Unit 8

Unit 8 Career and WorkPassage A Start-Ups Aren’t Cool AnymoreAt happy hours and class breaks, at the part-time MBA program I attend through the University of Texas at Austin, the conversation often drifts toward new business ideas. A mobile app to schedule text messages in the future. (Use case: Compose your best friend’s happy birthday text the day before.) A social network that doesn’t sell your personal information or display any ads. (Business model innovation: monthly subscription fee.) A winery in a surprisingly temperate, beautiful, and affordable region of central Oklahoma. A friend of mine was once so inspired by his own start-up concept that he pulled out his phone, checked the availability of his preferred URL, and registered the domain name on the spot.Similar scenes play out at lots of business schools. The majority of MBA students range in age from the mid-20s to the 30s; with all the discussion of start-ups and new businesses, it would seem that they’re living the Millennial dream of entrepreneurship.But it seems more often than not these days, the start-up ideas fail to take off.When I check on my peers’ start-up proposals after a few weeks, I often find that their ideas have been abandoned, and that my classmates are focused on their steady corporate jobs.Research suggests entrepreneurial activity has declined among Millennials.The share of people under 30 who own a business has fallen to almost a quarter-century low, according to a 2015 Wall Street Journal analysis of Federal Reserve data.A survey of 1,200 Millennials conducted in 2016 by the Economic Innovation Group found that more Millennials believed they could have a successful career by staying at one company and attempting to climb the ladder than by founding a new one. Two years ago, EIG’s president and co-founder, John Lettieri, testified before the U.S. Senate, “Millennials are on track to be the least entrepreneurial generation in recent history.”Some of the reasons have been well-documented. The romantic view of entrepreneurship involves angel investors and venture capital funds, but in fact,the ordinary entrepreneur is more likely to fund a start-up using personalsavings—something underemployed Millennials simply could not build as they entered the workforce during or in the immediate wake of the Great Recession.Funding from friends and family is the next most common source, but this personal network could not help much during the most recent economic downturn, when so much home equity was underwater. Student debt worsened the underlying economic problems. According to a report by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, between 2004 and 2014, the number of student borrowers rose by 89 percent.Lately, though, it seems that even those who might typically have access to other forms of funding, like venture capital, are having a hard time getting investors’ attention. As Matt Krisiloff, a former director at the Y Combinator start-up accelerator in Silicon Valley, tweeted, “Start-ups are a lot less cool than they used to be.” Michael Sadler, an economist at the University of Texas at Austin, is concerned about the rising concentration of start-up investment in just a few super-performing regions such as Austin, New York, and Silicon Valley. As with American politics, it appears the geography of U.S. venture capital and economic growth has become increasingly polarized.There’s more competition from abroad, too. Chinese venture capital and private-equity firms—and the entrepreneurs they invest in—are challenging America’s historic tech dominance. In the past, this kind of investing tended to involve American funders and American companies. But last year, Asian investors put nearly the same amount into tech start-ups as their U.S. counterparts, according to the Wall Street Journal, with most Chinese-led investments going into the country’s own firms.Of the top five global VC deals in 2017, three were Chinese companies: Didi (a ride-sharing app), Meituan-Dianping (an e-commerce platform), and Toutiao (a news feed reader).Meanwhile, in the United States,products and services are increasingly being created on top of existing platforms like Apple’s iOS or Google’s Android platform. While a mobile app can make for a decent side hustle to a regular corporate job, it won’t turn into the next Apple or Google, and American investors know that. The more attractive investments are in industries like health care, where there is stillopportunity to build a profitable platform. One of the biggest tech deals in the U.S. last year was Outcome Health, which installs video screens in doctors’ offices and charges pharmaceutical companies to display ads to patients. In a thread attached to his tweet about start-ups, Krisiloff, the former Y Combinator executive, added that the opportunities“to start compelling start-ups,” for college students without industry-specific knowledge, “has vastly shrunk.”While the Austrian American economist Joseph Schumpeter is best known for his 1942 paper describing his theory of “creative destruction,” the process of disrupting existing industries through business innovation or technological change, few people know about another prediction he made: He believed that innovation would gradually become an embedded process within large corporations. In many ways, Schumpeter predicted the internal innovation hubs of corporate giants like Amazon and SAP. With incumbents making innovation part of their established routines, he theorized, they would gradually squeeze out the traditional entrepreneur.Some of the people who are innovating from within companies like Apple—which in August became the first publicly traded company to surpass a market value of a trillion dollars—might be glad about this development, Sadler said. “They think, ‘I don’t have to start up my own company in the garage, or worry about whether I’m ever going to survive. It’s all there for me now.’” But there is plenty of cause for concern.An economy dominated by older incumbent firms may be less likely to achieve consistently strong rates of growth, according to a 2014 paper from the Brookings Institution. Lettieri also questions whether big companies—in a world with less pressure from start-ups—“have any reason to innovate due to competition.”When my classmates tell me about their start-up ideas, we sometimes also talk about what’s holding them back. Whether it’s student-loan payments, or the feeling of playing an impossible game of catch-up since the Great Recession, we often understand each other’s problems. Some entrepreneurs might argue that these shared generational experiences and the accompanying sense of solidarity will inspire Millennials to support one another’s business ventures. It’s a nice idea, but it’s not necessarily certain. Research into the personality traits of entrepreneurs shows that, asa lot, they trend toward optimism bias.。

unit8hunger /'hʌŋgə/ n.饿;饥饿homeless /həʊmləs/ adj.无家可归的cheer /tʃɪə/ v.使振奋;使高兴起来sign /saɪn/ n.标牌;招牌advertisement /æd'vɜ:taɪzmənt/ n.广告,公告;广告活动establish /ɪ'stæblɪʃ/ v.建立;建造;设立major /'meɪdʒə/ adj.主要的;重大的commitment /kə'mɪtmənt/ n.奉献;献身elementary /elɪ'mentərɪ/ adj.基础的;初级的：小学的veterinarian /vetərɪ'neərɪən/ n.兽医coach /kəʊtʃ/ v.训练;指导fix /fɪks/ v.修理repair /rɪ'peə/ v.修理;修补similar /'sɪmɪlə/ adj.相似的;相仿的strategy /'strætɪdʒɪ/ n.方法;策略website /Websait/ n. （互联网的）站点disabled /dɪs'eɪbəld/ adj.肢体有伤残的organization /ɔ:gənaɪ'zeɪʃən/ n.组织;机构;系统unit8hunger /'hʌŋgə/ n.饿;饥饿homeless /həʊmləs/ adj.无家可归的cheer /tʃɪə/ v.使振奋;使高兴起来sign /saɪn/ n.标牌;招牌advertisement /æd'vɜ:taɪzmənt/ n.广告,公告;广告活动establish /ɪ'stæblɪʃ/ v.建立;建造;设立major /'meɪdʒə/ adj.主要的;重大的commitment /kə'mɪtmənt/ n.奉献;献身elementary /elɪ'mentərɪ/ adj.基础的;初级的：小学的veterinarian /vetərɪ'neərɪən/ n.兽医coach /kəʊtʃ/ v.训练;指导fix /fɪks/ v.修理repair /rɪ'peə/ v.修理;修补similar /'sɪmɪlə/ adj.相似的;相仿的strategy /'strætɪdʒɪ/ n.方法;策略website /Websait/ n. （互联网的）站点disabled /dɪs'eɪbəld/ adj.肢体有伤残的organization /ɔ:gənaɪ'zeɪʃən/ n.组织;机构;系统fill / fɪl / v. 装满；填满pleasure /'pleʒə/ n.愉快;快乐;高兴blind /blaɪnd/ adj.盲的deaf /def/ adj.聋的unable /'ʌn'eɪbl/ adj.不能的,不会的shut /ʃʌt/ v.关上carry /'kærɪ/ v.搬运;携带specially /'speʃəlɪ/ adj.特意地;专门的fetch /fetʃ/ v.取来,接来,support /sə'pɔ:t/ v.支持;帮助appreciate /ə'pri:ʃɪeɪt/ v.感激,欣赏donation /dəʊ'neɪʃən/ n.捐赠物;捐款donate /dəʊ'neɪt/ vt.损赠;赠送pronoun /'prəʊnaʊn/ n.代词adverb /'ædvɜ:b/ n.副词preposition /'prepə'zɪʃən/ n.介词conjunction /kən'dʒʌŋkʃən/ n.联合,连接,接合;连接词Jimmy /'dʒɪmɪ/ 吉米(男子名)Sally /'sælɪ/ 萨莉(女子名)fill / fɪl / v. 装满；填满pleasure /'pleʒə/ n.愉快;快乐;高兴blind /blaɪnd/ adj.盲的deaf /def/ adj.聋的unable /'ʌn'eɪbl/ adj.不能的,不会的shut /ʃʌt/ v.关上carry /'kærɪ/ v.搬运;携带specially /'speʃəlɪ/ adj.特意地;专门的fetch /fetʃ/ v.取来,接来,support /sə'pɔ:t/ v.支持;帮助appreciate /ə'pri:ʃɪeɪt/ v.感激,欣赏donation /dəʊ'neɪʃən/ n.捐赠物;捐款donate /dəʊ'neɪt/ vt.损赠;赠送pronoun /'prəʊnaʊn/ n.代词adverb /'ædvɜ:b/ n.副词preposition /'prepə'zɪʃən/ n.介词conjunction /kən'dʒʌŋkʃən/ n.联合,连接,接合;连接词Jimmy /'dʒɪmɪ/ 吉米(男子名)Sally /'sælɪ/ 萨莉(女子名)。

人教版八年级英语上册Unit8知识点讲解How do you make a banana milk shake?Section A page 571. turn on 打开（电器、龙头等）; turn off 关; turn up 调大音量; turn down 调小音量题：① The music is too loud, please the recorder.② We should the lights when we leave the classroom.2. cut up 切碎（代词只能放中间）You have to cut it up.3. pour A into B 把A倒入B中题：Factories waste water the rivers.【拓展】pour 还可以表“下大雨”的意思：It’s pouring outside now.4. put A in B 把A放在B里（静态）；put A into B 把A放入B 里（动态）Put the beef, carrots and potatoes in the blender.【拓展】put… on… 把…放到…上面She put the book on the desk.5. make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某事（用法同buy）She made us coffee. = She made coffee for us.Section A page 581. add A to B 把A添加到B上Please add some salt to the soup.2. 描述做事步骤的词有：First（首先）,….Next（紧接着）,…Then（然后）, ….Finally（最后）,…（next和then位置可互换）3. after that 在那之后。

4. How many 多少（接可数名词复数形式）；How much 多少（接不可数名词），how much 除了问数量，还可以问价钱。

⼋年级上册英语Unit8词组总结 英语短语词组的学习是积累写作素材以及阅读的⽅法，下⾯是⼩编给⼤家带来的⼈教版⼋年级上册英语Unit8词组总结，希望能够帮助到⼤家!3 ⼈教版⼋年级上册英语Unit8词组总结 Unit 8 A 1b—2b 1. turn on sth. 打开... 2. cut up sth. (cut 代 up) 切碎某物 3. pour A into B 把 A 到⼊B 中 4. put A in/on B 把A放到B ⾥/上 5. How much + 不可数名词多少..... 6. How many + 可数名词 多少 ....... 7. a cup of ... ⼀杯..... 8. two cups of... 两杯..... 9. one spoon of... ⼀勺..... 10. three spoons of ... 三勺.... 11. Russian soup 罗素汤 12. .add A (to B) 把A添加到B中 13. After that, ... 在那之后 14. cook...for +段时间 烹饪...(时间) 15. One more thing, ...还有⼀件事 16. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 17. put A into B 把A放到B⾥ 18. take out ... from ... A 2d 1. add ... to ... 添加……到…… 2. Russian soup 罗宋汤 3. another 10 minutes另外10分钟 4. What’s next? 下⼀步是什么? 5. That’s it? 这就完了吗? 6. one more thing 还有⼀件事 7. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 8. add some salt加⼀些咸盐 B 1b/1e 1. a piece of bread ⼀⽚⾯包 2. How much butter? 多少黄油? 3. cheese sandwich 奶酪三明治 4. put ... on ... 把......放在......上 5. How many tomatoes? 多少西红柿? 6. cut up an onion 切⼀个洋葱 7. How much cheese? 8. put...on top 把......放在顶端 B 2b /3a 1. in most countries 在⼤多数国家 2. on special holidays 在特殊的节假⽇ 3. give thanks for sth. 因为某事表⽰感谢 4. in the autumn 在秋季 5. at this time 此时 6. about 400 years ago 约400年以前 7. many of them 他们中的很多(⼈) 8. in the next autumn 在接下来的秋天 9. in their new home 在他们的新家 10. at home 在家 11. the idea of giving thanks. 感恩的思想 13. by doing sth. 通过做某事 14. have a big meal with sb. 和某⼈吃⼤餐 15. the main dish of this meal 这餐的主菜 16. turkey dinner ⽕鸡宴 17. one way to do sth. 做某事的⼀个⽅法 18. a way of doing sth. 做某事的⼀个⽅法 19. mix sth. together 把....搅拌⼀起 20. fill A with B ⽤A填满B 21. put sth.in a hot oven 把某物放进⼀个热烤箱⾥ 22. place A on B 把A放置B上⾯ 23. a large plate ⼀个⼤盘⼦ 24. cover A with B ⽤B盖上A 25. cut sth. into thin pieces 把某物切成薄⽚ 26. eat sth. with sth. 就着某物吃某物 27. serve sth. to sb. 向某⼈服务... 28. cook sth. at a high temperature 以⼀个⾼的温度加热/烹饪 29. put sth. together in B 30. rice noodles ⽶线 31. make the chicken very hot 32. It’s time (for sb. ) to do 对于某⼈来说是做某事的时候了。

以下是一份八年级上册英语Unit 8的笔记范例，供您参考：Unit 8 Playing SportsTopic 1 I will be a volleyball player.Section A1. 词汇学习：学习并掌握与运动相关的词汇，如volleyball（排球）、football（足球）、basketball（篮球）等。

2. 句型练习：通过听力和阅读练习，掌握表达自己喜欢或擅长的运动的句型，如“I like playing volleyball.”和“I am good at playing basketball.”等。

Section B1. 听力训练：通过听力练习，提高捕捉关键信息的听力技巧，例如根据对话内容判断对话者的身份、运动爱好等。

2. 口语练习：通过角色扮演等口语活动，练习表达自己在运动方面的兴趣、经验和目标，如“I want to be a professional volleyball player.”等。

Topic 2 They will watch the basketball game at the school gym.Section A1. 学习目标：学习并掌握表示体育赛事和体育场馆的相关词汇，如game（比赛）、match（比赛）、gym（体育馆）等。

2. 句型练习：通过听力和阅读练习，掌握表达自己计划或意愿的句型，如“I will watch the basketball game at the school gym.”等。

Section B1. 听力训练：通过听力练习，提高对将来时态的理解和掌握，例如根据听力材料判断某人未来的计划或安排。

2. 口语练习：通过角色扮演等口语活动，练习表达自己对某项体育赛事的看法和感受，如“I am excited to watch the basketball game at the school gym.”等。

UNIT 8BC（=beforeChrist）公元前Athens n.雅典（希腊首都）stand for 代表；代替；象征；支持continent n.大陆；陆地because of 因为；由于well－known 众所周知的；有名的；清楚明白athlete n.运动员；运动选手gold adj.金的；金制的n.黄金；金币medal n.奖章；勋章；纪念章torch n.火炬LosAngeles 洛杉矾（美国城市)badminton n.羽毛球（运动）speed skating 速滑track andf ield 田径Los Angeles Lakers 洛杉矾湖人队（NBA球队）Miami Heat 迈阿密热火队（NBA球队）Manchester United 曼彻斯特联队（英国足球队）tie vt.与……打成平局；系；扎Leeds 利兹（英国城市）；利兹联队final adj.最终的；最后的dive vi.潜水shooting n.射击weightlifting n.举重wouldrather 宁愿；宁可take part 参加Greece n.希腊wrestling n.摔跤AD(=AnnoDoimni）公元competitor n.竞争者，对手；比赛者motto n.座右铭；格言；题词further adv.（在时间或空间上）距离更大地，更远地Carl·Lewis 卡尔·刘易斯（美国运动员）rank vi.分等级；排名gymnastics n.体操venue n.比赛地点；体育比赛场馆prepare vt.准备；预备preparation n.准备；预备in preparation for 为……准备effect n.结果；后果flame n.火焰compete vi.竞争；比赛flag n.旗；标记profile n.简介；（个性及生平的）简要描述weight n.重力；重量position n.位置；职位Houston Rockets 休斯顿火箭队（NBA球队）superstar n.超级明星point n.得分；点；尖端skill n.技能；技巧；熟练；巧妙weigh vi.重（若干）vt.称（……·重量）professional adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员；职业运动员title n.题目；标题；称号；头衔gesture n.手势；姿态facial adj.面部的。

⼈教版⼋年级英语下册unit8单元知识点归纳总结Unit 8 知识点总结Section A1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你读过《⼩妇⼈》这本书吗？【解析】现在完成时现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词现在完成时的主要⽤法1.表⽰过去发⽣的某⼀动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连⽤。

.I have finished my homework. I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)2.表⽰过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + ⼀段时间，so far 等时间状语连⽤。

I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。

(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个⼩时(半个⼩时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)already/ yet的区别：a）already 往往⽤于肯定句，⽤在疑问句时表⽰强调或加强语⽓；yet ⽤于否定句和疑问句。

He has already left here. 他已经离开这⾥了。

My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的⽼师们还没有吃早饭。

Have you written to your parents yet?【成都】45. —Jack, let’s go to see the movie Harry Potter.—Oh, I ______ it many times. So I don’t want to see it.A. have seenB. seeC. will see【⼴】33. —Why don’t you go to the movie with me, Betty?—Because I ______ it before.A. sawB. have seenC. see某⼈怎么样？What’s +⼈+like? ⽤来提问⼈的性格What do / does +⼈+ look like?⽤来提问⼈的外表。

八年级下册Unit8英语知识点1、island 岛on the island 在岛上an island 一个岛屿2、full of 满是……的，充满……，装满……。

（1）后边常常接名词，full of 与后边的名词一起构成后置定语，修饰前边的名词。

full of 相当于filled with例句：the basket full of apples. the cup full of water .（2）f ull of 前边也可以与be动词连用，在句中做谓语。

be full of相当于be filled with.例句：The classroom is full of students.= The classroom is filled with studentsThe box is full of apples.= The box is filled with apples.3、already与yet（1）already “已经”常用于现在完成时的肯定句中，常放在have/has之后、过去分词之前或句末。

例句：They have finished their homework already .The train has left already .（2）yet “已经”用于现在完成时的疑问句中。

例句：Have you eaten yet ? Have they read this book yet ?（3）y et “还”“尚”用于现在完成时的否定句中。

例句：He hasn’t done his homework yet .The train hasn’t arrived yet .（4）not yet 还没有常用于回答现在完成时的一般疑问句。

例句：Have you eaten yet ? Not yet.4、英语中，疑问词what/how/which/where/who/when 后边出现动词时，往往用“疑问词+ to do sth ”结构，此结构在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语.例句：I can’t decide when to start . please tell me what to do next .He doesn’t know where to live . Do you know which to buy ?5、finish doing sth 做完某事例句：Did you finish watching TV ? I have finished cleaning the room .6、put down 放下down是副词，接代词时，代词要放在中间。

人教版英语八下Unit8单词知识梳理、词汇句式精讲Unit8 Have you ever read Treasure Island yet?Unit 8单词（音标）treasure [ˈtreʒə] n. 财宝，财富island [ˈaɪlənd] n. 岛屿full of 满是…的，(有)丰富的classic [ˈklæsɪk] n. 经典著作，名著page [peɪdʒ] n. (书或纸张的)页，面，张hurry ['hʌrɪ] v. 匆忙，赶快hurry up 赶快，急忙(做某事)due [dju:] adj. 预期的，到期的ship [ʃɪp] n. 船tool [tu:l] n. 工具gun [ɡʌn] n. 炮，枪mark [mɑ:k] n. & v. 分数，记号;作标记sand [sænd] n. 沙滩，沙cannibal [ˈkænɪbl] 食人肉者;同类相残的，凶残的towards [təˈwɔ:dz] prep. 向着，朝着，对于,关于land [lænd] n. & v. 陆地，大地，国土;着陆fiction [ˈfɪkʃn] n. 小说，虚构，编造science fiction 科幻小说technology [tekˈnɒlədʒɪ] n. 科技，工艺French [frentʃ] n.& adj. 法语，法国人(的)pop [pɒp] n. 流行音乐rock [rɑk] n. 岩石，摇滚乐band [bænd] n. 乐队country music 乡村音乐forever [fərˈevə(r)] adv. 永远abroad [əˈbrɔ:d] adv. 在国外，到国外actually [ˈæktʃʊəli] adv. 真实地,实际上,说实在的ever since 自从fan [fʌn] n. 乐趣southern [ˈsʌðən] adj. 南方的modern [ˈmɔdən] adj. 现代的，现代化的success [sək'ses] n. 成功belong [biˈlɔŋ] v. 属于one another 互相laughter [ˈlɑ:ftə(r)] n. 笑，笑声beauty [ˈbju:ti] n. 美丽，美好的事物million [ˈmiljən] num. 百万record ['rekɔ:d] n. & v. 记录，唱片;录制，录音introduce [ˌɪntrəˈdju:s] v. 介绍，传入，引进line [lain] n. 排，队，列Alex 亚历克斯Garth Brooks 加斯.布鲁克斯the Beatles 披头四乐队Treasure Island 《金银岛》Alice in Wonderland《爱丽丝梦游仙境》Little Women 《小妇人》Oliver Twist 奥利佛.崔斯特Robinson Grusoe 鲁滨逊.克鲁索Tom Sawyer 汤姆.索亚Harry Potter 哈利.波特Nashville 纳什维尔（美国田纳西州府）Tennessee 美国田纳西州Country Music Hall of Fame Musuem 乡村音乐名人堂Unit8 知识梳理【重点词组】1.on page 25 在第25页2. the back of the book 书的背面3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙. in two weeks 在两周之内5. go out to sea 出海6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿7. w rite about 写作关于……的内容8. finish doing sth. 做完某事9. w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事11. grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前13. the marks of another man’s feet 另一个人的脚印14. not long after that 不久之后15. run towards sp. 跑向某地16. use...to do sth. 用……来做某事17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记18. read the newspaper 看报19. science fiction 科幻小说20. can’t w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法22. number of people 人数23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事24. study abroad 在国外学习25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事26. come to realize 开始意识到27. ever since then 自从那时起28. the southern states of America 美国的南部地区29. belong to 属于30. be kind to each other 善待彼此31. trust one another 互相信任32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美33. have been to sp. 去过某地34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行38. enjoy success in享受……的成功39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候【重点句型】1.—Have you read little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗? —Yes,I have. /No,I haven't. 是的，我读过。

九年级Unit 8知识点1.中考之情态动词（1）情态动词① must必须-- mustn't禁止②need必须—needn't不必③ can能——can’t不能过去式：could --couldn't 同义词：be able to --be not able to④may可能——may not不可能⑤ had better do sth最好干某事——had better not do sth最好不干某事⑥shall与I或we连用⑦should应该—shouldn't不应该⑧ will将要——won't将不能过去式would将要——wouldn't将不会⑨ might可能——might not不可能⑩ have to不得不⑪ maybe=perhaps可能（用于句首，副词）may be可能是（用于句中，充当谓语）(2) 考向—（不同时态的推测）①情态动词+动词原形（表示对现在的推测）例1：Something must be wrong with my bike我的自行车一定是出了毛病了例2：At first, I thought that it might be a dog but I couldn’t see a dog or anything else, either 起初，我认为它可能是一只狗。

但我没看到狗，也没看到其他任何东西。

②情态动词+be +doing（表示对现在正发生的事的推测）例3；He might be having breakfast at home他可能正在家吃早饭。

③情态动词+have +done（表示对过去已经完成的事情的推测）例4：I must have put my keys somewhere in the bedroom我一定是把钥匙放在卧室某个地方了例5：I think somebody must have picked it up 我想一定有人已经捡到它了（注意：pick up捡到、拾起）例6：We do know they must have been hard- working ---and great planners.我们的确知道他们定很勤奋---而且是伟大的规划者(3)考向二：There +情态动词+be①There+情动+be+主语+doing有某人正干某事例1：It's noisy, there must be some dogs barking 太吵了，一定有些狗在叫。

Unit8Have you read Treasure Island yet?一、短语归纳1.be full of充满2.grow up长大3.hurry up赶快4.bring back to sw.带回到某地5.more than超过6.in the middle of在....中间7.fight over为....争吵；争斗8.think about考虑e to realize开始意识到10.ever since then从那时起11.a kind of一种12.such as例如13.belong to属于14.find out找出；查出15.at the end of the day在一天结束的时候16.be famous for因为...而出名17.leave behind遗忘；留下18.the importance of money and success金钱和成功的重要性二、用法归纳1.finish doing sth.完成做某事2.arrive at/in sw.到达某地3.learn to do sth.学习做某事4.see sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 sb.sth.给某人取名为.......6.teach sb.sth.教某人某事e sth.to do用某物做某事8.love to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事9.can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事10.be kind to sb.对某人友好11.hope to do sth.希望做某事12.have time to do sth.有时间做某事13.have nothing to do没什么事情可做三、词句精讲1、Have you read Little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》这本书吗？现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词。

Unit 8知识点整理一、单词听写1.n. 卡车；货车2.n. 兔；野兔3. adj. & pron. 谁的；（特指）那个人的4. v. 出席；参加5. v adj. 很有用的；宝贵的6. adj. 粉红色的n. 粉红色7. n. 野餐8. pron. 某人；重要人物9. pron. 任何人10. n. 声音；噪音11.n. 男警察12. n. 狼X|k 13. n. 实验室14. n. 外套；外衣15. adj. 困倦的；瞌睡的16. n. 衣袋；口袋17. n. 外星人18. n. 西服；套装19. v. 表示；表达20.(短语）不但⋯⋯而且21.n. 圆圈v. 圈出22. 大不列颠23. v. 接受；收到24. n. 领导；领袖25. n.仲夏；中夏26.adj. 医疗的；医学的27. v. 阻止；阻挠28. n. 精力；力量29.n. 位置；地方30．n. 埋葬；安葬31. 尊重；表示敬意n. 荣幸32. n. 祖宗；祖33.n. 胜利；成功34. n. 敌人；仇人35. n. 一段时间；时期36. n. 奥秘；神秘事物二、按要求写单词:1.policeman(pl)2.wolf(pl)boratory(abbr)4.easy (反）5.sleep(adj)6.express(n)7.receive (同义）8.lead(n)9.summer(n) 三、英汉互译：1.run after2.at the same time3.one’s own4.by accident5.belong to6.at the picnic7.go to a picnic8.pick up9.attend a concert 10.can’t be 11.must be 12.the rest of13.must have done sth 14.run away 15.be sure 16.奇怪的某事17.消失18.医学用途19.赶上车20.淋浴21.多余22.到达23.指出24.上升25，开始干26.a lot 27. Have no idea 28.there must be 29.in the sky 30. 穿西装四、固定句型（翻译并造句）1、not only ...but also ：Eg：2、have fun doing sh Eg：3、hear sb doing sth Eg：五、语法：（一）情态动词表推测（must，might，could，及can’t )1.不同时态用法：1）一般现在时：情态动词+动词原形+ 某事：表示对现在事情的推测2）现在进行时：情态动词+be+动词现在分词+ 某事表示对正在发生的事情的推测。

Unit 8知识点聚焦Lesson 43: Let’s Clean Up!重点知识整理一、短语：1.draw /catch one’s attention引起......的注意draw /catch one’s attention to引起......的注意到.....pay attention to 对.....注意/留心2.pick up捡起，拾起（代词放中间）；（顺便用车）来接，不经意间学会3.clean up清理，打扫4.a bit of 一点儿，一些（修饰不可数名词）5. finish doing 做完某事6.explain…to…向某人解释.....7.agree to do sth.同意做某事agree with sb.同意某人8.It takes/took sb. time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事9.in the schoolyard在校园里10. a type of pollution 一种污染11.begin to do sth.开始做某事12.look at+宾语看......13.remind sb.to do sth.=remind sb.of doing sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起某事14. be organnized by.....由....组织Lesson 44 Environment Clubs重点知识整理一、短语：1.丢掉，扔掉throw away throw them/it away2.加入环境俱乐部join environment clubs3.看见某人正在做某事see sb doing sth看见某人做某事（看见全过程)see sb do sth4.减少到.....reduce to 减少了......reduce by5.保护...免受....的伤害protect ....from doing sth6.无垃圾的午餐No-garbage lunches 在无车日on a no-car day7.鼓励某人做某事encourage sb to do sth8.做....的好方法it；It’s a good way to do sth9.关闭，闭合shut down 闭嘴shut up10.浪费时间做某事waste time （in）doing sth 11 一张...的清单a list of 12.turn off关掉turn on打开13. neither ....nor...... 既不....也不....Lesson 45Let’s Sort Garbage 知识点一、短语：What….do with….?如何处理…= How….deal with….?too much太多…（+不可数n) the least/most amount of数量最少/多的….a great amount of….许多…（+不可数n.)be broken坏了；不工作了use….to do…..使用…做…be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事used to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事It’s dangerous to do sth.做…很危险leave sth. on sw.把某物留在某地a piece of…. 一张…；一片…throw away把…扔掉2. too much + 不可数名词too many + 可数名词复数much too + 形容词一语辨析：He is much too fat, because he eats too much fat and too many kinds of fried food. 他太胖了，因为他吃太多的肥肉和多种油炸食品。

Unit EightSection AWhat is Science 参考译文什么是科学？乔治·奥威[1]上个星期的《论坛报》上，有一封约·斯图尔特·库克先生的有意思的来信，在信中他提出避免“科学等级制”的危险的最好方法是保证大众的每一成员都尽可能地得到科学教育。

同时，应当促使科学家们摆脱与世隔离的状态，并且鼓他们更多地参与政治和管理。

[2]作为泛论，我想我们中大多数人会同意这个说法。

不过，我注意到库克先生和通常一样，并没有对科学下一个定义，而只是顺便提到那指的是某些可以在实验室中进行实验的精确科学，那么，说成人教育有“忽视科学研究，偏重文学、经济和社会学科”的倾向，显然是指经济学和社会学不屈于科学的分支。

这一点非常重要。

因为目前“科学”一词至少有两重意思，而科学教育的整个问题被目前取此舍彼的趋向弄含混了。

[3]科学一般被定义为；甲，精确科学，如化学、物理等等；乙，一种通过逻辑推理从观察到的事实得出可验证的结论的思维方式。

[4]你去问任何一个科学家、或是几乎任何一个受过教育的人：“什么是科学?”你很可能得到一个与乙相近的答案。

而在日常生活中，无论在口头或书面，人们所说的科学指的都是甲：科学是发生在实验室里的事。

这个字眼叫人想起图表、试管、天平、本生灯、显微镜。

生物学家、天文学家、也许还有心理学家或数学家都可以说是“科学工作者”，但没有人会想到把这个称呼用在政治家、诗人、报人乃至于哲学家身上。

有人告诉我们说年轻人必须得到科学方面的教育，但他们不外乎是说年轻人应该多知道一点辐射、恒星或是人体的生理机能，而并非指应该教年轻入学会更严密地思考。

[5]这种意义上的含混，部分是出于故意，其中包含着极大的危险。

加强科学教育的呼吁暗示了一种信念，即如果得到了科学的训练，人们对于所有学科的认识会比没有经过这种训练时要来得明智。

据称一个科学家的政治观点，对社会问题、道德、哲学、甚至对艺术的看法，都要比一个科盲来得高明。

人教版九年级英语unit8人教版九年级英语unit8知识1单词whose / hu:z / adj. & pron. 谁的truck / tr?k / n. 卡车;货车picnic / 'p?kn?k / n. 野餐rabbit / 'r?b?t / n. 兔;野兔attend / ?'tend / v. 出席;参加valuable / ?v?lju?bl / adj. 贵重的;很有用的;宝贵的pink / p??k / adj. 粉红色的n. 粉红色anybody / ?enib?di / pron. 任何人happening // n.事件;发生的事情(常指不寻常的)noise / n??z / n. 声音;噪音policeman / p??li:sm?n / n.(pl.policemen) 男警察wolf / w?lf / n. 狼uneasy / ?n'i:z? / adj.担心的;不安的laboratory / l?'b?r?tr? / n. 实验室outdoors / ?a?t?d?:z / adv.在户外;在野外coat / k??t / n. 外套;外衣sleepy / 'sli:p? / adj. 困倦的;瞌睡的land / l?nd / v.着陆;降落alien / 'e?l??n / n. 外星人run after 追逐;追赶suit / su:t / n. 西服;套装 v.适合express / ?k'spres / v. 表示;表达at the same time 同时;一起circle / 's?:kl / n. 圆圈 v. 圈出Britain / ?br?tn / n. (= Great Britain) 大不列颠mystery / ?m?stri / n. 奥秘;神秘事物receive / r?'si:v / v. 接受;收到historian / h??st?:ri?n / n.历史学家;史学工leader / 'li:d?(r) / n. 领导;领袖midsummer / ?m?d's?m?(r) / n.仲夏;中夏medical / ?med?kl / adj. 医疗的;医学的purpose / 'p?:p?s / n.目的;目标prevent / pr?'vent / v. 阻止;阻挠energy / 'en?d?? / n. 精力;力量position / p??z??n / n. 位置;地方burial / 'ber??l / n. 埋葬;安葬honor / '?n?(r) / (= honour) v. 尊重;表示敬意 n. 荣幸;荣誉ancestor / '?nsest?(r) / n. 祖宗;祖先victory / 'v?kt?r? / n. 胜利;成功enemy / ?en?mi / n. 敌人;仇人period / ?p??ri?d / n. 一段时间;时期hard-working / hɑ:d 'w?:k?? / adj.工作努力的;辛勤的Stonehenge 巨石阵人教版九年级英语unit8知识2知识梳理【重点短语】1. belong to… 属于…...2. toy truck 玩具卡车3. her favorite writer 她最喜爱的作家4. the only little lid唯一的小孩5. listen to pop music听流行音乐6. hair band 发带7. attend a concert 参加音乐会8. in the music hall 在音乐大厅9. something valuable 贵重的东西10.go to a picnic=go for a picnic去野餐11. at the picnic在野餐时12. the rest of my friends 我其余的朋友13. pick it up 捡起，拾起14. each other=one another 互相，彼此15. nothing much没什么(事)16. something unusual不寻常的东西17. something strange奇怪的事18. anything else其它的东西19. be interviewed by… 被…采访20. strange noises 奇怪的声音21. outside our window在我们的窗外22. next-door neighbor隔壁邻居23. at first 首先，起初24. run away 逃走25. feel uneasy 感到不安26. have no idea=don’t know 不知道27. go away 走开，离开28. noise-maker 噪音的制造者29. have fun doing sth.做某事开心30. create fear制造恐惧【重点句型】1. If you have any idea where it might be， pleasecall me.如果你知道它可能在哪，请打电话给我。