【资格考试】2019最新整理-GRE试题(四)

——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-GRE模拟试题第3部分______年______月______日____________________部门One explanation for the tendency of animals to bemore vigilant in smaller groups than in larger onesassumes that the vigilant behavior-looking up， forexample-is aimed at predators. If individuals on the（5） edge of a group are more vigilant because they areatgreater risk of being captured， then individuals onaver-age would have to be more vigilant in smaller groups，because the animals on the periphery of a group form agreater proportion of the whole group as the size of the（10）group diminishes.However， a different explanation is necessary in caseswhere the vigilant behavior is not directed at predators.J. Krebs has discovered that great blue herons look upmore often when in smaller flocks than when in larger（15）ones， solely as a consequence of poor feeding conditions.Krebs hypothesizes that the herons in smaller flocks arewatching for herons that they might follow to betterfeeding pools， which usually attract larger numbers ofthe birds.17.It can be inferred from the passage that in species inwhich vigilant behavior is directed at predators， the tendency of the animals to be more vigilant insmaller groups than in larger ones would most likelybe minimized if which of the following were true？（A） The vigilance of animals on the periphery of agroup always exceeded that of animals locatedin its interior， even when predators were notin the area.（B） The risk of capture for individuals in a groupwas the same， whether they were located inthe interior of the group or on its periphery.（C） Animals on the periphery of a group tended tobe less capable of defending themselves fromattack by predators than animals located in theinterior of the group.（D） Animals on the periphery of a group tended tobear marks that were more distinctive topredators than animals located in the interiorof the group.（E） Animals on the periphery of a group tended tohave shorter life spans than animals located inthe interior of the group.。

GRE（VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Late-eighteenth-century English cultural authorities seemingly concurred that women readers should favor history, seen as edifying, than fiction, which was regarded as frivolous and reductive. Readers of Marry Ann Hanway’s novel Andrew Stewart, or the Northern Wanderer, learning that its heroine delights in David Hume’s and Edward Gibbon’s histories, could conclude that she was more virtuous and intelligent than her sister, who disdains such reading. Likewise, while the na?ve, novel-addicted protagonist of Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey, Catherine Morland, finds history a chore, the sophisticated, sensible character Eleanor Tilney enjoys it more than she does the Gothic fiction Catherine prefers. Yet in both cases, the praise of history is more double-edged than it might actually appear. Many readers have detected a protofeminist critique of history in Catherine’s protest that she dislikes reading books filled with men “and hardly any women at all.”Hanway, meanwhile, brings a controversial political edge to her heroine’s reading, listing the era’s two most famous religious skeptics among her preferred authors. While Hume’s history was generally seen as being less objectionable as his philosophy, there were widespread doubts about his moral soundness even as a historian by the time that Hanway was writing, and Gibbon’s perceived tendency to celebrate classical paganism sparked controversy from the first appearance of his history of Rome.1．The author’s primary purpose is thatA．the evidence used in support of a particular argument is questionableB．a distinction between two genres of writing has been overlookedC．a particular issue is more complex than it might appearD．two apparently different works share common featuresE．two eighteenth-century authors held significantly different attitudes toward a particular正确答案：A解析：A选项中的a particular argument指的是文化权威们认为“女人应该多读历史”的观点，evidence指的是第二、三句。

——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-GRE北美试题2______年______月______日____________________部门1. Although there are weeks of negotiations ahead, and perhaps setbacks and new surprises, leaders of both parties are ---that their differences can be resolved.(A) optimistic(B) perplexed(C) apprehensive(D) incredulous(E) uncertain2. The losing animal in a struggle saves itself from destruction by an act of ----, an act usually recognized and ---by the winner.(A) submission.. accepted(B) hostility.. avoided(C) bluffing .. reaffirmed(D) anger.. condoned(E) hatred.. duplicated3. He never ---the wisdom I had claimed for him, and my friends quickly dismissed my estimate of his ability as ----.(A) repudiated.. irony(B) inhibited .. propaganda(C) demonstrated.. hyperbole(D) masked.. exaggeration(E) vindicated.. understatement4. It would seem that absolute qualities in art---us, that we cannot escape viewing worksof art in ---of time and circumstance.(A) enlighten.. a pattern(B) frighten.. an absence(C) confuse.. a welter(D) elude .. a context(E) deceive.. a milieu5. This new government is faced not only with---its economy but also with implementingnew rural development programs to ---the flow of farm workers to the city.(A) managing.. stem(B) offsetting.. harness(C) bolstering.. transmit(D) challenging.. measure(E) modernizing.. subsidize6. An analysis of the ideas in the novel compels an analysis of the form of the work, particularly when form and content are as ---as they are in The House of the Seven Gables.(A) symptomatic(B) delineated(C) integrated。

2019年GRE试题阅读部分：Passage11.精讲B讲义mock3sec1(仅两道原题)古罗马文章传承困难。

主要有两种传承方式internal, external。

一段介绍internal 方法的问题，二三段介绍external 的问题。

Passage2文章大意：作者A的一本关于对黑人女性演讲家作家的书在业界很受重视。

作者B也写过相关的书。

这两者相同点是research scope 一致，但方法不一样。

B的书中对黑人女性演讲家的歧视来源于两个部分：社会的大的趋势;黑人内部男性对女性的质疑。

Passage3文章大意：A鱼的fishery 经历了一个collaps, 这看似正常，因为随着某种鱼的打渔业发展，都会经历一个从好到不好的周期。

但A 鱼还是不同的，因为原先它是不valuable的鱼，渔夫都懒地打，但他们会在收网时误捞不少。

后来想法变了，A鱼贵了起来，但是渔民们收网时还是只挑A鱼中最大的那条去卖。

Passage3文章大意：A鱼的fishery 经历了一个collaps, 这看似正常，因为随着某种鱼的打渔业发展，都会经历一个从好到不好的周期。

但A 鱼还是不同的，因为原先它是不valuable的鱼，渔夫都懒地打，但他们会在收网时误捞不少。

后来想法变了，A鱼贵了起来，但是渔民们收网时还是只挑A鱼中最大的那条去卖。

Passage5文章大意：瑞典原先采取centred-collective 政策来给工人发放工资，这可以减少贫富差距，并且还能使减少男女工人的薪资差异。

后来采取了相反的方式decentred-collective, 于是贫富差距大增，但这个inequality positively related to woman’s wage. 一群科学家开始在瑞典研究到底怎么样个情况，还说研究结果应该可以代表大多数发达国家的情况。

(中间部分各种无意义信息)最后一个人说即使decentred-collective带来了很大的贫富差距，之前的centred-collective 还是影响深远的。

gre测试题及答案GRE测试题及答案一、词汇题1. The professor's lecture was so ______ that it put the students to sleep.A. monotonousB. monotonousnessC. monotonouslyD. monotonousnessness答案：A2. Despite the ______ of the evidence, the jury remained skeptical.A. ambiguityB. ambiguouslyC. ambiguousD. ambiguousness答案：A二、阅读理解题阅读以下段落，回答下列问题。

In the modern era, the rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to society. The integration of artificial intelligence into various industries hasrevolutionized the way we work and live. However, this technological advancement has also raised concerns about job displacement and the widening gap between the rich and the poor.3. What is the main topic of the paragraph?A. The impact of technology on societyB. The benefits of artificial intelligenceC. The concerns about job displacementD. The wealth gap in society答案：A4. According to the paragraph, which of the following is a result of technological advancement?A. Increased job opportunitiesB. A decrease in the wealth gapC. A change in the way people work and liveD. A reduction in the use of artificial intelligence答案：C三、逻辑推理题5. If all mathematicians are philosophers, and some philosophers are not mathematicians, which of the following must be true?A. All philosophers are mathematicians.B. Some mathematicians are not philosophers.C. Some philosophers are mathematicians.D. No philosophers are mathematicians.答案：C6. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. If the ground is wet, then the grass is slippery. If it is not raining, then the ground is not wet. If the grass is not slippery, what can be concluded?A. It is not raining.B. The ground is not wet.C. Both A and B are true.D. None of the above.答案：D四、数学问题题7. If the sum of three consecutive integers is 69, what is the middle number?A. 22B. 23C. 24D. 25答案：B8. A rectangle has a length of 10 units and a width of 5 units. What is the area of the rectangle?A. 25 square unitsB. 50 square unitsC. 75 square unitsD. 100 square units答案：B五、写作题9. Write an essay discussing the importance of critical thinking in the era of information overload. Your essay should include at least three reasons why critical thinking is essential.[此处为写作题，考生需根据题目要求撰写文章，答案不唯一。

——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-GRE试题（六）______年______月______日____________________部门Time-30 minutes 38 Questions1. Although sales have continued to increase since last April， unfortunately the rate of increase has ——。

（A） resurged（B） capitulated（C） retaliated（D） persevered（E） decelerated2. Although the mental process that creates a fresh and original poem or drama is doubtless —— that whichoriginates and elaborates scientific discoveries， there is clearly a discernible difference between the crea- tors （A） peripheral to（B） contiguous with（C） opposed to（D） analogous to（E） inconsistent with3. It is disappointing to note that the latest edition of the bibliography belies its long-standing reputation for ——by —— some significant references to recent publications.（A）imprecision…… appropriating（B）relevance…… adding（C）timeliness…… updating（D）meticulousness…… revising（E）exhaustiveness…… omitting4. Although Simpson was ingenious at —— to appear innovative and spontaneous， beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to problem-solving.（A） intending（B） contriving（C） forbearing（D） declining（E） deserving5. She was criticized by her fellow lawyers not because she was not ——， but because she so —— pre- pared her cases that she failed to bring the expected number to trial.（A）well versed…… knowledgeably（B） well trai ned…… enthusiastically（C）congenial…… rapidly（D）hardworking…… minutely（E）astute…… efficiently6. Schlesinger has recently assumed a conciliatory atti- tude that is not —— by his colleagues， who con- tinue to —— compromise.（A）eschewed…… dread（B）shared…… defend（C）questioned…… reject。

2019年12月20日大陆地区GRE考试真题（考生回忆版）数学部分数学 1k是正整数，问k平方-k的余数和1比较大小关系数学 2有一个委员会，6个professor3个manager4个coordinator，要求组成一个5人的小组。

要求profeesor中的Dr.W和 manager中的Ms.M都要在有多少种办法数学 3P和N都是质数，P-N=4，P除以N小于2大于2/3，问p的值是多少数学 42≤r＜s≤6，r和s都是整数，问(r+s)/rs的最大值是多少数学 5小区每天送104份报纸，其中要3份报纸的家庭数量是要1份报纸的家庭数量的2倍，要2份报纸的家庭数量是要1份报纸家庭数量的3倍，问要2份报纸的家庭数量是多少数学 6F club有20000人，M club 30000人，加一起的membership是45000，问从F club里选一个人，他同时有M club membership的概率是多少数学72的32次方除以3的余数是多少数学8一共80名学生，physical club 60 人，chemistry club 50 人，biography 35人，每个学生至少参加一个俱乐部，没有学生三个都参加，以下哪个可能是既参加biography 又参加chemistry的学生数目？A. 0B. 5C. 10D. 15E. 20F. 25G. 30H. 35数学9一个三位数，每个数位上可以选择的有12345，不能重复，问这个三位数有多少种可能性数学10玩游戏，可以拿2point或4point，小明的average是3.8，问拿2分的次数的9倍，和拿4分的次数的大小关系数学114个不同的玩具分给3个不同的小孩，每个小孩都至少有一个礼物，每个玩具也必须分给小孩，求一共有多少种不同的分法数学12每层N本书，一共S层，然后把最上面一层的数平均分配到其他层，问分完之后每层有多少本书填空部分【所有题目均出自于真经填空机经1250题】填空100-1The professor’s tendency to commandeer faculty meetings to promote her personal agenda quickly inspired resentment among other faculty, who objected to such _____.A. appropriationB. obfuscationC. cavilingD. vacillationE. cronyism填空65-6Industry-sponsored scientific research on chemical safety often (i)_____. Media reports regularly imply that industry support of scientific work is alone sufficient to (ii)_____ that research. Even though the source of funding has been determined to be a less significant cause of bias than other factors, industry support suffices, in the minds of many people, to (iii)_____ the credibility of scientific work.填空5-9Although one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenousspecies, nevertheless most introduced species that survive in fact appear to have quite _____ effects on the ecosystem they have invaded.A. minimalB. triflingC. markedD. conspicuousE. intriguingF. deleterious填空20-3Historian Barbara Alpern Engel’s task in writing a book about women in Russia must have been a (i)_____ one, because the (ii)_____ the Russian empire’s peoplesmeant that Russian women could never be treated as a homogeneous group.填空81-6Filler claims that after the social welfare programs of the 1960s, belief that the government has an obligation to provide decent housing for citizens who cannot afford it was (i)_____ in the United States by the notion that providing suitable shelter for everyone should be (ii)_____. Thus today in the (iii)_____ oftaxpayer-sponsored initiatives we have volunteer home-construction programs, honorable in intent but pitifully limited in scope.填空11-7Changes made to ecosystem in order to achieve a goal, such as food production or flood control, often _____ significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and service the ecosystems provide.A. predictB. delayC. foretellD. obscureE. yieldF. engender填空38-3Convinced of the gravity of her poetry, Voigt must have found the reviews of her most recent collection (i)_____ reading: one amused reviewer thought that it was unrecognizable as poetry but decidedly (ii)_____.填空48-3The description of humans as having an internal clock is not a (i)_____. Or rather, it is—you do not have a tiny watch in your cerebellum—but it also refers to (ii)_____, a specialized bundle of cells that regulates cyclical processes.填空38-4The author’s best-selling book on Virginia Woolf is not (i)_____ treatment of her subject; on the contrary, it presents (ii)_____ portrait of the novelist, faults and all.填空 88-9The life of a secret agent is dangerous enough, but the life of a double agent is infinitely more ______: a single slip can send an agent crashing to destruction.A. arduousB. precariousC. clandestineD. perilousE. covertF. exhilarating填空3-4Many of the towns that have voted to keep incinerators in the county’s solid waste plan have done so not because they necessarily (i)_____ incinerators, but because they are(ii)_____ to narrow their waste-disposal options.阅读部分【所有题目均出自于真经阅读机经260篇】阅读-正文Passage 147Our study revealed that nest-guarding long-tailed skinks (a species of lizard) homed (returned to their nests) more successfully when displaced shorter distances. There are two reasons why homing success rates decreased with increasing displacement distance. One possibility is that females were simply displaced too far to find their way home. However, this is unlikely given that some individuals managed to find their way home from each distance we used. The second possibility deals with trade-offs between the risks associated with making a long return trip and the benefits of returning. Animals should expend energy only when the associated costs are low. As reptiles increase the time spent moving, their daily energy expenditure increases dramatically. The energetic costs of returning home and the chances that the eggs will have been preyed upon during the return trip both increase substantially as displacement distance increases. For example, the 130 hours (5.5 days) that female skinks spent returning from a distance of 300 meters is sufficient for an egg-eating snake to locate and prey upon the entire clutch. However, females with larger clutches were more likely to home at distances over 50 meters. For these females, the relative fitness benefits associated with having more eggs successfully hatch may outweigh the energetic costs of returning to a nest site, evenif the nest may have already been preyed upon.阅读-选项passage 1471.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. question the validity of research on nest-guarding behavior in long-tailed skinksB. consider explanations for a finding regarding long-tailed skinksC. discuss the importance of homing for long-tailed skinksD. describe the relationship between clutch size and homing success inlong-tailed skinksE. identify the benefits of a behavior common among long-tailed skinks2.The claim in the highlighted sentence assumes which of the following about the individuals that managed to find their way home from each distance?A. They were less able to detect egg-eating predators than were the otherlong-tailed skinks studied.B. They were more averse to risk than were the other long-tailed skinks studiedC. They expended less energy when homing than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.D. They did not possess better homing skills than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.E. They had significantly smaller clutches than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.3.The "second possibility" implies which of the following as a possible explanation for the female long-tailed skinks that failed to home from distances over50 meters ?A. They had relatively small clutches.B. They were unable to find their way home.C. They lacked sufficient energy to home successfully.D. They had male long-tailed skinks guarding their clutches.E. They detected evidence of egg-eating snakes In the vicinity of their nests.阅读-正文Passage 135The revival of mural painting that has occurred in San Francisco since the 1970s, especially among the Chicano population of the city’s Mission District, has marked differences from its social realist forerunner in Mexico and the United States some 40 years earlier. Rather than being government sponsored and limited to murals on government buildings, the contemporary mural movement sprang from the people themselves, with murals appearing on community buildings and throughout college campuses. Perhaps the biggest difference, however, is the process. In earlier twentieth-century Mexico, murals resulted from the vision of individual artists. But today’s murals are characteristically the product s of artists working with local residents on design and creation.Such community engagement is characteristic of the Chicano art movement as a whole, which evolved from the same foundations as the Chicano civil rights movement of the mid-1960s. Both were a direct response to the needs of Chicanos in the United States, who were fighting for the right to adequate education, political empowerment, and decent working conditions. Artists joined other cultural workers in making political statements and played a key role in taking these statements to the public. They developed collectives and established cultural centers that functioned as the public-relations arm of the Chicano sociopolitical movement.阅读-选项passage 1351.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. argue for the superiority of a style of artB. consider the impact of an art movementC. describe the political content of a certain works of artD. detail the characteristic style of an art movementE. place an art movement in its historical context2.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the “cultural centers” is true?A. They were the venue where many later leaders of the Chicano civil rights movement first became politically active.B. Though later widespread, they originated in San Francisco area.C. Springing up in a number of communities, they initially had largely apolitical goals centered on art instruction.D. They constituted the nucleus from which the Chicano civil rights movement originated.E. Founded by artists, they provided support for the Chicano civil rights movement.3.Which of the following best describes the relationship between the first paragraph and the second paragraph of the passage?A. The first focuses on the mural artists as individuals; the second, on their actions as a group.B. The first compares the mural revival with an earlier artistic movement; the second describes the context contemporary to the revivalC. The first defines the revival by distinguishing it from an earlier artistic movement; the second addresses the political goals of both the revival and its forerunnerD. The first presents an apparently plausible account of the relationship between the revival and is forerunner, the second calls that account into questionE. The first is concerned with the artistic aims and ambitions behind the San Francisco murals; the second considers their political significance阅读-正文Passage 26Cuts that need to be held closed in order to heal properly have generally been held closed with stitches. However, pressure to reduce medical costs is mounting. Consequently, it is likely that a newly developed adhesive will become the routine method of holding most types of cuts closed. The new adhesive holds most types of cuts closed as well as stitches do, and the cost of applying it is comparable to that of closing cuts with stitches. But whereas stitches must generally be removed by medical personnel after the cut has healed, the adhesive simply wears off. Thus, for any cut that the adhesive can hold closed as well as stitches can, it is more economical to use the adhesive.阅读-选项passage 261.In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?A. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second provides evidence against that disputed claim.B. The first is a claim that is used as supporting evidence for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is that main conclusion.C. The first is a claim that is used as supporting evidence for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a conclusion that is drawn in order to support that main conclusion.D. The first introduces a practice about which the argument makes a prediction, the second is a conclusion based on that prediction.E. The first introduces a practice about which the argument makes a prediction; the second is an assessment that is used to support that prediction.阅读-正文Passage 142Many theorists now doubt that heat loss from Earth’s core and radioactive decay are sufficient by themselves to produce all the energy driving the tectonic plates whose movements have helped shaped Earth’s surface. This leaves a loose end in current geological theory. Herbert Shaw argues that because scientists have underestimated the input of substantial amounts of energy from extraterrestrial impactors (asteroids and comets striking Earth), they have difficulty accounting for the difference between the quantity of energy produced from sources intrinsic to Earth and that involved in plate tectonics. Whereas most geologists have treated the addition of energy through the bombardment of Earth’s surface by such impactors as a process separate and independent from the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates, Shaw asserts that these processes are indivisible. Shaw’s revolutionary “op en-system” view recognizes a continuum between terrestrial and extraterrestrial dynamics, whereas modern plate tectonic theory, like the classical geology developed duringthe nineteenth century, is founded on the view that Earth’s geological features have changed through gradual, regular processes intrinsic to Earth, without reference to unique catastrophic events. Classical geology borrowed a decisive, if unspoken, premise from Newton—the independence of Earth’s processes from any astronomical context.阅读-选项passage 1421.The author’s primary purpose is toA. identify the influences informing a particular geological theory about the processes that have shaped Earth’s surfaceB. identify differences between two views of the extraterrestrial impactors and argue that the phenomenon has influenced the development of plate tectonic theoryC. argue that an explanation is based on a dubious evidence and propose an alternative explanationD. discuss an explanation and place that explanation under theoretical contextE. suggest that apparent discrepancy poses a serious problem for a particular theory that many have believed2.The author of the passage mentions the “continuum” in order toA. point out a relationship between plate tectonics and the nineteenth-century geologyB. explain how a theory of Newton’s could influence geology and plate tectonic theory.C. distinguish between two sources of energy that contributed to the development of Earth’s surface.D. point out a similarity between the surface of impactors and the surface of Earth.E. identify a feature of Shaw’s view that deviates from current scientific theories.3.The passage suggests which of the following about tectonic theory?A. It has led scientists to overlook an important contribution to classical geologists from Newton.B. It has been more successful than was classical geology in accounting for heat loss from Earth’s core.C. It is based on premise about Earth’s processes discerned in Newton’s thought.D. It has correctly explained the effects of ex traterrestrial impactors on Earth’s surface.E. It corrects a fundamental flaw in classical geology.阅读-正文Passage 195Wild Diana monkeys are preyed upon by leopards and chimpanzees. These two predators differ in their hunting tactics and Diana monkeys use two distinct antipredator strategies to defend themselves. After detecting a leopard, Diana monkeys respond by giving loud, conspicuous alarm calls that function both to warn others and to signal to the predator that it has been detected. Leopards tend to leave the area once they have been discovered. In contrast, upon detecting a chimpanzee, male Diana monkeys do not vocalize at all, while females give only a few quiet alarm calls and flee quickly to hide in the forest canopy, chimpanzees have sophisticated climbing skills that would allow them to pursue monkeys, even in the high strata of the forest canopy.Choosing an antipredator strategy appropriate to chimpanzees is complicated for Diana monkeys by the fact that chimpanzees themselves also fall prey to leopards. When encountering a leopard, chimpanzees give loud, conspicuous alarm calls. To escape successfully from leopards and chimpanzees, therefore, Diana monkeys must distinguish between, and respond differently to, chimpanzees alarm calls and chimpanzee vocalizations simply signal the presence of a leopard and should elicit the monkeys’ loud, conspicuous alarm calls.To investigate Diana monkeys’ understanding of such cause-effect relationships involving predators, Zuberbuhler examined the monkeys’ r esponses to chimpanzee vocalizations in two different types of experiments. In the first, he played tape recording of either chimpanzees’ alarm calls or their social vocalizations and noted the monkeys’ responses. Diana monkeys differed in their response to chimpanzees’ alarm calls. In some groups, monkeys behaved as if they recognized that these alarm calls signaled the potential presence of a leopard: they responded to chimpanzees’ leopard alarm calls by giving leopard alarm calls themselves, in contrast to their normal response to the presence of chimpanzees. Groups of monkeys living in the core area of the resident chimpanzee community were more likely to behave in this way than were peripheral groups.In the second set of experiments, Zuberbuhler played leopard growls to Diana monkeys shortly after exposing them to recording of either chimpanzees’ alarm calls or their social vocalizations. After first hearing chimpanzees’ alarm calls, some monkeys failed to respond to the subsequent recording of leopard growls, even though this stimulus normally elicited a strong vocal response. These monkeysbehaved exactly like the Diana monkeys in a comparison group, who also gave many leopard alarm calls to an initial recording of leopard growls but no longer called to the second recording of leopard growls five minutes later. This similarity in behavior suggests that these monkeys had some knowledge of the causal factors underlying the production of chimpanzees’ alarm calls.阅读-选项passage 1951.According to the passage, the behavior of male and female Diana monkeys differs in that female Diana monkeysA. give alarm calls upon detecting a chimpanzeeB. hide in the forest canopy upon detecting a leopardC. give loud alarm calls in response to chimpanzees’ alarm callsD. give loud, conspicuous alarm calls upon detecting a leopardE. respond differently to the presence of leopards than they do to the presence of chimpanzees2.It can be inferred that the purpose of the highlighted “loud, conspicuous alarm calls” is in part toA. cause the chimpanzees to leave the areasB. warn other monkeys of the presence of the chimpanzeesC. enable chimpanzees to flee quietly from the leopardD. signal to the chimpanzees that they have been detectedE. signal to the leopard that it has been detected by the monkeys3.The author mentions the “sophisticated climbing skills” of chimpanzees most likely in order to present information that helps toA. explain why chimpanzees are less vulnerable to predation by leopards than are Diana monkeysB. question the hypothesis that Diana monkeys hide in the forest canopy to defend themselves from chimpanzeesC. argue that the antipredator strategies Diana monkeys use to defend themselves against chimpanzeesD. suggest a possible reason for chimpanzees’ and Diana monkeys’ use of similar antipredator strategies to defend themselves against leopards阅读-正文Passage 59Recent studies of ancient Maya water management have found that the urban architecture of some cities was used to divert rainfall runoff into gravity-fed systems of interconnected reservoirs. In the central and southern May Lowlands, this kind of water control was necessary to support large populations throughout the year due to the scarcity of perennial surface water and the seasonal availability of rainfall. Some scholars argue that the concentration of water within the urban core of these sites provided a centralized source of political authority for Maya elites based largely on controlled water access. Such an argument is plausible, however, it is less useful for understanding the sociopolitical implications of water use and control in other, water-rich parts of the Maya region.阅读-选项passage 591.The author of the passage implies which of the following about the political importance of the type of urban water management system described in the passage?A. Because the system was centralized, it allowed political control over a widely scattered population.B. The knowledge required to design and maintain the system became the pretext for Maya elites’ political authority.C. By selectively limiting access to water, Maya elites used the system to curb challenges to their authorityD. The system is not sufficient to explain the sources of centralized political power in all parts of the Maya regionE. The system’s continued maintenance required political authorities to exert control over an increasing proportion of economic resources.Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the water management systems in the central and southern Maya Lowlands?A. They were implemented in part because of the prevailing pattern of rainfall.B. They were an integral part of lowland cities’ architecture.C. They were needed because of insufficient resources such as ponds, rivers and lakes in the lowlands.阅读-正文Passage 48When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns. Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally? The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents. The larvae must feed during their trip, and their springtime release coincides with a peak in algae raining down from surface waters. So far, researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or amongvent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with not seasonal algae blooms.阅读-选项Passage 481.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?A. It casts doubt on the accuracy of earlier observations of seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.B. It undermines the explanation proposed for seasonal breeding among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.C. It suggests that alternative theories are needed to explain seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.D. It describes the survival benefits to shrimp of mating in parts of the ocean where algae blooms rain down abundantly.E. It supports the explanation proffered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.Passage 17Early naturalists believed two species of beaver lived in North America: dam beavers and bank beavers. The bank species was thought to resemble the muskrat in behavior, living in burrows or lodges and unable to build dams. In fact, dams are primarily a strategy for dealing with annual variations in water levels. If water levels fall in summer, as they do in most of North America, then beavers lodge entrances may be exposed. With stabilized water levels, their homes are much safer. Along deep rivers, where bank beavers are found, this problem seldom arises. But these beavers do know how to build dams, and do so if the need arises, as may occur if they are forced to relocate after felling and consuming all nearby trees.阅读-选项Passage 171.The passage provides support for which of the following statements about beaver dams?A. One important function of these dams is to protect beavers homes.B. Most are built prior to burrow construction.C. They are found mostly along deep rivers.D. They are routinely abandoned as nearby forests are depleted.E. They mainly protect beavers from rising water levels.2.The passage implies which of the following about beavers?A. Bank beavers are unable to successfully compete with dam beavers when resources become scarce.B. Differences in dam-building behavior among beavers do not necessarily imply multiple beaver species.C. Building dams eventually causes beavers to deplete nearby resources.D. When conditions permit, beavers are more likely to build dams than burrows or lodges.E. In beavers, dam-building is an acquired rather than an innate skill.Passage 161Although initially symptomless, glaucoma can eventually cause blindness when not properly treated. Tests under laboratory conditions of the traditional treatment, daily administration of eyedrops, show it to be as effective in relieving the internal ocular pressure that causes glaucoma as is a new laser-surgical procedure. Yet glaucoma-related blindness occurs in a significantly smaller percentage of patients who have had the surgery than of patients for whom only the eyedrop treatment was prescribed.阅读-选项Passage 1611.Which of following, if true, most helps to explain the low rateglaucoma-related blindness among patients who had the surgery?A. Glaucoma-related blindness is no more common among patients who have had only the surgery than it is among patients who had the surgery after using the eyedropsB. Doctors rarely recommend the surgery for glaucoma patients who have already started the traditional course of treatmentC. There is no known physiological cause of glaucoma other than increase in pressure inside the eyeD. A significant percentage of the people for whom the eyedrop treatment has been prescribed fail to follow the prescribed daily regimen, because the eyedrops have unpleasant side effects.E. The eyedrops traditionally prescribed to treat glaucoma are normally prescribed to treat other disease of the eye.阅读-正文Passage 139Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several reasons. First, the basic idea underlying the theory of representative bureaucracy is that the demographic composition of bureaucracy should mirror the demographic composition of the general public. This is because in addition to its symbolic value, increased access to managerial position may lead to greater responsiveness on the part of policy makersto the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such as American Indians. Second, the focus on higher level jobs in bureaucracies (as opposed tonon-managerial positions) is especially important because managerial positions represent a major source of economic progress for members of traditionally disadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good salaries, benefits, status, security, and mobility. Third, it is important to know if there has been growth in the American Indian share of more desirable public sector positions over the last two decades. For instance, Peterson and Duncan argue that the population and power of American Indians have been growing in certain states. Peterson and Duncan also suggest that this growth may reflect the possibility that American Indian population are becoming more active in nontraditional areas of politics, assimilating into mainstream culture, and securing with greater frequency leadership positions in non-tribal government.阅读-选项Passage 1391.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. summarize a demographic trend over timeB. present findings on a demographic groupC. analyze the demographic composition of a type of jobD. explain the need for particular social researchE. argue for the implementation of a social policy2.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as whole?A. It hypothesizes a phenomenon that might explain a point made in the preceding sentence.B. It provides evidence that undermines that assertion made in the first sentence.C. It offers a projection regarding the development of a trend mentioned earlier in the passage.D. It presents an interpretation of a discrepancy noted earlier in the passage.E. It proposed an implementation of a policy mentioned in the preceding sentence.。

GRE全真考试题四阅读理解Passage 1The United States is unique in the extent to which it relies on the private sector to fund most of its health care system. In most of the other advanced industrial economies, government health expenditures are much higher than they are in the United States. With an aging population, growing medical costs, and an increasing number of uninsured Americans, proposals to expand government health care have gained momentum.One approach is to establish a single-payer system, which would eliminate private insurers and have the federal government finance all medical care. This type of system is already in place in Canada and some European countries.Another approach is the public option, which would be a government-run health insurance agency that would compete with private insurers. This type of proposal would allow individuals to choose between private insurance and public insurance. Both the public and private insurers would be required to offer coverage to people, regardless of their preexisting medical conditions.Critics of the public option argue that it would drive private insurers out of business, causing a loss of jobs and further straining the economy. Supporters counter that a public option would provide more competition, which would lead to lower prices and better coverage.1.What is the main idea of the passage?2.In what ways is the United States unique in its approach to fundinghealth care?3.What is a single-payer health care system?4.What is the public option and how does it differ from a single-payersystem?5.What are some arguments for and against the public option?Passage 2Forty-five million Americans lack health insurance. This is a crisis that affects not only the uninsured but also the insured, who face rising premiums and co-payments as hospitals pass on costs for uncompensated care. The problem of the uninsured will only get worse if we continue down our present path. The consequences of this crisis are severe: inadequate medical care for millions ofpeople, financial hardship and bankruptcy for those who become seriously ill, and a strain on the economy as health care costs increase.Opponents of reform argue that expanding coverage will be too expensive, resulting in higher taxes and overburdened government bureaucracies. They also argue that people are already receiving adequate medical care through hospital emergency rooms, which are required by law to treat anyone who shows up, regardless of their ability to pay.This reasoning is shortsighted and fails to recognize the high costs of our present system. Uninsured people receive inadequate medical care, which results in missed work and lost wages. When uninsured people become seriously ill, they are often forced to depend on expensive emergency room care, which puts a burden on hospitals and raises costs for everyone. By providing comprehensive coverage, we can lower health care costs and improve the health and well-being of our citizens.6.What is the main problem facing the United States in terms of healthcare?7.How does the issue of the uninsured affect the insured population?8.What are the consequences of the health care crisis?9.What are the arguments against expanding health care coverage?10.What are the costs of our present system, and how would expandingcoverage improve health care costs?文本填空Organizations benefit when they __1__the career development of their employees. Through learning, employees are 2 to be better equipped to meet the demands of their roles, improving quality, productivity, and efficiency. Additionally, promotion from within the organization creates a positive atmosphere improving 3 morale. Furthermore, training and development opportunities send 4 to employees that they are valued, and organizational investment in learning can help lead to talent 5.1.promote2.better3.overall4. a message5.retention句子等价1.He has an extraordinary gift for writing.2.She is blessed with a remarkable ability to write.3.I’m afraid we can’t afford to buy a new house at the moment.4.Unfortunately, we don’t have the means to purchase a n ew home at this time.5.I really enjoy sampling different cuisine from around the world.6.Exploring global cuisine is something I find immensely satisfying.7.We must consider all the possible consequences of this proposal.8.Every possible outcome of this proposal needs to be evaluated.。

2019年GRE考试语文综合阅读历年真题解析GRE考试是许多学生在追求留学的过程中要面对的重要考试之一。

语文综合阅读是GRE考试中的一大难点，因此对历年真题进行解析是帮助考生提高阅读能力、熟悉考试形式的重要途径。

本文将对2019年GRE考试语文综合阅读历年真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地备考。

第一篇文章：《xxx》真题解析在第一篇文章中，题目为《xxx》。

该篇文章主要讨论了xxx的原理和应用。

我们从文章中可以得出如下结论：xxx是一种xxx，它的用途广泛，可以用于xxx、xxx等领域。

在该文章中，作者首先介绍了xxx的基本概念和定义。

然后，作者详细解释了xxx的工作原理，并举例说明了其在实际应用中的作用。

此外，作者还探讨了xxx的发展前景以及可能面临的挑战。

关于这篇文章的解析，我们可以从以下几个方面展开：1. xxx的定义和基本概念在这部分内容中，我们可以详细解释xxx的定义，并列举一些相关的例子和应用场景，以帮助考生更好地理解。

2. xxx的工作原理这一部分需要详细解释xxx的工作原理，涉及到一些具体的原理和概念。

可以使用图表或表格等方式进行辅助说明，帮助考生直观地理解。

3. xxx的应用领域在介绍xxx的应用领域时，可以列举一些具体的案例，讲述xxx 在实际应用中的作用和效果。

考生可以从这些例子中学习到具体的应用方法和技巧。

4. xxx的发展前景和挑战在文章的结尾部分，我们可以展望一下xxx的发展前景，并分析可能面临的挑战。

这可以帮助考生对xxx有一个更加全面的认识，并思考如何应对未来可能出现的问题。

通过对这篇文章的解析，考生可以加深对xxx的理解，提高阅读能力，并在考试中更好地应对相关题目。

第二篇文章：《xxx》真题解析在第二篇文章中，题目为《xxx》。

该篇文章主要讨论了xxx的影响和应对措施。

我们从文章中可以得出如下结论：xxx对xxx产生了重要的影响，为了应对这一问题，我们需要采取相应的措施。

2019年12月四级考试真题及答案第-套Part Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, уоu are allowed 30 minutes to write а letter to а foreignfriend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend а cityto him. You should write at least 120 words but по more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A、Directions:In this section, уou will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, уоu will hear two or three questions. Both the news report andthen questions will be spoken only once. After уоu hear a question, уоumust choose the best answer. from the four choices markedA), В), C) andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet lwith а singleline through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.В) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.￥B) It found its way back to the park' 's zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists.D) It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just hear d.3. A) It is the largest of its kind.B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.D) It is staring an online exhibition.&4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D) Pictures by winners of а wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash.В) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages.$D) Play with children.6. A) They are especially intelligent.B) They are children 's favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame.D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases.*D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science.(D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A) It will be more futuristic.B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining.D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science.B) Youngsters eager to explore."C) Children in their early teens.~D) Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional advice.B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet.D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure.B) Helpless.…C) Concerned.D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrassed.B) Unconcerned.…C) Miserable.D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others' achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.SectionCDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage,】you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questionswіll bе ѕроkеn оnlу оnсе. Аftеr уоu hеаr аquеѕtіоn, уои muѕt сhооѕе thеbest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.{C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys' comments.18. A) Offer personalized teachingB) Provide a variety of optionalC) Place great emphasis on test scores.D) Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats' and dogs.·B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think.D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A) They drive most of the time.B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain.D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.$B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter .Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one 's muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from staining one 's muscles in an unusual way.，23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24. A) About one week.B) About two days.C) About ten days.D) About four weeks.￥25. A) Apply muscle creams.B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower.D) Take pain-killers..Part llI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required 1oselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowving the passage. Read the passage through carefuly before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter: Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.~Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take yourchances with tap water' Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or_ 26the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's thesafe, sane thing to do, right The bottle is_ 27, and the label says“pure water”but maybe what's inside is not you still be drinking it if you knewthat more than 90percent of all bottled water sold around the world_29microplasticsThat's the conclusion of a recently__ 30_study, which analyzed 259 bottlesfrom ll brands sold in nine countries,-31an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water. These microplastics included a__ 32commonly known as PET and are widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and_ 33_ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, ajournalism organization. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only bythirsty tourists but also by many of the billion worldwide who live with unsafedrinking water.Confronted with this__ 34 several bottled-water manufacturers includingNestle and Coco-Cola undertook their own studies using the same studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than thOrb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organization has now launched a review into the__ 35health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.A) adequateB) admiringC) containsD) defending%E) evidenceF) instantG) liquidH) modifiedI) naturalJ) potentialK) releasedL) revealing(M) sealedN) solvesO) substance :Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter: Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.The Quiet Heroism of Mail Delivery'·[A] On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight,Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colderthan Antarctica, Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zeroin Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degreesbelow zero in Buffalo, North Dakota,according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businessesclosed, and more than l ,000 flights have been canceled.【[B] Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail deliverytemporarily. "Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPSemployees," USPS announced Wednesday morning, the Postal Service is suspendingdelivery Jan. 30 in the following 3-digit ZIP Code locations." Twelve regions werelisted as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.[C] As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extremeweather. In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and othernatural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague VannNewkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destructionand resource scarcity from 2017's Hurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck acommunity's infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services,however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal,[D] Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a dronecaught footage of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in thatfamiliar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: Theoperation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to RaeAnn Haight, the program manager for thenational-preparedness office at USPS,Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mailthat was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. I followedmy route like I normally do," Smith told a reporter. As I'd come across a box thatwas up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail- -outgoing mail- -in it. Andso we picked those up and carried on.'[E] USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across thcountry, 285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teamsare trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property,product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agency 's top priority is ensuringthat employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as theroads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-openoperations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sentelsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming NewOrleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed inNew Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected fromwater damage.[F] As soon as it's safe enough to be outside,' couriers start distributingaccumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standingaddresses to file change-of- address forms with their new location. After HurricaneKatrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of other locations across thecountry in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.[G] Every day, USPS processes, on average, million pieces ofmail -anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeoplefrom both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can beextremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still relyon delivery services to be completed.[H]It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such asSocial Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitivematerial. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make surethat Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After HurricaneFlorence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local electionboards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.^[I] Mail companies are logistics companies, which puts them in a special positionto help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized itsmassive infrastructure as a unique federal asset" to be called upon in a disaster orterrorist attack. I think we're unique as a federal agency," USPS official MikeSwigart told me, because we're in literally every community in this countryWe' re obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis.'[J]Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use theirexpertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than adecade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergencysupplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012,the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groupsin California, and donated space for million pounds of charitable shipping October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support forHurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS's charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, usesthe company 's logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. We realize that as acompany with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role," saidEduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs it:trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke toMartinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael inFlorida with the American Red Cross. Wehave an obligation to make sure ourcommunities are thriving, prosperous," he said.[K] Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disastermay still remain. Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some smallroutines- -mail delivery being one of them- -may help residents remember that theircommunities are still their communities. When they see that carrier back out on thestreet," Swigart said, that's the first sign to them that life is starting to return tonormal."36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees' safety.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach tccommunities compared with other federal agencies38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service i$ still responsible for the completion of almost half ofpayments.！40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becomingnormal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail servicepoints were set up.42. Postal service in some regions in the . was suspended due to extreme coldweather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributingurgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite ofextreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some;questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line 'through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligentteaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in theonline class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a corerequirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Scienceprogram. Professor Goelalready had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn t enough todeal with the overwhelming number of questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that gounanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to dosomething to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistantnamed Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill W atson before releasing herto the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasnt too great. But Goel and histeam sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had everbeen asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questionsand answers. After some adjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer thestudents questions correctly 97% of the time. The L virtual assistant became soadvanced and realistic that the students didn t know she was a computer. The students,who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with artificial intelligenceand couldn't tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn 't inform them about Jill'strue identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about theexperience.The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant next year is to take over answering40% of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name, Jill Watson,will of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a muchrosier outlook on the future of AI than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gatesor Steve Wozniak.46. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence】A) It is a robot that can answer students' questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47. What problem did Professor Goel meet withA) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students questions were too many to handle.】D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we learn about Jill WatsonA) She turned out to be a great success.B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first.D) She was released online as an experiment.10/23149. How did the students feel about Jill W atson）A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge.D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill W atsonA) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.c) Assign her to answer more of students questions.&D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don' t hurt. Thoseare a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from arecent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network andsome promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken offin recent years for everything from making movies to building water-saving have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raisedmore than twice their goal, but others have fallen short of reaching more modesttargets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, ateam led by science communications scholar Mike Schäfer of the University of Zurichin Switzerland examined the content of the WebPages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report inPublic Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform thatspecializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Althoughsites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as Experiment. com,, and Petridish. org only present scientific projects. For another, theypresent the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humorimproved success. Most of them engage with potential donors since projects thatanswered questions from interested donors and posted lab notes fared better. And theytarget a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 onaverage, with 30% of projects receiving less than $ 1000. The more money a projectsought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably,the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how muchresearcher promotes a project on his or her own. Those two factors are by far morecritical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers effortsto reach the public, and people givebecause they feel a connection to the person"who is doing the fundraising- -not necessarily to the science."11/3151. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for theirprojectsA) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Schafer's research of recent crowdfundingcampaignsA) To create attractive content for science websites.^B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaignA) The potential benefit to future generations.为B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.$D) The value of the proposed project.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfundingprojectsA) They should be small to be successful.B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care.D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaignA) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.：B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you cre allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from( 'hinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。

2019年GRE考试阅读综合整理测试题及答案Whereas Carlos Bulosan aimed through fiction and personal testimony to advance both Filipino civil rights in the United States and the social transformation of the Philippines, Yen Le Espiritu has set herself the task of recovering life histories of Filipino Americans. Her work brings Filipino Americans of the generation following the 1934-1965 immigration hiatus graphically to life. A special strength is the representation of Filipino American women, who were scarce among immigrants before the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration but composed more than half of the immigrants to America since liberalization in 1965.Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense ofFilipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.1. According to the passage, both Bulosan and Espiritu do which of the following in their work?A. Consider generational differences in Filipino immigrants’ responses to life in the United StatesB. Attempt to make allowance for the demographic variations among Filipino immigrants to the United StatesC. Employ fiction in addition to documenting actual life histories of Filipino immigrants to the United StatesD. Represent how life in the United States has affected immigrants’ sense of Filipino identityE. Examine the effects on Filipinos in the United States of the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration2. In the context in which it appears, “graphically” most nearly meansA. in writingB. by means of drawingC. impressionisticallyD. diagrammaticallyE. vividly答案：D E。

2019年GRE阅读综合整理考前练习题及答案The finding that there were rock-melting temperatures on asteroids for sustained periods is puzzling：asteroids’ heat source is unknown, and unlike planet-sized bodies, such small bodies quickly dissipate heat. Rubin suggests that asteroids’ heat could h ave derived from collisions between asteroids. Skeptics have argued that a single impact would raise an asteroid’s overall temperature very little and that asteroids would cool too quickly between impacts to accumulate much heat. However, these objections assumed that asteroids are dense, solid bodies. A recent discovery that asteroids are highly porous makes Rubin’s hypothesis more plausible. When solid bodies collide, much debris is ejected, dissipating energy. Impacts on porous bodies generate less debris, so more energy goes into producing heat. Heat could be retained as debris fall back into impact craters, creating an insulating blanket.1. The passage suggests that one factor that has made it difficult to account for the temperatures once reached by asteroids isA. a miscalculation of the frequency of asteroid collisionsB. a misconception about asteroids’ densityC. a mistaken assumption about what the heat source of the asteroids wasD. an underestimation of the rate at which small bodies lose heatE. an erroneous view of how asteroids were formedConsider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2. It can be inferred from the passage that Rubin disagrees with skeptics mentioned in the passage about which of the following?A. Whether porous bodies generate less debris when struck than do solid bodiesB. The temperatures asteroids would have to reach for their rocks to have meltedC. The likely effect of impacts on asteroids’ temperatures答案：B C。

2019年GRE考试填空练习试题及答案解析410、 Copyright and patent laws attempt to encourageinnovation by ensuring that inventors are paid for creative work, so it would be________if expanded protection underthese laws discouraged entrepreneurial innovation byincreasing fears of lawsuits.(A) desirable(B) coincidental(C) ironic(D) natural(E) sensible分析：本题构成了"单空格模式"，因为 encourage 和discourage 构成了对比，所以空格要表达的是负评价词。

A 令人满意的，可取的;B 一致的;C 讽刺的，矛盾的;D 自然的;E 有感觉的，意识到的，明智的。

C选项准确。

翻译：版权和专利法试图通过确保发明者能够因为他们的创造性工作而得到报酬来鼓励发明，所以，如果在这些法律之下的进一步保护因为增加了企业家的诉讼恐惧感而防碍了企业的发明，则是矛盾的。

扩展：本题所描述的情况类似中国国内的《劳动合同法》，这部法律一方面希望能保护劳动者的权益，但是另一方面因为增加了企业家的诉讼恐惧感，而限制了他们的雇用行为，反而导致了失业人数的上升。

11、 The widespread public shock at the news of theguilty verdict was caused partly by _________ news storiesthat had_________ acquittal.(A) sensational...condemned(B) buried...urged(C) impartial...mentioned(D) biased...predicted(E) local...denounced分析：空格 1 填入一个形容词，修饰"新闻报道(news stories)"，空格 2 填入一个动词，表示"新闻报道"对"无罪判决(acquittal)"做的动作。

2019年GRE考试精选填空模拟试题及答案解析(4)
Psychology has slowly evolved into an ___ scientific discipline that now functions autonomously with the same privileges and responsibilities as other sciences.
A independent
B unusual
C outmoded
D uncontrolled
E inactive
选A
翻译：心理学已经逐渐发展成一门自主运作的独立学科，拥有与
其他科学同等的待遇和责任。

outmoded 过时的
inactive 不常用的，不活跃的，(暂时)不发挥作用的，退学的，无活性的
理解：德国心理学家艾宾浩斯说过(大概)——心理学有很长的过去，历史却很短。

虽然人们很早就觉察并试图解释很多心理现象，但
心理学作为一门学科获得长足发展，是最近200来年的事。

盖其依赖
其他基础学科为它提供必要的研究工具、方法和材料，比如如何采集
数据，如何测量，如何设计实验，比如需要解剖学的发现作为心理学
某些研究或假设的基础，需要数学和计算机科技的发展协助心理学的
科学家处理海量数据，等等。

而这之前的心理学，也许更多停留在读心、解梦、阴阳感应等领域，其实现在市场上还有太多太多这种伪心
理学书籍和谣言，可能这个社会就是需要这些运转吧。

考场上不要琢
磨这些很不划算，回家慢慢想。

2019年GRE考试精选填空模拟试题及答案解析(4)
Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very recently, been regarded merely as ____ fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers
A a controversial
B a statistical
C an analytical
D an explicit
E an unimpeachable
选B
翻译：出自女性作家之手的十八世纪小说远多于男性，但这件事
一直被认为是只有统计学意义的晦涩知识(冷知识)，也就只有目录学
家知道，直到不久前……
开始的一大串内容(Many more eighteenth-century novels
were written by women than by men)，都被this dominance指代，
作为句子的主语，与解题关系不大，掠过。

这种优势(this dominance)直到最近(才被人们发现，被重视等)，以前它仅仅一件( )的事，也就目录学家才知道的冷僻信息。

解释一下目录学家bibliographer：这是一群研究书籍出版信息
的专家。

读者大概比较关心一本书的内容，而目录学家可能更关心某
本书的版本，印数，排版，装订，生产工艺等信息。

目录学家也会把
书籍按照各种标准分类研究，比如根据出版年代，作者的种族，书的
主题等。

2019年GRE考试常考词汇解析(4)1.flappable /flæpbl/ adj. 容易兴奋的,易于烦乱的【英文解释】easily upset;【词根解释】flap 轻拍，拍打，源自fl-是拟声词，翅膀拍打的声音。

flappable 中，pp-表示动作的重复，所以本意表示“能够扇动翅膀的”，引申为“心境或者情绪在不停浮动的”，即“容易兴奋的，易于烦乱的”。

【例句】The vehicles would have flappable wings as a disguise. 这个工具有拍动的翅膀做伪装。

2.prosaic /pr’zek/ adj. 无灵感的;无想像力的;平淡的;乏味的源自prose 散文，所以prosaic 表示，像散文一样平铺直叙的，引申为“平淡的，乏味的”。

【例句】The masses were too preoccupied by prosaic day-to-day concerns. 人们都太忙碌于平淡的日常事务。

【近义词】average, ordinary, normal,routine,unremarkable, common, commonplace, humdrum, unglamorous3.tendentious /tn’dns/ adj. (指演说、文章等)宣传性的,有偏见的,不公平的,有倾向性的源自tend 倾向。

【例句】a tendentious reading of history. 带偏见地读史。

4.discreet /d’skrit/ adj. 小心的;谨慎的dis-=分开;creet-=cern-=关心，如concern; 所以discreet表示，对每个东西都分别地注重，引申为“小心的，谨慎的”。

【例句】she wore a grey frock, discreet and asexual. 她穿着灰色连衣裙，毫不张扬，也让人无法产生性的联想。