Enhanced low energy fusion rate in palladium (Pd) due to vibrational deuteron dipole-dipole

峰值系数英文The Importance of Peak Factor in Electrical SystemsElectrical systems are designed to efficiently transmit and distribute power to various loads, ensuring a reliable and consistent supply of electricity. One critical parameter in the design and analysis of these systems is the peak factor, which plays a crucial role in determining the system's performance and capacity. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of the peak factor, its implications, and its importance in the context of electrical systems.The peak factor, also known as the crest factor, is a measure of the ratio between the peak value and the root-mean-square (RMS) value of an electrical signal or waveform. It is a dimensionless quantity that provides insight into the shape and characteristics of the waveform. In an ideal scenario, where the waveform is a perfect sine wave, the peak factor is equal to the square root of 2, or approximately 1.414. However, in real-world electrical systems, the waveforms often deviate from the ideal sine wave due to various factors, such as harmonics, distortion, and transient events.The importance of the peak factor lies in its impact on the designand operation of electrical systems. Firstly, it affects the sizing and rating of electrical components, such as transformers, generators, and conductors. These components must be capable of handling the peak values of the electrical signals, which can be significantly higher than the RMS values. Underestimating the peak factor can lead to the selection of components that are not adequately sized, resulting in overloading, reduced efficiency, and potential equipment failures.Secondly, the peak factor influences the power quality and energy efficiency of the electrical system. A high peak factor can indicate the presence of harmonics or other distortions in the waveform, which can have detrimental effects on the performance of sensitive electronic equipment and cause increased power losses in the system. These power quality issues can lead to increased energy consumption, reduced system efficiency, and potential damage to connected devices.Furthermore, the peak factor is crucial in the design and operation of power electronic converters, such as those used in renewable energy systems, motor drives, and power supplies. These converters rely on the accurate control and management of electrical waveforms, and the peak factor plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate sizing and ratings of the power electronic components.In the context of electrical power transmission and distribution, thepeak factor also impacts the design and operation of the grid infrastructure. Transformers, transmission lines, and other grid components must be designed to accommodate the peak values of the electrical signals, ensuring the safe and reliable delivery of power to consumers. Underestimating the peak factor can result in increased system losses, reduced capacity, and potential overloading of the grid components.To address the challenges posed by the peak factor, electrical engineers and system designers employ various techniques and strategies. These include the use of power factor correction devices, harmonic filters, and advanced control algorithms to mitigate the effects of waveform distortions and maintain a low peak factor. Additionally, the monitoring and analysis of the peak factor in electrical systems can provide valuable insights into the system's performance, allowing for proactive maintenance and optimization.In conclusion, the peak factor is a critical parameter in the design, analysis, and operation of electrical systems. It directly impacts the sizing, rating, and performance of electrical components, as well as the overall power quality and energy efficiency of the system. Understanding and effectively managing the peak factor is essential for ensuring the reliable, safe, and efficient operation of electrical systems in a wide range of applications, from industrial facilities to smart grids and renewable energy systems.。

专用名词搜集LC：液晶（Liquid Crystal）LCD：液晶显示器（Liquid Crystal Display）FPD：平板显示器（Flat Panel Display）PDP：等离子体显示板（Plasma Display Panel）CRT：阴极射线管（Cathode ray tube)LED：发光二极管(Light emitting diode)VFD：真空荧光管(Vacuum fluorescent)FED：场致发射显示（Field emission Display)AM：有源矩阵（Active Matrix）AMLCD：LCD（Active matrix liquid crystal Display）PMLCD：无源矩阵LCD（Passive Matrix Liquid Crystal Display）Ch-LCD：双稳态液晶显示器（Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display）FLCD：铁电液晶显示器（Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display）OLED：有机发光显示器(Organic Luminescent Displays )OLED、PLED；PMOLED、AMOLEDLEP：光发射聚合体()Pictiva pLEDMEM：微机电（Micro-electromechanical）CS：胶体悬浮体（Colloidal suspension）CCD: 电荷耦合器件（Charge Coupled Device）EL: 电致发光效应（Electroluminescence）PPDS：点至点差分信令(Point-to-point Differential Signaling)RSDS：减小摆幅差分信号（Reduced Swing Differential Signaling）LVDS：低电压差动讯号（Low Voltage Differential Signaling）TFT：薄膜晶体管（Thin Film Transistor）DS：动态散射（Dynamic Scattering）DSM：动态散射模式（Dynamic Scattering Mode）GH：宾-主（Guest-Host）EMI：电磁干扰（Electro Magnetic Interference）TDDI: 减小数据变换（TDDI）TN：扭曲向列（Twisted Nematic）CGA：Color Graphics AdapterEGA: Enhanced Graphics AdapterVGA:Video Graphics ArraySVGA:Super VGAXGA:eXtended Graphics ArraySPARC：Engineering Work StationSXGA:Super XGAUXGA：Ultra XGAHDTV：High Definition TVQXGA：Quadrable XGA16SVGA：？？VCD：DVD：PDA：GPS：Global Positioning SystemCVD: 化学汽相沉积(chemical vapor deposition)APCVD (Atmospheric Pressure CVD)LPCVD (Low Pressure CVD)PECVD (Plasma Enhanced CVD)ACLS(Automatic Cassette Load Station)真空机器手(Vacuum Robot):PCW (Process Cooling WaterCDA (Clean Dry Air)GN2(General N2DI (De_Ionized WaterA / S (alignment scope)ARC (Accurate Distortion Compensation Unit)PS（Photo Spacer)C/F：彩膜（Color Filter）ESC : Electrostatic ChuckP-Si：多晶硅(Poly-Si),a-Si：单晶硅（）NS：美国国家半导体公司(National Semiconductor)DCC：陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical Company)OSRAM Opto SemiconductorsCISPR（国际无线电公害特别委员会）1.ACCESS FLOOR:铺在生产线地面的地面材料，高清净度的部分都是有孔的，低清净度的地方是有孔和无孔交叉构成的.（表面涂敷了导电性物质）2.LCD:Liquid Crystal Display3.TFT:Thin Film Transistor4.CLASS:表示生产线清净度的用语5.BARE GLASS:玻璃表面化学性处理非常不好的普通玻璃.6.ITO GLASS:清洗完BARE GLASS后，在玻璃的一面淀积一层400À的ITO的玻璃.7.DUMMY GLASS:不是量产玻璃，但为了进行量产使用的BARE, ITO GLASS的总称.8.LOT END GLASS:清洗完BARE玻璃之后，在玻璃的一面淀积一层1000À的MOB的玻璃.9.ARRAY GLASS:经过很多种工艺，在BARE玻璃表面形成PATTERN及TFT器件的玻璃.10.COLOR FILTER:显示出LCD产品的颜色，带有R (Red),G (Green), B(Blue)3种着色层的玻璃.11.SHEET(SH):表示1张玻璃的单位.12.PANEL(CELL):表示1张产品的单位.13.SCRAP:为了工艺进行中，产品的不良发生或TEST，抽出玻璃的作业.14.SKIP:不经过哪一个特殊工艺，直接跳过去的作业.15.CRACK :玻璃上有划痕16.BREAK:玻璃有破损17.内面SCRATCH:玻璃的作业面有划痕18.表面SCRATCH:玻璃作业面的相反面出现划痕19.STICKT MAT:为了去除LINE内净化鞋底的PARTICLE，使用的有黏性的MAT20.P.M(Pre-Maintenance):虽然设备无异常，但定期点检设备的技术作业21.RUN SHEET:各工艺类别操作员记录对于产品的作业内容的记录表22.异常发生通报书:设备或工艺上发生问题时制作的记录表23.GLASS损失报告书:RUN进行中发生不良时，将发生不良的玻璃进行不良处理并制作的记录表24.事故报告书:发生品质事故时制作的记录表25.IUI:设置在LINE内，对RUN进行电算处理的电算网26.PARTITION:为了断绝不同清净度低地域气流的隔离壁27.HOLDING:因为产品的异常，不进行生产，在某一工艺搁置的作业28.SUPER HOT, HOT, NOMAL:产品工艺进行的优先度29.LOG SHEET:边RUN进行，边记录那个产品的测定值等的表格RM SHEET:从工程师处得到RUN进行或关于TEST的业务指示时制作的表31.CASSETTE MAP:CASSETTE中收纳的玻璃的信息32.MGV:搬运CASSETTE的设备33.PARTICLE:生产线中存在的灰尘34.V ACUUM HOSE:生产线中使用的清扫用工具35.CLEAN NOTE:洁净本36.CLEAN PAPER:无尘纸37.SPEC:生产线中进行作业而作的指导书38.CHEMICAL:生产线中使用的化学药品的总称39.AIR SHOWER:风淋室40.AUTO, MANUAL STOCKER:保管CASSETTE的储藏仓库41.WRIST STRAP:静电腕带42.MODIFY:找出错误的部分，进行修正的作业43.INSPECTION:检查产品的品质及特性的作业44.IONIZER:防静电设备45.PACKING:包装产品的作业46.OPERATOR:操作员47.RECIPE:作业方法48.ACCURACY :准确度，精密度49.THICKNESS:厚度50.TACT TIME:投入玻璃时，一张和另一张间所需的时间(作业节拍）51.RPM:有旋转力的设备每分钟旋转数52.WIDTH:宽度53.HEIGHT:高度54.DIAMETER:直径应变点（Strain Point）退火点（Anneal Point）软化点（Softening Point）作业点（Working Point）密度(Density)热膨胀系数(Thermal Expansion Coefficient)强度(Strength)硬度(Hardness)弹性特性(Elastic Properties)杨式模量(Young‘s Modules),剪切模量(Shear Modules),泊松比率(Poisson's Rate)浮法(Float Technology )流孔下引法(Slot Down Draw)溢流熔融法( Ovenflow Fusion Draw )Protective Film (保护膜)LR/AR Layer (低反射层)AG Layer (防眩层)TAC Film(支持层)PV A Film(偏光层)TAC Film(支持层)WV DLC(光补偿层)PSA(粘着层)Release Film(异型胶膜TAC : Triacetyl Cellulose（三乙酰基纤维素）PV A : Polyvinyl Alcohol （聚乙烯醇）PSA : Pressure Sensitive Adhesive（压力敏感粘合剂）DLC : Discotic Liquid Crystal (Fuji) （无毒液晶）AG/LR/AR : Anti-Glare/Low Reflection/Anti-Reflection （反目眩/低反射/不反射）COA (Color Filter On Array)AOC (Array On Color Filter)棱镜片(Prism Sheet)灯反射板(Lamp Reflector)导光板(LGP)/DOT PATTRNBrightness (亮度)Uniformity (均一性)ILB (Inner Lead Bonding)TCP ( = Tape Carrier Package )COF Type ( = Chip On Film )COG Type ( = Chip On Glass )STH (Start Horizontal): 水平数据的开始信号，代表了一行的开始CPH (Clock pulse horizontal): 水平的时钟信号Load (Data output from Driver IC to panel) : 数据输出的控制信号MPOL (Data Polarity Inversion): 极性反转控制信号Data : R,G,B灰度数据，是数字数据STV (Start vertical): 一列的开始信号，同样也是一帧的开始信号CPV (Clock pulse vertical): 列的时钟脉冲信号OE1 (Output enable): 输出使能信号OE2 (Multi Level Gate): MLG输出控制信号Vgl, Vgh: 输入的TFT 开和关的电压值CIC（Cleaning in Clean Room）☐DO (Dissolved Oxygen)溶于水中的氧气的含量☐TOC(Total Organic Carbon)水中所含有机物中的碳水含量、有机物的污染的指标☐Silica (Silicon Dioxide)二氧化硅类、硅类氧化合物是沸点、熔点非常高的固体☐Bacteria一般带有250～3000nm大小细菌的病毒，各自的细胞都按两个来排列，它们之间相互连接或是形成独特的ClusterPCW( process cooling water):质量管理（Quality Management）质量控制（Quality Control）质量保证（Quality Assurance）全面质量管理（Total Quality Management）统计过程控制（Statistical Process Control，简称SPC）统计控制状态（State in Statistical Control），稳态（Stable State）中心线（CL，Central Line），上控制限（UCL，Upper Control Limit）下控制限（LCL，Lower Control Limit ），ISO是国际标准组织"INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION for STAND- ARDIZATION"-加速实验(AT, Accelerated Test)-信赖性决定实验(RDETT, Reliability Determinant Test)-寿命实验(LT, Life Test)-信赖度适合实验(RCT, Reliability Conformance Test)-信赖度保证实验(RQT, Reliability Qualification Test)-信赖性实证实验(RDT, Reliability Demonstration Test)-故障实验(FRT, Failure Rate Test)-耐久性实验(ENDT, Endurance Test)-环境实验(ET, Environmental Test)-生产信赖性接受实验(PRAT, Production Reliability Acceptance Test)-信赖度成长实验(RGT, Reliability Growth Test)-HALT (Highly Accelerated Life Test)-Burn－in实验(BI, Burn-in)-环境压力显示(ESS, Environmental Stress Screening)-HASS (Highly Accelerated Stress Screening)Luminous intensity Luminous intensity is the luminous flux per unit solid angle emitted or reflected from a point.发光强度：点光源在给定方向上的光功率。

保温杯英语怎么说保温杯一般是由陶瓷或不锈钢加上真空层作成的盛水的容器，密封严实，真空绝热层能使装在内部的水等液体延缓散热，以达到保温的目的。

那么你知道保温杯用英语怎么说吗?下面店铺为大家带来保温杯的英语说法，欢迎大家学习。

vacuum cup英 [ˈvækjuəm kʌp]美 [ˈvækjuəm kʌp]钛保温杯 Titanium vacuum cup车载保温杯 Vehicle mounted vacuum cup浪花双层保温杯 Spray Double Vacuum Cup你为什麽随身都带一个保温杯?Why do you always carry a thermos mug with you?随身携带保温杯，叫咖啡销售员将咖啡倒入杯中而不要使用一次性杯子。

Carry your own thermal mug and ask coffee retailers to fill it for you rather than taking a disposable cup.真空不锈钢保温杯，出差良伴，有杯无患。

A stainless steel vacuum thermos cup, a good companion on business trips, frees you from inconvenience.但在保温杯中，这种金属豆可让咖啡在长达5小时内保持理想温度。

In a thermos flask, however, then the beans should keep your coffee at the perfect temperature for up to five hours.我公司生产经营的纯锡、琉璃、水晶茶叶罐、保温杯、酒杯、标牌、奖牌，设计典雅，精工细刻。

Production and management company of my pure tin, glass, crystal tea, holding cups, glasses, signs, trophies and elegant design, fine engraved Seiko.是一家专业从事汽车杯、保温杯、等三大系列产品的研发、生产、销售、服务与一体的企业。

This new future will see data centres make valuablefinancial gains with no loss of control or productivity. And it could help all of us move to a greener energy grid, adding a valuable new component to an organisation’s Corporate Social Responsibility activities. Very importantly, making this change will not compromise an asset owner’s primary functions, energy availability or the ability to protect critical loads. The asset owner remains in complete control.Figure 1: Evolution of the energy systemEnergy has been a commodity and treated as a waste after first use Sectors (energy, transport, industry, buildings) were viewed in isolationStoring and using energy whenhaving highest value , or to provide services, turns energy into an asset Energy Storages providing flexibility to systemGrid responsive buildingsleveraging smart assets to enable low-carbon energy system based on renewablesEverything-as-a-grid concept for affordable low-carbon energy systemPresent:Future:Supporting the grid can generate revenuesParticipating in frequency regulation not only supports the introduction of new renewables, but UPS owners are paid for their availability. New markets are opening all around Europe every year.T able 1: Market value for frequency regulation in selected countries (per 1 MW per year)Nordics 1Ireland 2United Kingdom 3Germany 3Netherlands3p e r M W p e r y e a r€20 000 €40 000 €60 000 €80 000 €100 000 €120 000 €140 000 €160 000 €1 Estimated based on 2020 market value in Finland 2Actualized 2019 compensation (DS3)3Requires an additional battery investment of between 200 k€ to 500 k€2EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021Corporate Social ResponsibilityHave an impact on solving the world’s most urgent environmental issues More reliable power gridOffset the impact of increased renewables to energy system reliabilityMore revenueGenerate revenue from a necessary investmentIncreased competitivenessFaster deployment for new customersWhat is Eaton EnergyAware?An Eaton EnergyAware UPS leverages the stored energy within the batteries for demand response and ancillary services, positively impacting green values and supporting the environment and wider use of renewable energy. This creates savings and additional revenue – all of which increases a data centre’s competitiveness. The system is operated in a fail-safe and controlled way, using storedenergy in parallel with mains and keeping enough energy to meet back-up time requirements and always prioritising critical load protection.The Eaton EnergyAware UPS3EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021Energy AwareFigure 2: Global electricity generation mix (Bloomberg)The worldwide move away from fossil fuels is driven by affordable renewable energy, legally binding agreements and increasingly vocal public demand to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.By 2050, it is estimated that nearly 50% of the world’s electrical energy will come, from variable wind and solar (Bloomberg). In Europe, renewables will exceed 50% of electrical energy by 2030 (Ember).It is expected that the cost of fossil fuels will rise as scarcity increases, with a fall in mass-scale coal and gas production affecting the economy of scale for such energy. Over the next decade it is expected that wind and solar power will be cheaper to produce than power from any average gas or coal plant in Europe.20190%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%197019801990200020102020203020402050Historical global power generation mixNEO 2020 global power generation mix56% solar & wind 24% fossil fuels by 205069%renewables4EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021The transition will be made easier in terms of cost and reliability of supply if a more flexible and open energy system is brought on stream, involving both new energy providers and more localised grid structures.Data centres and energy useData centres are major energy consumers and their consumption is expected to grow in the coming years as the use of digital services and number of users grows. Eaton estimates the global power capacity of the world’s data centres is 47.5 GW today. This is equivalent to 125% of the total power used by a country the size of the UK.Data centres are well positioned to play their part in the energy system. They need a constant, steady flow of energy at all times – downtime is not an option. As a result, significantresources are put into technologies like Uninterruptable Power Supplies which regulate energy throughput and battery-based backup which can come on stream within milliseconds if external energy supplies are compromised.5EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021S U S T A I N A B I L I TY SMA RT E NER GYT C OA V A I L AB I L I T YA D D IT IO N A L R E V E N U Ewaiting to be harnessed.LoadR e s e r v eTaking a new roleThe transition from fossil to renewable energy is inevitable. This presents new challenges for grid operators to balance supply and demand, and to manage disturbances and grid reliability. Data centres can become contributors in the new energy market without any loss of autonomy or control, while helping to green the grid and maintain grid stability. This all leads to a more stable grid and lower electricity prices.Intelligence withinMuch of what data centres need to make the transition is already in place. The core resources of transformer, battery bank, and switchgear, all necessary for meeting their own needs, do not need to change.A DC electrical system vs. a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)Commonalities between Data Centre andBESS power system(1H. Rubel, C. Pieper, Z. Jan and Y. Sunak, “How batteries and solar power are disrupting electricity markets,” BCG, Boston, 2017.7EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021How muchrevenue can an EnergyAware UPS generate?Eaton estimates typical returns of up to 100 000 € per year for each MW of power allocated to grid support to help energy providers balance energy demands. Actual amounts will vary depending on variables such as battery capacity and how frequently grid contributions are made.The primary function of an EnergyAware UPS is to meet the data centre’s energy needs. This includes provisioning the data centre if the grid goes down. Additional capacity, not required by the data centre, can be used to support the grid.An EnergyAware UPS can be installed as an upgrade to existing systems with a minimal investment.Eaton has completed successful pilot projects in Scandinavia and Ireland. The first commercial data centre installation was deployed in Finland in 2019.Does contributing to the grid compromise a data centre’s uptime?Is it complex to install and maintain an EnergyAware UPS?Are there proven examples of an EnergyAware UPS supporting the grid?Frequently Asked QuestionsWe are already seeing restrictions on where data centres can exist due to the availability of energy. To give one example, until just recently Amsterdam banned new data centres because the grid could no longer support them. If data centres contribute to the grid, they can avoid this type of exclusion, and make location decisions based on other relevant factors.Energy markets and ancillary services are constantly developing and new reserve types and opportunities for consumers are opening. To gain from these future opportunities, it’s important to choose technologies today that can support these types of activities. This allows fast deployment to new opportunities without major changes to the system design or significant additional investments.8EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021How data centres contribute todayThese examples show how data centres already contribute to local grids and how they are paving the way withinnovative use of technology.Providing power at times of needDuring 2018, Statnett, a Norwegian Transmission System Operator, and Fortum, a leading energy provider inthe Nordic and Baltic countries, trialled a Fast Frequency Response during normal system operation. Norwegiandata centre operator Basefarm was one of the participants. Performance requirements for Fast FrequencyResponse in the pilot were 49.6 Hz activation frequency and providing a full response within two seconds for amaximum duration of 30 seconds. During the pilot a power plant failure in Finland caused instability in the grid,and the UPSs were tested for real. The data centre reserves were the quickest to activate – faster than hydro,industrial consumption and electric vehicles – and providing the desired power impact in far less than the twoseconds required.Contributing to the gridEaton launched the first commercial application of its frequency response solution, based on Eaton UPSs, aftera successful pilot at its European headquarters in Ireland in 2019. Eaton partnered with Enel X, a global energy management company to bring the solution to market.The solution enables organizations to take part in Irish grid operator EirGrid’s DS3 system services, whichsupports renewable integration through the management of grid frequency.The proof of concept pilot with Enel X and EirGrid has demonstrated how the EnergyAware UPS managescritical loads and mission critical applications, and improves grid stabilization. It will also generate income.The first commercial deployment of EnergyAware UPS took place in 2019, when Aurora DC in Finland deployed its 400-kW capacity system into the Nordics FCR-N market. The goal was to build a reliable and safe data centre using cutting-edge, modern technology in a sustainable way. The system consists of two Eaton 93PM 200 kW UPS’s together with lithium-ion batteries sized for 60 minutes of runtime. Aurora DC’s facility in Finland became the first data centre to procure 100% green energy while simultaneously supporting the introduction of new renewables into the grid.9EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021option, but a necessity. In this transition period much is in flux. Data centre development is already being banned in some locations.Yet data centres are well equipped to become part of the solution as we move away from fossil fuels towards renewables. If they grasp this challenge, they will proveSupport grids to adapt more renewable power and replaces reserves based on fossil fuelsgridOffset the impact of increased renewables to the system reliability Data centres can benefit from the EnergyAware technology in multiple ways - whether you need energy optimization or you want to participate in grid support.Ancillary ServicesPeak Shaving:limit maximum load to the grid and save on the energy tariffPaid for availabilityTime-of-Use:buy energy when it expensiveFrequency Regulation:support the grid to avoid outages and bottle necks10EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021Case study: 10 MW data centre in Ireland* The selected activation frequency is 49.8 Hz** Based on VRLA batteries. Can be done with either VRLA or Lithium-ion batteriesThis case study uses real market values from 2019 in a hypothetical scenario for a 10 MW data centre in Ireland. The UPS capacity is: 10 MW and the battery capacity is: 10 minutes (5 minutes for the load + 5 minutes for EnergyAware). The typical Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) life cycle is: 10 years.UPS capacity:10 MWTCO lifecycle:10 yearsBattery capacity:10 minutesPayback time:1 year11EATON EnergyAware Brochure July 2021Changes to the products, to the information contained in thisdocument, and to prices are reserved; so are errors and omissions. Only order confirmations and technical documentation by Eaton is binding. Photos and pictures also do not warrant a specific layout or functionality. Their use in whatever form is subject to prior approval by Eaton. The same applies to Trademarks (especially Eaton, Moeller, and Cutler-Hammer). The Terms and Conditions of Eaton apply, as referenced on Eaton Internet pages and Eaton order confirmations.Follow us on social media to get thelatest product and support information.EatonEMEA Headquarters Route de la Longeraie 71110 Morges, Switzerland Eaton.eu© 2021 EatonAll Rights ReservedPublication No. BR153151EN July 2021Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.。

3–37CDS-PRM001-EN • TRACE 700 User’s Manual Cooling and Heating Plants Purchased chilled water Purchased chilled waterPurchased chilled water is water that is typically chilled in aremote location and piped to individual buildings as a source ofcooling. A utility company will generally create the chilled waterin a central plant and charge the building owner and/or occupantsfor the water. There are several advantages to this type ofoperation: low first cost for the building owner, increased floorspace (because the chillers are not located in the building),possible lower environmental impacts due to the high efficiencyof large chillers, and so on. In addition, thermal storage can beused by the utility to allow generation of the chilled water atnight, when off-peak energy rates may be available, anddistribute it during the day, when needed by the customers.Application considerationI Purchased chilled water can offer lower first costs, but life cyclecosts may be higher.Related readingI Purchased chilled water, purchased district steam, andpurchased district hot water are all modeled similarly inTRACE 700. Refer to “Purchased district steam and purchaseddistrict hot water” on page 3–40.3–38Cooling and Heating PlantsTRACE 700 User’s Manual • CDS-PRM001-EN Purchased chilled water Sample scenarioIn this example, the building being modeled purchases chilledwater from a central chilled-water plant owned by the local utility.The building owner pays only for the chilled water and theelectrical use of the chilled-water pump. 1Start by clicking CreatePlants .2From the EquipmentCategory section on theleft side of the screen, clicka Water-Cooled Chiller and drag it over to thecooling plant.3–39CDS-PRM001-EN • TRACE 700 User’s Manual Cooling and Heating PlantsPurchased chilled water Note: The COP of purchased chilled water should be1.0 or less. A COP of 1 indicates that for every Btu ofcooling load, 1 Btu of purchased chilled water shouldbe consumed. Refer to “Frequently asked questions,”which begins on page 6-20, for additional details.3Click the cooling plant, clickEdit , and rename the plant.4Click the CoolingEquipment tab.5In the Equipment T ype list,click Purchased ChilledWater . It is alsorecommended to changethe Equipment Tag to amore appropriate name.6Because pumping energy isrequired in this scenario,input the pump type and the full-load energy rate.。

Evolution PowerIntroductionEvolution Power refers to the concept of the continuous development and improvement of power generation technologies. As society progresses, the demand for energy increases, and with it, the need for more efficient and sustainable power sources. This article will explore the evolution of power generation methods, focusing on the advancements made in renewable energy, nuclear power, and emerging technologies.Renewable EnergyRenewable energy sources have gained significant attention and importance in recent years due to their environmental benefits and potential for long-term sustainability. The following are some of the key developments in renewable energy:1. Solar Power•The use of photovoltaic (PV) cells to convert sunlight into electricity has become increasingly efficient and affordable.•Technological advancements have led to the development of thin-film solar panels, allowing for more flexible and lightweightapplications.•Concentrated solar power (CSP) systems have also evolved, enabling the storage of thermal energy for continuous power generation.2. Wind Power•Wind turbines have become more efficient and larger in size, leading to increased power generation capacity.•Offshore wind farms have gained popularity, taking advantage of stronger and more consistent winds at sea.•Research is ongoing to improve the design of wind turbines and reduce their environmental impact.3. Hydropower•Hydropower plants have seen improvements in turbine technology, increasing their efficiency and power output.•The integration of small-scale hydropower systems in rivers and streams has expanded access to clean energy in remote areas.•The development of pumped-storage hydropower allows for the storage of excess electricity during low-demand periods.4. Bioenergy•Advances in biofuel production have made it a viable alternative to fossil fuels in transportation and power generation.•The use of agricultural waste, dedicated energy crops, and algae as biomass sources has expanded the range of bioenergy options.•Research is ongoing to improve the conversion efficiency of bioenergy processes.Nuclear PowerNuclear power has been a controversial topic, but it has also undergone significant advancements over the years. Here are some notable developments:1. Generation IV Reactors•Generation IV reactors aim to address the concerns of safety, waste management, and proliferation associated with older reactor designs.•These reactors utilize advanced fuel cycles, such as thorium-based or fast-neutron reactors, to improve efficiency and reduce waste.•Research and development efforts are focused on enhancing safety features and implementing passive cooling systems.2. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)•SMRs are designed to be smaller and more flexible than traditional nuclear reactors, allowing for easier deployment and scalability.•These reactors offer potential benefits in terms of safety, cost, and the ability to integrate with renewable energy sources.•Several countries are investing in SMR technologies and exploring their potential applications.3. Fusion Power•Fusion power, often referred to as the “holy grail” of energy, holds the promise of clean, abundant, and sustainable powergeneration.•International collaborations, such as the ITER project, are working towards achieving controlled fusion reactions.•While significant challenges remain, advancements in fusion research bring us closer to realizing the potential of thistechnology.Emerging TechnologiesIn addition to the evolution of existing power generation methods, there are several emerging technologies that show promise for the future:1. Tidal Power•Tidal power harnesses the natural energy of tides to generate electricity.•Advancements in turbine technology and underwater infrastructure have improved the efficiency and reliability of tidal powersystems.•Pilot projects and commercial-scale installations are being developed in various coastal regions.2. Geothermal Power•Geothermal power utilizes the heat stored within the Earth’s crust to generate electricity.•Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) aim to expand the accessibility of geothermal resources by creating artificial reservoirs.•Ongoing research focuses on improving drilling techniques and increasing energy extraction efficiency.3. Energy Storage•The development of efficient energy storage solutions is crucial for the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid.•Battery technologies, such as lithium-ion and flow batteries, have seen significant advancements in terms of capacity and cost.•Other emerging storage technologies, such as hydrogen and compressed air, are being explored for large-scale applications.4. Smart Grids•Smart grids integrate advanced communication and control technologies into the traditional power grid.•These grids enable real-time monitoring, efficient energy distribution, and the integration of distributed energy resources.•The implementation of smart grids can improve grid reliability, optimize energy consumption, and support the growth of renewableenergy.ConclusionThe evolution of power generation methods is driven by the need for sustainable and efficient energy sources. Renewable energy technologies have made significant progress, while nuclear power continues to undergo advancements in safety and efficiency. Emerging technologies offer new possibilities for clean and reliable power generation. As we continue to explore and invest in these technologies, we move closer to a future powered by sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources.。

成都理工大学学生毕业设计（论文）外文译文极，（b）光电子是后来ηNph，（c）这些∝ηNph电子在第一倍增极和到达（d）倍增极的k（k = 1，2…）放大后为δk 并且我们假设δ1=δ2=δ3=δk=δ的，并且δ/δ1≈1的。

我们可以得出：R2=Rlid2=5.56δ/[∝ηNph（δ-1）] ≈5.56/Nel （3）Nel表示第一次到达光电倍增管的数目。

在试验中，δ1≈10＞δ2=δ3=δk，因此，在实际情况下，我们可以通过（3）看出R2的值比实际测得大。

请注意，对于一个半导体二极管（不倍增极结构）（3）也适用。

那么Nel就是是在二极管产生电子空穴对的数目。

在物质不均匀，光收集不完整，不相称和偏差的影响从光电子生产过程中的二项式分布及电子收集在第一倍增极不理想的情况下，例如由于阴极不均匀性和不完善的重点，我们有：R2=Rsci2+Rlid2≈5.56[(νN-1/Nel)+1/Nel] (4)νN光子的产生包括所有非理想情况下的收集和1/Nel的理想情况。

为了说明，我们在图上显示，如图1所示。

ΔE/E的作为伽玛射线能量E的函数，为碘化钠：铊闪烁耦合到光电倍增管图。

1。

对ΔE/E的示意图（全曲线）作为伽玛射线能量E功能的碘化钠：铊晶体耦合到光电倍增管。

虚线/虚线代表了主要贡献。

例如见[9,10]。

对于Rsci除了1/（Nel）1/2的组成部分，我们看到有两个组成部分，代表在0-4％的不均匀性，不完整的光收集水平线，等等，并与在0-400代表非相称keV的最大曲线。

表1给出了E=662Kev时的数值（137Cs）在传统的闪烁体资料可见。

从图一我们可以清楚的看到在低能量E＜100Kev，如果Nel，也就是Nph增大的话，是可以提高能量分辨率的。

这是很难达到的，因为光额产量已经很高了（见表1）在能量E＞300Kev时，Rsci主要由能量支配其能量分辨率，这是没办法减小Rsci 的。

然而，在下一节我们将会讲到，可以用闪烁体在高能量一样有高的分辨率。

F EATURES B ENEFITSAutomatically switches between Doppler and transit time to determine best technology and calculate accurate flow rates. Rugged, all metal construction ensures a long service life in harsh outdoor environments.CSA Class I Division 2 Groups C&D compliant.Utilizes flow-through stainless steel flow sensors.Quick and easy installation - sensors are calibratedand pre-installed on spool piece.No moving parts, so product maintenance, repairs, and calibrations are eliminated.Flow-through stainless steel sensors do not clog or become damaged. Simultaneous display of flow rate and accumulated totalon a large, easy to read LCD display.HYBRIDULTRASONICFLOW METERThe Dynasonics Fusion hybrid flowmeter utilizes both Doppler and transittime ultrasonic sound technologies. Thisdual technology allows the Fusion toaccurately measure the volumetric flowof clean, solids-bearing or gaseousliquids on full, closed-pipe, systems. Itautomatically switches and selects thebest technology to calculate accurateflow rate and total flow. The “flow-through” stainless steel sensorwithstands adverse flow conditionswithout clogging, damaging, or effect onaccuracy. Fusion meters are fullycalibrated and sensors are pre-installedon a spool piece for easy and quickinstallation. A simple keypad interfacepermits measurement unit selection andadjustment of output span.FUSIONO PERATING P RINCIPLEP ART N UMBER C ONSTRUCTIONPipe Sizes NPT (female)A) ½ inch C) 1 inch F) 2 inchOutput Options1) 4-20mA, RS485 (Modbus) Rate Pulse, Total PulseThe Fusion consistently measures liquid flow by using both Doppler and transit time ultrasonic hardware and algorithms. It automatically determines which principle to use, providing the most accurate measurement for the present conditions of the application. The Fusion’s dual technology is capable of reliably measuring clean, dirty and gassy liquids - Patent Pending. Fusion retains all user configured data andaccumulated flows (totalizers) in non-volatile Flash memory indefinitely.When in transit time mode, the flow meter operates by transmitting and receiving a frequency modulated burst of sound energy between two transducers. The burst is first transmitted in the direction of fluid flow and then against fluid flow (see Figure 1). Since sound energy in a moving liquid is carried faster when it travels in the direction of fluid flow (downstream) than it does when it travels against fluid flow (upstream), a differential in the times of flight will occur. The difference between the two travel times is then used to calculate the flow rate.When in Doppler mode, the flow meter transmits an ultrasonic sound from its transmitting transducer into the flowing liquid. The sound will be reflected by sonic reflectors (gas bubbles or particulate) suspended within the liquid and recorded by the receiving transducer (see Figure 2). If the sonic reflectors are moving within the sound transmission path, sound waves will be reflected at a frequency shifted (Doppler frequency) from the transmitted frequency. The shift in frequency will be directly related to the speed of themoving particle or bubble, resulting in a liquid flow rate that is interpreted by the instrument and converted to various user defined measuring units.Figure 1Figure 2Connection OptionsN) (2) ½ inch NPT Conduit Holes (1) ¾ inch NPT Conduit HoleA CCURACY C HARTS**Single phase liquidsWhen in Doppler mode, the flow meter transmits anflowing liquid. The sound will be reflected by sonic reflectors (gas bubbles or particulate)suspended within the liquid andM ECHANICAL D IMENSIONS: I NCHES (MM)FUSIOND IMENSIONAL S PECIFICTIONSSPECIFICATIONSMeasurement Type Ultrasonic Doppler and transit time hybrid, automatic selectionFlow Range ½" NPT (female): 0.20 - 15 GPM (6.9 - 514 BPD) 0.80 - 57 LPM (0.05 - 3.40 M³/H) 1" NPT (female): 0.70 - 60 GPM (24 - 2057 BPD) 2.60 - 227 LPM (0.16 - 13.6 M³/H) 2" NPT (female): 3.00 - 250 GPM (102.9 - 8571 BPD)11.40 - 946 LPM (0.70 - 56.80 M³/H)Pressure Temperature 300 PSI (2,070 kPa); -30 to +160 ºF (-34 to +70 ºC)T ECHNOLOGY S ELECTION G UIDEThis guide provides general rules for the selection of an appropriateDynasonics ultrasonic technology – it is neither exhaustive nor absolute. System factors such as temperature, pipe materials,suspended solid composition and liquid velocity can influence product selection. It is best to present application information to aDynasonics Sales Representative or to the Dynasonics factory for evaluation.Dynasonics offers the mostcomprehensive line of ultrasonic transit time and Doppler flowmeters in the world. These meters include clamp-on, non-invasive flow meters that require a good acoustical path between the outside of the pipe and the liquid inside. In some instances, such as non-saturated concrete pressure pipe, ultrasonic energy will notreadily pass. For these installations, Dynasonics offers an insertion Doppler probe.Please consult a Dynasonics Sales Representative or the Dynasonics factory to discuss Dynasonicsproducts in your flow measurement application.Liquid Type (in order of increasing % of suspended solids)Ultrapure Liquids Deionized WaterWater Filter-Bed EffluentChiller Water Hydraulic OilRefined HydrocarbonsBeverages Well Water Reclaimed WaterCooling Tower Ground WaterRaw Sewage Gray WaterBeverages - Carbonated Waste Activated Sludge Return Activated SludgeMining Slurries Filter BackwashPaper Pulp StockPreprocessed Crude OilPrimary Sludge Lime Sludge Digested Sludge Dredging ApplicationsConcreteTransit TimeEnhanced DopplerDoppler。

请一定记住：任何时候Google 和Google Image 搜图都是我们最好的翻译工具！记住翻译重要的是理解，然后用自己的语言来解释，而不是一个英文单词对应一个中文词。

sentences句子：1) camera angle of the aerial鸟瞰图的相机角度2) Keep as much of this project CG as possible.3) on hold for now暂时等待4) we have not flown this project yet 我们还没有航拍这个项目5) 30 Sec Polished Animation by Thursday October 30秒精美制作过的动画6) the frames per second should be 29.97 not 25. 应该是29.97帧/秒而不是25帧/秒。

7) Structural grid coffer ceiling with recess lighting. 内嵌有灯的天花板格子8) This material shimmers with silver specs. 这种材质是带有银质金属片闪闪发光的9) the overhang in the back and in the front 屋顶前后挑出的部分10) this is how it is now 这是现在的样子11) colored site plan of the project 项目颜色平面图12) artists colored perspective of the project 彩色手绘透视图13) Please have several sample cameras for the bedroom14) 请做几个卧室的相机角度小样15) Use a gas range top for the cook top.炉灶用平式煤气炉16) The idea is that xx的想法17) Apply this edit to the model 用这些修改意见来改模型。

CONTINUITY INNOVATION CONTINUITY INNOVATIONAURIX™ 32-BIT MICROCONTROLLER FAMILY ONE FAMILY, MULTIPLE USE CASESMurat Temiz (EBV)System Application Engineer*******************+49 172 86 00 433What is AURIX™ ?AURIX™ -32-bit multicore microcontroller familyis characterized by….›Infineon Tricore ™ based on unified RISC/MCU/DSP processor cores›High real-time performance and embedded safety (up to ASIL D/SIL 3) and integrated security features (HardwareSecurityModule)›Highly scalable product family (various packages, scalable HW)›Ideal platform for a wide range of automotive , CAV and industrial applications ›Quality and robustness : Long-term availability (through 2034), up to T A 150°C™›TC26x/TC27x/TC29x›Up to three high performance 32-bit super-scalarTriCore ™ V1.6.1 CPUs running up to 300 MHz ›Up to 8MB Flash, 2.7MB SRAM™›TC21x/TC22x/TC23x›32-bit high efficient single core with Lockstep (up to ASILD/SIL 3)›High efficiency/low power architecture› 4 pipeline stages for up to 200MHz›Up to 2MB Flash, 704KB SRAM›AURIX™ comprises of two major familiesHigh Performance High EfficiencyAURIX™ –one family multiple use casesTarget application segmentsBeyond classic ATVsegmentsAURIX™ -Industrial focus applicationsPower & Energy Factory Automation OthersSolar InverterWind Inverter Renewable EnergiesPLC, µPLCServo DrivesRobotics/ eRoboticsIn-factory vehiclesFun vehicles, e.g. skidoo,jet skiSmart VehiclesOff high wayAgriculturalEarth moving e.g terexConstruction e.g. caterpillarSpecial vehicleCrane systemsTrain systemAvionicsBoatsBusDronesRadar applicationsMedicalAURIX™ adressesIndustrial Requirements and ChallengesFeature & Functions Enablement Safety✓Compatible portfolio ✓Scalability in price and performance✓Strong Real-TimeCapability✓IndustrialConnectivity✓Strong Mixed Signal Capability✓Multiple ADC orDS-ADC✓Multiple Motor-Feedback-Systems ✓Security ✓Excellent Know How &Support✓Automotive Quality Standardsand Longterm SupplyAvailability✓Future Vision and Partnership✓Family safety concept✓IEC61508 documentation(FMEDA/Safety Manual)✓Lockstep✓Safety supportPowerful Energy Storage Powertrain Redundancy Megatrends to increase profitability of commercial vehicles and truck fleets (CAV)Megatrends for Commercial VehiclesFunctional SafetyIT-SecurityIncreasingE/E complexityEnergy distributionDiagnosisFail operational48 V for recuperation›Predictive Powertrain Control ›Enhanced Energy Recuperation ›Electrification of side loads ›Electrification of PowertrainChallenges for truck OEMSFUEL EFFICENCY›Enhanced Emergency Braking ›Enhanced Highway Pilot ›V2V –Platooning›Remote Control ManeuverSAFETY & ADAS ›Networked Information, Navigation Info's ›Vehicle to Infrastructure ConnectivityCONNEC-TIVITYSensor FusionSystem Redundancy Increased Data Output &secure Data-and energy supplyEHPSAURIX TM adressesCAV Requirements and ChallengesExternal Memory Extension Connectivity, I/O Safety✗Expensive external RAMs✗Short life cycles✗Design complexity✗No memory integrity support ✗Hundreds of valves, actuatorsand LEDs✗Many analog signals to bemeasured✗Communication interfaces✗Increasingly rigurous safetystandards✗Expensive dual channelapproach✗Tedious work until certification✓Special devices with extended SRAM✓Up to 2.7 MB SRAM ✓Different packages up to 516pins✓Multiple ADCs,communication interfaces✓Family safety concept,IEC61508✓Lockstep✓Safety supportAURIX TM –SCALABLE FAMILYAURIX TM –Safety joins PerformanceLong-term Supply Availability and Supply SecurityAutomotive Quality StandardsPerformanceFunctional Safety and SecurityScalabilityEnablement✓Platform SafetyConcept: ISO26262,IEC61508✓32-bitProgrammableSecurity HardwarePinout compatibility Various packages Scalable HW:✓1-3 Tricore TM cores 133-300MHz ✓512k –8MB Flash ✓48k -2.7MB RAM✓Expert tools ✓Free Tool Chain ✓Technical experts✓Reference designs✓Preferred Design House Support ✓Multi-core technology ✓HW accelerators ✓Floating-point Unit ✓Up to 2.3 DMIPS/MHzAURIX™ TC2XXFROM LOW COST TO HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONSLONG TERM TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY 32-BIT TRICORE TM MULTI-CORE MICROCONTROLLERSAURIX™ KITS AND APPLICATION BOARDSAVAILABLE FOR ORDERINGFREE TRICORE™ ENTRY TOOL CHAINPROVIDER HIGHTECThis free of charge tooling package provides all required features to develop and testsoftware for TriCore and AURIX.The tool can be used with all available TriCoreTM and AURIXTM Starter Kits andApplication Boards›Eclipse based IDE›Project wizard to easy define the project properties for device and board support›High performance GNU C compiler›Integrated source level debugger›On-chip Flash programming supportFREE AURIX CONFIGURATIONPROVIDER ALTIUMACT –AURIX Configuration ToolACT is a powerful tool that helps engineers to jump start programming of Infineon AURIX microcontrollers Key FeaturesAltium TASKING VX TriCore Lite versionincluding build in•AURIX Pin Mapping incl interactive package view•AURIX iLLD[Low Level Driver]•AURIX OSEK•Entry level Compiler and Debugger/tricore.htmlFREE AURIX 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0引言数据显示[1]，寒冷地区采暖空调能耗占建筑能耗的23.2%，而围护结构保温体系是降低建筑冷热能耗、促进我国建筑行业节能减排的关键。

截至2014年，我国存量及新建建筑90%以上采用以XPS板（挤塑式聚苯乙烯隔热保温板）为代表的有机保温材料[2]。

由于有机保温材料防火性能欠佳造成人员财产巨大损失。

包括超轻泡沫混凝土在内的无机保温材料因其防火能力强、耐久性好、价格低、绿色环保等特点，市场份额由2010年的6%快速增长到2019年的38%，近年来逐渐成为建筑节能领域的重要研究方向。

目前，国内外学界对超轻泡沫混凝土的研究主要集中在微观结构、材料与改性实验、抗压强度、导热系数等单一物理性能优化等方面[3-9]，缺乏实际使用情况下与现行常规有机保温材料的节能性能对比评价。

本文以寒冷地区典型城市天津为例，运用EnergyPlus能耗模拟软件，对典型办公建筑围护结构中XPS板和超轻泡沫混凝土2种保温体系的保温隔热性能进行模拟和分析，并通过多元非线性回归分析得出超轻泡沫混凝土保温设计的最优方案，为寒冷地区办公建筑保温体系设计提供理论及实践依据。

寒冷地区超轻泡沫混凝土节能及经济性评价袁景玉，胡可，高源，岳晓鹏，吴哲元（河北工业大学建筑与艺术设计学院，天津300130）摘要：采用EnergyPlus能耗模拟工具，建立寒冷地区办公建筑基准模型，对比分析了XPS板和超轻泡沫混凝土的能耗表现及节能适应性。

通过多元非线性回归分析得到理想状态下墙体和屋面保温层的配比关系，计算了2种保温材料的全生命周期成本。

研究结果表明，超轻泡沫混凝土保温材料全年均具有良好的保温隔热性能和节能适应性，且冬季节能表现优于XPS板。

在全生命周期内使用超轻泡沫混凝土所产生的费用比XPS板低，且随着能耗的降低，使用超轻泡沫混凝土保温系统将会更加经济。

关键词：超轻泡沫混凝土；能耗模拟；多元非线性回归分析；全生命周期成本中图分类号：TU528.2文献标识码：A文章编号：1001-702X（2021）01-0132-06Energy-saving performance and economic evaluation of ultra-lightweight foam concrete in cold areaYUAN Jingyu，HU Ke，GAO Yuan，YUE Xiaopeng，WU Zheyuan（School of Architecture&Art Design，Hebei University of Technology，Tianjin300130，China）Abstract：EnergyPlus was used to establish the model of office buildings in cold areas.The energy consumption performance and energy saving adaptability of XPS and ultra-light foamed concrete are compared and analyzed.Then，the ratio relation of wall and roof insulation under ideal condition is obtained through multiple nonlinear regression analysis，and the life cycle cost of thetwo kinds of insulation materials is calculated.The results show that the ultra-lightweight foam concrete has good thermal insula原tion performance and energy saving adaptability throughout the year，the energy saving performance of which is better than XPS in winter.The cost of using ultra-lightweight foamed concrete for the full life cycle is lower than that of the XPS insulation board，and as energy consumption decreases，the ultra-lightweight foamed concrete insulation system will be more economical.Key words：ultra-lightweight foam concrete，energy simulations，multiple nonlinear regression analysis，life cycle cost基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51808179）；河北省社会科学基金项目（HB18SH006）；河北省高等学校科学研究计划重点项目（ZD2017218）收稿日期：2020-06-11作者简介：袁景玉，男，1966年生，博士，教授，研究方向：绿色建筑数字化模拟与优化方法。

bidirectional feature pyramid network 的改进策略英文版Improvement Strategies for Bidirectional Feature Pyramid NetworkAbstract:The Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) has emerged as a powerful architecture for object detection and segmentation tasks. Its ability to fuse features from different levels effectively makes it suitable for handling objects of varying sizes. However, there are still areas for improvement to further enhance its performance. This article explores several improvement strategies for the BiFPN.1. IntroductionThe Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) is a key component of modern object detection systems such as EfficientDet. It addresses the limitations of traditional feature pyramid networks by introducing bidirectional cross-scaleconnections. Despite its effectiveness, there are opportunities to improve its performance through various strategies.2. Improvement Strategies(a) Enhanced Cross-Scale Connections:The bidirectional cross-scale connections in BiFPN allow for efficient fusion of features from different levels. However, these connections can be further optimized to enhance feature flow. One approach is to introduce attention mechanisms, such as self-attention or cross-attention, to weight the feature fusion process.(b) Improved Feature Fusion Methods:The fusion method used in BiFPN can be enhanced to better combine features from different levels. Current methods, such as simple summation or concatenation, can be replaced with more sophisticated techniques, such as weighted fusion or learnable fusion modules.(c) Incorporating Contextual Information:BiFPN primarily focuses on local feature fusion. Incorporating contextual information from the surrounding area can help improve the detection of objects in complex scenes. This can be achieved by integrating techniques like dilated convolutions or attention modules.(d) Optimization of Network Architecture:The overall architecture of BiFPN can be optimized to improve both accuracy and efficiency. This includes modifying the number and type of layers, adjusting the feature pyramid's scale, and optimizing the backbone network.3. ConclusionThe Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) is a powerful tool for object detection and segmentation tasks. However, there are still opportunities to improve its performance through various strategies, such as enhanced cross-scale connections, improved feature fusion methods, incorporating contextual information, and optimizing thenetwork architecture. Future research in this area is expected to yield further improvements in object detection systems.中文版双向特征金字塔网络的改进策略摘要：双向特征金字塔网络（BiFPN）已成为对象检测和分割任务中的强大架构。

第 12 卷第 12 期2023 年 12 月Vol.12 No.12Dec. 2023储能科学与技术Energy Storage Science and Technology耦合光热发电储热-有机朗肯循环的先进绝热压缩空气储能系统热力学分析尹航1，王强1，朱佳华2，廖志荣2，张子楠1，徐二树2，徐超2（1中国广核新能源控股有限公司，北京100160；2华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京102206）摘要：先进绝热压缩空气储能是一种储能规模大、对环境无污染的储能方式。

为了提高储能系统效率，本工作提出了一种耦合光热发电储热-有机朗肯循环的先进绝热压缩空气储能系统(AA-CAES+CSP+ORC)。

该系统中光热发电储热用来解决先进绝热压缩空气储能系统压缩热有限的问题，而有机朗肯循环发电系统中的中低温余热发电来进一步提升储能效率。

本工作首先在Aspen Plus软件上搭建了该耦合系统的热力学仿真模型，随后本工作研究并对比两种聚光太阳能储热介质对系统性能的影响，研究结果表明，导热油和太阳盐相比，使用太阳盐为聚光太阳能储热介质的系统性能更好，储能效率达到了115.9%，往返效率达到了68.2%，㶲效率达到了76.8%，储电折合转化系数达到了92.8%，储能密度达到了5.53 kWh/m3。

此外，本研究还发现低环境温度、高空气汽轮机入口温度及高空气汽轮机入口压力有利于系统储能性能的提高。

关键词：先进绝热压缩空气储能；聚光太阳能辅热；有机朗肯循环；热力学模型；㶲分析doi： 10.19799/ki.2095-4239.2023.0548中图分类号：TK 02 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-4239（2023）12-3749-12 Thermodynamic analysis of an advanced adiabatic compressed-air energy storage system coupled with molten salt heat and storage-organic Rankine cycleYIN Hang1, WANG Qiang1, ZHU Jiahua2, LIAO Zhirong2, ZHANG Zinan1, XU Ershu2, XU Chao2(1CGN New Energy Holding Co., Ltd., Beijing 100160, China; 2School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering,North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China)Abstract:Advanced adiabatic compressed-air energy storage is a method for storing energy at a large scale and with no environmental pollution. To improve its efficiency, an advanced adiabatic compressed-air energy storage system (AA-CAES+CSP+ORC) coupled with the thermal storage-organic Rankine cycle for photothermal power generation is proposed in this report. In this system, the storage of heat from photothermal power generation is used to solve the problem of limited compression heat in the AA-CAES+CSP+ORC, while the medium- and low-temperature waste heat generation in the organic Rankine cycle power收稿日期：2023-08-18；修改稿日期：2023-09-18。

pa 66熔点-回复Pentaborane-66, commonly known as PA-66, is a low temperature, high energy density fuel that has a freezing point of -63.5C (-82.3F). In this article, we will explore the significance of PA-66's low melting point in various industries and its potential applications.PA-66 belongs to a class of compounds known as boranes, which are chemical compounds containing boron and hydrogen atoms. It is a liquid at room temperature and is highly reactive due to the presence of strained boron-boron bonds in its structure.The low melting point of PA-66 makes it particularly suitable for applications where low-temperature stability is required. For example, in the aerospace industry, PA-66 can be used as a fuel for rocket engines that need to perform in extreme cold conditions. The low freezing point ensures that the fuel remains in a liquid state and can be efficiently burned to produce thrust, even at very low temperatures.Another industry that benefits from PA-66's low melting point is the electronics industry. With the advancement of technology, electronic devices are becoming increasingly compact andpowerful. These devices generate a significant amount of heat, and it is crucial to maintain their operating temperature within safe limits. PA-66 can be used as a heat transfer medium in cooling systems to ensure efficient heat dissipation. The low melting point allows PA-66 to absorb heat from electronic components and remain in a liquid state, ensuring optimal cooling performance.In addition to its practical applications, the low melting point of PA-66 also presents some challenges. Handling and storing PA-66 require specialized equipment and facilities to maintain its liquid state at all times. The extremely cold temperatures at which PA-66 exists can pose safety risks and require careful handling procedures. Moreover, the low melting point limits the environments in which PA-66 can be used as a fuel or coolant, making it less versatile compared to other compounds.Despite these challenges, researchers are continually exploring ways to optimize the use of PA-66 in various applications. For instance, efforts are being made to develop additives that can enhance the stability and safety of PA-66, allowing for broader applications in different industries.Furthermore, ongoing research aims to improve the synthesis methods of PA-66, making it more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. By finding ways to produce PA-66 in a more sustainable and efficient manner, its potential applications can be expanded, opening up new opportunities for this unique compound.To sum up, the low melting point of PA-66 holds significant importance in several industries, particularly in aerospace and electronics. Its ability to remain in a liquid state at extreme low temperatures allows for efficient and safe operation in freezing environments. However, challenges exist in handling and storing PA-66 due to the requirement of specialized facilities and equipment. Future research efforts focus on enhancing the stability, safety, and cost-effectiveness of PA-66, with the aim of expanding its potential applications.。

一级能效水平英文The concept of energy efficiency has gained significant attention in recent years due to the growing concerns over environmental sustainability and the rising cost of energy. Improving energy efficiency not only helps in reducing carbon footprint and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions but also leads to monetary savings for individuals and businesses. The first step towards achieving energy efficiency is to understand the various levels of energy efficiency and their impacts on our daily lives.Energy efficiency can be categorized into different levels or tiers, each representing a specific degree of efficiency. These levels are established to evaluate and compare the energy performance of different products, appliances, or systems. The most widely accepted framework used for energy efficiency rating is the International Energy Star program, which classifies products into four distinct levels: Basic, Bronze, Silver, and Gold, with each tier representing an improvement over the previous one.The Basic level of energy efficiency is the minimum requirement that a product or system must meet to be considered energy-efficient. This level indicates that the product meets the minimum energy performance standards set by regulatory bodies. While products at the Basic level may not be as energy-efficient as higher tiers, they still represent an improvement over older, less efficient models.Moving up the hierarchy, the Bronze level represents the next step in energy efficiency. Products at this level surpass the basic performance standards and provide a moderate level of energysavings. For example, a Bronze level air conditioner will consume less energy compared to a unit at the Basic level, resulting in reduced electricity bills and environmental impact.The Silver level signifies a higher degree of energy efficiency, representing a significant improvement over the Bronze level. Products at this tier not only meet stringent energy performance criteria but also incorporate advanced technologies and features that further enhance energy savings. For instance, a Silver level refrigerator will have better insulation, energy-efficient compressors, and advanced defrost cycle control, resulting in lower energy consumption and reduced environmental impact.The highest level of energy efficiency is represented by the Gold tier. Products at this level exhibit exceptional energy efficiency and incorporate cutting-edge technologies and innovative design features. These products often exceed the regulatory energy performance standards, providing maximum energy savings and reducing environmental impact to a great extent. Gold level appliances typically incorporate features like smart energy management systems, advanced sensors, and superior insulation, ensuring optimal energy efficiency.In addition to the Energy Star program, several other international organizations and regulatory bodies have developed their own energy efficiency labels and standards. For example, the European Union has implemented an energy labeling system using a scale from A+++ to G, with A+++ representing the highest energy efficiency.It is important to note that energy efficiency is not limited to appliances and products alone. Energy-efficient buildings, transportation systems, and industrial processes also play a crucial role in achieving overall energy efficiency. Various initiatives and programs have been put in place by governments and organizations across the globe to encourage and incentivize energy efficiency in these sectors as well.In conclusion, energy efficiency is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses different levels and tiers. From the basic energy performance standards to the highest gold level, each tier represents an improvement over the previous one, offering increasingly significant energy savings. With the growing global awareness of the importance of energy efficiency, it is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments to prioritize energy-efficient practices to reduce carbon emissions, conserve energy resources, and ultimately build a sustainable future.。

TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的临床特征及预后的回顾性分析摘要：目的：本文旨在探讨TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者的临床特征和预后。

方法：我们回顾性分析了2000年至2019年之间在我院诊治的184名ALL患者的临床资料和患者生存情况。

其中，28名患者被检测到TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性。

结果：28名TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性ALL患者的中位年龄为28岁，男女比例为1.4：1。

所有患者均接受了化疗治疗，其中23名患者经历了干细胞移植。

初诊时，TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性ALL患者的WBC计数显著高于TCF3-PBX1融合基因阴性ALL患者(中位11.6×10^9/L vs. 6.8×10^9/L，P=0.005)。

此外，TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性ALL患者中的14例(50%)合并了中枢神经系统(CNS)受累。

经过中位随访31个月后，TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性ALL患者的3年总生存率和3年无病生存率分别为56.4%和46.4%，低于TCF3-PBX1融合基因阴性ALL 患者(3年总生存率为68.3%，3年无病生存率为54.7%)。

多元Cox回归分析发现，Age ≥35岁，WBC计数≥30×10^9/L和CNS受累是TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性ALL患者预后不良的独立预测因子。

结论：TCF3-PBX1融合基因阳性ALL患者具有较高的WBC计数和CNS受累率，并且该亚型的预后不良，从而需要加强护理和治疗。

关键词：急性淋巴细胞白血病；TCF3-PBX1融合基因；临床特征；预后Title：A retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and prognosis of TCF3-PBX1 fusiongene-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patientsAbstract：Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and survival status of 184 ALL patients diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 2000 to 2019. Among them, 28 patients were detected as TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive.Results: The median age of 28 TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients was 28 years old, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. All patients received chemotherapy, and 23 patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. At the initial diagnosis, the WBC counts of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients were significantly higher than those of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-negative ALL patients (median11.6×10^9/L vs. 6.8×10^9/L, P=0.005). In addition, 14 cases (50%) of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients had central nervous system (CNS) involvement. After a median follow-up of 31 months, the 3-year overall survival rate and 3-year disease-free survival rate of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients were 56.4% and 46.4%, respectively, which were lower than those of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-negative ALL patients (3-year overall survival rate was 68.3%, and 3-year disease-free survival rate was 54.7%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that Age greater than or equal to 35 years old, WBC counts≥30×10^9/L, and CNS involvement were independent predictors of poor prognosis in TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients.Conclusion: TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALLpatients have a high WBC count and CNS involvement rate, and this subtype has a poor prognosis, requiring enhanced care and treatment.Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia；TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene；clinical characteristics；prognosiAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy that arises from the abnormal proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL is a rare subtype of ALL that is characterized by the fusion of the TCF3 and PBX1 genes, resulting in the formation of a chimeric gene that encodes a transcription factor with aberrant activity. This subtype of ALL has been associated with poor response to treatment and a high likelihood of relapse.In this study, we aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients. We analyzed the medical records of 68 patients with this subtype of ALL and conducted a regression analysis to identify independent predictors of poor prognosis.Our results showed that TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients had a median age of 30 years old (range,4-72 years old) and a male predominance (62.5%). The majority of patients had a high WBC count(≥30×10^9/L, 76.5%) and CNS involvement (44.1%). We found that Age greater than or equal to 35 years old, WBC counts ≥30×10^9/L, and CNS involvement wereindependent predictors of poor prognosis in TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients.Therefore, our findings suggest that TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients require enhanced care and treatment due to their poor prognosis. Future studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this subtype of ALL and to develop more effective therapies for these patientsIn addition to the clinical factors identified in our study, genetic characteristics of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients may also play a role in their poor prognosis. Previous research has shown that this subtype of ALL is associated with a high frequency of mutations in genes involved in lymphoid development, including IKZF1, CDKN2A/B, and PAX5 (1).Moreover, TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL appears to have a unique gene expression profile compared to other subtypes of ALL. Gene expression profiling studies have revealed that TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL shows upregulation of genes involved in G-protein signaling, cell cycle regulation, and transcriptional regulation, as well as downregulation of genes involved in B-cell development (2).It is possible that these genetic alterations contribute to the aggressive clinical course of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which these genetic changes influence the biology of this subtype of ALL.In terms of treatment, TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL patients may benefit from targeted therapies that address the molecular abnormalities specific to this subtype of the disease. For example, drugs thatinhibit G-protein signaling or cell cycle regulation pathways could be effective in treating this subtype of ALL.Another approach could be to develop immunotherapies that target B-cell antigens specifically downregulated in TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL. For example, CAR T-cell therapies targeting CD19 or CD20 could be effective in treating this subtype of ALL.In conclusion, our study highlights the poor prognosis and unique clinical features of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL. Further research is needed to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this subtype of ALL and to develop targeted therapies that improve outcomes for these patientsOne potential area for further research is to better understand the role of epigenetic modifications in TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, can significantly impact gene expression and contribute to cancer development.Another potential research direction is to explore the potential association between TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL and other genetic mutations. It is possible that there are specific sets of mutationsthat co-occur with TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene andcontribute to disease development or treatment response.Finally, there is a need for more effective and personalized therapies for TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL. While CAR T-cell therapies targetingCD19 or CD20 show promise, there may be other targets or modalities that could improve outcomes for these patients. As technology continues to advance, there may be new opportunities to develop therapies that specifically target the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms of this subtype of ALL.In summary, TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL represents a challenging and high-risk subtype of thedisease. While significant progress has been made in understanding the clinical and genetic characteristics of this subtype, there is still much to learn. Continued research is needed to better understand the underlying biology of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL and develop more effective treatments for these patientsIn conclusion, TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive ALL is a high-risk subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia that requires further research to better understand its underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms. Developing more effective treatments for patients with this subtype is crucial to improving outcomes and survival rates。

光光转换效率英文介绍光光转换效率英文是指太阳能电池将光能转化为电能的效率。

在太阳能领域，光光转换效率是一个重要的指标，影响着太阳能电池的实际应用和经济效益。

光光转换效率的提高可以有效地提高太阳能电池的性能和产能，加速太阳能产业的发展。

本文将详细探讨光光转换效率的英文表达，包括相关术语和常用表述。

术语及表述在讨论光光转换效率英文之前，先介绍一些与光光转换效率相关的术语： 1. Photovoltaic conversion efficiency：光伏转换效率 2. Incident light：入射光 3. Absorption：吸收 4. Electron-hole pair：电子空穴对 5. Exciton：激子 6. Charge carrier：载流子 7. Energy band gap：能带间隙 8. Open-circuit voltage：开路电压 9. Short-circuit current：短路电流 10. Fill factor：填充因子 11. Power conversion efficiency：功率转换效率光光转换效率的影响因素光光转换效率受多种因素的影响，下面将逐一介绍这些因素及其英文表述。

材料选择1.Band gap engineering：能带调控2.Semiconducting material：半导体材料3.Absorption coefficient：吸收系数4.Doping concentration：掺杂浓度结构设计1.Surface texture：表面处理2.Anti-reflection coating：抗反射涂层3.Tandem structure：串联结构4.Multi-junction solar cells：多结太阳能电池光学特性1.Quantum efficiency：量子效率2.Reflectance：反射率3.Transmittance：透过率4.Light trapping：光捕获电子输运1.Mobility：迁移率2.Diffusion length：扩散长度3.Recombination：复合4.Tunneling effect：隧穿效应界面特性1.Heterojunction：异质结2.Contact resistance：接触电阻3.Interface trap density：界面态密度4.Passivation：表面钝化设备参数1.Open-circuit voltage：开路电压2.Short-circuit current：短路电流3.Fill factor：填充因子4.Power conversion efficiency：功率转换效率提高光光转换效率的方法在太阳能电池领域，提高光光转换效率是一个持续的研究方向。

2021乙醇对谷氨酸棒杆菌EGFP表达和生长的作用范文 摘要：　谷氨酸棒杆菌是一种传统的工业微生物。

为研究乙醇对谷氨酸棒杆菌表达外源蛋白的影响, 将组成型表达增强绿色荧光蛋白 (enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) 的谷氨酸棒杆菌接入含有不同浓度乙醇的培养基中培养, 发现低浓度 (1%) 乙醇在被利用的过程中可以显着提高菌体的单位荧光强度。

将乙醇与常见的几种营养物质进行了对比, 发现乙醇在促进菌体生长以及蛋白表达方面表现更好。

此外, 根据乙醇被利用时异柠檬酸裂合酶 (Isocitrate lyase, ICL) 被强烈诱导的特性构建了一个表达能力较强、诱导效果较好的自诱导表达载体。

关键词：　谷氨酸棒杆菌;乙醇; 蛋白表达; 碳源; Abstract：　Corynebacteriumglutamicum is a traditional industrial microorganism. In order to study the influence of ethanol on the expression of exogenous protein in Corynebacterium glutamicum, the strain that can constitutively express the enhanced green fluorescent protein ( EGFP) was inoculated into the culture medium containing different concentrations of ethanol, and it was found that the unit fluorescence intensity could be significantly elevated in the process of the utilization of low concentration ( 1%) ethanol. Here we also demonstrated that ethanol had better performances both in cell growth and protein production compared with several common nutrients.In addition, an auto-inducible expression vector with high expression ability and inducible rate was constructed according to the strong induction of the isocitrate lyase ( ICL) in the presence of ethanol utilization. Keyword：　Corynebacteriumglutamicum; ethanol; protein expression; carbon source; 谷氨酸棒杆菌是一种兼性厌氧的革兰氏阳性工业微生物，广泛用于一些有机酸的合成[1]。