2019高考英语真题分类汇编专题07 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(解析版)

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题07 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。

句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。

由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。

本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

故选B。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell【答案D【解析】考查动词的时态。

句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。

发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。

故选D。

3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。

高考英语谓语动词的时态、被动语态和主谓一致考点1 谓语动词的时态一、谓语动词时态的种类1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的构成1)一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:2)be的变化:am,is,are。

3)have的变化:has,have。

(2)一般现在时的用法2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时的构成1)一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:2)was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。

3)注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词:规则变化是直接加-ed,如play→played;不规则变化是把y 改为id,如:pay→paid,say→said。

(2)一般过去时的用法3.一般将来时(1)一般将来时的构成(2)一般将来时的用法4.现在进行时(1)现在进行时的构成：is/am/are+现在分词(2)现在进行时的用法5.过去进行时(1)过去进行时的构成：was/were+现在分词(2)过去进行时的用法6.现在完成时(1)现在完成时的构成：has/have+过去分词(2)现在完成时的用法注意(1)瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化。

如:他参军3年了。

(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.(√)He has been in the army for 3 years.(换动词)(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.(换时态)(√)It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army.(换句型)(2)部分瞬间动词(词组)与延续性动词(词组)对应表7.过去将来时(1)过去将来时的构成(2)过去将来时的用法8.将来进行时(1)将来进行时的构成：will/shall be doing(2)将来进行时的用法9.过去完成时(1)过去完成时的构成：had+过去分词(2)过去完成时的用法10.现在完成进行时(1)现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been doing(2)现在完成进行时的用法二、谓语动词时态的呼应1.主将从现2.含宾语从句的句子的时态一致问题(1)宾语从句中的动词时态常受主句谓语动词时态的制约,如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句中的谓语动词可以不受影响。

三、动词的时态及语态I 时态时态考查项目1 过去完成时2 现在完成进行时3 将来完成时4 一般现在时(用于表示客观事实/科学真理)答题依据: 句中时间状语主从句谓语动词的先后关系语境时态的呼应(the sequence of tenses)时态呼应是指从句中谓语动词的时态因受主句中谓语动词时态的影响而须采用一定的时态，从而达到两者在逻辑关系上的一致。

（一）主句谓语动词的时态为现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词根据实际情况可用各种时态She says she is a college student.she was a college student.she will be a college student.Has he told you when he is to leave for Beijing?Will you tell me when you finished the work?（二）主句谓语动词用过去时态1 若从句谓语动词的动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时或过去进行时She told me she was a teacher.He said he was studying English.2 若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，从句用过去完成时或过去完成进行时She explained to me that she had made the mistake chieflyout of carelessness.Betty said that she had been waiting for my call.3 若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之后，从句用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时。

He said that he would come back the next day.She said that she would be setting off on the 10 o’clock train.He told them that he would have finished by six o’clock.4 若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但从句中有表示某一具体时间的状语，从句用一般过去时。

2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题07：完形填空一、完形填空（共7题；共140分）1. ( 20分 ) （2019•浙江）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually the 1 the idea isthe more it gets noticed. And that's precisely why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention.Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe surviving 3 on discarded（丢弃）food.The three-month 1 900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.As you can 5 the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants 6 tons of food eachyear much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers healthregulations or business policies. Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 9 most restaurants have a policy against 10 food waste. "Some peoplehave even 11 their jobs by giving me food" Dubanchet said.What's 12 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet'scause. Berlin has been the 13 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There he had to 14 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 15 is all the more serious when you consider the 16 exercise required to bikefrom France to Poland."I have to get food 17 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 18"Dubanchet explained. "Is my 19 full or empty? That is the most important thingnot what I am eating."He aims to 20 his journey by mid-July. With any luck he'll turn a few more headsin the process.2. ( 20分 ) （2019•北京）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

考点01 动词时态、语态与主谓一致（侧重时态）1.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.【答案】walks【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。

walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。

故填walks。

2.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.【答案】were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。

我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。

”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题07 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。

句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。

由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。

本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

故选B。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell【答案D【解析】考查动词的时态。

句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。

发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。

故选D。

3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。

专题06动词的时态、语态和主谓一致1.（2023年新高考II卷）As a little girl,I________(wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up.【答案】wished【详解】考查动词时态。

句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。

分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。

故填wished。

2.（2023年浙江卷1月）Citizens of higher social classes(permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.【答案】were permitted【详解】考查动词的被动语态。

句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。

分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。

故填were permitted。

3.（2023年浙江卷1月）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often______ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).【答案】featured【详解】考查动词时态。

句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。

分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。

故填featured。

1.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be)previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.【答案】were【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。

三年（2019-2021）年高考真题分项汇编专题07 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致一、2021年高考真题1.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。

分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。

根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。

故填was。

2.（2021.6 浙江卷语法填空）furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查一般过去时。

句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。

rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。

3.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）. 【答案】was built ;【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。

根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词，又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。

本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。

故填was built。

4.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】hired【解析】考查动词的时态。

根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知，应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。

5.（2021.6 浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown【答案】has proved 或has proven【解析】考查现在完成时。

A11 动词的时态与语态23. A11[2018·安徽卷] The twins, who ________ their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A．will finish B．finishC．have finished D．had finished23．D 考查动词的时态。

根据语境可知，完成作业是在were allowed之前发生的动作，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。

句意：已完成作业的双胞胎，被允许到操场上打羽毛球。

故选D。

22．A11[2018·北京卷] —Hi, let's go skating.—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I ________ in an application form for a new job.A．fill B．have filledC．am filling D．will fill22．C 考查动词的时态。

根据上下文可知，回答人“正忙着”，所以是“正在填写申请表格”，用现在进行时，选C。

31．A11[2018·北京卷] —What time is it?—I have no idea.But just a minute，I ________ it for you.A．check B．checkedC．will check D．would check31．C 考查动词的时态。

根据句意可知说话人不知道现在几点，但是“将去核实一下”，应选一般将来时。

故选C。

32．A11[2018·北京卷] I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ when I arrived.A．started B．was startingC．would start D．had started32．D 考查动词的时态。

十年高考真题分类汇编（2010-2019）英语专题07 动词时态和语态(2010﹒全国卷I﹒T21)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?—No, I ______ my homework all day yesterday.A. was doingB. would doC. has doneD. do【答案】A【解析】句意：—你读完了Jane Eyre吗？—没有, 我昨天一直做作业。

可以根据句意解答, 也可以使用排除法。

A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。

题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去, 应该选择与过去相关的时态, 排除D。

B为过去将来时不符合题意, C过去完成时是过去的过去, 使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时, 题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。

(2010﹒全国卷I﹒T28)When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely.A. are arrivingB. have arrivedC. had arrivedD. will arrive【答案】B【解析】句意：当你到家的时候, 打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。

此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。

句意为“当你到家的时候, 打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成, 译为“已经……”。

同时也可以使用排除法, arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will + do表示将来, 因此A和D同时排除, C为过去完成时, 使用过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过去时, 过去完成时是过去的过去, 因此C也排除, 选择B.(2010﹒全国卷I﹒T32)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.A. is madeB. would makeC. was to be madeD. had made【答案】C【解析】句意：在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。

专题07 动词的时态和语态—精讲深剖一．语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.【答案】have reported【解析】考查时态。

根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。

2.（2019全国II卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词。

根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。

3.（2019全国III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.【答案】recommended【解析】考查一般过去时态。

句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。

“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。

故填recommended。

4.（2019浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).【答案】will have/has【解析】考查时态。

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（7）：动词时态和语态含解析李仕才【考点解读】一、动词的时态1．一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。

句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语。

Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。

“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say，“because every step shows.”—So what is the procedure?—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。

My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。

如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。

The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.2．一般过去时(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。