An Updated Analysis on Atmospheric Neutrinos
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基线8800PID可溶性有机物分析仪说明书
Baseline, the reference pointfrom which all things are measured.Baseline -™Model 8800 PIDV olatile Organic V apor AnalyzerA NALYZERThe Model 8800 PID is a member of the extraordinary Series 8800 family of gas analyzers. The Series 8800 is the candidate of choice whenever accurate,reliable hydrocarbon and VOC analysis is required. Series 8800 analyzers pro-vide nearly limitless flexibility and offer continuous, fully automated gas analysis over a broad range of concentrations.With an incredible dynamic range from 10 ppb to 1%, the Model 8800 PIDis designed to analyze hundreds ofvolatile organic compounds and various other gases. The analyzer has a generous complement of analog, digital, and logic output capabilities with room to expand.These features place the instrument well ahead of the competition in performance,automation, and configurability.The analyzer is based on a photoion-ization detector (PID) that delivers the sample gas to an ultraviolet light or lamp.The energy emitted by the lamp ionizes the targeted gases in the sample to a point where they can be detected by theinstrument and reported as aconcentration.Many chemicals can be detected by photoionization. Contact your sales representative for a complete listing.The Model 8800 PID is relatively humidity insensitive and can be con-figured with internal components for a single or multipoint analysis of non-condensing gas samples. The automatic calibration feature enhances the long-term analytical stability of the instrument.ApplicationsThe Model 8800 PID is designed tocontinuously monitor hundreds of volatile organic compounds and various other gases in a non-condensing sample stream.This extremely versatile instrument can be configured to support a variety of applica-tions, such as:•Industrial hygiene & safety monitoring •Fugitive emissions•Fenceline (perimeter) monitoring around industrial sites•Carbon bed breakthrough detection •Paint spray booth recirculated air •Solvent vapor monitoring for cleaning and degreasing processes•Low level VOC’s in a process using inert gasesFeatures•VOC detection from sub-ppm to 10,000ppm levels•Automatic calibration at user-defined intervals•Virtual analog ranges programmable from 1.0 ppm - 1% full scale•Programmable relays for alarms, events and diagnostics•Remote operation via RS-485, RS-232•Back-pressure regulator with sample bypass system ensures fast response•Internal multipoint sampling option •Discrete, multilevel concentration & fault alarms•Quick connect terminal block for electrical connectionsP.O. Box 649, Lyons, CO 80540In the continental United States, phone 800.321.4665, or fax 800.848.6464, toll free.Worldwide, phone 303.823.6661 or fax 303.823.5151•URL:•E-mail:****************************Represented by:Baseline -Baseline -Model 8800 PIDV olatile Organic V apor AnalyzerSpeci cationsS AMPLING Internal, single or multipoint modules, with or without sample pump(s),for prefiltered (≤ 0.1 microns), non-condensing samplesC ALIBRATION Programmable automatic, or manual (with internal selection valves)D ETECTORPhotoionization detector (PID)Lamp Energies: 10.6 eV (life span > 6000 hrs), 11.7 eV (life span ≈ 140 hrs).MDQMinimum detectable quantity: < 0.1 ppm (as isobutylene), < 0.1 ppm (as benzene).Q UENCHING Signal quenching due to moisture: < 30% at 95% R.H. and 23° Celsius.R ANGEAnalogVirtual range with software selectable endpoints provides full-scale ranges from 1.0 ppm – 1% (as isobutylene)Digital Display auto-ranges from 1.0 ppm to 1% (as isobutylene)L INEARITY Linear range: 0 – 10,000 ppm (isobutylene). Accurate to ± 1 ppm or ±15% of reading, whichever is greater.D RIFTSample dependent. Zero: < 0.1 ppm (as isobutylene) over 24 hours.Span: 100 ppm isobutylene, < 3 % over 24 hours.R ESPONSE T IME Isobutylene: < 6 Seconds to 90% of final readingA LARMSMultilevel concentration, average concentration and faultAudible Horn:Sounducer,**********************************/disabledfor keypad input, fault, and alarms.O UTPUTAnalog1 (standard) to 15 analog 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA loop power supplied, iso-lated outputs or optional 0-1V , 0-5V or 0-10V isolated outputs. Selectable for concentration, temperature or flow (fuel, air or sample).DigitalStandard: RS-485 output (RS-232 option)R ELAYS 5 (standard) to 15 programmable (Latched/Not, NO/NC) contact closures (1A@30V max). Selectable for: alarm thresholds or events (calibration,fault, or sample location).P HYSICALDimensions: 19.00" W x 8.75" H x 16.00" D (48.26 cm W x 22.23 cm H x 40.64 D). Nominal weight: 30 lb (13.64 kg).C ONFIGURATION Bench-top or rack-mount (19" panel)D ISPLAY Digital vacuum fluorescent, 20 characters x 2 lines P OWER90-120 V AC or optional 210-230 VAC, 50/60HzO PERATING C ONDITIONSTemperature: 32-104 °F (0-40 °C). Humidity: 0-95%, non-condensing.G AS S PECIFICATIONSSpan Isobutylene, or as required by applicationConnections 1/4" O.D. Tube fitting connectors (1/8", 4 mm, and other options)Options & AccessoriesS AMPLERSInternal multipoint modules, available in 4-point or 8-point configurations,with or without internal sample pump(s)E NCLOSURES General purpose, X-purged or Z-purged Expansion BoardsAnalog Provides 4 or 10 additional programmable 4-20 mA outputs, with sampleread & holdRelay Provides up to 10 additional programmable relays C ALIBRATION G AS Zero and span gases for a variety of applicationsI NSTRUMENT C ONSOLEThe Series 8800 frontpanel features a bright vacuum fluorescent display and keypad. Mostoperating parameters are setvia the keypad.The display identifies all sample locations and specifies the unit of concentration & reference equivalent.Flashing alarm codes report the active alarm location, while flashing fault codes report lamp ortemperature anomalies.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题I am prepared to make some（） on minor details, but I cannot compromise on fundamentals. 问题1选项A.confessionB.concessionC.concordD.consent【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
confession “忏悔；告解”；concession “让步；特许（权）”；concord “和谐；和睦；一致”；consent “准许；同意”。
句意：在一些细节上我准备做出一些______，但是在原则上我不会妥协。
根据句意可知选项B符合题意。
2.单选题（） we continue to work hard, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.问题1选项A.As soon asB.As far asC.So long asD.So far as【答案】C【解析】考察固定搭配。
as soon as 一…就；as far as至于；so far as到目前为止； so long as “只要”，句意：我们只要继续努力工作，就能在计划之前完成工作。
选项C符合句意。
3.单选题I looked at Mum and thought（） she was as nice as she looked maybe all our lives would have been better.问题1选项A.only ifB.if onlyC.even ifD.even though【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。
only if只有；even if = even though即使；if only “要是……就”；句意为：我注视着母亲，心想：要是她像看上去那么和蔼可亲就好了，这样我们的生活也许会变得更好。
高二英语英语学术论文写作单选题30题答案解析版
高二英语英语学术论文写作单选题30题答案解析版1.In academic writing, it is important to be _______ in presenting your arguments.A.preciseB.vagueC.casualD.hasty答案：A。
在学术写作中，精确地呈现你的论点很重要。
选项B“vague”（ 模糊的）不符合学术写作要求；选项C“casual”（ 随意的）和选项D“hasty” 匆忙的）也不适合学术写作的严谨性。
2.When writing an academic paper, you should avoid using _______ language.A.colloquialB.formalC.technicalD.sophisticated答案：A。
写学术论文时，应避免使用口语化的语言。
选项B“formal”正式的）、选项C“technical”专业的）和选项D“sophisticated”（复杂的）在学术写作中有其特定用途，而口语化语言不适合学术写作。
3.A good academic paper is characterized by its _______ analysis.A.superficialB.thoroughC.hastyD.cursory答案：B。
一篇好的学术论文以其全面的分析为特点。
选项A“superficial”（ 肤浅的）、选项C“hasty”（ 匆忙的）和选项D“cursory” 粗略的）都不能体现学术论文的高质量分析。
4.In academic writing, you should use _______ sources to support your arguments.A.reliableB.dubiousC.unreliableD.questionable答案：A。
在学术写作中，你应该使用可靠的来源来支持你的论点。
2009年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Drink coffee when you’re sleepy; it’s a good ______ and will help to keep you awake.A．incentiveB．promptC．stimulusD．appetite正确答案：C解析：本题答案是C。
C项stimulus意为“刺激物，促进因素”。
其他三项词义：incentive意为“刺激；鼓励”；prompt意为“催促，提醒”；appetite意为“食欲；胃口”。
2．Nearly 1,000 people are presumed dead as chances______of finding more survivors from the sunken Egyptian ferry.A．bubbleB．dwindleC．swayD．shiver正确答案：B解析：本题答案是B。
B项dwindle意为“减少，缩小”。
其他三项词义：bubble 意为“起泡，潺潺地流”；sway意为“摇摆，摇动”；shiver意为“打冷战，发抖”。
3．The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to______, viewing himself as a character in it.A．take upB．take onC．take offD．take over正确答案：D解析：本题答案是D。
晋中初三英语试题及答案
晋中初三英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does the word "environment" mean?A. 环境B. 能源C. 经济D. 教育答案：A2. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A. Solar energyB. Wind energyC. Nuclear energyD. Hydro energy答案：C3. According to the passage, which of the following is the most important?A. Protecting the environmentB. Developing technologyC. Saving energyD. Increasing production答案：A4. What is the main idea of the text?A. The importance of saving water.B. The importance of protecting the environment.C. The importance of renewable energy.D. The importance of reducing pollution.答案：B5. What does the author suggest we should do?A. Stop using fossil fuels.B. Use more renewable energy.C. Plant more trees.D. Recycle more materials.答案：B6. What is the best title for the passage?A. The EnvironmentB. Renewable EnergyC. Saving EnergyD. Protecting the Environment答案：D7. Which of the following is the correct order of the steps to solve the problem mentioned in the text?A. Identify the problem - Analyze the causes - Find solutions - Implement the solutionsB. Analyze the causes - Identify the problem - Find solutions - Implement the solutionsC. Find solutions - Identify the problem - Analyze the causes - Implement the solutionsD. Implement the solutions - Analyze the causes - Identify the problem - Find solutions答案：A8. What is the author's attitude towards the problem discussed in the text?A. OptimisticB. PessimisticC. NeutralD. Concerned答案：D9. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To informB. To persuadeC. To entertainD. To describe答案：B10. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using renewable energy mentioned in the text?A. Reduces pollutionB. Saves non-renewable resourcesC. Creates jobsD. Increases global warming答案：D二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The Earth's surface is about ________ covered by water. 答案：70%12. The average temperature of the Earth has risen by about ________ degrees Celsius in the past 100 years.答案：0.613. One of the main causes of air pollution is the burning of ________.答案：fossil fuels14. Recycling can help reduce ________ and save energy.答案：waste15. The use of public transportation can help reduce ________ emissions.答案：carbon16. Many countries are investing in ________ energy to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels.答案：renewable17. Planting trees can help absorb ________ dioxide from the atmosphere.答案：carbon18. The ozone layer protects the Earth from the harmful effects of ________ radiation.答案：ultraviolet19. Many animals are becoming endangered due to ________ habitat loss.答案：their20. Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs by ________ natural resources.答案：conserving三、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
高三英语学术文章单选题50题
高三英语学术文章单选题50题1. In the scientific research paper, the term "hypothesis" is closest in meaning to _.A. theoryB. experimentC. conclusionD. assumption答案：D。
解析：“hypothesis”的意思是假设，假定。
“assumption”也表示假定，假设，在学术语境中，当提出一个假设来进行研究时，这两个词意思相近。
“theory”指理论，是经过大量研究和论证后的成果；“experiment”是实验，是验证假设或理论的手段；“conclusion”是结论，是研究之后得出的结果，所以选D。
2. The historical article mentioned "feudal system", which refers to _.A. democratic systemB. hierarchical social systemC. capitalist systemD. modern political system答案：B。
解析：“feudal system”是封建制度，它是一种等级森严的社会制度。
“democratic system”是民主制度；“capitalist system”是资本主义制度；“modern political system”是现代政治制度，与封建制度完全不同概念，所以选B。
3. In a literary review, "metaphor" is a figure of speech that _.A. gives human qualities to non - human thingsB. compares two different things without using "like" or "as"C. uses exaggeration to emphasize a pointD. repeats the same sound at the beginning of words答案：B。
高三英语科学前沿动态引人关注单选题30题(带答案)
高三英语科学前沿动态引人关注单选题30题(带答案)1.Scientists are studying a new kind of material that can resist high temperatures. The word “resist” in this sentence means _____.A.acceptB.preventC.encourageD.allow答案：B。
“resist”在这里的意思是“抵抗、抵御”，与“prevent”（ 阻止）意思相近。
“accept”是接受；“encourage”是鼓励；“allow”是允许。
2.The discovery of a new planet has attracted the attention of many astronomers. The verb “attract” in this sentence can be replaced by _____.A.distractB.repelC.divertD.draw答案：D。
“attract”是吸引，“draw”也有吸引的意思。
“distract”是使分心；“repel”是排斥；“divert”是转移。
3.The research on artificial intelligence is making rapid progress. The phrase “make progress” in this sentence means _____.A.move backwardB.stand stillC.get betterD.become worse答案：C。
“make progress”是取得进步，与“get better”意思相近。
“move backward”是后退；“stand still”是静止不动；“become worse”是变得更糟。
4.The development of new energy sources is crucial for the future. The word “crucial” in this sentence can be replaced by _____.A.unimportantB.optionalC.vitaleless答案：C。
Accomodating Solar and Atmospheric Neutrino Deficits, Hot Dark Matter, and a Double Beta De
UCSB–HEP–94-03 UMD-PP-94-90 February,1994 Accommodating solar and atmospheric neutrino deficits, hot dark matter, and a double beta decay signal
arXiv:hep-ph/9402231v2 9 Feb 1994
−6 2 2 −3 a)Small − angle MSW, ∆m2 ei ∼ 6 × 10 eV , sin 2θei ∼ 7 × 10 ,
2
−6 2 2 b)Large − angle MSW, ∆m2 ei ∼ 9 × 10 eV , sin 2θei ∼ 0.6, −10 eV2 , sin2 2θ ∼ 0.9. c)Vacuum oscillation, ∆m2 ei ei ∼ 10
(1)
Of these, (a) is favored over (b) by the fits to the solar neutrino data [9], and both (b) and (c) are disfavored by information from the neutrino burst from supernova 1987A [11]. B. Atmospheric Neutrino Deficit The second set of experiments indicating non-zero neutrino masses and mixings has to do with atmospheric νµ ’s and νe ’s arising from the decays of π ’s and K ’s and the subsequent decays of secondary muons produced in the final states of the π and K decays. In the underground experiments the νµ and ν ¯µ produce muons and the νe and ν ¯e lead to e± . Observations of µ± and e± indicate a far lower value for νµ and ν ¯µ than suggested by na¨ ıve counting arguments which imply that N (νµ + ν ¯µ ) = 2N (νe + ν ¯e ). More precisely, the ratio of µ events to e-events can be normalized to the ratio of calculated fluxes to reduce flux uncertainties, giving [3] R(µ/e) = 0.60 ± 0.07 ± 0.05 (Kamiokande), = 0.54 ± 0.05 ± 0.12 (IMB), = 0.69 ± 0.19 ± 0.09 (Soudan II). Combining these results with observations of upward going muons by Kamiokande [3], IMB [3], and Baksan [12] and the negative Fr´ ejus [13] and NUSEX [14] results leads to the conclusion [15] that neutrino oscillations can give an explanation of these results, provided
arXiv:hep-ph/9402231v2 9 Feb 1994
−6 2 2 −3 a)Small − angle MSW, ∆m2 ei ∼ 6 × 10 eV , sin 2θei ∼ 7 × 10 ,
2
−6 2 2 b)Large − angle MSW, ∆m2 ei ∼ 9 × 10 eV , sin 2θei ∼ 0.6, −10 eV2 , sin2 2θ ∼ 0.9. c)Vacuum oscillation, ∆m2 ei ei ∼ 10
(1)
Of these, (a) is favored over (b) by the fits to the solar neutrino data [9], and both (b) and (c) are disfavored by information from the neutrino burst from supernova 1987A [11]. B. Atmospheric Neutrino Deficit The second set of experiments indicating non-zero neutrino masses and mixings has to do with atmospheric νµ ’s and νe ’s arising from the decays of π ’s and K ’s and the subsequent decays of secondary muons produced in the final states of the π and K decays. In the underground experiments the νµ and ν ¯µ produce muons and the νe and ν ¯e lead to e± . Observations of µ± and e± indicate a far lower value for νµ and ν ¯µ than suggested by na¨ ıve counting arguments which imply that N (νµ + ν ¯µ ) = 2N (νe + ν ¯e ). More precisely, the ratio of µ events to e-events can be normalized to the ratio of calculated fluxes to reduce flux uncertainties, giving [3] R(µ/e) = 0.60 ± 0.07 ± 0.05 (Kamiokande), = 0.54 ± 0.05 ± 0.12 (IMB), = 0.69 ± 0.19 ± 0.09 (Soudan II). Combining these results with observations of upward going muons by Kamiokande [3], IMB [3], and Baksan [12] and the negative Fr´ ejus [13] and NUSEX [14] results leads to the conclusion [15] that neutrino oscillations can give an explanation of these results, provided
2000-2010年硕士毕业论文中英文目录汇总2010年
2000-2010年硕士毕业论文中英文目录汇总2010年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）1.高素娟黄明斌王占礼黄河中游多沙粗沙区坡面土壤侵蚀动力学过程试验研究Experimental Study of Dynamic Processes of SoilErosion on Hillslope in the Coarse Sediment Regionof the Yellow River Middle Reaches环境科学20102.王浩王文龙黄土高塬沟壑区沟坡道路侵蚀特征及植物路防蚀机理研究Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics ofearth road erosion and the mechanism of plant-coveredroad reducing the road erosion on the Loess Plateau土壤学20103.王卫锋张岁岐ZmPIPs在玉米幼苗短期水分胁迫及复水中的生理作用The physiological roles of ZmPIPs in young maizeresponses to short term water stress and rewater植物学20104.吴妍张岁岐水分胁迫及复水条件下外源Ca2+对玉米幼苗根系吸水能力的影响Effect of Calcium on Water Uptake by Root of MaizeSeedling under Water Stress and Rehydration Conditions植物营养学20105.陈玉华张岁岐不同栽培模式对旱作冬小麦根系生长及水分利用的影响Effect of Different Cultivation Patterns on Root Growthand Water Use of Winter Wheat in Dryland生态学20106.聂朝娟邓西平花后水分亏缺对不同生态型小麦光合特性和蔗糖代谢的影响Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic characteristicsand sucrose metabolism of different varieties wheat afteranthesis生态学20107.陈炜邓西平不同栽培模式下旱地小麦灌浆过程中同化物转运的研究Effect of different cultivating models on the assimilatetranslocation in dryland wheats植物学20108.伍小兵邓西平H2O2 对甘薯幼苗不定根的生长和植株抗冷性的影响Effect of H2O2 on the adventitious root growth andchilling resistance of sweetpotato seedlings植物学20109.黄洁李世清栽培条件对作物生长及根系提水作用的影响Effects of different growth conditions on plant groeth androot hydraulic lift生态学201010.宋淑英李世清不同供氮水平小麦/玉米幼苗生理特性对CO2浓度倍增的响应Responses of physiological characteristics of wheat/maizeseedling to elevated co2 concentration植物营养学201011.汪羽宁李世清控制灌溉的土壤水分探头合理埋设深度研究Sensor Placement for Precise Irrigation Scheduling Using植物营养学2010Soil Moisture Information12.王佩玲李世清CO2浓度倍增与介质施氮对冬小麦物质生产及氮素利用的影响Effects of CO2 concentration elevation and nitrogenapplication on dry matter production and nitrogenutilization in winter wheat生态学201013.邢顺林李世清青藏高原与黄土高原土壤氮素矿化过程对温度变化响应的比较研究Comparative Study of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and LoessPlateau Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Process Response toTemperatures Change生态学201014.徐洪敏李世清栽培模式对黄土高原南部旱作春玉米干物质累积及水、氮利用效率的影响Effects of different cultivation management practices ondry matter accumulation and water-nitrogen utilizationefficiency of spring maize on the Loess Plateau植物营养学201015.王禹杨明义137Cs和210Pbex复合示踪研究东北黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率Investigating the Soil Erosion Rates on the CultivatedSlopes in the Northeast Black Soil Region of China Using137Cs and 210PbexMeasurements土壤学201016.刘远利郑粉莉WEPP型（坡面版）在东北黑土区的适用性评价Assessment onWEPPModel (Hillslope Version)Applicability to the Black Soil Region in NortheastChina地图学与地理信息系统201017.余叔同郑粉莉黄土丘陵区坡沟系统沟蚀发育过程模拟与可视化Simulation and Visullization of gully erosion developmentprocess in hillyslope-gully system of loess hilly region地图学与地理信息系统201018.郭晓清郑粉莉陕西省土地荒漠化动态变化及其防治管理信息系统Dynamic change of land desertification And it’scombatting management Information system in shaanxiprovince地图学与地理信息系统201019.陈吉强郑粉莉黄土坡面沟蚀发育过程的模拟试验研究An experimental study on loessial hillslope gully erosiondevelopment process地图学与地理信息系统201020.李国辉安韶山郑粉莉黄土丘陵区典型植物根际与非根际土壤性质差异的比较研究A comparative study on the differences of soil Propertiesbetween rhizosphere and Non- rhizosphere of typical plantIn the loess hilly region水土保持与荒漠化防治201021.张博闻邵明安原油在土壤中入渗的试验研究Experiment on crude oil infiltration Into soils环境科学201022.赵梅邵明安黄土区土石混合土壤水分有效性研究Water availability in stony soil on the loess plateau土壤学201023.张超刘国彬黄土丘陵区撂荒演替中根际微生物特性演变特征生态学2010薛萐Evolution of rhizosphere microbial properties during vegetation succession on abandoned slope cropland inhilly Loess Plateau24.杨晓梅程积民子午岭天然柴松林碳储量与碳密度研究Natural Pinus shenkaneusis Forest Carbon Storage andDensity in Ziwuling Area of Loess Plateau生态学201025.韩娟娟程积民子午岭辽东栎林碳储量与土壤理化性质研究Analysis of soil physical&chemical properties &carbonstorage about liaotungensi coummnity in ziwuling草业科学201026.孟蕾程积民子午岭人工油松林碳储量与碳密度研究Carbon storage and density of artificial Pinustabulaeformis forest in Ziwuling area草业科学201027.胡秀娟程积民子午岭辽东栎、油松、柴松群落生长特征研究The growing characteristics of quercus liaotungensis、pinus tabulaeformis and pinus tabulaeformis f.shekannesisforests In ziwu region生态学201028.范文娟张继敏程积民子午岭森林群落草本植物的结构特征研究Investigation of structural charateristics of herbages underforest plantations in zi wu-ling植物学201029.夏晓娟马永清不同年份早酥梨叶片浸提液对几种套种作物的影响Allelopathic Effect of Extracts from Different Age’sLeaves of Zaosu Pear on some Intercropping Crops植物化感201030.齐治军许明祥黄土丘陵区小流域水土流失的尺度效应Effect of different cultivating models on the assimilatetranslocation in dryland wheats生态学201031.方磊刘文兆黄土高塬沟壑区砚瓦川流域径流对土地利用变化的响应研究地资源与空间信息技术201032.沈红刘文兆 GCMs在黄土高原的适用性评估土地资源与空间信息技术201033.武阿锋刘文兆长武塬区不同土地利用方式对土壤水分剖面分布的影响土壤学201034.于金凤刘文兆黄土塬区苹果树蒸腾及果园蒸散特征研究生态学201035.张盼刘文兆长武塬区地下水位变化特征研究土地资源与空间信息技术20102009年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）36.谭贞学王占礼黄土坡面细沟侵蚀动力学过程组合小区模拟试验研究Multi-plot-based experimental modeling of dynamicprocesses of rill erosion on loess hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200937.马春艳王占礼黄河班多水电站工程区主要地类坡面侵蚀动力学过程试验研究Study of main slope erosion dynamic processes on project水土保持与荒漠化防治2009area of Banduo hydropower station of Yellow River38.陈绍宇王文龙高塬沟壑区溯源侵蚀发生发育规律研究—以董志塬为例Study of the development law of head-cut erosion onLoess Plateau-taking Dongzhiyuan as an example土壤学200939.冉茂勇赵允格黄土丘陵区生物结皮土壤抗冲性试验研究Experimental study on nti-scourability of soil withbiological soil crusts in hilly loess plateau region水土保持与荒漠化防治200940.陈彦芹赵允格黄土丘陵区藓结皮人工培养方法试验研究Experimental research on artificial culture of mosses crustsin hilly loess plateau region水土保持与荒漠化防治200941.刘立生张岁岐不同倍性冬小麦对水分和密度的响应Response of different ploidy winter wheat to moisture anddensity conditions生态学200942.赵紫平邓西平灌浆期水分胁迫对不同倍性小麦光合和糖代谢的影响Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity andsugar metabolism of different ploidy wheat during grainfilling stage生态学200943.赵坤李世清扰动土与原状土间歇淋洗长期通气培养法反映黄土高原土壤供氮能力比较研究Comparative study of disturbing and undisturbing soillong-term alternate leaching aerobic incubation forestimating soil N supplying capacity on the Loess Plateau生态学200944.陶武辉李世清施肥对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区植物产量及土壤矿质氮、水溶性有机碳/氮的影响The effect of fertilizer on the plant yield, mineral nitrgen,DOC and DON in wind-water erosion crisscross region onthe loess plateau植物营养学200945.朱琳李世清栽培模式对黄土高原旱地春玉米养分累积规律及利用效率的影响The effects of different cultivation practices on the nutrientaccumulation and utilization efficiency of spring maize onthe Loess Plateau植物营养学200946.李 静 李世清 大气氨营养对小麦和玉米根冠特征及氮效率的影响Effects of atmospheric NH3 on root canopy characteristicsand nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and maize生态学200947.张 扬 李世清沈玉芳干旱胁迫及施肥对作物根系提水作用的影响Effects of drought stress and fertilizer application onhydraulic lift in crop root system生态学 200948.刘志强 杨明义 黄土高原137Cs背景值空间分布特征与影响因素研究The Spatial Distribution of 137Cs Reference Inventory andIts Influence Factors on the Loess Plateau土壤学 200949.王 彬 郑粉莉 东北典型薄层黑土区土壤可蚀性关键因子分析与土壤可蚀性计算Key factors and calculation of soil Erodibility in thetypical eroded Black soil area of northeast china水土保持与荒漠化防治200950.丁晓斌 郑粉莉 基于GIS的坡面水文—侵蚀预报模型初步研究Hillslope Hydrology-Erosion Prediction Model Based onGIS地图学与地理信息系统200951.崔艳平 郑粉莉 近地表土壤水文条件对坡面土壤侵蚀和氮、磷养分流失的影响研究Effect of near-surface soil hydrological conditions on soilerosion and nutrient losses At hillslopes水土保持与荒漠化防治200952.张会茹 郑粉莉 红壤坡面与黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程对比研究Comparitive study upon soil erosion processes on red soilhillslope and loess hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200953.白一茹 邵明安 水蚀风蚀交错带坡面土壤水分特性研究Study on soil water properties on slope in water-winderosion crisscross region on the loess plateau环境科学 20092008年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）54.龚家国王文龙黄土坡面浅沟侵蚀影响因素及水动力过程模拟试验研究Experimental study on Influencing Factors and dynamicprocess of ephemeral gully erosion on Losses slope土壤学 200855.徐龙江杨明义黄土高原小流域洪水泥沙来源的复合指纹分析法研究Study on the Composite Fingerprinting Flood SuspendedSediment Sources in the Catchment on the Loess Plateau土壤学 200856.王英黄明斌径流曲线法（SCS-CN）的改进及其在黄土高原的应用Optimizing and Improving SCS-CN Method in LoessPlateau土壤学 200857.王凯博上官周平子午岭植被演替过程中物种多样性研究Studies on the species diversity In vegetation succession Inziwuling area生理生态 200858.邓娟上官周平子午岭人工油松林自然发育过程及其特征研究Study of the natural development and the characteristics ofartificial pinus tabuleaformis forest in ziwuling region生理生态 200859.邵瑞鑫上官周平外源NO 对水分亏缺下小麦叶片光合能力的调控效应The effectsof exogenousnitricoxide on Regulatingphotosynthetic capacity of Wheatleaves under waterdeficit生理生态 200860.陈美玲上官周平子午岭林区植被群落植物优势种能量和养分特征研究Energy and nutrient characteristics of the dominant plantspecies in ziwuling forest of the loess plateau生理生态 200861.段军彪上官周平黄土高原小流域侵蚀预测与景观虚拟研究Research on Soil Erosion Prediction and Virtual RealityLandscape in Small Watershed of Loess Plateau计算机应用技术200862.李静上官周平黄土坡面水蚀模拟的关键技术研究Research of key technology of water erosion simulation inloess slope计算机应用技术200863.连振龙刘普灵黄土丘陵区典型流域植被恢复减沙效益研究Study on Effect of Vegetation Restoration on SedimentReduction in the Loess Hilly Region土壤学 200864.周小平张岁歧玉米根系生长、功能的基因型差异及其对水分利用效率的影响Root growth and function of different genotype maize andits effection on water use efficiency生态学 200865.黄传琴邵明安干湿交替过程中土壤胀缩特征的试验研究Experimental Study on Soil Shrinking and SwellingCharacteristics during the Alternative Drying and WettingProcesses土壤学 200866.王幼奇邵明安樊军水蚀风蚀交错带典型植被蒸散特征研究Study on evapotranspiration of vegetation in water-winderosion crisscross region on the loess plateau土壤学 200867.赵爱辉黄明斌黄土水力参数的测定与间接推求方法研究Hydraulic Parameters Measurements and Estimations forLoess Soils土壤学 200868.刘雨安韶山郑粉莉黄土高原丘陵沟壑区燕沟流域植被恢复对土壤质量的影响研究Effects of vegetation restoration on soil quality in yangoucatchment in hilly-gully region of the loess plateau水土保持与荒漠化防治200869.汪晓勇郑粉莉黄土坡面土壤侵蚀—搬运过程试验研究An experimental study on soil detachment and transportprocesses at loessial hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200870.张鹏郑粉莉沟蚀发育过程动态监测研究Monitoring of gully erosion development: Process anddynamics土地资源与空间信息技术200871.张长保李世清王全九樊军降雨条件下黄土坡面土壤养分迁移特征试验研究Loess slope nutrient migration experimental Study onrainfall condition植物营养学 200872.宋翔李世清王全九樊军黄土旱塬冬小麦产量与水氮及其耦合关系模型的研究Study on the relation between winter wheat yield andwater-nitrogen and its interaction modle on the LoessDryland植物营养学 200873.冯宏昭李世清降雨对玉米冠层磷素淋洗的研究Effect of rainfall on phosphorus leaching in maize conopy生态学 200874.党蕊娟李世清施氮对冬小麦/夏玉米光合调控的研究Study on photosynthesis regulation of winter wheat/summer maize by nitrogen applied植物营养学 200875.华瑞李世清介质供磷水平对冬小麦/玉米苗期生长过程的调控作用Regulation of phosphorus supplying rates on the WinterWheat-Maize seedling growthing process植物营养学 200876.闫登明李世清氮素形态和铁营养对几种作物同化过程及体内铁分布的影响Effec of nitrogen forms and iron nutrition on assimilation植物营养学 2008process and iron distribution of different crops77.穆晓慧李世清黄土高原农田土壤Cd和P形态分级及生物有效性研究Study on cd and p fractionation and bioavailability infarmland soil of the loess plateau农业环境保护与食品安全20082007年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）78.刘小芳张岁岐单根和细胞水平玉米根系吸水的杂种优势The Heterosis of Water Uptake by Roots of Maize atSingle Root and Cell Level生态学 200779.田风霞王占礼郑世清黄土山坡植物路防蚀效应模拟试验研究Experimental Modeling of Anti-erosion Benefits of PlantRoad on Loess Hillslope土壤学 200780.谭红朝李秧秧黄土丘陵区几种主要树木径向生长、液流及其与环境条件的关系The Radial Growth, Sap Flow of Several Trees and theirRelation with Environmental Factors in the Loess Hilly Area生态学 200781.周雪英邓西平不同倍性小麦对旱后复水的生理生态响应Physiological effects of post-drought And rewatering onwheat with different pliody生态学 200782.李建梅邓西平转Cu/Zn-SOD、APX基因甘薯对水分胁迫及复水的生理生化响应Physiological and biochemical responses of transgenicsweet potato expressing both cu/zn-sod and apx genes todrought and rewatering conditions生态学 200783.韦兰英上官周平黄土高原不同演替阶段草地植被细根分布及其生态特征研究Study on the vertical distribution and ecologicalcharacteristic of the fine root in different abandonded yeargrassland in loess plateau生态学 200784.刘勇上官周平子午岭典型森林群落生物量与土壤水分、养分的关系The relationship between community biomass and soilmoisture 、soil nutrient i n ziwuling typical forests生态学 200785.付晓莉邵明安土壤水分特征曲线测定过程中的压实效应研究Study on compaction effects during soil watercharacteristic Curve measurement环境科学 200786.丛 伟张兴昌重金属Se在土壤中的运移规律研究Solute transport regularity of se in soil土壤学 200787.张晋爱张兴昌黄土高原不同植被覆盖下土壤性质的时空变异特征Temporal and spatial variability of soil quality underdifferent vegetation covering on the loess plateau土壤学 200788.南维鸽李世清田间杂草对冬小麦产量及氮素利用效率的影响The Effects of Weeds on the Winter Wheat Yield and theNitrogen Use Efficiency植物营养学 200789.金发会李世清黄土高原土壤供氮能力测定方法的比较研究Comparison of the methods of assessing soil n-supplyingcapacity on loess plateau植物营养学 200790.侯红乾李世清冬小麦-杂草氮素营养竞争研究Study on nitrogen competition between winter-wheat andweed植物营养学 200791.王锦峰李世清不同栽培模式和施氮水平对冬小麦籽粒产量及蛋白质形成的影响Effects of different cultivation mode and nitrogenprovision levels on construction of output and protien ofwinter wheat grains植物营养学 200792.张国桢李世清石灰性土壤硝化作用模型的研究S studing on the nitrification kinetic models In thecalcareous soil种植 200793.李小霞李世清栽培模式、施氮量和播种密度对冬小麦冠层及产量构成特征的影响The effect of cultivate mode, nitrogen fertilizer rate andplanting density on the winter wheat conpy and yieldcharacters作物生理生态200794.王建勋郑粉莉WEPP模型（坡面版）在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的适用性评价Assessment on WEPP Model Applicability（Hillslopeversion）to the Hilly-gully Region of the Loess Plateau水土保持与荒漠化防治200795.王志刚李靖郑粉莉不同近地表水文条件下紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程研究Study on Purple Soil Erosion Process at Sloping CultivatedField under Different Surface Hydrological Condition水土保持与荒漠化防治20072006年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）96.秦娟上官周平子午岭林区山杨－辽东栎混交林生理生态效应研究Eco-physiological Effect of Populus davidiana-Quercusliaotungensis Mixed Forests in Ziwuling Forest Area生态学 200697.吴安慧张岁岐玉米根系AQP表达的基因型差异及其与抗旱性的关系The expression differences of aquaporins genes in maizeroots among genotypes and its relation with droughtresistance生态学 200698.李筠邓西平水分胁迫对转Cu/Zn SOD 和APX基因甘薯抗氧化和叶绿素荧光的影响Effect of water stress on antioxidation and chlorophy Ⅱfluorescence of Cu/Zn SOD and APX gene transferredsweet potato生态学 200699.胡伟邵明安王全九黄土坡面土壤水分时空变异性研究Temporal-Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture on aSlope-land on the Loess Plateau生态学 2006100.牛振华王占礼坡面土壤侵蚀物理模型及其率定与验证Physically-based Model of Soil Erosion on Hillslope andIts Calibration and Validation土壤学 2006101.韩凤朋张兴昌黄土高原小流域不同尺度土壤养分的空间变异Spatial variability of soil nutrient on slope and watershedscale on the Loess Plateau土壤学 2006102.范亚宁李世清云雾山草地小尺度植物多样性及土壤-植物养分空间变异性研究Study on plant diversity and soil-plant spatial variability insmall scale in yunwu mountain grassland生态学 2006103.刘毅李世清黄土高原不同生境条件下土壤结构体分形及碳、氮分布Fractal dimensions of soil aggregates and istribution ofcarbon and nitrogen from different environments in theLoess Plateau植物营养学 2006104.吉春容李世清品种、种子大小和施肥对冬小麦生物学性状、光合-荧光特征和氮磷养分效率的影响Effect of variety, seed size and fertilization oncharacteristics of biological and photo synthesis-fluorescence, nutrition efficiency of n and p of winter wheat生态学 2006105.李紫燕李世清黄土高原典型土壤有机氮矿化及铵态氮对土壤氮素激发效应的研究Study on the primin effect caused by ammonium andMineralizaton of organic nitrogen in the typical soils onLoess Plateau植物营养学 2006106.刘殿红黄占斌保水剂对马铃薯生长效应及其机理研究A study on effect of aquasorb on growth of potato and itsacting mechanism生态学 2006107.李建玲黄占斌多功能保水剂对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率(WUE)影响研究Effects of multi-function aquasorb on yield and water useefficiency (WUE) of potatoes生态学 2006108.迟永刚黄占斌李茂松小麦进化过程中的光合生理特性研究Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat inprocess of evolution生态学 2006109.曾辰邵明安水蚀风蚀交错带不同植被覆盖条件坡面土壤水分循环的实验研究Study on the soil water cycle on slope with differentconditions of vegetation covering in water-wind erosioncrisscross region土壤学 2006110.刘春利邵明安水蚀风蚀交错带坡地土壤物理特性时空变异性研究Study on soil physical properties temporal-spatial variabilityof a slope in the wind-water erosion crisscross region生态学 2006111.史磊邓西平水分胁迫下不同基因型小麦光合特性的比较研究Photosynthetic characteristics of different wheat genotypesunder water stress生态学 2006112.申震洲谢永生刘普灵REE示踪研究坡面侵蚀过程及不同下垫面撂荒地的减沙效益Study on the processes of soil erosion using ree tracers onsloping land and the effect on reducing sediment ofdifferent underlying surfaces土壤学 2006113.刘力郑粉莉紫色土和黄土坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程对比研究Comparison study on purple soil and loess soil erosionprocesses at sloping cultivated field水土保持与荒漠化防治2006114.吕春花郑粉莉子午岭地区植被恢复对土壤质量的影响研究Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Quality in theZiwuling Area水土保持与荒漠化防治2006115.张锋郑粉莉子午岭地区植被破坏加速侵蚀对土壤质量退化过程的影响Effects of accelerated erosion caused by deforesation onsoil quality degradation process in the ziwuling area水土保持与荒漠化防治2006116.王振宇李凤民水分胁迫和断根对冬小麦根源信号、竞争能力及与产量形成的关系Root-sourced signals, competitive ablity and It’srelationship with yield of winter wheat Affected by rootexcision in a semiarid植物生理生态20062005年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）117.张煜邓西平水分胁迫对不同进化小麦抗氧化与叶绿素荧光的影响Effect of water stress on antioxidation and chlorophyllfluorescence of different evolutionary types of wheat生态学 2005118.王周锋张岁岐玉米根系水导差异的生理生态原因分析Analysis on physiological and ecological reason for lprdifference of root system of maize生态学 2005119.黄新会王占礼黄土区坡面水文模型研究Hydrology Prediction Model of Loess Hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治2005120.赵琳李世清氮肥和栽培模式对半湿润农田生态系统冬小麦个体-群体调控的研究The study of nitrogenous fertilizer and planting modesonthe relationship between individual and colony of winterwheat in the sub-humid area ecology system植物营养学 2005121.沈新磊李世清冬小麦源库大小改变对产量构成及产量的影响Effects of Winter Wheat Source-Sink Change on theYields and Yield Structures植物营养学 2005122.王瑞军李世清农牧交错带地膜春玉米生态特征及其氮肥效应的研究Study on ecological characteristics and nitrogen Effect ofplastic film-mulching spring corn in the Crisscross regionof agriculture-pasture植物营养学 2005123.张安邦上官周平李秧秧黄土高原半干旱区小流域生态水文效应及过程模拟Ecohydrological Effect and Hydrological Processes生态学 2005Simulation in the small catchment of the Loess Pleatu’ semiarid area124.薛晓辉张兴昌黄土高原植被恢复对土壤碳、氮养分的影响Effect of re-vegetation on soil carbon and nitrogen on theLoess Plateau土壤学 2005125.丁晋利郑粉莉7Be示踪坡面土壤侵蚀过程及机理研究Application of 7Be to Quantifying Soil Erosion Processand Mechanism at Hillslope土壤学 2005126.武敏郑粉莉坡面汇流汇沙与浅沟侵蚀过程研究Effects of Up-slope Runoff and Sediment on EphemeralGully Erosion Process at Loess Hillslopes水土保持与荒漠化防治20052004年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）127.潘成忠上官周平黄土区草地坡面侵蚀产沙过程的调控Grass vegetation influence on plot erosion sedimentproducing processes on loess area生态学 2004128.张亚丽张兴昌径流与土壤矿质氮素作用深度的确定Confirmation of the effective depth of interaction ofrunoff with soil mineral nitrogen土壤学 2004129.贾媛媛郑粉莉王占宏黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域分布式水蚀预报模型初步研究Distributed water erosion prediction model at smallwatershed scale in the loessial hilly-gully region水土保持与荒漠化防治2004130.王红闪黄明斌黄土沟壑区不同植被类型水文生态演变研究Study on hydroecological environmental changes underdifferent types of vegetation in the gully region of theLoess Plateau土壤学 2004131.辛小桂黄占斌保水剂及其功能复合材料对玉米生长和抗旱性的影响Effect of aquasorb and its compound materials withmulti-function on growth and drought resistance of maize生态学 2004132.袁永慧邓西平不同基因型小麦变水条件下的补偿效应研究Compensatory effect of different wheat genotypes underwater deficient and rewatering conditions生态学 2004133.薛亚洲刘普灵利用REE示踪技术研究黄土坡面土壤侵蚀演变过程Using rare-earth elements tracers technology to studyspatial and temporal processes of Soil Erosion on slopingland of the Loess Plateau水土保持与土壤侵蚀2004134.杨晓青梁宗锁张岁岐不同类型冬小麦品种根系特性及其与WUE的关系研究Study on relations between roots characteristics and WUEof different type winter wheat varieties植物水分生理生态2004135.朱元骏黄占斌保水剂模拟非均衡根土水环境下玉米生长和WUE研究Growth and WUE of maize in heterogeneous roots-soilwater environment simulated by aquasorb生态学 2004136.贾松伟贺秀斌黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀对土壤有机碳迁移的影响水土保持与2004陈云明The effect of soil erosion on soil organic carbon migrationin Loess hilly region of northwestern China荒漠化防治2003年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）137.张文菊吴金水三江平原典型湿地生态系统有机碳积累及影响机制研究Study on the accumulation of organic carbon and it’saffecting mechanism of typical wetland ecosystem insanjiang plain, north-east China土壤学 2003138.周印东吴金水子午岭植被演替过程中土壤有机碳积累与变化Study on the accumulation of soil organic carbon in thevegetation successions in Ziwuling region土壤学 2003139.方峰黄占斌大垄沟改良措施对玉米生长和WUE影响的研究Study on the effect of broad ridge improved measures tomaize growth and water use efficiency生态学 2003140.俞满源黄占斌保水剂与氮肥对马铃薯生长和WUE效应及其机制研究The response of growth and water use efficiency of potatoto aquasorb and nitrogen and it’s mechanism生态学 2003141.郭彦彪李占斌流域地貌形态与降雨侵蚀产沙关系研究Study on relationship between watershed topography andsediment yield by rainfall erosion in loess area水土保持与荒漠化防治2003142.郑良勇李占斌黄土地区陡坡水蚀动力过程试验研究Experimental study on dynamic process of soil erosion onloess slope水土保持与荒漠化防治2003143.毛明策史俊通上官周平黄土高原节水农业专家系统的研制The development of the water saving agricultural expertsystem of Loess Plateau作物栽培学与耕作学2003144.李立青刘普灵7Be和137Cs复合示踪坡耕地土壤侵蚀产沙的空间分布特征Use of 7Be and 137Cs measurements to study the patternof soil erosion on cultivated slope land土壤学 2003145.宋炜刘普灵利用REE示踪法研究黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程Using REE tracers to measure sheet erosion changing torill erosion on loess slope水土保持与荒漠化防治2003146.白登忠邓西平水分亏缺下番茄水分传输途径和根冠大小对蒸腾和WUE的调控Tomato transpiration and WUE regulated by water transportpath and size of shoot and root under water deficit生态学 2003147.黄明丽邓西平不同基因型小麦水分、养分利用效率的比较研究Comparison of water and nutrient use efficiencies indifferent wheat genotypes生态学 2003148.王生毅邓西平干旱胁迫对番茄根系水导的影响及液泡膜水通道蛋白表达量检测研究Research on water transportation of drought stressed tomatoroot systems and tonoplast aquaporins expression quantity生物化学与分子生物学2003149.王辉雷廷武径流含沙量与流量机电一体化测控系统研究及应用An automatically controlled system for measurement ofsediment and discharge rate of runoff and its applications水土保持与荒漠化防治2003150.冒建华雷廷武草地集中水流土壤侵蚀室内模拟试验及聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对草地出苗影响试验研究Laboratory simulation experiments on soil erosion fromgrass-covered surface under concentrated flow and theeffects of pam on the germination of Alfalfa水土保持与荒漠化防治2003151.张丽张兴昌水分-氮素-光照对玉米生长的互作效应Interactions of nitrogen, water with light on the growth ofmaize土壤学 2003152.何福红黄明斌党廷辉黄土高原沟壑区小流域水文性质的空间变异性Spatial variability of hydrological properties in acatchment of the gully region, the Loess Plateau土壤学 2003153.慕自新梁宗锁张岁岐玉米根系特征与其水分关系研究Studies on maize root traits and whole plant water relations植物学 20032002年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）154.景为邵明安推求土壤非饱和运动参数的方法Estimating Methods for Soil Hydraulic Properties土壤学 2002155.彭浩邵明安张兴昌黄土区土壤钾素径流流失规律研究Research on Soil Potassium Loss by Erosion in Loessial Area土壤学 2002156.卢金伟李占斌土壤团聚体水稳定性及其与土壤可蚀性之间关系研究Study on relation between water stability of soil aggregateand soil erodibility水土保持与荒漠化防治2002157.刘纪根雷廷武坡耕地施加PAM降雨入渗产流及侵蚀产沙规律试验研究Study on the Laws of Rainfall Infiltration Runoff andErosion Sediment on Slopeland Treated With PAM土壤学 20022001年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）158.郑纪勇邵明安土壤中溶质运移的边界层方法Boundary Layer Method for Solute Transport in Soils土壤学 2001159.肖培青郑粉莉上方来水来沙对坡面侵蚀过程影响的试验研究An Experimental Study on Effects of Up-slope RunoffandSediment on Down-slope Erosion Process水土保持与荒漠化防治2001160.张睛雯雷廷武细沟水蚀动力过程试验研究Study on the dynamic process of rill erosion土壤学 2001161.丁文峰李占斌黄土区坡面径流侵蚀的动力过程试验研究The experimental study on dynamic process of overlandflow on loess slope surface土壤学 2001162.张厚华黄占斌灌溉、覆盖对玉米生理及产量的影响生态学 2001。
TIMIT
5 Output from T¯ I MIT 5.1 Hydrostatic Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 The format of the hydrostatic output . . 5.2 Time Domain Hydrodynamic Quantities . . . . . 5.2.1 Format of the time domain hydrodynamic 5.3 Frequency Domain Hydrodynamic Quantities . . 5.3.1 Format of the frequency domain output .
T¯ I MIT
A panel-method program for transient wave-body interactions.
VERSION 4.0: For zero and forward speed analysis of a single body with any number of waterlines, arbitrary wave heading, generalized modes, and infinite or finite depth.
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The development of T¯ I MIT has been supported by the Office of Naval Reseach, the Joint Industry Project “Wave Effects on Offshore Structures”, the Consortium for Numerical Analysis of Wave Effects on Offshore Structures, and the Naval Ship Warfare Center.
2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷18
2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Ozone is a bluish gas that is harmful to breathe. Nearly 90% of the Earth’s ozone is in the stratosphere and is referred to as the ozone layer. Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called UVB that is particularly harmful to living organisms. Stratospheric ozone is constantly being created and destroyed through natural cycles. Various ozone depleting substances however, accelerate the destruction processes, resulting in lower than normal ozone levels. Reductions in ozone levels will lead to higher levels of UVB reaching the Earth’s surface. The sun’s output of UVB does not change; rather, less ozone means less protection, and hence more UVB reaches the Earth. Studies have shown that in the Antarctic, the amount of UVB measured at the surface can double during the annual ozone hole. Laboratory and epidemiological studies demonstrate that UVB causes non melanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma development. In addition, UVB has been linked to cataracts. Dramatic loss of ozone in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica was first noticed in the 1970s by a research group from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) who were monitoring the atmosphere above Antarctica from a research station. Folklore has it that when the first measurements were taken in 1975, the drop in ozone levels in the stratosphere was so dramatic that at first the scientists thought their instruments were faulty. Replacement instruments were built and fl own out and it wasn’t until they confirmed the earlier measurements, several months later, that the ozone depletion observed was accepted as genuine. Another story goes that the BAS satellite data didn’t show the dramatic loss of ozone because the software processing the raw ozone data from the satellite was programmed to treat very low valuesrapid and large-scale; over most of the Antarctica continent.Ozone occurs naturally in the atmosphere. The earth’s atmosphere is composed of several layers. We live in the Troposphere, ground level up to about 10km high, where most of the weather occurs such / as rain, snow and clouds. Above that is the Stratosphere, an important region in which effects such as the Ozone Hole and Global Warming originate. The layer next to space is the Exosphere and then going inwards there are the Thermosphere and the Mesosphere. Supersonic passenger jets fly just above the troposphere whereas subsonic commercial airliners are usually well in the troposphere. The narrow region between these two parts of the atmosphere is called the Tropopause. Ozone forms a layer in the stratosphere, thinnest in the tropics and denser towards the poles. The amount of ozone above a point on the earth’s surface is measured in Dobson units (DU)—typically ~260 DU near the tropics and higher elsewhere, though there are large seasonal fluctuations. It is created when ultraviolet radiation in the form of sunlight strikes the stratosphere, splitting oxygen molecules to atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen quickly combines with further oxygen molecules to form ozone. The Ozone Hole of ten gets confused in the popular press and by the general public with the problem of global warming. Whilst there is a connection because ozone contributes to the greenhouse effect, the Ozone Hole is a separate issue. Over Antarctica (and recently over the Arctic), stratospheric ozone has been depleted over the last 15 years at certain times of the year. This is mainly due to the release of man-made chemicals containing chlorine such as CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons), but also compounds containing bromine, other related halogen compounds and also nitrogen oxides. CFCs are a common industrial product, used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of some types of packaging. Nitrogen oxides are a by-product of combustion processes, for example aircraft emissions.The ozone deplete on process begins when CFCs and other ozone depleting substances are emitted into the atmosphere where winds efficiently mix and evenly distribute the gases. CFCs are extremely stable, and they do not dissolve in rain. After a period of several years natural gases in the stratosphere combine with CFCs and this releases chlorine atoms, halons and methyl bromide. These in turn all release bromine atoms and it is these atoms that actually destroy ozone. It is estimated that one chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules before it is removed from the stratosphere.The first global agreement to restrict CFCs came with the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 ultimately aiming to reduce them by half by the year 2000. Two revisions of this agreement have been made in the light of advances in scientific understanding, the latest being in 1992. Agreement has been reached on the control of industrial production of many halocarbons until the year 2030. The main CFCs will not be produced by any of the signatories after the end of 1995, except for a limited amount for essential uses, such as for medical sprays. The countries of the European Community have adopted even stricter measures. Recognizing their responsibility to the global environment they have agreed to halt production of the main CFCs from the beginning of 1995. It was anticipated that these limitations would lead to a recovery of the ozone layer within 50 years of 2000. The World Meteorological Organization estimated 2045 but recent investigations suggest the problem is perhaps on a much larger scale than anticipated.3. International agreements will eventually lead to（）.4. An apocryphal BAS story cites that equipment was changed to measure（）.5. The Ozone layer is destroyed by a by-product of CFCs reacting with（）.问题1选项A.the issue of the heating up of the earth’s atmosphereB.the measurement of CFCs in Dobson unitsC.the dramatic loss of ozone in the lower stratosphere over AntarcticaD.the higher levels of UVB reaching the Earth’s surface问题2选项A.global warmingB.the release of aerosols and solventsC.the stabilization of CFCs in the airD.the discharge of synthetic chemicals into the atmosphere问题3选项A.recent investigations into the strength of Dobson UnitsB.the cessation of the release of most CFC gases into the atmosphereC.the scientific understanding in the international communityD.the reduction of industrial production of many halocarbons问题4选项B.the satellite orbiting the earthC.the raw data of the dramatic loss of ozoneD.the apparently anomalous readings taken earlier问题5选项A.the normal components of the earth’s atmosphereB.chlorine atoms, halons and methyl bromideC.aircraft emissionsD.atomic oxygen【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。
高三英语学术研究方法创新思路单选题30题
高三英语学术研究方法创新思路单选题30题1. In academic research, a hypothesis is a(n) ______ that needs to be tested.A. ideaB. factC. resultD. example答案：A。
本题考查学术研究中“hypothesis（假设）”的概念。
选项A“idea（想法、主意）”符合“hypothesis”需要被测试的特点；选项B“fact（ 事实）”是已经确定的，无需测试；选项C“result（ 结果）”是研究得出的，不是先提出的；选项D“example（ 例子）”与“hypothesis”的概念不符。
2. When conducting research, collecting data is an important step. Which of the following is NOT a common way of collecting data?A. InterviewsB. GuessingC. ObservationsD. Surveys答案：B。
本题考查学术研究中收集数据的常见方法。
选项A“Interviews（ 访谈）”、选项C“Observations（ 观察）”和选项D“Surveys 调查）”都是常见的数据收集方式；选项B“Guessing（ 猜测）”不是科学的收集数据的方法。
3. The purpose of a literature review in academic research is to ______.A. show off one's reading skillsB. summarize existing knowledge on a topicC. copy other people's researchD. make the research longer答案：B。
2022考研英语阅读温室气体监测
2022考研英语阅读温室气体监测Science and Technology Greenhouse-gas monitoring Not hot air温室气体监测而非热空气A new, private initiative should help show which gases come from where一项新的私人倡议或许能够表明各种气体从何而来IN 1955 a young man called David Keeling started to measure the level of carbon dioxide inthe Californian air. It seemed of little practical value, but he liked designing and building theequipmentand driving back and forth along the Pacific Coast Highway to his sampling siteat Big Sur was fun. Scientists with a new-found interest in the world s carbon-dioxide levelssoon learned of his work and gave him a job setting up monitoring stations in Hawaii andAntarctica for the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, in La Jolla. He continued to work therefor almost 50 years, devoting his life to the monitoring effort. His son, Ralph, runs thecarbon-dioxide programme at Scripps to this day.1955年，一个名为David Keeling的年轻人开头测量加利福尼亚空气中的二氧化碳含量。
学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 2
highlighted texts such as words in bold or italic text;
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Unit 2 Searching for Information
2 Scanning and skimming
1 What does “A.I.” in the title stand for? Artificial intelligence. 2 What is the main idea of the article you may predict from the title? The article may argue for/again the idea that Artificial intelligence will replace human jobs in the future. 3 What does the story in the first paragraph imply? The story tells that computerization threatens to replace
To evaluate source materials
Is the material a primary or a secondary source? Is the source the latest one? Is the author a reliable scholar or an expert in the field? Does the author have biases or prejudices? Has the author been cited frequently in the field? Are the author’s arguments supported by evidence such as statistics, experiment, recent scientific findings? Are different opinions considered and weighed or simply ignored ? Are the author’s arguments and conclusions convincing?
英语教师教学论文写作
Abstract
A brief summary of the paper's content, purpose, methodology, and findings
Introduction
An opening section that introduces the topic, provides background information, and states the paper's objectives
02 03
Focus and claim
Maintain a narrow focus on your topic to ensure that your paper is coherent and well organized Avoid broad or vague topics that may lead to a layer of clarity or direction in your writing
methods
The logical relationship of the paper
The results should directly answer the research questions posed in the introduction
The discussion should interpret the results and explore their implications for theory and practice
Advisor the resources available to you and the time frame you have to complete the paper Choose topics that are manageable and allowed for a through investment
A brief summary of the paper's content, purpose, methodology, and findings
Introduction
An opening section that introduces the topic, provides background information, and states the paper's objectives
02 03
Focus and claim
Maintain a narrow focus on your topic to ensure that your paper is coherent and well organized Avoid broad or vague topics that may lead to a layer of clarity or direction in your writing
methods
The logical relationship of the paper
The results should directly answer the research questions posed in the introduction
The discussion should interpret the results and explore their implications for theory and practice
Advisor the resources available to you and the time frame you have to complete the paper Choose topics that are manageable and allowed for a through investment
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：1
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I bought an alarm clock with a(n) （） dial which can be seen clearly in the dark.问题1选项A.supersonicB.luminousC.audibleD.amplified【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
supersonic “超音速的，超声波的”；luminous “发光的，明亮的”；audible “听得见的”；amplified “放大的，扩充的”。
句意：我买了一个带发光钟面的闹钟，在黑夜里也可以看得很清楚。
选项B符合题意。
2.单选题Always since the creation of celluloid, plastics have been found to have a multitude of industrial and com mercial uses.问题1选项A.AlwaysB.plasticsC.to haveD.a multitude of【答案】A【解析】根据题意，A选项句首应该为ever since“自从”，句意：自从发明了电影胶片，人们发现塑料有很多商业和工业的用途。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题（）fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.问题1选项A.LikeB.AlikeC.Asparing【答案】C【解析】考查连词。
Like “像”，可作介词；alike “相同的，相似的”，可作形容词；as “像……”，可作介词；comparing “比较”，可作动词。
此处“fire tests gold” 为一个完整的句子，所以要用连词，句意：就好像真金不怕火炼一样，意志不畏艰难。
选项C符合题意。
4.单选题The（）of computer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life.问题1选项A.fraudulenceB.arrivalC.dawnD.advent【答案】D【解析】名词词义解析。
中山大学研究报告生英语期末考试题
Passage 1One motivational analyst who became curious to know there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this was true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less.Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance, a light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they were available to all. Mr. Vi cary theorizes: “Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go throughthese stores where the products say ‘buy me, buy me’.〞1 Vicary’s curiosity was aroused by the fact that _________.A. there was a decrease in sales in supermarketsB. women were showing strong resistance to products in supermarketsC. there seemed to be no logic in women’s buying habitsD. women were shopping very carefully2 According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of ________.A. the truth or falsity of a statementB. the mental ability of a personC. blood pressureD. the emotional state of a person3 Mr. Vicary’s test ________________.A. proved his original hypothesis to be trueB. proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering the store, decreasedrather than increasedC. nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tensionD. showed that a woman’s reaction to the products in a supermarket is impossible todetermine4 After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that _____________.A. shopping was apt to create serious nervous disordersB. a supermarket is a fantastic placeC. women are entranced by the many wonderful items available in supermarketsD. women develop an inferiority plex when in supermarkets5 Implied but not stated: _______________.A. Quick purchases are the result of inner tensionB. The first stage of hypnosis is a light tranceC. Research conducted by motivation analysis can disprove their original premisesD. Supermarkets seeking a fairyland atmosphere should install hidden movie camerasPassage 2In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information andperforming experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician JulesMost scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist es to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.6 “Bricks〞are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate how _________.A. mathematicians approach scienceB. building a house is like performing experimentsC. science is more than a collection of factsD. scientific experiments have led to improved technology7 In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they ________.A. evaluate previous work on a problemB. formulate possible solutions to a problemC. gather known factsD. close an investigation8 In the last paragraph, the author refers to hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown〞inorder to show that hypotheses ________________.A. are sometimes ill-conceivedB. can lead to dangerous resultsC. go beyond available factsD. require effort to formulate9 In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function of hypotheses"A. Sifting through known facts.B. municating a scientist’s thoughts to others.C. Providing direction for scientific research.D. Linking together different theories.10 Which of the following statements is supported by the passage"A. Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.B. It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.C. A scientist’s most difficult task is testing hypotheses.D. A good scientist needs to be creative.Passage 3For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we dothere largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has bee more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should pensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others’ working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable --- forthemselves --- by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.11 In the writer’s opinion, people judge others by_________.A. the type of work they doB. the place where they workC. the time they spend at workD. the amount of money they earn12 According to the writer, in the future, work will ________.A. matter less than it does nowB. be as important as it is nowC. be better paid than it is nowD. offer more satisfaction13 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems"A. A reduction in the number of strikesB. Equality in salariesC. A more equal distribution of responsibilityD. An improvement in moral standards14 What advantages does the writer say managers have over other workers"A. They cannot lose their jobs.B. They get time off to attend courses.C. They can work at whatever interests them.D. They can make their own decisions.15 Working conditions generally remain bad because _______________.A. the workers are quite satisfied with themB. no one can decide what to do about themC. managers see no need to change themD. office workers want to protect their positionsPassage 4Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are parable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet’s dominant, most distinctive feature – ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmassesoccupy one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that prise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.16 What is the main point of the passage"A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.17 Why does the author pare rain forests and coral reefs (Paragraph 1)"A. They are approximately the same size.B. They share many similar species.C. Most of their inhabitants require water.D. Both have many different forms of life.18 The passage suggests that most rain forest species are ________________.A. insectsB. bacteriaC. mammalsD. birds19 The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forests because ____________.A. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaB. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster rate20 Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage"A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.C. Ocean life is primarily posed of plants.D. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.Passage 5Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in mon; they differ infinitely, but sill they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will to the death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of the creation of life –as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are mitments to cause death as marriages are mitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of new life, each risks it – and in the risk mits himself.As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life.In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is –again literally – to triumph over death. It is a surgeon’s triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body.In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.21 Although the author says that battles are horrible, he also says that_________.A. most people find fascination in themB. there is no battle aim worthy of the nameC. one should love life and not deathD. fighting to end battles is justifiable22 The author states that one who fights a battle toward any end other than peace is ________.A. tainted by fascismB. misguided and unworthyC. victimized by unconscious drives to killD. bent on his own destruction23 The article says that the individual, in battle and in marriage, must_________.A. make a unionB. promise his beliefsC. take the risks he has mitted himself toD. recognize that death is the reverse of life24 The article says that a surgeon can triumph when he_____________.A. performs a successful operationB. triumphs over the bodyC. removes a cancerD. cuts out that which is life-destroying25 Implied by the author, but not stated: “I have found peace as I _________.〞A. think about life and deathB. return to an army that fights death and cynicismC. consider being a surgeonD. recognize that life and hope can triumph if one fights for themPassage 6There is little question that substantial labor-market differences exist between men and women. Among the most researched difference is the male-female wage gap. Many different theories are used to explain why men earn more than women. One possible reason is basedis a joint decision in which the needs of the husband and wife are balanced to maximize family welfare. Job-motivated relocations are generally made to benefit the primary earner in the family. This leads to a constrained job search for the secondary earner, as he or she must search for a job in a limited geographic area. Since the husband is still the primary wage earner in many families, the job search of the wife may suffer. Individuals who are tied to a certain area are labled ‘tied-stayers’, while secondary earners who move for the benefit of the family are labeled ‘tied-movers’(Jacob Mincer, 1978).The wages of a tied-stayer or tied-mover may not be substantially lower if the family lives in or moves to a large city. If a large labor market has more cacancies, the wife may locate a wage offer near the maximum she would find with a nation-wide search. However, being a tied-stayer or tied-mover can lower the wife’s wage if the family lives in or moves to a small munity. A small labor market will reduce the likelihood of her finding a job that utilizes her skills. As a result she may accept a job for which she is overqualified and thus earn a lower wage. This hypothesized relationship between the likelihood of being overqualified and SMSA size is termed ‘differential overqualification.’F rank (1978) and Haim Ofek and Yesook Merrill(1994) provide support for the theory of differential overqualification byfinding that the male-female wage gap is greater in smaller SMSA’s.While the results are consistent with the existence of differential overqualification, they may also result from other situations as well. Firms in small labor market may use their monopsony power to keep wages down. Local demand shocks are found to be a major source of wage variation both across and within local labor market(Roberts Topel, 1986). Since large labor markets are generally more diversified, a demand shock can have a substantial impact on immobile workers in small labor markets. Another reason for examining differential overqualification involves the assumption that there are more vacancies in large labor markets. While there is little doubt that more vacancies exist in large labor markets, there are also likely to be more people searching for jobs in large labor markets. If the greater number of vacancies is offset by the larger number of searchers, it is unclear whether women will be more likely to be overqualified in small labor market. Instead of relying on wages to determine if differential overqualification exists, we consider an explicit form of overqualification based on education.26 According to the author, the male-female wage gap ________.A is justifiedB has important repercussions on family lifeC represents a sexist attitude toward womenD is simply one of a considerable number of labor-market differences27 “Geographical mobility( Para. 1)〞as used in the passage, refers to ________.A the way in which Americans tend to move from job to jobB the penchant wage-earners have to maximize family welfareC the necessity to relocate in order to increase wagesD all of the above28 The difference between a ‘tied-stayer’ and a ‘tied-mover’ is that ________.A the primary earner is forced to search for work in a specific area while the secondaryearner is freer to roam aboutB the former is obliged to remain in an area while the latter is notC the former is the wife and the later is the husbandD the latter’s salary is of secondary importance to the former’s salary29 With which of the following statements would the author agree"A The size of the labor market determines repense.B The size of the labor market determines acquired skills utilization.C The size of the labor market determines the probability of matching skills withappropriate wage level.D All of the above.30 The names and dates between parentheses ________.A refer to bibliographical entriesB explain who discussed what and when they discussed itC are references to what the author has readD may be described by all of the abovePart II. Vocabulary and Structure 〔40x0.5=20points〕Section A: In this section, there are 20 inplete sentences, each with four items marked A, B, C and D. Choose one item that best pletes the sentence and mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31.What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to ________without any career consequence"A. whoop it upB. unload opinionsC. hang aroundD. incur a debt32.The Single in the past, of the _______ego and much-watched answering machine, wastraditionally at the margin of society: a figure of fun, pity and awe.A. archlyB. gallantlyC. wobblyD. allegedly33. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might ________ on the rights of law-abidinggun owners, had already voted against the bill.A. infringeB. IntegrateC. InferiorD. incorporate34. This event is called a party --- a place where one _______ without worrying about beingjudged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.A. rest upB. fork outC. pull backD. let loose35. A host of other singles services have sprung up, from dogwalkers to alarm systems toagencies that will water your plants or bring you aspirin and coffee when you’re _________.A. hung aroundB. hung overC. hung upD. hung on36. The layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme ofcentralization that ______ French culture.A. fantasizesB. internalizesC. socializesD. characterizes37. In the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, streets and buildings arenumbered __________.A. quintessentiallyB.archaeologicallyC. sequentiallyD. dysfunctionally38. In middle-class America, specific spaces are _________ for specific activities.A. populatedB. dominatedC. designatedD. validated39. This pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstrated by the archaeologicalevidence _______ in ancient Indian cities.A. undefinedB. uncoveredC. undoneD. untitled40. Today about a fifth of all married couples still ______ the old-style marriage in which thewife stays home to raise children and the husband works.A. opt withB. opt toC. opt forD. opt against41. He doesn't conform to the usual ________ of the city businessman with a dark suit androlled umbrella.A. stereotypeB. controversyC. geneticsD. custody42. They were told to take whatever action they ________ necessary.A. seemedB. inhibitedC. prohibitedD. deemed43. When the war broke out, a large number of refugees crossed the border, seeking _______in the neighboring country.A. caseworkB. smugnessC. sancturyD. riff44. We should strengthen regulation, prevent and ______ financial risks so as to providebetter banking services for economic and social development.A. plunkB. defuseC. violateD. strive45. Bothered by terrorism, world leaders are now united in their _____ for peace.A. questB. intimacyC. validationD. condo46. With his prison record and lack of experience, he’s already got two _____ against himwhen he applies for a job.A. advantagesB. aspirationsC. strikesD. knockers47. Robert has developed a ________ on his shoulder about not going to university becauseof his poor family.A. chopB. carpC. chipD. chaw48. New puter systems have made old methods of data processing _______ .A. unfazedB. pretentiousC. substantiveD. obsolete49. Although they are always at the center of things, they tend to be loners and are ____ tostress when life bees difficult.A. proneB. aboutC. motiveD. sturdy50. In recent years, young parents, female professionals, and well-educated parents are morelikely to ______ their children into more equal gender roles.A. perceiveB. dominateC. socializeD. prescribePart BDirections: In this section, there are 20 plete sentences, each with an underlined part. Replace each underlined word/phrase with one of the four items marked A, B, C and D that best keeps its meaning and mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET with a single linethrough the center.51.In view of the insecurity of online shopping, doing a little bit of research beforeA.make profitB. deceiveC. get rich quickD. make a dealA. clutchedB. intrudedC. excludedD. includeddiscipline of bioethics.A.ProposedB. imposedC. presentedD. representedwater shortage problem in North China, in the area of Three Gorges Dam it warned heavy rainfall and could trigger landslides or mudflows,A.vistaB. libidoC. damageD. fusionare opting to live apart in peace rather than together in stress.A. groanedB. trampedC. strainedD. quarrelledappreciation of the staff.A. reprimandingB. remindingC. mandingD. demandinghospitals and nursing homes across the country.A.WithB. WithoutC. ForD. AgainstA. coincide withB. agree withC. afflict withD. grapple withbody’s capacity to heal.A. excelledB. excludedC. exceededD. externalizedhousing market.A. opting forB. fighting forC. searching forD. longing forA. condonedB. appalledC. frayedD. gazed at62. With the development of science and technology, some scientists believe that soon it willA. ordinaryB. unusualC. impulsiveD. devastatingand calling the coach all sorts of names.A. beamed with prideB. petered outC. rode the waveD. got angry64. Both in revolution and in construction we should also learn from foreign countries andforeign models will get us nowhere.A. concurB. useC. attestD. impartA. influentialB. poorC. indigentD. wealthy66. We should promote quality-oriented education to cultivate hundreds of millions ofhigh-quality workers, tens of millions of specialized personnel and a great number ofA. arrogantB. outgoingC. first-rateD. convincedAmerican.A. intelligentB. diligentC. prestigiousD. attractiveannounced to delay again.A. was acting unreasonablyB. was jumping up and downC. was laughing heartilyD. was riding the wavewith alcohol and their families.A. feistyB. drunkC. mediocreD. teetotalingA. happenB. speculateC.chiselD. transmit2参考答案：1- 5 C D B C C6-10 C B C C D11-15 A B C D C16-20 C D A A B21-25 D D C A D26-30 D C D D D31-35BCADB 36-40DCCBC 41-45ADCBA 46-50CCDAC 51-55BCCCD 56-60AABCD 61-65DADBD 66-70CDABA。
Study on the Properties of the Ionosphere
Study on the Properties of theIonosphereIntroductionThe ionosphere is a region of the Earth's atmosphere that contains ionized gases, mainly oxygen and nitrogen. This region extends from about 60 to 1,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The ionosphere plays an important role in the communication, navigation and study of space weather phenomena. In this article, we will discuss the properties of the ionosphere, including its composition, structure and dynamics.Composition of the IonosphereThe composition of the ionosphere varies with altitude. At lower altitudes, the ionosphere is dominated by atomic and molecular oxygen (O and O2), while at higher altitudes, ionized nitrogen (N+) and molecular nitrogen (N2) become more prevalent. The ionization of these gases is caused by solar radiation, which strips electrons from the atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere.The ionosphere is also known for its layers, which are distinguished by their electron density profiles. The lowest layer is called the D-layer, located at about 60 to 90 kilometers above the Earth's surface. This layer is densest during the day due to ionization by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. At night, the D-layer becomes less dense due to recombination.Above the D-layer is the E-layer, located at about 90 to 120 kilometers above the Earth's surface. This layer is most active during the day and is responsible for reflecting radio waves with frequencies between 1 and 10 MHz.The F-layer is the highest layer of the ionosphere, located at about 200 to 1,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface. This layer is further divided into the F1 and F2 layers, with the F2 layer being the most important for communication purposes. The F2 layer is responsible for reflecting radio waves with frequencies between 3 and 30 MHz.Structure and Dynamics of the IonosphereThe structure of the ionosphere is influenced by a variety of factors, including solar radiation, geomagnetic activity and wind patterns. These factors can cause variations in the electron density, which can in turn affect communication and navigation systems.For example, during times of high solar activity, the ionosphere can become more ionized, leading to increased absorption of radio waves and disruption of communication and navigation systems. Similarly, geomagnetic storms can cause the ionosphere to change its shape, making it more difficult for signals to pass through.Wind patterns can also affect the ionosphere by causing variations in temperature and pressure. These variations can lead to changes in electron density and can cause the formation of structures such as plasma bubbles, which can interfere with satellite communication.ConclusionThe ionosphere is a complex region of the Earth's atmosphere that plays an important role in communication, navigation and the study of space weather phenomena. Its composition, structure and dynamics are influenced by a variety of factors, including solar radiation, geomagnetic activity and wind patterns. Understanding the properties of the ionosphere is crucial for the development and operation of communication and navigation systems, and for the study of the Earth's upper atmosphere.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14
2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Gratitude is defined as the art of showing（）for every kindness, great and small.问题1选项A.motivationB.appreciationC.affectionD.opposition【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项motivation的意思是“动机”；B选项appreciation的意思是“感激，欣赏”；C选项affection的意思是“喜爱，爱慕”；D选项opposition的意思是“反对，敌对”。
题干的意思是“感恩就是一种对大大小小的善意表达（）的艺术。
”根据首单词Gratitude （感谢；感激）我们可知空格处应填与该单词联系度最高的单词，因此B选项正确。
2.单选题Once, at a party, I was introduced to a friend of a friend. We shook hands, I told her my name, she told me hers. Then she did something that I was ever so grateful for. “Hang on,” she said. “Can you say your name again? I wasn’t really listening.” She saved me from having to later—possibly even at the same party—sheepishly admit that I, too, had already forgotten her name.An informal poll of fellow Atlantic staffers confirmed my suspicion that this is something that happens to even the most kind and conscientious among us. No sooner does someone utter the most fundamental factoid about themselves than the information flees our brains forever. There are a few reasons why this occurs:You’re not really that interested: Maybe you’re just making an appearance at this party and are planning to abscond shortly to a superior kick-back. Your level of interest can impact how well you remember something. “Some people, perhaps those who are more socially aware, are just more interested in people, more interested in relationships,” Richard Harris, professor of psycholog y at Kansas State University, told Science Daily. “They would be more motivated to remember somebody’s name.”There are two types of storage in the brain: Long-term and short-term. The short-term variety is called “working memory,” and it functions like a very leaky thermos. It doesn’t hold much and it spills stuff out all the time. “You can hold just a little bit of information there and if you don’t concentrate on it, it fades away rapidly,” Paul Reber, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, told me in an email. “Information like a name needs to be transferred to a different brain system that creates long-term memories that persist over time.”There’s not much in a name, frankly. It doesn’t actually tell you anything about the person you’re meeting, and thus it doesn’t give your brain anything to cling to. “Human memory is very good at things like faces and factual information that connects well to other information you already know,” Reber said. The name ends up neither connecting to what you already know nor standing out as unusual,” Reber said. “So you get this funny phenomenon where you can remember lots about a person you recently met—everything except their name (this happens to me all the time).”1.The author points out in the first two paragraphs that（）.2.According to Richard Harris, how well we remember a name is related to（）.3.What is the problem mentioned in Paragraph 5?4.It can be learned from Paragraph 6 that names are（）.5.What is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.we want to know how to remember other people’s nameB.we often feel sorry for forgetting other people’s nameC.it is important to remember other people’s nameD.it is just common to forget other people’s name问题2选项A.whether it is necessary to do itB.whether the name is easy to rememberC.how good our memory isD.how interested we are in that person问题3选项A.Limit of working memory.B.Confusing information.C.Malfunction of the brain.D.Too much information.问题4选项A.symbolicB.pointlessC.uniquermative问题5选项A.What’s in a name?B.What’s your name, again?C.Don’t forget my nameD.That’s my name【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。
小学上册第4次英语第三单元自测题[含答案]
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小学上册英语第三单元自测题[含答案]英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1 How many legs does a typical insect have?A. SixB. EightC. FourD. Ten答案: A2 _____ (植物演化) shows how species adapt over time.3 A spring can store ______ (potential) energy.4 I enjoy _______ (参与)学校活动。
5 My ______ loves to engage in discussions.6 A _______ change is when the appearance changes, but the substance remains the same. (物理)7 The _____ (车) is parked outside.8 The cheetah is the fastest ______ (动物) on land.9 I have _____ stickers in my album. (many)10 The _____ (starfish) is unique.11 Women gained the right to vote in the United States in __________ (1920年).12 An acid-base indicator changes color at a specific _____.13 What is the name of the famous landmark in Egypt?A. Great WallB. PyramidsC. ColosseumD. Eiffel Tower答案: B14 Many plants have _____ (根系) that spread underground.15 The cow moos _______ (发出声音) in the field.16 Certain plants have ______ that allow them to survive in cold climates. (某些植物有耐寒的特性，使它们能够在寒冷的气候中生存。
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a r X i v :h e p -p h /9712238v 1 2 D e c 1997hep-ph/9712238An Updated Analysis on Atmospheric Neutrinos∗M.C.Gonzalez-Garcia 1.2,H.Nunokawa 1,O.Peres 1,T.Stanev 3and J.W.F.Valle 11Instituto de F´ısica Corpuscular -C.S.I.C.Departament de F´ısica Te`o rica,Universitat de Val`e ncia46100Burjassot,Val`e ncia,Spain2Instituto de F´ısica Te´o rica,Universidade Estadual PaulistaRua Pamplona 145,01405–900S˜a o Paulo,Brazil3Bartol Research Institute,University of DelawareNewark,Delaware 197161,USAWe have reanalysed the atmospheric neutrino data including new results from Super-Kamiokande and Soudan-II experiments,under the assumption of two-flavor neutrino os-cillation.We present the allowed region of oscillation parameters for the νµ→ντchannel.In performing this re-analysis we also take into account some recent theoretical improve-ments in the flux calculations.The atmospheric neutrino anomaly [1]observed in Kamiokande [2]and IMB [3]has recently been confirmed by new results from Super-Kamiokande [4]and Soudan-II [5].The significance of the problem is usually expressed in terms of the double ratio,R ≡(N µ/N e )observed /(N µ/N e )predicted ,where N µand N e stand for the number of µand e -like events,respectively.All the experiments,except for Frejus [6]and NUSEX [7],are observing the deficit in the double ratio,R ≃0.6.The most natural and simplest solution to this problem is given by the two-flavor neutrino oscillation,either due to νµ−ντor νµ−νe channel,the latter being most likely disfavoured by the recent result from the CHOOZ experiment [8].Under this assumption,we have re-analysed the atmospheric neutrino data coming from Kamiokande [2],IMB [3],Frejus [6],Nusex [7],as well as those new (preliminary)ones coming from Super-Kamiokande [4]and Soudan-II [5].In our analysis we have used one of the latest calculations of atmospheric neutrino flux [9]which,in general,depends on energy and direction of neutrinos and solar activity,as well as experimental site,due to the geomagnetic effect.In our analysis we have also included the effect of production point distribution of neutrinos [10],which should,in principle,be taken into account in the determination of the oscillation parameters.We have performed a detailed χ2analysis,treating separately the µand e -like data,but taking into account the correlation of errors.This is better than using the double ratio R ,due to its non-Gaussian nature,as suggested in ref.[11].We present in Fig.1our (preliminary)results for the νµ−ντoscillation channel,in (a)for each experiment and in (b)for combined result.We notice that the allowed region is mostly determined by new results from Super-Kamiokande multi-GeV binned data.We obtained the best fit point around sin 22θ∼1and ∆m 2∼10−3eV 2.Let us note that the best fit value of ∆m 2is now lower than the one in the pre-Super-Kamiokande era.More detailed description and discussion of the analysis,including the case for νµ−νe channel,will be given in ref.[12].0.00.20.40.60.8 1.0sin 22θ10−510−410−310−210−110∆m 2(e V 2)Kam sub−GeV IMB Frejus NUSEX Soudan−IIKam multi−GeV binnedSuper−Kam sub−GeV binned Super−Kam multi−GeV binned(a) 90 % C. L.0.00.20.40.60.8 1.0sin 22θ10−510−410−310−210−110∆m 2 (e V 2)90 % 99 %(b) All combinedFig.1:In (a)we plot the individual contour for each experiment for 90%C.L.and in (b)we plot the combined results for 90and 99%C.L.In (a)the regions right to the curves are allowed except for Frejus and NUSEX.References[1]For reviews,see for e.g.,T.Kajita,in Physics and astrophysics of neutrinos ,p.559,ed.by M.Fukugita and A.Suzuki,Tokyo,Springer-Verlag,1994;T.Stanev,Nucl.Phys.(Proc.Suppl)B 48(1996)165.[2]Kamiokande Collaboration,H.S.Hirata et al.,Phys.Lett.B205(1988)416and Phys.Lett.B280,(1992)146;Y.Fukuda et al.,Phys.Lett.B335,(1994)237.[3]IMB Collaboration,D.Casper et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.66,2561(1991);R.Becker-Szendy etal.,Phys.Rev.D46,3720(1992).[4]Super-Kamiokande Collaboration,Y.Totsuka,talk at the Lepton-Photon ’97,August 1997,Hamburg,Germany;E.Kearns,talk at TAUP97,LNGS,Assergi,Italy,September 1997.[5]Soudan-II Collaboration,T.Kafka,talk at Taup 97,LNGS,Assergi,Italy,September 1997.[6]Fr´e jus Collaboration,Ch.Berger et al.,Phys.Lett.B227,489(1989).[7]NUSEX Collaboration,M.Aglietta et al.,Europhys.Lett.8(1989)611.[8]M.Apollonio et al.,CHOOZ Collaboration,preprint,hep-ex/9711002.[9]V.Agrawal et al.,Phys.Rev.D53,1314(1996);T.K.Gaisser and T.Stanev,in Proc.24thICRC,Vol.1,p.694(Rome 1995).[10]T.K.Gaisser and T.Stanev,preprint BRI-97-28,astro-ph/9708146.[11]G.L.Fogli,E.Lisi and D.Montanino,Phys.Rev.D49(1994)3626;G.L.Fogli,E.Lisi,Phys.Rev.D52(1995)2775.[12]M.C.Gonzalez-Garcia,H.Nunokawa,O.Peres,J.W.F.Valle,T.Stanev,in preparation.2。