形容词的比较级和最高级
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形容词的比较级和最高级
1. 在英语中，在表示“比较…”和“最…”时，形容词要用特别的形式，称为“比较级”和“最高级”，原来的形容词称为“原级”：
原级 比较级 最高级
strong强 stronger较强、更强 strongest最强
2. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法如下：
a. 单音节词和少数双音节词以加-er和-est的方式构成：
原级 比较级 最高级
young年轻 younger较年轻 youngest最年轻
old老 older较老 oldest最老
clean干净 cleaner较干净 cleanest最干净
在加词尾时要注意下面的各种情况：
四种情况 构成 例词
一般情况 直接加er, est small, smaller, smallest
tall, taller, tallest
以e结尾的词 加-r，-st large, larger, largest
fine,finer, finest
以辅音＋y结尾的词 变y为i，再加er, est busy, busier, busiest
easy, easier, easiest
happy, happier, happiest
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个
辅音字母，辅音字母前有一个元音字
母的词 双写末尾的辅音字母，
再加er, est big, bigger, biggest
thin, thinner, thinnest
wet,wetter, wettest
red, redder, reddest
fat, fatter, fattest
hot, hotter , hottest
b. 多音节词和部分双音节词都在前面加more, most构成比较级及最高级：
原级 比较级 最高级 important more important most important
difficult more difficult most difficult
interesting more interesting most interesting
useful more useful most useful
tired more tired most tired
c. 特殊词的比较级和最高级形式：
原级 比较级 最高级
good / well better best
bad / ill worse worst
many / much more most
little less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest
old older /elder oldest / eldest
注意点1：elder和eldest可用来表示兄弟和子女的长幼顺序：
my elder sister 我的姐姐
my eldest brother 我的大哥
their eldest son他们的长子
注意点2：further表示“较远”外，还可表示 “进一步的”；而farther仅表示距离：
We went farther than we had planned. 我们比原先的计划走的还远。
Do you need any further help? 你还需要更进一步的帮助吗？
形容词比较级的用法
包含形容词比较级的句子多带有一个由than引起的状语从句，表示和什么相比，从句中有些词会省略掉：
His room is bigger than mine. 他的房间比我的房间大。
She is younger than my sister. 她比我妹妹年轻。
She is taller than her elder sister. 她比她姐姐高。
Life was much harder than it is today. 那时的生活比现在苦得多。
Europe has less land than Canada. 欧洲的面积比加拿大小。
They are all younger than me. 他们都比我年轻。 She knows more English than I do. 她的英语比我懂的多。
有时状语从句可以省略：
The weather is warmer today. 今天天气要暖和得多。
Are you feeling better now? 现在你感觉好一点了吗？
I’ll be more careful in future. 以后我要细心点。
Have you got a larger size? 你们有大一点的吗？
I had never seen a better film. 我没看过(比这)更好的电影。
形容词比较级的情况
1. 同级比较
两个比较对象程度相同时，用“as+形容词原级+as的结构” 也就是说，在表示“和…一样…”时，可用“as... as”结构(两个as之间的词要用原形)：
He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。
I’ll give you as much help as I can. 我将尽量帮助你。
The airport was as crowded as ever. 机场还是像平常那样拥挤。
You’re as good a singer as Jay Chou. 你的歌唱得像周杰伦一样好。
Modern computers can be as small as a book. 现在的电脑可以像一本书那样大。
Tom is as tall as his brother. 汤姆和他哥哥一样高。
Your hair is as long as mine. 你的头发和我的一样长。
在这两种结构中，第一个as是副词，而第二个as是连词；在第二个as的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格。例如：
His bedroom is not as big as his sister's.
It is not so hot as yesterday.
比较对象中一方不及另一方时，用“not as(so)+形容词原级+as ” 表示“不像…那样…”或“less+形容词原级+
than”的结构。
He is not as careful as his sister. == He is less careful than his sister.
== His sister is more careful than he.
It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷。
He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊。
I’m not so experienced as you think. 我没有你想的那样有经验。
The situation is not so bad as had been painted. 形势没有描绘的那样糟糕。
Jack is not as(so) old as he looks. 杰克不像他看起来那样老。
注意：“as... as”结构前面必须是as，而“not as(so)…as 结构，前面的as可以换成so。
2、在比较级 + than的结构前可以加上某些修饰词，以对其进行修饰，如：far（远），even（甚至），much（许多），still（更，还），a lot（许多），a little / bit（一点），等等。例如：
She’s a little more outgoing than me. 她比我稍微外向些。
My bike is much newer than his. 我的自行车比他的新的多。
Our room is even bigger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的甚至还大一点。
This car is a bit more expensive. 这辆车稍稍贵点。
You are far taller than Tom. 你比汤姆高得多。
Your pronunciation is much better than mine. 你发音比我好多了。
3、 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构是：
a. The + 比较级+ 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子 。它表示的意义是"越（怎么样就）越（怎么样）"，在这个结构中的两个"比较级"不要求一定词性相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定。例如： The harder
you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.朋友越多， 我们就越高兴。
The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。
b. 比较级+ and + 比较级。它表示的意义是"越来越（怎么样）"，在这个结构中的两个 "比较级"则要求词性相同。例如：
Our country becomes more and more beautiful. 我们国家变的越来越美。
Most cities in China are getting bigger and bigger. 中国大多数城市越来越大。
When spring comes, the weather is warmer and warmer. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和。
4、 在两者之中选择“较为、、、 ” 的一个， 比较级之前加the.例如：
Amy is the taller of the two girls.
Of the two books, the one on the right is the better.
比较级拓展
The whale was twice as long as her boat. 那头鲸有她的那艘船的两倍长。
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子约为我们房子三倍大。
My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我的英语掌握得还不及你的一半好。
He was almost as diligent as his sister. 他几乎和她姐姐一样勤奋。
