2015英语考研真题阅读第二篇

2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案（阅读理解）Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker， while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske， In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men， the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor； they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers， threatened with complete removal of 新祥旭官网/all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home？[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”（Line 4，Para 4）most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating新祥旭官网/[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读摘要：I.引言- 介绍考研英语二的阅读理解第二篇的背景II.考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容- 讨论第一代大学生在教育成就方面的落后情况- 分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响- 提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议III.结论- 总结考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要观点正文：I.引言考研英语二阅读理解第二篇讨论了第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题。

文章通过分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响，以及提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议，为我们提供了深入的思考。

II.考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容A.讨论第一代大学生在教育成就方面的落后情况文章指出，第一代大学生在教育成就方面普遍落后于其他学生。

这是因为他们通常来自于没有大学学历的家庭，因此在学术环境中缺乏支持和指导。

此外，第一代大学生在进入大学之前，往往没有接受过良好的基础教育，这使得他们在大学的学习中面临更大的挑战。

B.分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响文章认为，第一代大学生的家庭背景对他们的教育成就产生了很大的影响。

他们往往来自于低收入家庭，父母没有受过高等教育，这使得他们在学习资源和支持方面严重不足。

另一方面，他们的父母可能对高等教育的重要性缺乏认识，无法给予他们足够的指导和鼓励。

C.提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议文章提出，为了解决第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题，我们需要从多个方面入手。

首先，我们应该加强对他们的学习支持和指导，例如提供更多的学术辅导和资源。

其次，我们应该帮助他们建立良好的学习习惯和自信心，以便更好地适应大学生活。

最后，我们应该加强对家庭背景较差的学生家庭的宣传和教育，使他们认识到高等教育的重要性，并提供更多支持和帮助。

III.结论总的来说，考研英语二阅读理解第二篇通过深入分析第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题，以及提出解决这些问题的建议，为我们提供了一个重要的视角。

Section II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections: Directions: Read Read Read the the the following following following four four four texts. texts. texts. Answer Answer Answer the the the questions questions questions below below below each each each text text text by by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections Euro-elections have have have forced forced forced him him him to to to eat eat eat his his his words words words and and and stand stand stand down. down. down. So, So, So, dies dies dies the the the Spanish Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" politics and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican city and Andorra). But unlike their their absolutist absolutist absolutist counterparts counterparts counterparts in in in the the the Gulf Gulf Gulf and and and Asia, Asia, Asia, most most most royal royal royal families families families have have have survived survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern modern democratic democratic democratic families families families should should should still still still be be be the the the symbolic symbolic symbolic heart heart heart of of of modern modern modern democratic democratic states. states. The The The most most most successful successful successful monarchies monarchies monarchies strive strive strive to to to abandon abandon abandon or or or hide hide hide their their their old old old aristocratic aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While While Europe's Europe's Europe's monarchies monarchies monarchies will will will no no no doubt doubt doubt be be be smart smart smart enough enough enough to to to strive strive strive for for for some some some time time time to to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if (if well-healed) well-healed) well-healed) granny granny granny style. style. style. The The The danger danger danger will will will come come come with with with Charles, Charles, Charles, who who who has has has both both both an an expensive taste of l ifestyle lifestyle lifestyle and and and a a a pretty hierarchical pretty hierarchical view of the w orld. world. world. He has He has failed failed to to understand understand that that that monarchies monarchies monarchies have have have largely largely largely survived survived survived because because because they they they provide provide provide a a a service service —as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21、According to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of span_____.ed to enjoy high public supportB.was unpopular among European royalsC.ended his reign in embarrassmentD.eased his relationship with his rivals正确答案是：C22、Monarchs are kept as head of state in European mostly_____.A.owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB.to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC.to give voters more public figures to look up toD.due to their everlasting political embodiment正确答案是：A23、Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?_____.A.Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.C.The role of the nobility in modern democracies.D.The nobility's adherence to their privileges.正确答案是：C24、The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles_____.A.takes a tough line on political issues.B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised.C.takes republicans as his potential allies.D.fails to adapt himself to his future role.正确答案是：B25、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____.A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB.Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsC.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsD.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne正确答案是：BText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets upsets the the the old old old assumptions assumptions assumptions that that that authorities authorities authorities may may may search search search through through through the the the possessions possessions possessions of of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The The court court court would would would be be be recklessly recklessly recklessly modest modest modest if if if it it it followed followed followed California's California's California's advice. advice. advice. Enough Enough Enough of of of the the implications implications are are are discernable, discernable, discernable, even even even obvious, obvious, obvious, so so so that that that the the the justice justice justice can can can and and and should should should provide provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent recent correspondence. correspondence. correspondence. The The The development development development of of of "cloud "cloud "cloud computing." computing." computing." meanwhile, meanwhile, meanwhile, has has has made made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26、The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.A.search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.B.check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.C.prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.正确答案是：B27、The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of_____.A.tolerance.B.indifference.C.disapproval.D.cautiousness.正确答案是：C28、The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to_____.A.getting into one's residence.B.handing one's historical records.C.scanning one's correspondences.D.going through one's wallet.正确答案是：A29、In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that_____.A.principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B.the court is giving police less room for action.C.phones are used to store sensitive information.D.citizens’privacy is not effective protected.正确答案是：D30、Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that_____.A.the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.B.New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.C.California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.D.Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.正确答案是：BText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief editor-in-chief Marcia Marcia Marcia McNutt McNutt McNutt announced announced announced today. today. today. The The The policy policy policy follows follows follows similar similar similar efforts efforts efforts from from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings."Readers "Readers must must must have have have confidence confidence confidence in in in the the the conclusions conclusions conclusions published published published in in in our our our journal," journal," journal," writes writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said:"The creation of the 'statistics board'was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis i n in in scientific research and scientific research and i s part of Science's is part of Science's overall overall drive to drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily an advisory role." He agreed to to join join join because because because he he he "found "found "found the the the foresight foresight foresight behind behind behind the the the establishment establishment establishment of of of the the the SBoRE SBoRE SBoRE to to to be be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that_____. A.Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.B.journals are strengthening their statistical checks.C.few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.ck of data analysis is common in research projects. 正确答案是：B32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to_____. A.found.B.revised.C.markedD.stored正确答案是：C33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may_____.A.pose a threat to all its peersB.meet with strong oppositionC.increase Science's circulation.D.set an example for other journals正确答案是：D34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now_____.A.adds to researchers’workload.B.diminishes the role of reviewers.C.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.正确答案是：C35、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science正确答案是：AText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions". Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market. But "it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”. Driving Driving her her her point point point home, home, home, she she she continued: continued: continued: "It's "It's "It's increasingly increasingly increasingly apparent apparent apparent that that that the the the absence absence absence of of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the the most most most dangerous dangerous dangerous goals goals goals for for for capitalism capitalism capitalism and and and freedom." freedom." freedom." This This This same same same absence absence absence of of of moral moral purpose purpose was was was wounding wounding wounding companies companies companies such such such as as as News News News International, International, International, she she she thought, thought, thought, making making making it it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As As the the the hacking hacking hacking trial trial trial concludes concludes —finding finding guilty guilty guilty one one one ex-editor ex-editor ex-editor of of of the the the News News News of of of the the the World, World, Andy Andy Coulson, Coulson, Coulson, for for for conspiring conspiring conspiring to to to hack hack hack phones, phones, phones, and and and finding finding finding his his his predecessor, predecessor, predecessor, Rebekah Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This saga still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread widespread phone phone phone hacking hacking hacking but but but the the the terms terms terms on on on which which which the the the trial trial trial took took took place. place. place. One One One of of of the the astonishing astonishing revelations revelations revelations was was was how how how little little little Rebekah Rebekah Rebekah Brooks Brooks Brooks knew knew knew of of of what what what went went went on on on in in in her her newsroom, newsroom, how how how little little little she she she thought thought thought to to to ask ask ask and and and the the the fact fact fact that that that she she she never never never inquired inquired inquired how how how the the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be be so so so surprised. surprised. surprised. For For For a a a generation, generation, generation, the the the collective collective collective doctrine doctrine doctrine has has has been been been that that that the the the sorting sorting mechanism mechanism of of of society society society should should should be be be profit. profit. profit. The The The words words words that that that have have have mattered mattered mattered are are are efficiency, efficiency, flexibility, flexibility, shareholder shareholder shareholder value, value, value, business-friendly, business-friendly, business-friendly, wealth wealth wealth generation, generation, generation, sales, sales, sales, impact impact impact and, and, and, in in newspapers, newspapers, circulation. circulation. circulation. Words Words degraded degraded to to to the the the margin margin margin have have have been been been justice, justice, justice, fairness, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms. Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions —nor received traceable, recorded answers.36、According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by_____.A.the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.panies' financial loss due to immoral practicesernmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.D.the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.正确答案是：A37、It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.A.Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.B.more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.C.Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.D.phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.正确答案是：B38、The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence_____.A.revealed a cunning personality.B.centered on trivial issues.C.was hardly convincing.D.was part of a conspiracy.正确答案是：C39、The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows_____.A.generally distorted values.B.unfair wealth distribution.C.a marginalized lifestyle.D.a rigid moral code.正确答案是：A40、Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?_____A.The quality of writings is of primary importance.mon humanity is central to news reporting.C.Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.D.Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.正确答案是：CSection II Reading Comprehension Part BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections Euro-elections have have have forced forced forced him him him to to to eat eat eat his his his words words words and and and stand stand stand down. down. down. So, So, So, dies dies dies the the the Spanish Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" politics and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican city and Andorra). But unlike their their absolutist absolutist absolutist counterparts counterparts counterparts in in in the the the Gulf Gulf Gulf and and and Asia, Asia, Asia, most most most royal royal royal families families families have have have survived survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern modern democratic democratic democratic families families families should should should still still still be be be the the the symbolic symbolic symbolic heart heart heart of of of modern modern modern democratic democratic states. states. The The The most most most successful successful successful monarchies monarchies monarchies strive strive strive to to to abandon abandon abandon or or or hide hide hide their their their old old old aristocratic aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While While Europe's Europe's Europe's monarchies monarchies monarchies will will will no no no doubt doubt doubt be be be smart smart smart enough enough enough to to to strive strive strive for for for some some some time time time to to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if (if well-healed) well-healed) well-healed) granny granny granny style. style. style. The The The danger danger danger will will will come come come with with with Charles, Charles, Charles, who who who has has has both both both an an expensive taste of l ifestyle lifestyle lifestyle and and and a a a pretty hierarchical pretty hierarchical view of the w orld. world. world. He has He has failed failed to to understand understand that that that monarchies monarchies monarchies have have have largely largely largely survived survived survived because because because they they they provide provide provide a a a service service —as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21、According to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of span_____.ed to enjoy high public supportB.was unpopular among European royalsC.ended his reign in embarrassmentD.eased his relationship with his rivals正确答案是：C22、Monarchs are kept as head of state in European mostly_____.A.owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB.to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC.to give voters more public figures to look up toD.due to their everlasting political embodiment正确答案是：A23、Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?_____.A.Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.C.The role of the nobility in modern democracies.D.The nobility's adherence to their privileges.正确答案是：C24、The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles_____.A.takes a tough line on political issues.B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised.C.takes republicans as his potential allies.D.fails to adapt himself to his future role.正确答案是：B25、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____.A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB.Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsC.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsD.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne正确答案是：BText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets upsets the the the old old old assumptions assumptions assumptions that that that authorities authorities authorities may may may search search search through through through the the the possessions possessions possessions of of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The The court court court would would would be be be recklessly recklessly recklessly modest modest modest if if if it it it followed followed followed California's California's California's advice. advice. advice. Enough Enough Enough of of of the the implications implications are are are discernable, discernable, discernable, even even even obvious, obvious, obvious, so so so that that that the the the justice justice justice can can can and and and should should should provide provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent recent correspondence. correspondence. correspondence. The The The development development development of of of "cloud "cloud "cloud computing." computing." computing." meanwhile, meanwhile, meanwhile, has has has made made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26、The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.A.search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.B.check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.C.prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.正确答案是：B27、The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of_____.A.tolerance.B.indifference.C.disapproval.D.cautiousness.正确答案是：C28、The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to_____.A.getting into one's residence.B.handing one's historical records.。

2015英语一阅读22015年考研英语一阅读理解真题第二篇：In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve surveying a potential wife's family background to ensure that they are suitably matched to his own, and even均衡地分配家中 workload——just to ensure that an equitable balance is maintained, young men take to courting mothers first, to make sure that they and the families are of the same mind, and it is only after much consultation that a young man will choose his own mate, often with the组队 approval of his parents. This top-down approach may seem odd to those who prize individual freedom in matters of love. But in Cambodia, it is an acceptable practice that feels right.The practice of choosing a mate and seeking the family's approval is not confined to Cambodia. In the highlands of New Guinea the father of the prospective groom takes his son on a hunt, and if they kill a pig, it is considered a good omen. However, if they fail to bag one, it is seen as an inauspicious sign and the marriage is called off. Among the Arapesh people of New Guinea a young man must go tohis prospective mother-in-law's house to propose and present her with a pig. If she accepts him, he then has to provide her with firewood for six months，after which he may expect his proposal to be accepted.In primitive cultures, the young men often have to do "preliminary" work——proving their worthiness by performing some task, such as building a house or killing game——before they are allowed to marry the girl of their choice. The Aché of Paraguay are known as the most hardworking people in the Amazon Basin. A young Aché man has to work for several years as a hunter to be allowed to marry——and his wife is not his first sexual partner.The Aché, like many primitive cultures, have a str ong cultural message: "You must not have sex outside marriage." This message is so strong that even after years of promiscuity in their late teens and early twenties, the Aché men will still adhere to it when they are older. In fact, this pattern of behavi or is not unique to the Aché. Among the Gebusi of New Guinea, it is taken for granted that a man has lost status if he has sex with a woman before marriage.The Gebusi men are expected to choose their own wife——and they will choose a woman who is already pregnant. This custom also exists in parts of Melanesia and among the Ibibio people of Nigeria. The Ibibio believe that a pregnant woman brings with her a dowry——a sort of insurance that she will produce male offspring. This is not considered exploitation——it is accepted practice.In Melanesia, if a man wants to marry a girl, it is customary for him to ask her father for her hand in marriage. The father will ask for a substantial sum of money as a dowry for his daughter. If the man agrees, he then has to provide pigs and shells as a further dowry. The man who marries without paying this "bride price" is considered an outcast and will be shunned by other members of the community.In many primitive cultures, marriage is not seen as a romantic union between a man and a woman who love each other. Marriage is about securing the future of the clan or tribe and ensuring that the sexual needs of each member are met. It is only in modern society that people are free to choose their own spouse without any consideration of the wider effects on society or the future of their children.这是一篇关于不同文化中择偶和婚姻习俗的文章。

2015 Text 2（英语⼆）⼀个⼩时很重要For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a —lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in , colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first—generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued toreproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on , according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed .college degree “第⼀代⼤学⽣”是指那些⽗⺟没有⼤学学位的⼤学⽣，多年以来，很多研究发现他们在⼀系列的教育成就⽅⾯落后于其他的学⽣。

2015考研英语（二）深度解析：阅读Text2阅读第二篇文章选自NCEC（National Center for Educational Statistics),是关于美国第一代大学生的阶级问题。

整篇文章相对较简单，学生在这篇阅读中拿到满分都是非常有可能的。

26 Recruiting more first-generation students has____（招募更多的第一代大学生会____）这是一道事实细节题。

回归原文第一段，选项A与原文their dropout rates are higher（辍学率更高）不一致原文是说这些学生会是辍学率升高。

B narrowed the achievement gap并没有达到，因为文章中reproduce and widen, rather than close an achievement gap是扩大和再生了差距，而不是缩小了差距。

D原文中并未提到学生因此而沮丧。

正确选项C：本以为这些学生能够获得更大的成就，但是他们很多人却失败了，因此背离了初衷。

27 The authors of the research article are optimistic because_________这是一道细节题，是在问原因。

回归原文第二段，as后面引导的即是原因，as it outlines a potential solution to this problem因为它勾勒了解决这个问题的可能的措施。

所以直接选出正确答案[A].the problem is solvable28 The study suggests that most first-generation students_________同样是一道细节题。

回归第三段。

选项A在私立大学学习，是以偏概全。

选型B、选项D原文未提及，选项C：需要经济支持。

Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with at least one parent with a four-year degree.这句话的关键词grant助学金，得到助学金是因为有经济困难。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读
2015年考研英语二的第二篇阅读是关于商务礼仪的文章。

文章基本介绍了商务礼仪的重要性以及一些相关的规定和习惯。

文章指出，在商务活动中，合理的商务礼仪可以提高商务合作的成功率，并增强商务伙伴之间的信任和尊重。

商务礼仪包括面试时的仪态和仪表、商务谈判的礼仪和礼仪等方面。

文章提到了一些常见的商务礼仪规定和习俗，例如在商务活动中要穿着得体、言行举止要得体、不要迟到或早退等。

文章还强调了跨文化商务礼仪的重要性，不同国家和地区的商务礼仪差异较大，了解并尊重对方的文化习俗是促进商务合作的关键。

文章最后指出，商务礼仪是一个长期学习和不断提升的过程，需要不断的实践和总结经验。

只有通过遵守和实践商务礼仪，才能在商务活动中取得更好的效果。

本篇文章主要考察考生对商务礼仪的理解和运用能力，要求考生能够理清文章的逻辑结构，提取出关键信息，并对文章中提到的商务礼仪规定和跨文化差异进行分析和理解。

此外，考生还需要对商务礼仪的重要性和作用有深入的思考，并能就此发表自己的见解和观点。

文章难度适中，考生只需仔细阅读理解文章内容，注意关键词的区分和理解，能够很好地回答问题。

2015年英语阅读二In recent years, the influence of technology on our lives has become increasingly significant. With the rapid development of the internet, people are now able to access a vast amount of information with just a few clicks. This has brought about both advantages and disadvantages in the way we read and process information.Firstly, the internet has provided us with unprecedented convenience in terms of reading materials. We no longer needto visit libraries or bookstores to find relevant information. Instead, we can simply search for a particular topic online and have access to numerous resources instantly. This has greatly increased our efficiency in finding information and saved us a great deal of time.Secondly, the internet has also diversified our reading choices. Traditional print media, such as newspapers and magazines, are no longer our sole source of knowledge. We can now explore a variety of digital platforms, such as online articles, e-books, and blogs, which offer different perspectives and fresh insights on various subjects. This diversification has broadened our horizons and enriched our understanding of the world.However, with the advantages come some drawbacks. One major concern is the reliability of information found on the internet. Unlike print media, content on the internet can be easily edited, modified, or even fabricated. This poses a challenge for readers to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources. Therefore, it is crucial for readers todevelop critical thinking skills and evaluate the credibility of the information they come across.Additionally, the digital reading experience may have an impact on our concentration and ability to comprehend complex texts. In the digital world, we are often bombarded with distractions such as advertisements, notifications, and hyperlinks. These interruptions can easily divert our attention and hinder our deep reading and comprehension. Therefore, it is important to cultivate the habit of focused reading and minimize distractions when engaging with digital texts.In conclusion, the advent of the internet has revolutionized the way we read and access information. It has brought us convenience and a wider range of reading choices. However, it also poses challenges in terms of information reliability and reading concentration. As readers, we need to adapt to the digital reading environment and develop strategies to make the most out of the available resources.。

2015年考研英语一阅读理解第二篇解析阅读理解第二篇文章是关于个人隐私数据保护的问题，文章的内容与时俱进，但是题目却比较简单，几乎都可以在原文中迅速找到答案。

第26题，The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.(最高法院需要裁决在逮捕过程中什么是否合法)。

根据题目定位到第一段，中心词语是主语supreme court和形容词legitimate，第一段的第二句话就解决了这个问题The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant…(最高法院正在考虑是否允许警察在逮捕过程中没有搜查许可证而搜查嫌疑人手机内容信息)。

根据这句话可以很快排除C、D选项。

A选项具有迷惑性，search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant..错在search for(寻找手机)上，与原文不符，原文说的是search the contents of a mobile phone(搜查手机信息内容)。

B选项正确，其中check suspects’phone contents without being authorized…check可以替换为search。

第27题，The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of______.这个是观点态度题，需要从文中推断。

选项分别为[A] tolerance.(宽容);[B] indifference. (不关心)——可立刻排除;[C] disapproval.(不赞成);[D] cautiousness.(谨慎)。

2015考研英语⼀阅读真题：Text2 TEXT 2 Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now. 26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to [A] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant. [B] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized. [C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents. [D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones. 27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of [A] tolerance. [B] indifference. [C] disapproval. [D] cautiousness. 28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to [A] getting into one’s residence. [B] handing one’s historical records. [C] scanning one’s correspondences. [D] going through one’s wallet. 29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that [A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed. [B] the court is giving police less room for action. [C] phones are used to store sensitive information. [D] citizens’ privacy is not effective protected. 30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that (A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly. (B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution. (C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution. (D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读摘要：1.考研英语二的阅读理解题型及分值分布2.2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容3.2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的题型解析4.从2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇中学到的启示正文：一、考研英语二的阅读理解题型及分值分布考研英语二是全国硕士研究生招生考试英语科目的必考内容之一。

在考研英语二中，阅读理解是一个重要的题型，主要考察考生的阅读能力和理解能力。

根据历年的考试题型分布，我们可以知道，考研英语二的阅读理解题型主要分为两类：阅读理解（Part A）和阅读理解（Part B）。

其中，阅读理解（Part A）包括10 道题目，每题2 分，共计20 分。

这部分主要考察考生对文章的细节理解能力，要求考生根据文章的具体内容选择正确的答案。

阅读理解（Part B）包括10 道题目，每题2 分，共计20 分。

这部分主要考察考生对文章的结构和主旨的理解能力，要求考生根据文章的整体内容选择正确的答案。

二、2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主题为“第一代大学生的教育成就”。

文章通过研究发现，第一代大学生（即没有父母拥有大学学位的学生）在教育成就方面与其他学生存在一定的差距。

这些差距主要体现在以下几个方面：1.第一代大学生在学术表现上与其他学生存在差距，他们的学习成绩、毕业率等指标低于其他学生。

2.第一代大学生在社交和情感方面与其他学生存在差距，他们更容易感到孤独、焦虑和压力。

3.第一代大学生在就业和收入方面与其他学生存在差距，他们的就业率和收入水平低于其他学生。

三、2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的题型解析2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的题型主要包括以下几种：1.事实细节题：要求考生根据文章的具体内容选择正确的答案。

例如，文章中提到的第一代大学生的学术表现、社交和情感状况、就业和收入等方面的具体数据和事实。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读
摘要：
1.考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容
2.文章的研究背景和目的
3.文章的研究方法和结果
4.文章的结论和启示
正文：
2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇主要探讨了第一代大学生在学习成绩方面的表现。

文章通过研究发现，第一代大学生在教育成就因素上与其他学生存在一定的差距。

然而，他们的努力和拼搏精神使得他们在学业上取得了显著的进步。

文章的研究背景是在当今社会，越来越多的家庭没有大学学历的父母，他们的子女成为了第一代大学生。

这些学生是否有能力在大学里取得好成绩，成为了研究的焦点。

为了解决这个问题，文章采用了大量的研究方法和数据来分析第一代大学生与其他学生的差距。

研究发现，第一代大学生在学习成绩上确实存在一定的劣势。

他们的父母没有大学学历，因此在学术资源和教育背景方面相对较弱。

这使得他们在学术竞争力上与其他学生存在差距。

然而，这并不意味着他们没有能力在大学里取得好成绩。

许多第一代大学生通过自己的努力和拼搏，成功地克服了这些劣势，并在学业上取得了显著的进步。

文章的结论是，虽然第一代大学生在学习成绩方面存在一定的劣势，但这并不意味着他们不能在大学里取得好成绩。

相反，他们的拼搏精神和努力使得
他们在学业上取得了显著的进步。

这给社会传递了一个积极的信息，即不论家庭背景如何，只要有努力和拼搏的精神，就能在学业上取得成功。

总之，2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇文章通过研究发现，第一代大学生在学习成绩方面存在一定的劣势，但他们的拼搏精神和努力使得他们在学业上取得了显著的进步。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读（原创实用版）目录1.考研英语二的阅读理解部分2.2015 年的第二篇阅读理解文章3.文章主题：第一代大学生在学习成绩上的表现4.第一代大学生的定义：没有父母拥有大学学位的学生5.研究发现：第一代大学生在教育成就因素上落后于其他学生6.落后的原因：缺乏家庭教育和指导7.结论：需要加强对第一代大学生的支持和指导正文考研英语二的阅读理解部分是许多学生备考过程中的一个重要环节。

在 2015 年的考试中，第二篇阅读理解文章探讨了一个有趣的话题：第一代大学生在学习成绩上的表现。

首先，我们需要明确什么是第一代大学生。

根据文章的定义，第一代大学生是指那些没有父母拥有大学学位的学生。

相较于其他学生，他们在教育成就因素上表现较差。

这是为什么呢？经过多年的研究，人们发现，这主要是因为第一代大学生缺乏家庭教育和指导。

他们的父母没有上过大学，因此不能为他们提供足够的学习和职业规划方面的建议。

这使得他们在学习过程中容易遇到困难，从而影响了他们的学习成绩。

然而，这并不意味着第一代大学生没有机会取得好成绩。

事实上，有许多第一代大学生通过自己的努力，成功地克服了这些障碍，取得了优异的成绩。

因此，我们需要加强对第一代大学生的支持和指导，帮助他们充分发挥自己的潜力。

在实际生活中，我们可以通过多种方式来支持第一代大学生。

例如，学校可以设立专门的辅导项目，为他们提供学术辅导和职业规划建议。

同时，我们也鼓励第一代大学生互相帮助，分享他们的学习经验和成功故事，以激励更多的同学取得好成绩。

总之，虽然第一代大学生在学习成绩上存在一定的劣势，但他们并非没有翻身的机会。

2015年英语二第二篇In the 2015 English exam, the second passage presenteda problem that required critical thinking and analysis. The passage described a scenario in which a company was considering relocating its headquarters to a rural area. This move would have significant implications for the company and the surrounding community. The problem required test-takers to consider the potential benefits and drawbacks of the relocation and to provide a well-reasoned recommendation.From the perspective of the company, there are several potential benefits to relocating to a rural area. First and foremost, the cost of doing business in rural areas isoften lower than in urban areas. This could result in significant cost savings for the company, potentially boosting its profitability. Additionally, relocating to a rural area could improve the company's image and reputation, as it may be seen as a positive step towards supportinglocal economies and communities. Furthermore, the companymay be able to take advantage of government incentives and tax breaks for relocating to rural areas, further enhancing its financial position.However, there are also potential drawbacks to relocating to a rural area. One major concern is the potential impact on the company's workforce. If the new location is not easily accessible or lacks the amenities and infrastructure of an urban area, the company may struggle to attract and retain top talent. Additionally, the company may face logistical challenges in terms of transportation and supply chain management. Furthermore, the company may also face resistance from existing employees who are unwilling to relocate to a rural area, potentially leading to a loss of institutional knowledge and expertise.From the perspective of the surrounding community, the potential relocation of the company's headquarters could have both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, the arrival of a large company could bring new job opportunities and economic growth to the area. This couldlead to increased investment in local infrastructure and services, benefiting the community as a whole. However, there may also be concerns about the potential environmental impact of the company's operations, as well as the potential strain on local resources and infrastructure. Additionally, the arrival of a large company could lead to increased competition for housing and other resources, potentially driving up costs for local residents.Ultimately, the decision to relocate the company's headquarters to a rural area is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration of the potential benefits and drawbacks from multiple perspectives. While there are potential financial benefits for the company, there are also potential challenges in terms of workforce management and logistical considerations. Similarly, while the arrival of the company could bring economic growth to the surrounding community, there are also potential concerns about the environmental and social impact of the company's operations. In making a recommendation, it isimportant to carefully weigh these factors and consider the potential long-term implications of the decision.。

2015考研英语阅读真题练习【2】Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. T o accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisio ns in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly“thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently.“But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European union ’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”。

2015考研英语二真题和答案(2)Text 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a dox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration studentsstruggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn therules of the game，and take advantage of college resou rces, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students like them can improve26. Recruiting more first-generation students has[A]reduced their d ropout rates[B]narrowed the achievement gao[C] missed its original pu rpose[D]depressed college students27 The author of the research article are optimistic because[A]the problem is solvable[B]their approach is costless[q the recruiting rate has increased[D]their finding appeal to students28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students[A]study at private universities[B]are from single-pa rent families[q are in need of financial support[D]have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.We mayinfer from the last graph that[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question答案：26.C missed its original purpose27.A the problem is solvable28.C are in need of financial support29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices，the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago， said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples.If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were tives，but we didnt talk about energy;we didnt talk aboutpassion.Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very team-oriented-and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious;its the idea that Im a coach，and youre my team，and were in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，saidKhuranaThis new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The mommy wars of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still canthave it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But ifyour work is your passion, youII be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，You can get people to think its nonsense at the same timethat you buyinto it. In a workplace thats fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become[A]more e motional[B]more tive[C]less energetic[D]less energetic[E]less strategic32.team-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to[A]historical incidents[B]gender difference[C]sports culture[D]athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to[A]revive historical terms[B]promote company image[C]foster corporate cooperation[D]strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In[A]voices for working women[B]appeals to passionate workaholics[C]triggers dcbates among mommies[D]praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C]Companies find it to be fundamental[D]Regular people mock it but accept it 答案：31.A more emotional32.C sports culture33.D strengthen employee loyalty34.A voices for working women35.C companies find it to be fundamental •共4页:•上一页•1•2•3•4•下一页。