高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
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英语阅读理解不认识单词怎么办?这8个猜词技巧一定要掌握!在英语学习中,阅读理解是许多学生感到挑战的环节。
其中一个难题就是遇到不认识的单词。
这时,掌握一些猜词技巧就显得尤为重要。
下面为大家介绍8个实用的猜词技巧,帮助大家更好地应对阅读中的生词问题。
首先,我们要学会利用上下文线索。
在阅读过程中,上下文往往能给我们提供很多关于生词的信息。
通过阅读前后文,我们可以猜测生词的大致含义。
例如,如果生词出现在一个物品的描述中,我们可以尝试根据其他已知词汇来推断这个生词可能表示的物品特征。
其次,词根词缀法也是一个有效的猜词方法。
许多英语单词都有词根和词缀,通过了解这些词根和词缀的含义,我们可以更好地理解生词。
例如,单词"invisible",它的词根是"vis",表示看得见,而词缀"-ible"表示可……的,因此我们可以推断出"invisible"表示看不见的。
同类词汇比较也是猜词的好方法。
在阅读中,如果遇到不认识的形容词或副词,我们可以尝试寻找与之同类的已知词汇,从而推测其含义。
例如,如果我们不知道"exquisite"这个单词的意思,可以找到与之同类的词汇如"beautiful"、"fine"等,从而猜测出其表示精美、精致的意思。
此外,我们还可以运用常识判断。
在某些情况下,生词的含义与我们的生活常识相符。
例如,在读到一篇关于太空的文章时,遇到一个表示宇宙飞船的生词,我们可以根据常识判断出它的意思。
语法判断也是一个实用的技巧。
有些生词在句子中担任特定角色,如动词、名词等。
通过了解句子结构和生词在句子中的作用,我们可以推测出其含义。
例如,如果生词在一个句子中作谓语,那么它很可能是一个表示动作的动词。
图片或图表辅助法在阅读理解中也很实用。
有些文章会配有图片或图表,通过观察这些视觉辅助材料,我们可以更好地理解生词的含义。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测方法高考英语阅读理解词义猜测方法语言是交流工具,英语无疑是这个世界上最重要的交流工具。
下面小编准备了高考英语阅读理解词义猜测方法,希望你喜欢。
推测生词或短语的意义阅读理解题中所设置的词义猜测类题多是对生词、短语、指示代词的猜测。
一方面,命题者要求考生所猜测的单词或短语可能是已学过的或是考生较熟悉的,但高考所考查的是不太常见的意思;另一方面命题者要求考生所猜测的单词或短语可能是考生没有学过的。
此时,对单词或短语的猜测不要停留在字面上,要根据语境来判断。
考生可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义,或通过上下文尤其是生词所在的`句子以及其前后两句话猜测词义。
还可以通过联想进行推测,即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写与该生词类似的词。
常用的几种猜词方法如下:1.利用副词或连词的转折、因果等关系有些词虽然不能直接猜测出其意义,但在上下文中能找到一些与之具有对比关系的[JP3]词,通过了解这些词的意义,就可以推断出所考查词的意思。
考生通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生词的词义了。
还可以通过近义词或反义词提供的信息猜测生词的词义。
俗话说,"有因必有果,有果必有因"。
根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。
如because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词;so是连接表示结果状语从句的连词;so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词。
当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中,考生通过因果关系,依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。
2.构词法(此法亦是记忆单词之妙法)合成法。
合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。
遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜测词义。
英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词等。
合成形容词的构成方法如下:(1)形容词+现在分词,如good-looking好看的;(2)副词+现在分词,如hard-working辛勤的,工作努力的;(3)名词+现在分词,如peace-loving爱好和平的;(4)名词+过去分词,如state-owned国有的。
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义,是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。
英语词语的意义非常丰富,语境不同,词义也就不同。
所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。
I.根据上下文语境进行猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,也是高考的热点。
如:例1.(2002年全国卷,B篇)“Organic produce is always better,”Gold said,“The food is free of pesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text?A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text?A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习:1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.(二)根据定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读文章,尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子,如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in otherwords等,有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括号来表示,这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。
英语阅读中的猜词技巧英语阅读中的猜词技巧在英语阅读中,我们自然会遇到许多生词。
下面是店铺分享的英语阅读中的猜词技巧,欢迎大家阅读!一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。
这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。
1.根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例如:Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知,anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。
定义句的谓语动词多为:be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent,signify,constitute等。
2.根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。
复述部分可以是适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语,例如:Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。
该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
英语阅读理解不认识单词怎么办?这8个猜词技巧一定要掌握!在英语学习中,阅读理解是许多学生感到困惑和挑战的环节。
其中,遇到不认识的单词是阅读过程中的常见问题。
为了更好地解决这一问题,这里为大家介绍8个实用的猜词技巧,帮助大家提高英语阅读能力。
一、上下文线索在阅读过程中,关注上下文信息,尤其是前置词、介词、连词等,可以帮助我们了解单词在句子中的角色和含义。
例如,当句子中出现“although”、“though”等转折连词时,前后句意思可能存在转折关系,这时可以根据已知词汇推测不认识单词的词义。
二、词根词缀法词根词缀法是根据单词的构成部分来猜测词义。
了解常见的词根、词缀及其含义,可以帮助我们分析生词的基本含义。
例如,单词“interact”(互动),我们可以分析出“inter-”(相互)+“act”(行动)→ 相互行动,即互动。
三、同类词汇归纳法在阅读中,可以根据已知词汇的类别,归纳出陌生单词的可能类别。
例如,已知“dog”(狗)、“cat”(猫)等词汇,可以推测出“puppy”(小狗)、“kitten”(小猫)等生词的含义。
四、反义词推测法根据已知词汇的反义词,可以推测生词的词义。
例如,已知“old”(老)为“young”(年轻)的反义词,那么遇到“senior”(高级)时,可以猜测其与“junior”(初级)为反义关系。
五、常识判断法在阅读过程中,可以根据生活常识和所学知识来判断生词的含义。
例如,在描述食物的文章中,遇到“baguette”(法棍面包)这个生词,可以根据法国美食的常识来判断其词义。
六、语法分析法分析句子结构和语法规则,可以帮助我们了解生词在句子中的作用。
例如,当生词位于名词所有格或双重所有格时,可以猜测其为某个名词的属性或所有物。
七、联系生活实际法将生词与现实生活中的事物、情境相联系,可以帮助我们更好地理解词义。
例如,在学习科技文章时,遇到“nanometer”(纳米)这个生词,可以联系生活中的纳米材料、纳米技术等实际例子来推测其含义。
高考英语阅读猜词义十法近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生的猜词悟义能力的考查,一般有三个小题是直接考查猜词义,再加上阅读过程中碰到的生僻词汇,使得许多同学对阅读理解产生畏惧心理。
其实,阅读理解中的许多“生词”都是我们平时常见的熟词通过合成、加词缀转化而成的,学生可灵活运用猜词技巧,联系上下文猜出其意思。
1、通过构词法猜测词义构词法是中学生必须掌握的语法项目之一,1999年,《考试说明》首次将它作为附表列出。
平时同学们进行阅读训练时,要加强对构词法知识的实践,熟悉常见后缀的含义及派生、合成、转化法的特点,确定所构词的词性和语义。
例如:With their shining brown eyes ,wagging tails ,and unconditional love ,dogs can provide the nonjudgemental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(NMET2003,B篇)初看起来,unconditionnal和nonjudgemental非常生疏,细心观察,前者是condition加前缀un ,加后缀al而成,那就是“无条件的、绝对的”,后者是judge 加前缀non,加后缀ment,再加后缀al而成的,其意思一定是:没有判断力的。
2、通过文中的定义猜测词义定义解释形式多种多样,有定语从句、同位语、并列句、英语释义法,有时用that is (to say),similarly, namely, in other words 等引出来,以补充说明。
NMET05阅读理解A篇中的external fat (fat under the skin)和internal fat ( fat inside the body wall ) 就是采用英语释义法,考查学生直接用英语思维的能力。
在They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have back bones.一句中,从后半部分可以知道vetebrates的意思是“脊椎动物”。
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧导语:阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
下面就由小编为大家介绍高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧,大家一起去学习吧!猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典,查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力,而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查,因此,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
这种题常见的提问方式有:The word “…” in paragraph … can best be replaced by … ….The underlined word “…” most probably means ….By saying “…”, the author means …The expression “…” is closest to …According to the passage, the phrase “…” suggests …The underlined part “… …” (in Para. … ) means …..做这种类型的题,要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。
因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生,我们要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境想当然。
猜测词义时,一般可利用以下三个方面的线索:一.针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体,所使用的语言通俗易懂,利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义(definition)猜测词义如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义,那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
高中英语阅读理解----词义猜测技巧与训练(一)以定义或定语从句为线索猜测词义mean(意指),refer to(指的是),be defined as (被定义为),be known as (被称为),be called (被称为),或者直接给出be例在很多情况下,定语从句直接给出了某一生词的定义,所以,以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法。
例1:The scientists who study insects are called entomologists.分析:根据定语从句提供的线索可以猜出entomologists意为:昆虫学家。
例2:Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people; one player tried to get the other down on the floor.分析:通过后面的定义解释:Wrestling是“两人进行的,彼此尽力把对方弄倒在地的比赛”,可以猜出wrestling是“摔跤”。
例3:He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.分析:此句中,who 引导的定语从句对生词“prestidigitator”给出了非常清楚的定义或解释,根据这一定义,读者不难猜出presitidigitator 的词义。
能从帽子里拉出兔子、吞火何玩其他类似的把戏的人不就是变戏法的人吗?因此,“prestidigitator”一词的词义就应是“变戏法者”。
(二)以例举为线索猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,表示列举关系的信号词有: like, for example, for instance, such as, include, consist of, 等。
英语高考猜词策略猜测词义在英语高考中起到至关重要的作用,以下几种策略在英语学习中经常应用,才能潜移默化地让学生们掌握更多的词汇。
一.定义法1. It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is,or,that is (to say), in other words,be called,be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示二.根据构词法:合成、派生(前缀、后缀)、转化等1 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence2. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工三.根据同义词,反义词关系1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.2. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.3. In many nations there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.小结:and ,or ,such as, like,for example, for instance常连接同义词组。
教案【答案与解析】1.C under-estimate是一个派生词,根据构词法知识,under-estimate是在动词estimate前加上前缀under-(在……以下,低于……),因而under-estimate应该表示“低估”。
2.B workout是一个复合名词,它是由短语动词work out转换来的名词,短语动词work out用作及物动词性质,含有“解决, 设计出,计算出”,用作不及物性质,表示“锻炼,消耗完”,而名词workout也应该具有这些含义,根据单词所在句意分析可知这里表示“锻炼”,类似构成形式还有如break through→breakthrough(突破),break out→breakout(爆发),take off→takeoff(起飞), come in→income(收入),put out→output(输出,产出),stand out→outstanding(出类拔萃的,杰出的)等。
3.A vertebrates的含义,就可以根据后面which means these animals have a bony skeleton to surpport their bodies句子来分析理解其含义为“脊椎动物”因此答案选A项。
4.D spontaneous的含义可以根据该单词后面rather than planned in advance分析spontaneous与planned in advance相反,表示“没被计划过的,没有预先计划安排的” 因此答案选D项。
5.C pseudonym的含义可以通常对美国作家O. Henry所了解的文学常识来猜测,我们知道O Henry 是William Sydney Porter发表作品时所用的笔名,因此这里的生词pseudonym应该表示“笔名”。
6.A netgain 含义可以通过上下文内容中所提供的线索和暗示来判断,前面提到的lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs以及the state had a net gain of two million jobs句意分析可知其含义为“净增加”。
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation)Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc.举例:Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽), or young leaves of trees.(B)The word "pruning" means______A. Regular cutting(修剪)of the plantsB. Frequent wateringC. Regular use of chemicalsD. Growing the plants high in the mountain2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)举例:1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today."ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat)2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short."adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood)3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)Signal words:for example ,for instance,such as ,like,as---as,etc.举例:The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C)The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____.A. cars in the makingB. car rental firmsC. cars for rentD. car makers4.利用举例(from examples)Signal words: as, like, the same as,unlike, but,however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect.举例:1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘)with the wind like feathers.2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)(1)Overwork may cause diseases.over(过分的、过量的)+work=overwork“工作过度”。
高考英语阅读理解猜词十法,英语议论文写作技巧高考英语阅读理解猜词十法1.构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。
如:unforeseeable.这个词,可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able;其中 see 是词根,fore是“先,前,预”的含义,un是否定,able是“能……的,可……的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
2.利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构,这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分,并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,甚至推出它的大致词义。
3.利用反义词猜词对比是描述,说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中,对比的事物是互为相反的,因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义,如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等,在句内词与词之间,在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
4.利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
特别提醒:在做英语阅读理解题时,一定要注意熟词生义!这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。
熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。
原因有三:其一,高考对生词的数量有数量的规定,不得超过3%;其二,熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解;其三,熟词生义的数量没有限制。
如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多,那就更难理解了。
5.利用定义和解释猜词有些文章,特别是科技文章,通常会对一些关键词给予定义,我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
关于英语阅读理解中的十种猜词法由于近年来高考英语阅读理解题在许多情况下对考纲外的生词不夹注中文,尤其是高考英语还经常直接对猜测生词词义设题,有时甚至还占有较高的比例,所以考生学会如何巧妙地根据文章所提供信息来猜测生词是很有必要的。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测生词词义的方法。
1.定义法定义法,即根据文章中的定义关系确定生词的词义。
如:(1)A glacier is a river of rice.句义表明glacier 的意思是“冰河”。
(2)A linguist is a person who studies the science of language.Linguist 就是一个“研究语言科学的人”,即“语言学家”。
2.释义法释义法,即根据文章中提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。
如:(1) They described him as a loom, or a foolish man.句中的or 是对loom 的解释,即 loom 与a foolish man 同义,即表示“笨蛋”。
(2) They are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow which is somewhat dry and feathery.定语从句 that is somewhat dry and feathery(有点儿干,像羽毛似的)表明fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鹅毛大雪”。
3.同位法同位法是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释,若对所修饰的词语不熟悉,可通过其后面同位语的“说明或解释”来确定词义。
如:(1) His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of sounds of language.同位语 the study of sounds of language 表示phonetics 的意思是“语言学”。
英语阅读中的猜词技巧一、巧设语境,传授新知。
一说起猜词技巧,同学或多或少知道一些。
但是,在做题时他们还是不知所措。
归根结底,是因为他们只知道猜词的理论而缺乏施行。
猜词能力的培养是一个潜移默化的过程,所以我们要充分利用每一个机会,巧设语境,让同学在具体的施行中体会猜词的技巧,从而提升其猜词的能力。
例如,讲授新词汇时,不要先告诉同学该词汇的意思,而是利用同学所熟悉的其它词汇和句型构造一个语言环境,让他们在此语言环境中去推测新词的意思。
同学要想准确猜出词意,必须充分注意并综合例句中的其它信息,然后进行联想、推断。
这样一来,在培养同学猜词能力的同时,还激发了同学的学习兴趣,培养同学的动脑能力,也有效地复习了其它单词、短语或句型。
这样一举"四得',何乐而不为呢?二、充分利用课本培养同学的猜词能力。
课本是同学学习的主要内容,充分利用课本会收到事倍功半的效果。
依据新教材的编排特点,各单元都有两篇阅读文章。
正确引导同学在课文的语言环境中理解和推测词意是培养同学猜词能力的有效途径之一。
三、强化针对性的实战学习。
课本上的文章和考试试卷上的文章还是有差别的。
为了让同学能适应考试的题型,在平常还要多进行针对性的学习。
高考试题的水平是很高的,做高考试题中的猜词题关于同学来说是一个很好的锻炼机会。
充分利用高考试卷,进行实战演练,总结得失,以便更好地掌握和运用猜词技巧。
2如何培养同学在英语阅读中的猜词能力一、阅读能力和猜词能力阅读理解能力是语言综合能力的一种,以阅读速度和阅读准确性两个方面为主要表现。
阅读速度细化为对词义的掌握、分辨词汇的能力、识别词语时的目光幅度及其他因素。
阅读的准确性是检验阅读能力的指标,是推断阅读能力凹凸的标准。
无论是阅读速度还是阅读准确性都受到词汇量的制衡。
但是在同等词汇量的状况下,猜词能力强的同学可以较为顺利的完成阅读任务。
反之不会猜词,碰到生词就习惯看单词表查字典的同学不能完成阅读理解。
高考英语词义猜测与推理技巧高考英语中,词义猜测与推理是考查学生英语语境理解能力的重要环节。
通过猜测生词的意义,推理出文章的隐含信息,不仅可以提高阅读理解的得分,也有助于提升语言运用的能力。
下面将介绍几种常用的词义猜测和推理技巧,帮助考生在高考英语中取得好成绩。
一、上下文猜测法上下文猜测法是最常见的词义猜测技巧之一。
在阅读理解中,我们可以根据上下文提供的信息,来推测生词或短语的含义。
例如:"Although John was exhausted, he pushed himself to finish the race."根据上下文,我们可以猜测 "exhausted" 意思是 "非常疲惫的",因为他还要完成比赛。
二、同义替换法有时候,文章中的一些生词可以通过替换同义词或近义词的方式进行猜测。
同义替换法要求考生具备基本的词汇积累和扩展能力。
例如:"The famous actor appeared at the premiere of his latest film."根据上下文,我们可以猜测 "premiere" 的意思是 "首映式",因为有"film" 的出现。
三、词根词缀法英语中很多单词都有明显的词根和词缀,词根词缀法通过分析词根和词缀的含义,来推测生词的意思。
例如:"The patient is suffering from amnesia."在这个句子中,我们可以从 "amnesia" 这个词中找到 "a-" 和 "-nesia",分别表示 "没有" 和 "记忆"。
综合起来,我们可以猜测 "amnesia" 的意思是 "失忆症"。
英语阅读理解不认识单词怎么办?这8个猜词技巧一定要掌握!摘要:一、问题提出:英语阅读中遇到不认识单词的困扰二、解决方案:掌握8个猜词技巧1.上下文线索2.词根词缀分析3.同类词汇比较4.反义词推测5.常识判断6.语境中的语法分析7.经验法则8.猜测词义练习三、总结:灵活运用猜词技巧,提高英语阅读能力正文:在英语阅读过程中,遇到不认识的单词是很常见的问题。
为了更好地理解文章内容,我们需要掌握一些猜词技巧。
以下是8个实用的猜词方法,帮助你在阅读中克服词汇障碍。
1.上下文线索:阅读时要注意上下文中的线索,如前置词、介词、连词等,它们能帮助你理解生词在句子中的作用和意义。
2.词根词缀分析:通过了解单词的词根和词缀,可以推测生词的大致含义。
例如,词根“trans-”表示“跨越”,加上前缀“pre-”形成“pretransport”,意为“预先运输”。
3.同类词汇比较:找出生词的同类词汇,对比它们的意义,可以猜测生词的含义。
例如,在阅读中遇到“vehicle”,可以将其与“car”、“bus”等同类词汇进行比较,推测其意为“交通工具”。
4.反义词推测:寻找与生词意义相反的词汇,可以推测生词的含义。
例如,在文章中遇到“fat”,可以猜测其反义词“thin”,从而了解生词“obese”的意思。
5.常识判断:根据生活常识和已有知识,判断生词的意义。
例如,在阅读关于太空的文章时,遇到“module”,可以判断其为“太空舱”。
6.语境中的语法分析:分析句子结构和语法规则,判断生词的词性。
如判断生词“incredible”是形容词,因为它修饰名词“story”。
7.经验法则:根据个人经验和常识,猜测生词的意义。
例如,在阅读关于美食的文章时,遇到“cuisine”,可以猜测其为“烹饪”或“美食”。
8.猜测词义练习:通过不断练习,提高猜测生词的能力。
可以尝试阅读一些难度适中的英文文章,边阅读边猜测生词含义。
总之,在英语阅读中遇到不认识的单词时,不要急于查阅词典。
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义,是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。
英语词语的意义非常丰富,语境不同,词义也就不同。
所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。
I.根据上下文语境进行猜测例1.(2002年全国卷,B篇)“Organic produce is always better,”Gold said,“The food is free of pesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text?A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text?A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习:1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second是one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.(二)根据定义或解释猜测词义1.(2006年福建卷,A篇) The schools are reluctant to take time off--even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.59.The underlined word“reluctant”in the passage may probably mean_______.A. kindB. unwillingC. freeD. careless2.Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.练习:1.Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.2.The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play.3.Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.4.The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.5.Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing.6.A person who has the SARS (非典型肺炎)may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature. (三)根据反义词或反义关系例如:One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.A. Quite right.B. Time enough.C. Most unlike.D. Just the opposite.练习:1.Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous.2. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories.3. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented.4. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.(四). 根据同义词或近义词关系练习:1.Not every historic mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.2.We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.3.Their friends laughed at them, and my sister felt wretched, very unhappy.(五)根据构词法猜测词义例如:Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.练习:1.Iran quake leaves city flattened.2.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?3.The aging of population will affect American society in many ways----education, medicine and business.(六)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story.And even if they start again,Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.“We have more important things to do,”he said.52.The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.A. criminalsB. pigeonsC. the stolen carsD. demands for money(七)利用例证性线索You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.练习:1.Many United Nations emloyees are polyglots: Mr.Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.2.The largest player---Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices---Deluxe Sedans, Minivans, Station Wagons, Coaches, Santana Sedans are the big favorite.3.When writing an article, we often use similes, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”.(八)根据转折、因果关系进行猜测例如:(2005年北京卷,D篇)However obvious these facts may appear at first glance,they are actully not so obvious as they seem expect when we take special pains to think about the subject.71.In paragraph 3,“take special pains”probably means“_____”.A.try very hardB.take our timeC.are very unhappyD.feel especially painful实战练习:2006年安徽卷 C…Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. …If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.64. By describing lions as “opportunist” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions____.A. are cruel animalsB. are clever animalsC. like to take advantage of other animalsD. like to take every chance to eat2006年上海卷C…Analyzing the law of the talion---an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth---William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back.”73. The word “talion” in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of______.A. medicineB. tradeC. avengingD. striving2006年天津卷 CSome children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. …“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” said Russell Barkley, a professor…44. The underlined phrase “inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means _____.A. inborn natureB. developed characterC. accepted theoryD. particular environment 2006年湖南卷 E…When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American cultural life, trying hard to follow every new development, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.71. The underlined sentence in Paragragh 1 means Sontag _____.A. was a symbol of American cultural lifeB. developed world literature, film and artC. published many essays about world cultured.D. kept pace with the newest development of world culture72.The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists.The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____.A. cars in the makingB. car rental firmsC. cars for rentD. car makersI feel that since you are my superior(上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .A.full of respect B.rude and too confidentC.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet73. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don't understand something, they say so.The word "audience" in the paragraph means ____.A. studentsB. people who watch a playC. people who act on the stageD. people who listen to something74. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药)was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective(无效的).The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______Attracted the customers stronglyHad weak effects on the customersTricked the customers into shoppingCaused the customers to lose interest75.. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes ."hazard" means ___________________A. pleasure,B. problem,C. danger,D. attraction76. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or societyThe underlined phrase "the most vocal" means______A. Those who try their best to winB. Those who value competition most highlyC.Those who are against competition most stronglyD. Those who rely on others most for success。