翻译复习整理

大学英语5级读写（提高班）翻译复习英译汉：1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。

2.He was eloquent and elegant—but soft.他有口才、有风度，但性格软弱。

3.His whole family were religious.他全家都是虔诚的教徒。

4.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist,his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。

5.The decision has to come.决定还没做出6.Characteristically,Mr.Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.海罗德与众不同，他隐藏着自己的感情，边看边学。

7.The frequency,wave length,and speed of sound are closely related.频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。

8.Of visible light,red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.在各种可见光中，红光的波长最长，紫光的波长最短。

9.He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal.他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议，但还是白费了力气。

（副词的分译）10.They,not unexpectedly,did not respond.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

科技英语翻译复习重点（英译汉篇）一、词语意思翻译1.A fastener is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.（直译法）紧固件是指将两个或多个物体通过机械方法固定在一起的硬件装置。

2.Machinery design is either to formulate an engineering plan for the satisfaction ofa specified need or to solve an engineering problem.（直译法）机械设计的目的是为满足特定需求而绘制工程图纸或解决工程问题。

3.In the1970s,integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors futher decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers.（增词法）20世纪70年代，集成电路技术的发展和后续的微处理器的发明进一步缩小了计算机的尺寸，降低了价格，同时加快了运行速度，提高了可靠性。

4.A power reactor has no need of oil,for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of nuclear fission,not of combustion.（增词法）原子动力反应堆不需要油，因为铀堆中所产生的热是核裂变的结果，而不是燃烧的结果。

5.The elementary mechanical components of a machine are termed machine elements.These elements consist of three basic types:structural components, mechanisms,and control components.（省略法）机器的基本机械构件称为机械零件，包括三种基本类型，即：结构构件、机械构件和控制构件。

英语笔译复习计划
复习计划：
1. 温习基础知识：复习英语语法、词汇、句型等基础知识，并确保理解和掌握。

2. 阅读理解：练习阅读理解题，提高对英语文章的理解能力。

可以选择不同主题、不同难度的文章进行阅读，并进行相关练习。

3. 写作练习：进行写作练习，例如写信、写作文等。

可以选择不同主题和类型的写作练习，提高写作能力和表达能力。

4. 听力练习：进行听力练习，提高听力理解能力。

可以听英语新闻、英语教学材料等，并做相应的听力题目练习。

5. 口语练习：进行口语练习，提高口语表达能力。

可以与他人进行英语对话、参加英语角等活动，积极练习口语。

6. 词汇记忆：记忆和复习常见的英语词汇。

可以使用词汇卡片、词汇书籍等辅助工具，增加词汇量。

7. 翻译练习：进行翻译练习，提高英语到母语的翻译能力。

选择不同类型和难度的文本进行翻译，并进行校对和改进。

8. 模拟考试：进行模拟考试，检验自己的英语水平和复习效果。

可以选择常见的英语考试类型进行模拟考试，如托福、雅思等。

9. 错题总结：对练习和考试中做错的题目进行总结和反思，找出错误的原因并加以改正。

10. 辅助工具：合理使用辅助工具，如英语学习App、英语学
习网站等，提供更多的学习资源和学习方式。

通过以上计划，可以全面复习英语笔译基础知识，提高各项能力，并通过模拟考试不断提高应试能力。

持续坚持学习和练习，相信能取得进步。

高考英语翻译专项复习常见句式（一）be pleased/displeased with对....感到满意/不满意，不悦Be satisfied with, be content with对....感到满意Inform sb of sth 告知，通知某人某事, sb be informed of sth某人被告知某事,get/make sb informed of sth使某人知道某事Need doing sth=need to be done 需要做某事:The bike needs repairing.-The bike needs to be repaired.Remind sb of sth/doing sth提醒某人某事/做某事as/so long as只要.....; as far as和.....一样远，至于；once一旦，有一次;while当....时（延续性动词），然而感官动词的用法：hear sb do/doing sth; watch/see/notice listen to sb do/doing sthtake advantage of利用，欺骗show off炫耀Show sb around sw带某人参观某地work out 解决，计算出，锻炼身体figure out弄清楚，弄明白，解决out of curiosity处于好奇Be curious about对....好奇marvel at惊叹于....Ring true听起来真实cater to设法适应，迎合（爱好）Cater for为宴会等提供食品，服务娱乐：cater for large banquet承办大型宴会Be related to sth/doing sth与....相关to a great extent很大程度上To some extent从某种程度上讲make/set up one’s mind to do sth下定决心做某事（二）（doing,to为介词的常见搭配）Have difficulty/trouble doing sth做某事有困难permit doing sth允许做某事Allow sb to do sth,agree to do sth允许做某事admit doing sth承认做某事Mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做Finish doing sth完成做某事deny doing sth否认做某事Risk doing sth 冒险做某事enjoy doing sth做某事Advise/suggest doing sth建议做某事practice doing练习做某事Avoid doing sth避免做某事imagine doing sth想象做某事Envy doing sth 羡慕做某事require doing sth=require to be done Mind doing sth介意做某事appreciate doing sth感谢，感激做某事object to sth/doing sth反对做某事Subject oneself to sth 使服从于，受制于adapt oneself to sth/doing sth适应... Adjust oneself to sth/doing sth调整以适应.... Resort to 诉诸.......Turn to sb for help向某人求助amount to/add up to总计，到达.... Take to sb/sth/doing sth：养成某种习惯，嗜好....，对...产生好感，轻易学会，照管，照料开始从事submit to 服从于，屈服于，投降Respond/react/reply to.... 对...做出回应/反应/回复Correspond to与....一致，符合Attend to倾听，听取，照顾，照料，专心于，致力于attend to one’s advice听取某人的意见，attend to customers招呼好顾客, attend to one’s duties 尽职refer to指的是look forward to sth/doing sth盼望.... Lead to 导致give birth to生孩子，产生，造成Be exposed to sth被暴露于，接触.... give rise to引起，导致Have access to游进入，使用....的权利approach to学习...的途径，处理...的方法，接近，靠近，通往....的方法Pay attention to注意show mercy to同情，怜悯...Be related to 与...相关be connected to 连接be relevant to与....相关Be equal to等于，能胜任bid farewell to sb想某人告别Owe to 由于; owe sth to sb把某事儿归功于某人thanks to幸亏Due to 由于with regard to 至于，关于，对于考虑到Contribute oneself to sth/doing sth为...做贡献make contributions to sth/doing sth Devote oneself to sth/doing sth投身于be devoted to sth/doing sthBe absorbed in....专心致力于..... Be engaged in参与，从事于，忙于Be heavily involved in全神贯注于.... Bury oneself in sth/doing sth ....专心致力于.... Focus on聚焦于，专注于concentrate on集中精力与....Be occupied with sth, be occupied in doing sth忙于做某事be busy with sth, be busy in doing sth忙于做某事Get down to sth/doing sth开始认真注意或对待某事,着手认真做某事Bend oneself to sth/doing致力于，热心从事，竭力做be addicted to sth/doing sth沉迷于Commit oneself to sth/doing sth，be committed to sth/doing sth全身心投入．．．，承诺．．．．．．Be hooked on....沉溺于，对....入迷Commit a crime犯罪commit suicide自杀Take...into account/consideration把....考虑进去take sth for granted,take for granted that......把....视为理所应当常见翻译句型1. As is known ( to us all ), … = It is known (to us all) that…2. It seems that sb./sth.… =sb./sth. seems to…It appears (to sb) that…=sb./sth. appears to…3. It (so)happened that sb./sth.…=sb./sth. happened to…4. There is/are….There seems to be…There happened to be…There must have been…There is going to/will be…5. Sth occu rr ed to sbIt (suddenly) occurred to sb t hat…It never occurred to sb that… = It didn’t occur to sb that…6. It is said / reported that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is said / reported to do…It is believed that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is believed to do……7. It is no good / use doing…They think / consider / feel it no use / good doingIt is likely that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is likely to do…It is possible / probable that sb./sth.…8. It is hard to imagine /say / believe…It is no wonder that…9. It takes sb. some time to do sth.Sb. takes some time to do sth.Sb. spends time/money doing sth / on sth10. When/Whenever it comes to sb./sth/doing sth, …11. It (still) remains a question whether…= Whether … remains a question. Whether … remains to be seen.Whether … ( or not ) mainly depends on…12. It matters a lot / little whether/who/how…It doesn’t matter whether/who/how…What (really) matters (to sb) is …13. Y ou make it a rule to do / that…They make it possible / clear (for sb) to do / that …We find / feel / think / consider it+adj. / n. (for sb) to do / that…We think / consider / feel it a great honor to do sth14. keep / bear sth in mind → keep / bear in mind that…15. take sth. for grantedtake it for granted that … = It is taken for granted that…16. see to sth.see to it that…= make sure that …17. I would appreciate it (very much) if you could do sth.I would be grateful/thankful (to sb.) if you could do sth.18. It won’t be long before…→It will be …before…It is / was the first / second time that … (现在完成时/ 过去完成时)19. It is up to sb. to do sth.20. It was+强调部分+ that …Sb. do / does / did +v.21. not … until 直到……才……→It is/was not until… that…→Not until…22. The first time +从句…= When… for the first time,…Every time / Each time …= Whenever…The moment / The instant / Directly… = As soon as… 一…… 就23. no sooner … than / hardly … whenI had no sooner left than she called. =No sooner had I left than she called.24. n. / adj. / adv. + as / though + S + V 虽然……25. However / No matter how + adj. / adv. + S + V,…whatever / wherever / whenever / whichever / whoever / whomever / whether26. The more … the more …27. There is no / not much point in doing …There is no need (for sb) to do …There is no doubt that…There is no possibility of doing / that …There is no denying that …28. Chances are that … 可能……29. since / now that既然30. It is / has been some time since … (过去式)It was some time since… (过去完成时)31. Those who…32. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.He is one of the students who have passed the exam.33. 倒装①全部倒装②部分倒装Only +状语（短语/从句）34. 祈使句，and / or +陈述句35. not … but…36. Word came that…37. The reason why / for… was / is that ...38. What impressed / struck us most was that…What matters (to sb.) is that…39. With the development / improvement / rise / increase / advance / help of …40. Contrary to one’s wish / expectation / what people (had) expected / thought41. cannot /never…too / can’t… enough --- 怎样也不过分----42. not necessarily 未必---43. take … into consideration / account例句分析分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组，也就是我们常说的key words。

最新电大《英语翻译基础》翻译句子复习整理英译汉A big reward will make the brave come forward重赏之下，必有勇夫。

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush,一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。

A little forethought would have saved you much trouble afterwards你如果事先略作盘算，后来也不至于有那么多的麻烦了。

A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。

A new kind of aircraft—small，cheap，pilotless—is attracting increasing attention。

一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。

A red sun rose slowly from the calm lake。

一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。

A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river。

一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。

A tiny staggerer came suddenly rocking into the yard.一个刚刚学步的小宝宝突然摇摇晃晃地走进院子After all preparations were made ，the planes were flown across he U.S to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。

All roads lead to Rome条条大路通罗马。

All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。

翻译理论复习翻译的定义：1. 罗曼•雅克布逊Roman Jakobson: translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language;2. 奈达（美国）Nida: translating consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.翻译的类型1、译原文作者为中心的翻译：author-centered translation以译文读者为中心的翻译：reader-centered translation；2、提出者：罗曼·雅克布逊roman jakobson：语内翻译intralingual translation、语际翻译interlingual translation、符际翻译intersemiotic translation翻译元素：翻译过程：translating译作A translation译者translator西方的一些观点：1、泰勒tytler:the translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work; the style and manner should be of the same character with that of the original; the translation should have all the ease of original composition.2.be faithful to its spirit ,sense, and style;3.语义翻译semantic translation：纽马克newmark（英国）4.交际翻译：communicative translation中国的翻译：1、佛经的翻译：Buddhist scripture，安世高，还有三支/2、佛教三大翻译家：南北朝时的真谛法师、唐代的玄奘法师、北朝的鸠摩罗什鸠摩罗什：金刚经玄奘：既需求真，又需喻俗（忠实，通顺）3、我国的翻译历史：2000年4、五四时期白话文代替文言文：During the May Fourth Movement period, modern vernacular Chinese replaced the Classical Chinese翻译的基本步骤：原文理解：comprehension of source text译文表达：expression of target text译文校对check-up of target text几个概念：原语：source language；译入语：target language德国的威尔斯wales前苏联：费道罗夫、科米萨罗夫陈宏薇：翻译是一种跨语言cross-linguistic、跨文化cross-cultural和跨社会cross-social的交际活动。

1Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.职业和工作对于获得幸福和满足起了很大的作用，我们大多数人对此却认识不足。

2There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.【译文】他们之间既有对抗，又有合作。

3 .Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not tomeasure the pleasure by the catch.【译文】他显然具备了垂钓者的首要品质，即以钓为乐，钓多钓少无所谓。

4.He always lives ahead of his salary.【译文】他总是不到发薪水的日子就把钱花完了。

或：他的薪水总是不够花。

5 .At first, they were being nice.【译文】起初人们只是出于一时的好心。

6 John Major faces severe social and economic problems as well astough debate over European integration, but his top priority will be to maintain the Tories‘long lease on 10 Downing Street.【译文】梅杰面临严重的社会和经济问题以及关于欧洲统一的艰苦辩论，但是他的当务之急将是维系保守党的长期执政。

7 John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years sincehe was a high school teacher in Washington. 【译文】约翰现在同父母一起住在纽约；他不在华盛顿当中学教师已有三年了。

1.Important Role of TranslationAs a means of communication,translation plays an important role in human civilization.A proper and skillful translation helps to promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds, whereas a misunderstanding or improper rendering of words or expressions may lead to confusion even disasters.2.Definition of TranslationThe Oxford English Dictionary:to turn from one language into another (从一种语言转换成另一种语言)Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language:to turn into one’s own or another language(转换成本族语或另一种语言) The general subject field or phenomenon.The product,the text that has been translated.The process of producing the translation,otherwise known as translating. 3.Nature of translationHow do you perceive translation?Some people believe it is a science,others take it as an art;and yet many consider it a craft,or rather,a skill.4.What is translation generally understood?Meetham&HudsonTranslation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.(1972)BellTranslation is the expression in another language(or target language)of what has been expressed in another,source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.(1991)5.Scope of TranslationTranslation covers a very broad range.1）In terms of languages,it can be divided into two categories:from native languages into foreign languages and vice versa;2)In terms of language symbols it can be divided into[Roman Jakobson]intralingual translation（语内翻译）：an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language；[it occurs when we produce summary or otherwise rewrite a text in the same language,say a childern’s version of an encyclopedia.It occurs when we rephrase an expression in the same language.]interlingual translation（语际翻译）：an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language；[it occurs between two different verbal sign systems that has been the tranditional focus of translation studies.] intersemiotic translation(符际翻译)：an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems.[it occurs when a written text is translated into a different mode,such as film or painting.]3)In terms of the mode,it can be divided into oral interpretation,written translation and machine translation;4)In terms of materials to be translated,there is translation of scientific materials, translation of literary works such as novels,stories,prose,poetry,drama,etc., translation of political essays such as treatises on social problems,reports,speeches, etc.,and translation of practical writing such as official documents,contracts and agreements,notices,receipts,etc.;6.History of TranslationIn the West,translation can be traced back to300BC,while in China,recorded translation activities are even earlier,dating from the Zhou Dynasty(1100BC). However,not until recent centuries,especially by the end of the19th century did systematic study of translation get underway.In the past decades translation theories and activities have developed fast both at home and abroad.The Major Stages of Translation in China1、Translation of Buddhist Scriptures2、Beginning Stage3、Development Stage4、Climax Stage7.Principles/Criteria of TranslationThe so-called principles and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same thing.The former lays emphasis on the translator,who should follow these principles while translating;while the latter on the reader or critic,who may use the criteria to evaluate translation works.由于人们看待翻译的角度不同，自然有了不同的翻译标准概括起来，它们大体可分为以下四类：1.以译出语或译入语为取向的翻译原则the source-language-oriented or the target-language-orientedtranslation principle2.以作者和读者为取向的翻译原则the author-and-reader-oriented translation principle3.以美学为取向的翻译原则the aesthetic-oriented translation principle4.以社会符号学为取向的原则the sociosemiotic-oriented translation principle中国的翻译原则Whenever Principles/Criteria of Translation are under discussion in China,Yan Fu’s “three-character guide”,which was first proposed in1898,would be mentioned.1.Yan Fu’s“three character guide”:faithfulness,expressiveness,and elegance(信、达、雅).The“three character guide”is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.2.Liu Zhongde:faithfulness,expressiveness and closeness(信、达、切);3.Fu Lei’s(傅雷)spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit（神似)Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit or the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。

1. He stole her a watch. 他给她偷了一块表.2.That girl student is in the green. 那个女生正值青春年少3.He tried to seem angry, but his smile betrayed him. 他装出生气的样子，可是笑容暴露了他的真实情感。

4.Science is a servant of mankind. 科学造福于人类。

5.In an odd way the two leaders diminished each other. 奇怪的是, 这两位领袖站在一起，都不如原来的形象那么伟大了6.Any literate person on the face of the globe is deprived if he does not know English.【译文】世界上任何有文化的人，如果不懂英语就算不上个真正的文化人。

7.She is forty, if she is a day. 【译文】她至少40岁了。

8. The housewife is not at home to visitors. 【译文】家庭主妇不接待客人.9.He pretends to be as modest as anything. 【译文】他装得极为谦虚。

10.We should find truth in the light of science. 【译文】根据科学，探求真理。

11.Beyond the light of the fire everything was swallowed up the blackness of darkness. 【译文】在火光照不到的地方，一切都被吞没在夜的黑暗之中。

12.It’s no legend. My father knew the two men involved.【译文】这可不是瞎说。

那两个与本案有关的人我父亲都认识。

1.Since we are through with the customs formalities, we feel rather released.我们办完了海关手续，感觉如释重负。

2.Repeated failures at making experiments may be too much for many talented would-bescientists.在实验过程中屡遭失败，对于许多有天赋的将要成为科学家的人来说可能是难以承受的。

3.Despite our efforts at quality-oriented education, many teachers and parents are stillkeen on marks.尽管我们努力推进素质教育,许多老师和家长还是热衷于分数。

4.Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by thetool.人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。

5.They build roads, houses, bridges, ships, pipelines, and canals.他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。

6.The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is theunit of voltage and that of current.电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。

7. A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。