名词所有格名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式;名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要包括\'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式;A. 's 所有格的用法1. 表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加\'s;例如:Jim's bed,the man's wife,children's toys,the fox's tail2. 以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"'s";例如:the students' books,Teachers' Day,my boss' office,a girls' dormitory3.有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格;例如:today's newspaper, five minutes' walk, a ton's weight, a dollar's worth of stamps, the moon's rays4.表示两者共同拥有的人或物共有时,只需要后一个名词加's或'即可;如果表示两者各自的所属关系各自所有,则每个名词词尾都加上's或';例如:Joan and Jane's room房间属二人共同所有Joan's and Jane's room指Joan和Jane各自的房间an hour and a half’s walk 步行一个半小时的路程5. 's所有格所修饰的词的省略现象1表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略;例如: I met her at the doctor'soffice.我在诊所遇见了她; He has gone to the tailor'sshop.他到服装店去了; She went to Mr.Black'shouseyesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了;2名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复;例如: Whose pen is thisIt's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔是汤姆的; The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的;B. of 所有格的用法--- of所有格由of加名词构成,其用法归纳如下:1. of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中;例如:a map of the world,the story of a hero,the windows of the room,the title of the film2. 用于名词化的词;例如:the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖3. 修饰词较多时也可用of所有格;例如:the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴4. 表示有生命的东西的名词,有时也可以用of所有格;例如:the children of the family 那家的孩子们5. 某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换;the son of a poor peasant=a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子6.某些of所有格和's所有格互换,有时含义却不相同,请比较下面的例子:an old woman's story一个老妇人讲自己的身世the story of an old woman别人讲一个老妇人的身世起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用’s;例 room number,tooth brush's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成"of+所有格"形式,即双重的所有格;它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与"one of..."相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词;此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等;它的主要形式如下:1.名词+of+名词性物主代词;例如:a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历2.名词+of+'s所有格;例如:He is a friend of my sister's.=one of my sister's friends 他是我姐姐的一个朋友Look at that long nose of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子;感情色彩试比较:a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张本人的照片a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张具有的照片中的一张照片3.不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词some,any,many,no,few 等以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式;例如:most of the students 学生中的大多数three of them 他们中的三个人I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read你读过琼瑶的哪一本书D. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别请仔细比较下面三句话:1.She is Mary's brother's friend.2.She is a friend of Mary's brother.3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's.1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词; 2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother; 3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个;1. 名词的格的种类英语名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和所有格;名词的主格和宾格形式相同,所以它们又统称作通格;当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时,用通格;英语名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分-’s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式;Tom loves Mary. Tom 为主格,Mary 为宾格,均为通格形式Tom’s best friend is Mary. Tom’s 是所有格,Mary 为通格The title of the book is interesting. of the book 为所有格2. -’s所有格的构成方法1 一般情况包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词加 -’s:children’s books 儿童图书today’s paper 今天的报纸2 带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇‘:girls’ school 女子学校the Smiths’ car 史密斯家的小汽车注:带词尾s的单数名词,通常仍加’s:the boss’s plan 老板的计划the hostess’s worry 女主人的担心3 带词尾s带词尾的人名,可加’s 或只加省字撇‘:Dickens’ novels 狄更斯的小说Charles’s job 查理斯的工作不带词尾-s却以咝音结尾者,一律加’s却以咝音结尾者,Marx’s works 马克思的着作George’s room 乔治的房间4 用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列连词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加:Tom’s and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆各自的房间Tom and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆共同的房间3.-’s所有格的用法-’s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西,但有时也可用于无生命的东西,这主要见于:1 用于表时间的名词后:tomorrow’s weather 明天的天气 two days’ journey 两天的旅程比较:ten minutes’ break = aten-minute break 10分钟的休息2 用于表国家、城市的名词后:America’s policy 美国的政策the city’s population 这个城市的人口3 用于某些集合名词后:the majority’s v iew 多数人的观点 the government’s policy 政府的政策4 用于组织机构后:the station’s waiting-room 车站候车室the newspaper’s editorial policy 这家报纸的编辑方针5 用于度量衡及价值名词后:a mile’s distance 1英里的距离twenty dollar’s value 20 美元的价值注:对于带有连字符已转化为形容词的度量衡,不能用所有格形式:ten-minute walk 10分钟的路程比较:ten m inutes’ walk6 用于表天体的名词后:the moon’s rays 月光the earth’s surface 地球表面7 用于某些固定表达中:cii-font-family:'Times New Roman'">a stone’s throw 一箭之遥at one’s wit’s end 黔驴技穷at arm’s length 以一臂之距out of harm’s way 在完全的地方4. -’s 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较1 of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物,也可用于无生命的东西;of 所有格有时可以与-’s 所有格互换;如:Mr Smith’s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jim’s patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心the Queen’s arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达2 必须用‘s 所有格的情形:①表类别时:men’s shoes 男鞋,children’s stories 儿童故事②表来源时:John’s telegram 约翰的电报③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时:Mary’shusband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察,刚刚来过这儿;3 必须用of 所有格的情形:①用于无生命的事物时:the subject of the sentence 句子主语 'Times New Roman';mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②表同位关系时:the City of Beijing 北京市③当中心词是名词化的名词时:the life of the poor 穷人的生活④当of 所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时:of Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师课堂检测一、用所给词的适当形式填空:1. March 8th is __________Day. woman.2.Taking twenty __________分钟 exercise every day is good for your health.3.The shop sells ____________妇女 handbags.4.Teachers in western countries have a __________三个月的 holiday in a year.5. I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day. teacher6. It’s only ten __________walk from the station to the hotel. minute7. It’s an __________hour ride from here to the museum.二、选择填空:1.----How’s Joy’s skirt----Her skirt is more beautiful than ________.A. her sister’s and KateB. her sister and KateC. her sister and Kate’sD. her sister’s and Kate’s 2.This is _______ room. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Lucy’s and Lily’sB. L ucy’s and LilyC. Lucy and Lily’s 3.In ______ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.A. few yearsB. a few years’C. a few yearD. a few year’s4.We will have a ___________holiday after the exam.A. two monthB. two–monthC. two month’sD. two–months5.Did you hear the ___________reportA. policemenB. policemen’sC. policemens’D. policemens6.It’s about _________walk from my home.A. ten minuteB. t en minutes’C. ten minute’sD. ten minutes7.This is my dress. That one is ______________.A. MaryB. Mary’sC. sisterD. mother8.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ________ to his office.A. 20 minutes walkB. 20 minute’s walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk9.Where is ___________ sweaterI can’t see it.A. LucyB. LucysC. Lucy’s10.__________ mothers made them have piano lessons.A. Peter and AnneB. Peter’s and Anne’sC. Peter’s and AnneD. Peter and Anne’s11.The room on the right is ________.A. herB. sheC. Lucy’sD. Lucy12.We’ll have a ____________ holiday. What about going to the West LakeA. two daysB. two-dayC. two-daysD. two-days’两天的假期:two days’holiday/two-day holiday13.The market isn’t far from here. It’s only ___________ bicycle ride.A. half a n hours’B. half an hour’sC. half an hourD. an hour and a half14.Where’s your father At _________.A. Mr Green’sB. Mr. GreenC. the Mr. Green’s 15.The twin brothers always put small presents in ___________stockings on Christmas Day.A. each other’sB. each otherC. each othersD. each others’16.My father will have a _________ holiday next month. He’ll take me to Qingdao.A. ten daysB. ten daysC. ten-daysD. ten day’s17.Where have you been these daysI have been to Bei Daihe with a friend __________.A. in ChineseB. of JapanC. of American’sD. from Canada18.When we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben. That is to say my seat was between ____________.A. Ted and BenB. Ted’s and BenC. Ted and Ben’sD. Ted’s and Ben’s19.It is said that SARS has killed more than _______________ people worldwide.A. three hundredsB. three hundreds’C. three hundred’sD. three hundred20.Kate won the _______ race in the summer sports meeting.A. 100-metreB. 100-metresC. 100 metreD. 100 metre’s 同12题21.Whose bi ke is it It’s ____________.A. JohnB. John’sC. Johns’D. Johns22.I’ll give you ________to finish the work. OK.A. two week’s timeB. two weeks’ timeC. two week timeD. two weeks time23.________ desk is the cleanest in the classroom.A. Ann’s and TomB. Ann and Tom’sC. Ann and TomD. Ann’s and Tom’s24.My pen is black. _________ is blue.A. KatesB. KateC. Kate’s 25.Is this your room No, it’s _________room.A. the childrenB. the children’sC. of the childrenD. the childrens’26.Who is the man in the blue car He is __________ father.A. Kate’s and Mary’sB. Kate and Mary’sC. Kate and MaryD. of Kate and Mary。