分类管理，使资料的储存、管理及应用因更有系统化而增加大脑运作的效率。同时，思维导图是最能善用左右脑的功能，藉由颜色、图像、符码的使用，不但可以协助我们记忆、增进我们的创造力，也让思维导图更轻松有趣，且具有个人特色及多面性。 思维导图以放射性思考模式为基础的收放自如方式，除了提供一个正确而快速的学习方法与工具外，运用在创意的联想与收敛、项目企划、问题解决与分析、会议管理等方面，往往产生令人惊喜的效果。它是一种展现个人智力潜能极至的方法，将可提升思考技巧，大幅增、组织力与创造力。它与传统笔记法和学习法有量子跳跃式的差异，主要是因为它源自
Unit 4 学习单元四中有关 The Suburban Century 郊外的世纪 The United States is a nation of suburbs. The 1990 census makes it official. Nearly half the 美国是一个年轻的国家的郊区。一九九○年的人口普查使它的官员。近一半的 country 's population now lives in suburbs, up from a quarter in 1950 and a third in 1960. 国家的人口现在住在郊区的四分之一,而在1950年,三分之一在1960年创立的。 The third century of American history is shaping up as the suburban century. Until 1920 most 第三世纪的美国历史是塑造成郊区的世纪。直到1920年最 Americans lived in rural areas. By 1960 the country was a third urban, a third rural, and a 美国人都生活在乡下。1960年第三个国家的城市,三分之一的农村, third suburban. That balance didn't last long, however. By 1990 the urban population had 第三郊区。这种平衡没有延续很久,不过了。到1990年城市人口
slipped to 31 percent and the rural population was down to less than a quarter. We are now a 滑落至31%和农村人口是到不到一刻钟。目前我们为 suburban nation with an urban fringe and a rural fringe. 郊区市镇边缘的国家与乡村刘海。 The first century of American life was dominated by the rural myth: the sturdy and self- 第一个世纪的美国人的生活主要是由农村传说:强劲和自我- reliant Jeffersonian farmer. By the end of the nineteenth century, however, Americans were 支持杰斐逊来农民。到19世纪末,,然而,美国人 getting off the farms as fast as they could, to escape the hardship and brutality of rural 下车农场,越快越好、逃避那是一段艰苦和野蛮的农村 life. 生活。