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高中英语Unit 21 Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained教案1 北师大版选修7Teaching aims1.words and phrases：nguage points in the text3.reading strategies4.exercises about text5.vocabulary:synonymsTeaching timeTwo periods(两课时连堂)Teaching processStep 1 Revisionhave a diction about the new words in lesson 2Step 2 learn the new words of lesson 31.ask some students to read the new words first and correct their pronunciation2.play the tape and have them read after the tape3.give them a few minutes to read the new words freely, tell them if they can’t read the words, encourage them to ask the teacher .step 3 reading1.ask students read the key words in exercise 1 and guess their meaning.2.let them discuss in pairs which of these diseases can be or are epidemics2.do exercise 2 by themselves in pairs.then check their answers on page 1033.let the students read Reading Strategies.4.students then read quickly through the text to get a general idea of it.5.students complete the text with the missing paragraphs.6.check their answers by having individuals read out the complete text.7.give students a few minutes to do exercise 4.step 4 language points1.epidemics explained2.epidemics throughout history3.with new health threats on the rise.4.look at5.since the beginning of life on earth6.as long as7.as early as 430 BC8.on record9.be attempt to do sth.10.sweep through11.die from the disease12.be known as13.a lack of14.provide the perfect conditions for..15.in highly populated areas all over Europe16.one half to lne third of the population was lost to the Black Death17.it is believed to be…18. die of the fludie in the war19.begin with,end with20.the number of21.such as22.natural defences23.be harmful to24.make up25.expand acrossstep 5 vocabulary:synonyms1.exercise 6a)ask the students to do the exercise individually.b)then check their answers2.exercise 7.a)ask some students to come to the blackboard to do the exerciseb)check their answersstep 6 Homeworkcopy the new words。
Language Awareness-2学习目标：By the end of this class, you will be able toreview Grammar Summary about modal verbs and expressions from the context.学习过程一、预习交流Choose proper pronounsWhen I learned that my 71-year-old mother was playing Scrabble—a word game—against _____(her; herself; me; myself), _____(I; she; they; we) knew I had to do _____(anything; everything; nothing; something). My husband suggested _____(we; us; me; ours) give her a computer to play against. I wasn’t sure _____(my; his; their; her) mother was ready for it. After all, _____ had taken 15 years to persuade _____(him; them; her; herself) to buy an electric cooker. Even so, we packed up _____(their; our; ours; theirs) old computer and delivered it to my parents’ home. And so began m y mother’s adventure in the world of computers.二. 合作探究Fill in a proper pronoun then check with your partnerIt also marke d the beginning of an unusual teaching task for___. I’ve taught people of all ages, but __never thought I would be teaching ___mother how to do_______. She has been the ____teaching ___all ___life: to cook and sew; to enjoy the good times and put up with the bad. Now ___was ___ turn to give ________back.三. 分层提高To avoid ambiguous reference:The following sentences are not unified or coherent. Please improve them.Faulty: 1.He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.Revised: __________________________________________________________________ Faulty: 2. I’m going to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because he is a dramatist I like. Revised: ____________________________________________________________________ Faulty: 3. Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. Don’t rely on your teachers’help.Revised: _______________________________________________________________________ Faulty: 4. Those who wish to take Linguisti cs are expected to sign his name on this sheet of paper.Revised: _______________________________________________________________________四. 总结归纳Which of the modal verbs and expressions in blue express:a) obligation b) lack of obligat ionc) speculation d) predictione) possibility/ability?1。
高中英语Unit 21 Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained教案2 北师大版选修7agree with ,agree to ,agree on 用法agree with ,agree to ,agree on 都可以表示同意；agree to 一般表示个人同意，而agree on 表示对...取得一致意见，达成共识。
agree with 还可以表示与（气候或食物等）相适合.1. They agreed on the project at last.最后他们就这项工程达成了共识。
2. I agree with you =I agree with what you said.我同意你的话。
3. We agreed on a price for the car.我们商定了这辆汽车的价格。
4. The climate here doesn’t agree with me .我不适应这儿的气候。
5. Do you agree to that plan?你同意那个计划吗？6. He has agreed to the arrangement?他已经同意了那个安排。
7. Do you agree with what I have just said ?你同意我刚刚说的吗？8. Your story agrees with what I have heard.你说的话与我听到的一致。
agree with 后面一般跟某人或是某人说的话；后面还可以跟words。
agree to 后面一般跟建议、议案、计划、安排等。
agree on 后面一般跟表示具体协议的文件、计划等。
determine 与decide1． We determined to get the work done before May Day.我们决定在五一之前把工作做完。
2． He has determined that nothing can prevent him doing what he wants to do .他已经决定没什么能阻止他想做的事情。
Unit 21 Human BiologyEpidemics throughout historyWith recent news reports connected Bird Flu with a killer epidemic in the past , Jim Smith looks through the history of epidemics for clues about what the future might hold.Bacteria and viruses have been around since the beginning of life on Earth and many of today’s diseases have existed as long as humans have. It is important to look at the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics , and hopefully , foresee and prevent them in the future, especially as scientists proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus of the Spanish Flu.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire . This epidemic ， which was called Justinian’s Plague , swept through North Africa , the Middle East and Europe. Scientists now guess that up to 50% of the area’s population died from this epidemic making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.In the 1330’s , the epidemic returned , this time in Asia . This spread rapidly and became known as “The Black Death ” as one symptom was black spots on the body . In urban areas all over Europe , Asia , Africa and the Middle East , up to one half of the population was lost to the Black Death .Another epidemic that spread in similar conditions was the Spanish Flu. It struck about 1918-1920 and left families mourning worldwide. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months , with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old . More people died of the flu than died in the war .Yet , somehow , it was forgotten by history until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern . The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a lung disease in Guangdong Province and spread quickly after Dr Liu Jianjun, the carrier , came to Hong Kong and passed the virus to people who carried it to Canada , Vietnam and Singapore.Over nine months , 8000 cases were reported in over 30 countries across five different continents and 774 people died . Although these statistics are much less impressive than those for the Spanish Flu , SARS was still very alarming for a few key reasons.Generally, SARS symptoms include a high fever, body aches, and headaches. However, as the illness progresses, most patients eventually develop pneumonia. The SARS virus spreads mainly by close human contact, either through the air or surface-touching.No one really knew much about SARS as it was completely new. This meant that there were no prescription drugs or tablets to treat it and doctors were not sure how to prevent it either.Since most people had no natural defences against the disease, it was also harmful to the doctors and nurses treating SARS patients.Since the SARS epidemic ended , scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks . Modern communication technology and medical research techniques allow health experts all over the world to unite , share knowledge , and work together without pause to help put SARS behind us.Meanwhile , governments worldwide have also underlined the fact that thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible . Countries will need to work together to do this as the SARS epidemic proved how teamwork among nations can save lives. With all the international effort being made, We have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.Word Bankacute (adj.) ---severe (严重的), sharp （剧烈的）adaptation (n.)-----changecancer (n.)------a kind of disease which can always cause deathcarrier(n.) ----person or animal that can transmit(传染) a disease to others .epidemic(n.) ---disease spreading quickly among many people in the same place for a time, eg.Bird flu , SARSempire (n.)---countries under a single ruler or ruling power . eg. The Roman Empireforesee (v.)----predictfaith(n.) ---confidencemourn(v.) ---feel or show sorrow or regret for the loss of sb/sthprohibit(v.) ---forbid(禁止) sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws , rules or regulations. Eg.Smoking is prohibited.pause(v./n.) ---temporary (暂时的) stop in action or speech.press(n.) --- the news sections of mediaprescription(n.) --- doctors write instruction(说明) for the use of a medicine.rebuild(v.)---build it againroutine(n.) --- regular rule ;statistics (n.)---collection of information show in numberssymptom (n.)---change in the body that indicates （表明）an illnesssystematic (adj.) ---done or acting according to a system or plan.trial (n.) ---experiment, test.tissue(n.) ---mass of cells forming the body of an animal or plant.tablet(n.) ---pill(药片)thorough (adj.)---done completely and with great attention to detail.teamwork(n.)---work togetherurban(adj.) ---situated in or living in a cityunite(adj.)---come or join togetherunderline(v.)---draw a line under a word or sentence.wipe out(v.)---destroyed completelyReading Task 2: Try to put the words into proper part according to the textReading Task 1: Read Para 5-9 and fill the chart with the detail informationPart 2: ___________were reported in over ____ countries across ______different continents and ______ people died .Part1: Introduction The SARS epidemic began in______. with _______________in Guangdong Province Part 1: name 、 time 、 cause Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Part 5:____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________The File of an epidemicTime: February 2014Area:West Africa Treatment:1.There’s no cure for E bola, thoughresearchers are working on it.2.There’s no vaccine（疫苗） to preventEbola.3. Treatment includes an experimental serum(血清) that destroys infected cells.The number of People infected and died1.7373 died2.More than 20,000 people infectedDescription of the virus:1.hide for up to 21 days,2.a death rate （死亡率）of up to 90 percent.3.a flat red area covered with small bumps（疙瘩）4. Human-to-human transmission of the virus occursthrough direct contact with infected people, or theirbody fluids（体液）Cause:The Ebola virus first appeared during two 1976 outbreaks in Africa.Scientists believe fruit bats（狐蝠）are the cause of infection。
Unit21 Leon 3参考教案2 iing inute to doSte oing i trict ateria在处理易爆物时, 严格禁止吸烟。
考点聚焦1）派生词：oing i doing。
如：The high cot of the machine being wideoing i ______________in mot theater2）Modet______________ me from aing what ha tudent wi get in the fina-term Engih eam 很难预知我的学生将会在期末英语考试中取得什么样的成绩。
The government foreaw that there woud be a raent政府预知失业人数将大大下降。
考点聚焦1）派生词：foreeeabe ad 可预知的foreeeing adv 深谋远虑地2）同义词：forete v 预言，预测 a ee在走向成功的路途中能够预见到困难的人常常能保持冷静的态度。
4）foreeeabe ad 可预知的, 能预测的。
如：The tatue wi remain in the mueum for the foreeeabe future短期内这座雕像将留在博物馆。
活学活用14 单句改错。
He foreee that e这种病可以在很短的时间里在全体人口中流行开来。
Rumor wee time he wa ot to the word 她曾经与世隔绝。
6 attemae an effort to tr to do th 企图、试图做某事The attemfu to/ do harm to b or th对……有害egThe nowtorm and the ow temendou harm to the Chinee tranetime it’ quite necear for u to ade, we have to have faith that there wi be …① with n v-ing / v-ed 作原因状语。
2021届北京市第一五四中学高三英语期末考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhat to See InHarbinParks inHarbin: Snow Sculpture Expo on theSunIslandPark: massive and beautifully carved sculptures of snow. Ice Lantern Festival: where large ice buildings and statues constructed with lights inside that make them glow.SiberianTigerPark: The park has several large caged areas where the tigers roam freely and live as they-would in their natural environment. We enter these caged areas in a specially designed van with large windows to get a look at these beautiful beasts. Live pheasants (雉) are let loose (if you pay) in order to show you the tigers' natural hunting skills.Russian Architecture: Blessed with grace and character, the city is famous for its unique, Russian-influenced architecture. Remnants (残存) from the days when Harbin wasan important stop on the Russian Manchurian Railroad, the dome-shaped structures remind people of pre-revolutionary Russia. The strong Russian flavor continues to impact the city today due to new trade and tourism betweenHarbinandRussia.TheCentral Avenue: Passers-by only street, a perfect remaining part of the busy international business activities at the turn of the 20th century. The 1.4-km long street is a worthy museum of European architectural styles, including Baroque and Byzantine facades, Jewish architectural wonders, little Russian bakeries, French fashion houses, American snack food outlets, and Japanese restaurants.Guogeli Avenue:Harbin's second biggest shopping district dotted with Russian buildings. A tram track is still preserved in the centre of the road. The street is named after Nikolay (Vasilyevich) Gogol (1809-1852); great Russian novelist, dramatist, satirist, founder of the so-called critical realism in Russian literature, best-known for his novel MERTVYE DUSHI I-II (1842, Dead Souls).Saint Sophia Church (built in 1903): The Orthodox church is a wonderful example of Russian Architecture. We only tour the outside of the church. The inside has been turned into some painters' market and is a big disappointment to all who visit it. You are welcome to venture into the church. Entrance fees are RMB20 per person.1. From where does the author look at the tigers?A. Through the windows of his house.B. In the closed areas of tigers.C. In the areas for walking.D. In their natural environment.2. Where can visitors see the most diverse styles of architecture?A. At Ice Lantern Festival.B. On the Russian Manchurian Railroad.C. On TheCentral Avenue.D. OnGuogeli Avenue.3. When walking in the city ofHarbin, what can visitors still strongly feel?A. The Russian flavor.B. The influence of Guogeli's realism.C. The damage to Saint Sophia Church.D. The mixture of American and Japanese cultures.BAs summer approaches, many kids and teenagers may find that they have more time in hand. One great way to make use of the extra time is to go on an adventure and travel. Clearly, I am not a naturally adventurous person, but I have found that takingthe risk and challenging myself to explore and travel to unfamiliar places can be a very rewarding experience.Because I am usually quite busy during the school year, most of my travels take place during the summer. Over the past few summers, I have hiked in the Grand Canyon, explored Niagara Falls, and camped out in upstate New York. Although these experiences are varied, they are similar in that they instill (灌输) a sense of appreciation for nature and a more balanced view on life. When I hiked in the Grand Canyon, for example, I was in awe(敬畏) of the geological influences that shaped the canyon.Adventures, of course, are not limited to hiking. There are many other choices, such as camping, volunteering in a foreign environment and travelling to different countries. In my opinion, adventures are more enjoyable with family or a few friends. There is a sense of bonding that one only gets through spending time together in outdoor adventures. For example, when I was in Boy Scouts, I often went on weekend camping trips with my friends. When I came back from a Boy Scouts camping trip, I often was eager to go outside more and explore the parks and nature around me.Next fall, I will attend college. In the meantime though, I hope to make the most of my summer to explore and travel. Now, I am planning on hiking and camping out in Maine.When I visited Maine last fall, I was amazed by how beautiful it was and the tall trees and coasts that exist, and I really hope to enjoy the beauty of nature there this summer.4. We can learn from the first paragraph about the author?A. He is an adventurous person by natureB. He likes challenging himself by travellingC. He enjoys travelling with other adventurersD He needs others’ help when going on an adventure5. Which of the following can make people’s adventure more enjoyable according to the author？A. Going to different countries.B. Going to unfamiliar places.C. Travelling withtheir family or friends.D. Travelling to distant places by themselves.6. What will the author do this summer？A. Explore Niagara Falls.B. Hike in the Grand Canyons.C. Camp out in upstate New York.D. Hike and camp out in Maine.7. Who is probably the author?A. A high school student.B. A college student.C. A friendly guide.D. A warm-hearted teacher.CSpain's tourism industry is looking to Chinese tourists for its high-endmarket, according to Rafael Cascales, president of the Spain-China Tourism Association (ATEC). “It is the kind of tourism that is not only interested in the sun, beach and the “all-included” culture. They enjoy culture, wine, history and nature, and the new Chinese tourists would also want to spend more money in Spain," said Cascales in a recent interview with Xinhua.“They are younger, more women travel and they are more cosmopolitan (见多识广的).They also travel on their own or in couples or in smaller groups. The old-fashioned large groups of visitors have not disappeared, but this new form of traveling is becoming more important,55he said.Speaking of the consumption pattern of the new kind of Chinese tourists, Cascales said, “The money they spend is distributed better because they will book one flight with one airline, the hotel with another company and the restaurant with another.” In his eyes, “Chinese tourists are very important because they combine two things: there are a large number of them and they spend more money than anyone else — almost four times more than tourists from other countries." They not only travel abroad in the summer months when Spain has to compete with the sun and beaches in countries such as Turkey and Egypt, but also travel in the off-peak seasons of a year, according to Cascales.In 2017, Spain is the second most popular tourist destination in the world, only after France. It attracted about 82 million visitors, 700,000 of them from China, a number which is estimated to rise to about 2.2 million by 2022.“We are ready; we have the infrastructure (基础设施) at every level, especially in hotel capacity. Here thosevisitors can find what they are looking for, including the luxury items which distinguish them,” Cascales noted.8. What are the features of the new Chinese tourists according to Cascales?A. They are cautious about spending money in Spain.B. They are likely to travel in smaller groups now.C. They are only interested in the sun and beach.D. They are mainly male visitors of middle age.9. What can we learn about the consumption pattern of new Chinese tourists?A. They will reserve flights and hotels with different companies.B. They will spend less money than tourists from other countries.C. They will travel abroad only during the off-peak seasons.D. They will spend the money in different cities.10. What is done to meet the demands of Chinese tourists?A. Local cultures in Spain are promoted.B. Well-furnished hotels are provided.C. Best and expensive items are offered for free.D. More shopping sites are constructed.11. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce the tourism industry of Spain.B. To show Spain's desire to attract Chinese tourists.C. To describe the features of Chinese tourists.D. To advertise Spain as a top tourist destination.DBeing an Olympian (奥运会选手) demands focus, determination, and a competitive spirit. Plus, representing your country is a lot of pressure. However, two athletes recently showed the world another quality that is definitely worth championing.Qatar's Mutaz Essa Barshim and Italy's Gianmarco Tamberi were competing in the high jump on Sunday when they reached a stalemate (僵局). Both men had managed to jump over a surprising 2.37 meters with no faults along the way. However, after three attempts neither managed the next level of 2.39 meters.An Olympic official suggested ajump-offbetween the two friends and rivals (竞争对手) to determine who would get the gold medal. But Barshim had another plan to reward their efforts.“Can we have two golds?” he asked the official.The official agreed and the two men jumped for joy. This was the first time a gold medal had been shared since 1912. “He is one of my best friends, not only on the track, but outside the track. We work together. This is a dream come true.” shared Barshim.The decision to share the medal was particularly meaningful to Tamberi. The Italian had suffered an ankle injury that prevented him from competing in the Rio Olympics in 2016, and it nearly put an end to his career altogether. So this year he brought along his cast to this year's Olympics with “Road to Tokyo 2021” to inspire him along the way.For Barshim, the gold has topped off his already impressive medal collection, having received a bronze and a silver medal in 2012 and 2016 respectively.Despite all the glory of receiving a gold medal for their countries, their achievement means so much more. These two individuals, trying to do their very best for their countries, have provided a wonderful example to all those competing in sports. They've summed up exactly what it means to take part in a global event with a generous and compassionate (有同情心的) spirit.12. What happened to Barshim and Tamberi in the competition?A. They ended in a tie.B. They quit the competition.C. They set a new record.D. They ran out of strength.13. What does the underlined word “jump-off” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Debate.B. Vote.C. Celebration.D. Extra round.14. Why was the gold medal particularly meaningful to Tamberi?A. It could bring him a lot of money.B. It may make up for his regret in 2016.C. It was a glory for his country.D. It could complete his medal collection.15. What does the author mainly want to convey in the text?A. The importance of sharing.B. The glory of winning gold medals.C. The valuable and special team spirit.D. The considerate and sharing Olympic spirit.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年北京市第一五四中学高三英语月考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AF the Art World competition.Prize -The winner of each type will get the chance to display their artworks in a week-long exhibition inChelsea,New York..Eligibility - Open to artists all over the world..Entry Fee(参赛费)-$24 for a maximum of 3 submitted(提交的)photos..Date of Exhibition - From 25thApril to 2ndMay.F the Art World is an international art competition organized by which is quite unusual, compared to other competitions. The artworks are not judged on the basis of creativity and skill. Instead, they're judged by the depth of the subject matter. The subject this year is “A Competition About Change”, where artists can try and show how they'd like to change humanity in a good way.Notes*For this competition, there are three types for submissions, namely: street art, fine art, and digital art.*Each type will have a winner as chosen by the organizers and all the winners will have the wonderful chance to exhibit their works at the Unarthodox Gallery inNew Yorkin a week-long exhibition.*All the winners will also receive 100% of the sale price when any of their artworks are sold!Winners will also be displayed on the website and the entrants' artworks will also be displayed in the opening ceremony(仪式)as well.1.What is special about F the Art World Competition?AIt is free to attend.B.It lasts for over a week.C.It is open to artists inNew York.D.It centers on the depth of the artworks.2.What will the winners get?A.Prize money.B.A chance to visit an exhibition.C.A written judgement of their artworks.D.Money from the sale of their artworks.3.Where will the entrants' artworks be shown?A.In the street.B.In the opening ceremony.C.On the website.D.At the market.BOnline education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials. Its attractiveness, benefits, and challenges are addressed.In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral program. However, the first question out of her mouth was, “Do you offer any online courses?” Later that day, as I was reading the conference program guide trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realize at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.My responsibilities for the term included gaining more understanding of online education. Consequently, I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognize the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regular classroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programs at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two faculty members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.4. What benefits the development of online education?A. Teachers’ good teaching ability.B. Lack of traditional classrooms.C. Learners’ access to free courses.D. The rapid advance of technology.5. Why did the author take a student for example?A. To show students’ love for the doctoral program.B. To persuade learners of traditional education.C. To explain the growing trend of online education.D. To predict the future of the teaching career.6. What caused the author to know more about online education?A. The appetite for knowledge.B. The professional responsibilities.C. The requirement of research.D. The colleagues’ encouragement.7. What is the author’s attitude to online education?A. Carefree.B. Doubtful.C. Supportive.D. Unwilling.CYou run into the grocery store to quickly pick up your item. You grab what you need and head to the front of the store. After quickly sizing up the check-out lines, you choose the one that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People getting in other lines long after you have already checked out and headed to the parking lot. Why does this seem to always happen to you?Well, as it turns out, it's just math that is working against you. A grocery store tries to have enough employees at the checkout lines to get all their customers through with minimum delay. But sometimes, like on a Sunday afternoon, they get super busy. Because most grocery stores don't have the physical space to add more checkout lines, their system becomes overburdened. Some small interruption — a price check, a particularly talkative customer — will have downstream effects, holding up the entire line behind them.If there are three lines at the store, these delays will happen randomly at different registers (收银台). Think about the probability. The chances of your line being that fastest one are only one in three, which means you have a two-thirds chance of not being in the fastest line. So it's not just in your mind: Another line is probably moving faster thanyours.Now, mathematicians have come up with a good solution, which they call queuing theory, to this problem: Just make all customers stand in one long snaking line, called a serpentine line, and serve each person at the front with the next available register. With three registers, this method is about three times faster on average than the more traditional approach. This is what they do at most banks, Trader Joe's, and some fast-food places. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow everyone down a little bit.8. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Queuing in a line.B. A shopping experience.C. A rush in the morning.D. Cutting in a line.9. According to the article, what may cause delays in checking out?A. The lack of employees in the grocery store.B. Some unexpected delays of certain customers.C. The increasing items bought by customers.D. A worsening shopping system of the store.10. What is the solution given by mathematicians?A. Employing more workers for checking out.B. Limiting the number of queuing people.C. Making only one line available.D. Always standing in the same line.11. What's the principle behind the queuing theory?A. To pursue the maximum benefit.B. To leave success or failure to luck.C. To avoid the minimum loss.D. To spread the risk equally among everyone.DThe first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, thefalloutfrom second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors weremore affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm(prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. ''Overreaction to Fearsome Risks'' holds true for broader society.For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.12. The first two paragraphs suggest that________.A. bad medical outcomes affect doctorsB delivering babies can be difficult workC. some doctors are not very experiencedD. doctors sometimes make silly mistakes13. In the blood-thinner study, doctors________.A. tend to prescribe less effective medicineB. are more concerned about the patients' safetyC. become less confident in writing a prescriptionD. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding14. What does the underlined word ''fallout'' in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. ResultB. BenefitC. DifferenceD. Absence15. The author will probably agree that________.A. we should not doubt our own decisionsB. our experience will pave way for our futureC. humans are emotional and irrational on the wholeD. instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directions第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届北京市第一五四中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThere are different types of money-saving apps, such as JD Finance, Yu’E Bao, Ant Financial, and all of them work in different ways. Here are 3 of the best apps that can help you save much money.Capital One ShoppingCapital One Shopping can compare prices automatically as you shop online. As you add items to your cart at an online seller, this app will search the web for better deals and coupon codes(优惠码). You can follow the links to other sellers offering a better price and use the available codes tosave. You can even use this app while shopping at physical shops.ParibusThere’s nothing more upsetting than buying something and then seeing it for sale at a lower price a few days later. Wouldn’t it be nice to get that money back? Now you can. Paribus helps you get money back by tracking your purchases from major stores and discussing refunds. It also helps you get compensated (补偿) for late deliveries and makes sure you don’t leave it too late to return anything you bought.DigitIf you can’t figure out how much you can afford to save, Digit will analyze your spending habits and spare a certain amount to your savings. If the appknows you have spare money to save, then it will be moved automatically, and if you don’t, it will stop, so there’s no risk of being left with no cash for the basics. You can sign up for a free trial for a month, and after that, the monthly service charge is $5.1. If you want your money back, what app will you choose?A. Digit.B. Paribus.C. Yu’E Bao.D. Capital One Shopping.2. What can you do by using Digit?A. Offer the most favorable price.B. Track detailed information of goods.C. Analyze spending habits to save money.D. Compare prices of products while shopping.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To introduce useful apps for saving money.B. To advertise various products online.C. To improve the power of spending.D. To help to manage spare money.BNowadays medical technology seems to be advanced enough for doctors to perform brain transplants (移植). Though this procedure (程序) has only been successfully performed on animals so far, doctors are still hopingto perform this procedure on humans. However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with. Hopefully these dangerous side effects will convince doctors not to perform this procedure on humans.Despite many benefits technology brings. I do not think this medical technology of brain transplants will help. We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adults our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique. A person with a different brain would seem to be a total stranger and in many ways they would be. No one should steal our identity from us, even if we are seriously injured, and change it to a completely new one. Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should not be given to anyone else.Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains. An elderly person who has died would have an aged brain that would not be as efficient as younger person’s brain. Then would doctors have to find healthy brains of the same age as the person who needs it? This could also bring up other factors such as intelligence, sex, or physical problems that a person might have had before death. Also another problem might be how long a brain can be kept “alive” after death and how it can be kept “alive” without damage.Overall. my feelings about this operation are that it should not be done on humans until doctors have overcome all the problems and challenges that stand in their way of making human brain transplants successful.4. Why does the author think brain transplants should not be performed at all?A. The cost of the operation is extremely high.B. Doctors are not able to perform brain transplants.C. A good many problems and side effects may arise.D. This procedure has only been successful on animals5. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. People shouldn’t give their healthy brains to others.B. Having a brain transplant means losing one’s identity.C. Transplanting brains is changing old brains into new ones.D. Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity from others.6. What is the writers’ attitude towards brain transplants an humans?A. indifferentB. favorableC. disapprovingD. objective7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To encourage brain donation.B. To stress the importance of brain operation.C. Toargue against brain transplants on humans.D. To introduce the technology of brain transplants.CToo much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn andeven reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.A second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood.But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don't ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人）may watch lots of TV.Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15. These with college degrees had watch an averageof less than two hours of TV per week night during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2.5 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to increasing findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms.8. According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _________.A. have had computers in their bedroomsB. not be interested in mathC. be unable to go to collegeD. have watched a lot of TV9. What is the researchers' understanding of the New Zealand study results?A. Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV.B. Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest.C. The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain.D. TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds.10. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms.B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV.C. More time should be spent on computers.D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done11. What would be the best title for this text?A. Computers or TelevisionB. Effects of Television on ChildrenC. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Children's Learning HabitsDTo stay healthy and fit, Chinesestudents do group exercises every day at school. Most of you probably do the same set of exercises. But some school exercises have grown popular online due to their local and innovative designs.Singing in Sichuan dialects with energetic movements and unique mask-changing is not just a Sichuan Opera performance. It’s the routine exercise for students of Mianyang Foreign Languages Experimental School in Sichuan province.“Sichuan Opera is a local opera, and it is now facing a gap in inheritance (传承). Therefore, we cooperated with Mianyang Intangible Cultural Heritage Center to create a simple and easy-to-learn Sichuan Opera exercise,” said Shen Junhua, who is in charge of organizing the school’s exercise between classes.According to Shen, this new type of exercise has been practiced since 2017 and has been popular among students. When students enroll (入学), they will spend several weeks practicing it. At present, almost all of the students and teachers have mastered it.“In fact, we had hardly heard of Sichuan Opera before teachers taught us how to do the Sichuan Opera exercise,” said Li Yangwenwen, 14, an eighth grade student who also joined the school’s Sichuan Opera club out of interest. “It’s very different from normal exercises. After practicing it, we found it very beautiful and became interested in it. Now, almost all of the students look forward to our daily exercise time and feel excited to do it.”“By combining opera with daily exercise, the daily class activity allows students to perceive and understand Sichuan Opera’s culture”, Shen said. “After years of continuous effort to spread the seeds of traditional culture, the younger generation is finally catching on.”12. What do students in Shen’s school do during the group exercise?A. They do normal exercise .B. They sing pop songs in Sichuan dialects.C. They do mask-changing in a Sichuan Opera performance.D. They combine group exercise with Sichuan Opera.13. Why do they adopt the new type of exercise?A. To attract new students to the school.B. To inherit local culture.C. To create an easy-to-learn exercise.D. To make the school’s group exercise popular.14. How do teachers and students react to the group exercise?A. Calm.B. Indifferent.C. Enthusiastic.D. Uninterested.15. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Shen’s continuous effort is highly praised.B. The younger generation will have a stronger body.C. The students can better understand their local culture.D. Students help to spread the seeds of traditional culture toyounger generation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
