Dynamic Load Balancing in Parallel Database Systems

K-对策者 K—strategistisn维超体积资源空间 n—dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位 n-dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律 Law of Frequencyr-对策者 r-strategistis奥陶纪 Ordovician period白垩土草地 chalk grassland斑块 patch斑块性 patchiness斑块性种群 patchy population半荒漠 semi-desert半矩阵或星系图 constellation diagrams伴生种 companion species饱和密度 saturation density饱和期 asymptotic phase保护哲学 conservation philosophy北方针叶林 northern conifer forest被动取样假说 passive sampling hypothesis本能 instinct本能行为 instinctive behavior避敌 avoiding predator边缘效应 edge effect变异性 variability标志重捕法 mark recapture methods标准频度图解 frequency diagram表现型适应 phenotypic adaptation并行的 simultaneous并行同源 paralogy捕食 predation不重叠的 non—overlapping残存斑块 remnant patch残余廊道 remnant corridor操作性条件作用 operant conditioning草原生态系统 grassland system层次性结构 hierachical structure产卵和取食促进剂 oviposition and feeding stimulant 产业生态学 industry ecology长日照植物 long day plant超体积生态位 hyper—volume niche成本外摊 externalized cost程序化死亡 programmed cell death尺度效应 scaling effect抽彩式竞争 competive lottery臭氧层破坏 ozone layer destruction出生率 natality或birth rate初级生产 primary production初级生产力 primary productivity初级生产者 primary producer传感器 sensor串行的 serial垂直结构 vertical structure春化 vernalization次级生产 secondary production次级生产力 secondary productivity次生演替 secondary successon粗密度 crude density存活曲线 survival curve存活值 survival value存在度 presence搭载效应 hitchhiking effect大陆—岛屿型复合种群 mainland-island metapopulation 带状廊道 strip corridor单联 single linkage单体生物 unitary organism单位努力捕获量 catch per unit effort单元的 monothetic淡水生态系统 fresh water ecosystem氮循环 nitrogen cycling等级(系统)理论 hierarchy theory等级的 hierarchical底内动物 infauna底栖动物 benthos地表火 surface fire地带性生物群落 biome地理信息系统 geographic information system地面芽植物 hemicryptophytes地上芽植物 chamaephytes地植物学 geobotany第三纪 Tetiary period第四纪 Quaternary period点突变 genic mutation或point mutation电荷耦合器 charge coupled device, CCD顶极阶段 climax stage顶极群落 climax community顶极种 climax species动态率模型 dynamic pool model动态平衡理论 dynamic equilibrium theory动态生命表 dynamic life table动物痕迹的计数 counts of animal signs动物计数 counts of animals冻原 tundra短日照植物 short day plant断层 gaps多波段光谱扫描仪 multichannel spectrum scanner, MSS 多度 abundance多样化 variety多元的 poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino反馈feedback反射reflex泛化种generalist防卫行为defennce behavior访花昆虫flower visitor非等级的non—hierarchical非空间模型non-spatial model非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitat-tracking metapopulation非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation非生态位non-niche非生物环境physical environment非线性关系nonlinear分布dispersion分解者decomposer分支过程branching process分子分类学molecular taxonomy分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution分子生态学molecular ecology分子系统学molecular systematics浮游动物plankton负反馈negative feedback)负荷量carrying capacity负相互作用negative interaction负选择negative selection附底动物epifauna复合种群metapopulation富营养化现象eutrohication改良relamation盖度coverage盖度比cover ratio干扰disturbance干扰斑块disturbance patch干扰廊道disturbance corridor干扰作用interference高度height高斯假说Coarse's hypothesis高斯理论Coarse's theory高位芽植物phanerophytes格林威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis 个体individual个体论概念individualistic concept更新renewal功能生态位functional niche攻击行为aggressive behavior构件modules构件生物modular organism关键种keystone species关联系数association coefficients光饱和点light saturation point光补偿点light compensation point光周期photoperiod过滤器filter哈德-温伯格原理Hardy—Weinberg principle 海洋生态系统Ocean ecosytem寒武纪Cambrian period旱生植物siccocolous河流廊道river corridor恒有度contancy红树林mangrove呼吸量respiration互利mutualism互利素synomone互利作用synomonal化感作用allelopathy化学防御chemical defence化学生态学chemical ecology化学物质allelochemicals化学隐藏chemocryptic划分的divisive环境environment环境伦理学environmental ethics环境容纳量environmental carryin capacity环境资源斑块environmental resource patch环境资源廊道environmental resource corridor 荒漠desert荒漠化desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon恢复生态学restoration ecology混沌学chaos混合型mixed type活动库exchange pool获得性行为acquired behavior机体论学派organismic school基础生态位Fundamental niche基质matrix极点排序法polar ordination集群型clumped寄生parasitism加速期accelerating phase价值value价值流value flow间接排序indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis减速期decelerating phase简单聚合法lumping碱性植物alkaline soil plant建群种constructive species接触化学感觉contact chemoreception解磷菌或溶磷菌Phosphate-solubiIizing Microorganisms, PSM 进化适应evolutionary adaptation经典型复合种群classic metapopulation经济密度economic density景观landscape景观格局landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model景观生态学landscape ecology净初级生产量net primary production竞争competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle静态生命表static life table局部种群local population距离效应distance effect聚合的agglomerative均匀型uniform菌根mycorrhiza抗毒素phytoalexins可持续发展sustainable development 空间结构spatial structure空间模型spatial model空间生态位spatial niche空间异质性spatial heterogeneity 库pool矿产资源mineral resources廊道corridor离散性discrete利己素allomone利己作用allomona利他行为altruism利他作用kairomonal连续体continuum联想学习associative learning猎食行为hunting behavior林冠火crown fire磷循环phosphorus cycling零假说null hypothesis领悟学习insight learning领域性territoriality流flow绿色核算green accounting逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis密度density密度比density ratio密度制约死亡density－dependent mortality 面积效应area effect灭绝extinction铭记imprinting模拟hametic模型modeling牧食食物链grazing food chain内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase内稳态homeostasis内稳态生物homeostatic organisms内源性endogenous内在的intrinsic耐阴植物shade－enduring plants能量分配原则principle of energy allocation 能量流动energy flow能源资源energy resources能值emergy泥盆纪Devonian period拟寄生parasitoidism逆分析inverse analysis年龄分布age distribution年龄结构age structure年龄性别锥体age—sex pyramid年龄锥体age pyramids偶见种rare species排序ordination配额quota配偶选择mate selection偏害amensalism偏利commensalism频度frequency平衡选择balancing selection平台plantform平行进化parallel evolution栖息地habitat期望值外推法extrapolation by expected value 气候驯化acclimatisation器官organs亲本投资parental investment亲族选择kin selection趋光性phototaxis趋化性chemotaxis趋同进化convergent evolution趋性taxis趋异进化divergent evolution趋异适应radiation adaptation取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 取样调查法sampling methods去除取样法removal sampling全联法complete linkage全球global全球变暖global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System全球生态学global ecology确限度fidelity群丛association群丛单位理论association unit theory群丛组association group群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure群落生态学community ecology群落水平格局horizontal pattern群落外貌physiognomy群落演替succession群系formation群系组formation group热带旱生林tropical dry forest热带季雨林tropical seasonal rainforest热带稀树草原tropical savanna热带雨林tropical rainforest热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch人工廊道introduced corridor人口调查法cencus technique人口统计学human demography日中性植物day neutral plant冗余redundancy冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis三叠纪Triassic period森林生态系统forest ecosystem熵值entropy value上渐线upper asymptotic社会性防卫行为defence behavior社会优势等级dominance hierarchy摄食行为feed behavior生活史life history生活史对策life history strategy生活小区biotope生活型life form生活周期life cycle生境habitat生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality生理死亡率physiological mortality生命表life table生态出生率ecological natality生态对策bionomic strategy生态反作用ecological reaction生态幅ecological amplitude生态工程ecological engineering生态工业ecological industry生态规划ecological planning生态恢复ecological restoration生态经济ecological economics生态旅游ecotourism生态密度ecological density生态农业ecological agriculture生态入侵ecological invasion生态设计ecological design生态适应ecological adaptation生态死亡率ecological mortality生态位niche生态位宽度niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap生态文明ecological civilization生态系统ecosystem生态系统产品ecosystem goods生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity生态系统服务ecosystem service生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology生态系统学ecosystemology生态型ecotype生态学ecology生态因子ecological factor生态元ecological unit生态作用ecological effect生物organism生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle生物多样性biodiversity生物量biomass生物潜能biotic potential生物群落biotic community，biome生物群落演替succession生殖潜能reproductive potential剩余空间residual space失共生aposymbiosis湿地wetland湿地生态系统wetland ecosystem湿地植物hygrophyte时间结构temporal structure实际出生率realized natality实际死亡率realized mortality食草动物herbivores食肉动物carnivores食物链food chain食物网food wed矢量vector适合度fitness适应辐射adaptive radiation适应值adaptive value适应组合adaptive suites收获理论harvest theory收益外泄externalized profit衰退型种群contracting population 水平格局horizontal pattern水土流失soil and water erosion 水循环water cycling瞬时增长率instantaneous rate死亡率mortality & death rate松散垂直耦连loose vertical coupling松散水平耦连loose horizontal coupling溯祖过程coalescent process溯祖理论coalescent theory酸性土理论acid soil plant酸雨acid rain随机型random碎屑食物链detritus food chainK-对策者K-strategistisn维超体积资源空间n-dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位n-dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律Law of Frequencyr-对策者r-strategistis奥陶纪Ordovician period白垩土草地chalk grassland斑块patch斑块性patchiness斑块性种群patchy population半荒漠semi-desert半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams伴生种companion species饱和密度saturation density饱和期asymptotic phase保护哲学conservation philosophy北方针叶林northern conifer forest被动取样假说passive sampling hypothesis本能instinct本能行为instinctive behavior避敌avoiding predator边缘效应edge effect变异性variability标志重捕法mark recapture methods标准频度图解frequency diagram表现型适应phenotypic adaptation并行的simultaneous并行同源paralogy捕食predation不重叠的non—overlapping残存斑块remnant patch残余廊道remnant corridor操作性条件作用operant conditioning草原生态系统grassland system层次性结构hierachical structure产卵和取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 产业生态学industry ecology长日照植物long day plant超体积生态位hyper—volume niche成本外摊externalized cost程序化死亡programmed cell death尺度效应scaling effect抽彩式竞争competive lottery臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction出生率natality或birth rate初级生产primary production初级生产力primary productivity初级生产者primary producer传感器sensor串行的serial垂直结构vertical structure春化vernalization次级生产secondary production次级生产力secondary productivity次生演替secondary successon粗密度crude density存活曲线survival curve存活值survival value存在度presence搭载效应hitchhiking effect大陆—岛屿型复合种群mainland-island metapopulation 带状廊道strip corridor单联single linkage单体生物unitary organism单位努力捕获量catch per unit effort单元的monothetic淡水生态系统fresh water ecosystem氮循环nitrogen cycling等级（系统)理论hierarchy theory等级的hierarchical底内动物infauna底栖动物benthos地表火surface fire地带性生物群落biome地理信息系统geographic information system 地面芽植物hemicryptophytes地上芽植物chamaephytes地植物学geobotany第三纪Tetiary period第四纪Quaternary period点突变genic mutation或point mutation电荷耦合器charge coupled device, CCD顶极阶段climax stage顶极群落climax community顶极种climax species动态率模型dynamic pool model动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium theory动态生命表dynamic life table动物痕迹的计数counts of animal signs动物计数counts of animals冻原tundra短日照植物short day plant断层gaps多波段光谱扫描仪multichannel spectrum scanner, MSS多度abundance多样化variety多元的poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino反馈feedback反射reflex泛化种generalist防卫行为defennce behavior访花昆虫flower visitor非等级的non—hierarchical非空间模型non-spatial model非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitat—tracking metapopulation非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation非生态位non—niche非生物环境physical environment非线性关系nonlinear分布dispersion分解者decomposer分支过程branching process分子分类学molecular taxonomy分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学molecular ecology分子系统学molecular systematics浮游动物plankton负反馈negative feedback）负荷量carrying capacity负相互作用negative interaction负选择negative selection附底动物epifauna复合种群metapopulation富营养化现象eutrohication改良relamation盖度coverage盖度比cover ratio干扰disturbance干扰斑块disturbance patch干扰廊道disturbance corridor干扰作用interference高度height高斯假说Coarse's hypothesis高斯理论Coarse's theory高位芽植物phanerophytes格林威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis个体individual个体论概念individualistic concept更新renewal功能生态位functional niche攻击行为aggressive behavior构件modules构件生物modular organism关键种keystone species关联系数association coefficients光饱和点light saturation point光补偿点light compensation point光周期photoperiod过滤器filter哈德-温伯格原理Hardy—Weinberg principle 海洋生态系统Ocean ecosytem寒武纪Cambrian period旱生植物siccocolous河流廊道river corridor恒有度contancy红树林mangrove呼吸量respiration互利mutualism互利素synomone互利作用synomonal化感作用allelopathy化学防御chemical defence化学生态学chemical ecology化学物质allelochemicals化学隐藏chemocryptic划分的divisive环境environment环境伦理学environmental ethics环境容纳量environmental carryin capacity环境资源斑块environmental resource patch环境资源廊道environmental resource corridor 荒漠desert荒漠化desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon恢复生态学restoration ecology混沌学chaos混合型mixed type活动库exchange pool获得性行为acquired behavior机体论学派organismic school基础生态位Fundamental niche基质matrix极点排序法polar ordination集群型clumped寄生parasitism加速期accelerating phase价值value价值流value flow间接排序indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis减速期decelerating phase简单聚合法lumping碱性植物alkaline soil plant建群种constructive species接触化学感觉contact chemoreception解磷菌或溶磷菌Phosphate-solubiIizing Microorganisms, PSM 进化适应evolutionary adaptation经典型复合种群classic metapopulation经济密度economic density景观landscape景观格局landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学landscape ecology净初级生产量net primary production竞争competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle静态生命表static life table局部种群local population距离效应distance effect聚合的agglomerative均匀型uniform菌根mycorrhiza抗毒素phytoalexins可持续发展sustainable development空间结构spatial structure空间模型spatial model空间生态位spatial niche空间异质性spatial heterogeneity库pool矿产资源mineral resources廊道corridor离散性discrete利己素allomone利己作用allomona利他行为altruism利他作用kairomonal连续体continuum联想学习associative learning猎食行为hunting behavior林冠火crown fire磷循环phosphorus cycling零假说null hypothesis领悟学习insight learning领域性territoriality流flow绿色核算green accounting逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis密度density密度比density ratio密度制约死亡density－dependent mortality 面积效应area effect灭绝extinction铭记imprinting模拟hametic模型modeling牧食食物链grazing food chain内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase内稳态homeostasis内稳态生物homeostatic organisms内源性endogenous内在的intrinsic耐阴植物shade－enduring plants能量分配原则principle of energy allocation 能量流动energy flow能源资源energy resources能值emergy泥盆纪Devonian period拟寄生parasitoidism逆分析inverse analysis年龄分布age distribution年龄结构age structure年龄性别锥体age-sex pyramid年龄锥体age pyramids偶见种rare species排序ordination配额quota配偶选择mate selection偏害amensalism偏利commensalism频度frequency平衡选择balancing selection平台plantform平行进化parallel evolution栖息地habitat期望值外推法extrapolation by expected value 气候驯化acclimatisation器官organs亲本投资parental investment亲族选择kin selection趋光性phototaxis趋化性chemotaxis趋同进化convergent evolution趋性taxis趋异进化divergent evolution趋异适应radiation adaptation取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 取样调查法sampling methods去除取样法removal sampling全联法complete linkage全球global全球变暖global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System全球生态学global ecology确限度fidelity群丛association群丛单位理论association unit theory群丛组association group群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure群落生态学community ecology群落水平格局horizontal pattern群落外貌physiognomy群落演替succession群系formation群系组formation group热带旱生林tropical dry forest热带季雨林tropical seasonal rainforest热带稀树草原tropical savanna热带雨林tropical rainforest热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch人工廊道introduced corridor人口调查法cencus technique人口统计学human demography日中性植物day neutral plant冗余redundancy冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis三叠纪Triassic period森林生态系统forest ecosystem熵值entropy value上渐线upper asymptotic社会性防卫行为defence behavior社会优势等级dominance hierarchy摄食行为feed behavior生活史life history生活史对策life history strategy生活小区biotope生活型life form生活周期life cycle生境habitat生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality生理死亡率physiological mortality生命表life table生态出生率ecological natality生态对策bionomic strategy生态反作用ecological reaction生态幅ecological amplitude生态工程ecological engineering生态工业ecological industry生态规划ecological planning生态恢复ecological restoration生态经济ecological economics生态旅游ecotourism生态密度ecological density生态农业ecological agriculture生态入侵ecological invasion生态设计ecological design生态适应ecological adaptation生态死亡率ecological mortality生态位niche生态位宽度niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap生态文明ecological civilization生态系统ecosystem生态系统产品ecosystem goods生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity生态系统服务ecosystem service生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology生态系统学ecosystemology生态型ecotype生态学ecology生态因子ecological factor生态元ecological unit生态作用ecological effect生物organism生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle 生物多样性biodiversity生物量biomass生物潜能biotic potential生物群落biotic community，biome生物群落演替succession生殖潜能reproductive potential剩余空间residual space失共生aposymbiosis湿地wetland湿地生态系统wetland ecosystem湿地植物hygrophyte时间结构temporal structure实际出生率realized natality实际死亡率realized mortality食草动物herbivores食肉动物carnivores食物链food chain食物网food wed矢量vector适合度fitness适应辐射adaptive radiation适应值adaptive value适应组合adaptive suites收获理论harvest theory收益外泄externalized profit衰退型种群contracting population水平格局horizontal pattern水土流失soil and water erosion水循环water cycling瞬时增长率instantaneous rate死亡率mortality & death rate松散垂直耦连loose vertical coupling松散水平耦连loose horizontal coupling溯祖过程coalescent process溯祖理论coalescent theory酸性土理论acid soil plant酸雨acid rain随机型random碎屑食物链detritus food chainK-对策者K—strategistisn维超体积资源空间n-dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位n—dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律Law of Frequencyr-对策者r-strategistis奥陶纪Ordovician period白垩土草地chalk grassland斑块patch斑块性patchiness斑块性种群patchy population半荒漠semi-desert半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams伴生种companion species饱和密度saturation density饱和期asymptotic phase保护哲学conservation philosophy北方针叶林northern conifer forest被动取样假说passive sampling hypothesis 本能instinct本能行为instinctive behavior避敌avoiding predator边缘效应edge effect。

机械设计专业术语的英语翻译阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arrangement背锥back cone ；normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed变速speed change变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD912不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit913齿轮联轴器gear coupling齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number齿数比gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio冲床punch传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置gearing; transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft串联式组合combination in series串联式组合机构series combined mechanism串级调速cascade speed control创新innovation ; creation创新设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load唇形橡胶密封lip rubber seal磁流体轴承magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮driven pulley从动件driven link, follower从动件平底宽度width of flat-face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse thread大齿轮gear wheel打包机packer打滑slipping带传动belt driving带轮belt pulley带式制动器band brake单列轴承single row bearing单向推力轴承single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节single universal joint单位矢量unit vector914当量齿轮equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导热性conduction of heat导程lead导程角lead angle等加等减速运动规律parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮constant-breadth cam等效构件equivalent link等效力equivalent force等效力矩equivalent moment of force等效量equivalent等效质量equivalent mass等效转动惯量equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型dynamically equivalent model底座chassis低副lower pair点划线chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal碟形弹簧belleville spring顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity动力润滑dynamic lubrication动平衡dynamic balance动平衡机dynamic balancing machine动态特性dynamic characteristics动态分析设计dynamic analysis design动压力dynamic reaction动载荷dynamic load端面transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距transverse circular pitch915端面齿廓transverse tooth profile端面重合度transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角transverse pressure angle锻造forge对称循环应力symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承multi-row bearing多楔带poly V-belt多项式运动规律polynomial motion多质量转子rotor with several masses惰轮idle gear额定寿命rating life额定载荷load ratingII 级杆组dyad发生线generating line发生面generating plane法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters法面齿距normal circular pitch法面模数normal module法面压力角normal pressure angle法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆straight sided normal worm法向力normal force反馈式组合feedback combining反向运动学inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法kinematic inversion反正切Arctan范成法generating cutting仿形法form cutting方案设计、概念设计concept design, CD防振装置shockproof device飞轮flywheel飞轮矩moment of flywheel非标准齿轮nonstandard gear非接触式密封non-contact seal非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮non-circular gear粉末合金powder metallurgy916分度线reference line; standard pitch line分度圆reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at reference cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法analytical method封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合铰链compound hinge复合式组合compound combining复合轮系compound (or combined) gear train复合平带compound flat belt复合应力combined stress复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism复杂机构complex mechanism杆组Assur group干涉interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列height series高速带high speed belt高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoff`s law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter高度系列height series功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment公法线common normal line917公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design918。

索引（按照汉语拼音字母顺序）A安全系数 safety factorB半桥接法 half bridge闭口薄壁杆件 thin-walled tubes比例极限 proportional limit边界条件 boundary conditions变截面梁 beam of variable cross section变形 deformation变形协调方程 compatibility equation标距 gage length泊松比 Poisson’s ratio补偿片 compensating blockC材料力学 mechanics of materials冲击荷载 impact load初应力，预应力 initial stress纯剪切 pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materialsD大柔度杆 long columns单位荷载 unit load单位力偶 unit couple单位荷载法 unit-load method单向应力 uniaxial stress等强度梁 beam of constant strength低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡 bridge balancing电阻应变片 resistance strain gage电阻应变仪 resistance strain indicator叠加法 superposition method叠加原理 superposition principle动荷载 dynamic load断面收缩率 percentage reduction in area多余约束 redundant restraintE二向应力状态 state of biaxial stressF分布力 distributed force复杂应力状态 state of triaxial stress复合材料 composite materialG杆，杆件 bar刚度 stiffness刚架 frame刚节点 rigid joint高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料 isotropical material功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计 active strain gage工作应力 working stress构件 structural member惯性半径 radius of gyration of an area惯性积 product of inertia惯性矩 moment of inertia广义胡克定律 generalized Hook’s lawH横向变形 lateral deformation胡克定律 Hook’s law滑移线 slip-linesIJ基本系统 primary system畸变能理论 distortion energy theory畸变能密度 distortional strain energy density 极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia极限应力 ultimate stress极限荷载 limit load挤压应力 bearing stress剪力 shear force剪力方程 equation of shear force剪力图 shear force diagram剪力流 shear flow剪切胡克定律 Hook’s law for shear剪切 shear交变应力，循环应力 cyclic stress截面法 method of sections截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area 截面核心 core of section静不定次数，超静定次数 degree of a statically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题 statically indeterminate problem静定问题 statically determinate problem静荷载 static load静矩 static moment颈缩 neckingK开口薄壁杆件 bar of thin-walled open cross section抗拉强度 ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数 section modulus in bendingL拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆 axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法 force method力学性能 mechanical properties连续梁 continuous beam连续条件 continuity condition梁 beams临界应力 critical stress临界荷载 critical loadM名义屈服强度 offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure敏感栅 sensitive gridN挠度 deflection挠曲线 deflection curve挠曲线方程 equation of deflection curve挠曲线近似微分方程 approximately differential equation of the deflection curve 内力 internal forces扭矩 torsional moment扭矩图 torque diagram扭转 torsion扭转极限应力 ultimate stress in torsion扭转角 angel of twist扭转屈服极限 yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度 torsional rigidityO欧拉公式 Euler’s formula疲劳极限 endurance limit疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳寿命 fatigue life偏心拉伸 eccentric tension偏心压缩 eccentric compression平均应力 average stress平面弯曲 plane bending平面应力状态 state of plane stress平行移轴定理 parallel axis theorem平面假设 plane cross-section assumptionQ强度 strength强度理论 theory of strength强度条件 strength condition切变模量 shear modulus切应变 shear strain切应力 shear stress切应力互等定理 theorem of conjugate shearing stress 屈服 yield屈服强度 yield strength全桥接线法 full bridgeR热应力 thermal stressS三向应力状态 state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花 three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花 three-element delta rosette失稳 buckling伸长率 elongation圣维南原理 Saint-Venant’s principle实验应力分析 experimental stress analysis塑性变形 plastic deformation塑性材料 ductile materials塑性铰 plastic hingeT弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elasticity体积力 body force体积改变比能 density of energy of volume change体积应变 volume strainUW弯矩 bending moment弯矩方程 equation of bending moment弯矩图 bending moment diagram弯曲 bending弯曲刚度 flexural rigidity弯曲正应力 normal stress in bending弯曲切应力 shear stress in bending弯曲中心 shear center位移法 displacement method位移互等定理 reciprocal-displacement theorem稳定条件 stability condition稳定性 stability稳定安全系数 safety factor for stabilityX细长比，柔度 slenderness ratio线性弹性体 linear elastic body相当长度 equivalent length相当应力 equivalent stress小柔度杆 short columns形心轴 centroidal axis形心主惯性矩 principal centroidal moments of inertia 形心主轴 principal centroidal axis许用应力 allowable stress许用应力法 allowable stress method许用荷载 allowable load许用荷载法 allowable load methodY应变花 strain rosette应变片 strain gage应变能 strain energy应变比能 strain energy density应力 stress应力速率 stress ratio应力比 stress ratio应力幅 stress amplitude应力状态 state of stress应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数 stress concentration factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线 stress-cycle curve应力－应变图 stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆 Mohr’s circle for stresses约束扭转 constraint torsionZ正应变 normal strain正应力 normal stress中面 middle plane中柔度杆 intermediate columns中性层 neutral surface中性轴 neutral axis轴 shaft轴力 axial force轴力图 axial force diagram轴向变形 axial deformation轴向拉伸 axial tension轴向压缩 axial compression主平面 principal planes主应力 principal stress主应力迹线 principal stress trajectory主轴 principal axis主惯性矩 principal moment of inertia转角 angel of rotation转轴公式 transformation equation自由扭转 free torsion组合变形 combined deformation组合截面 composite area最大拉应力理论 maximum tensile stress theory 最大拉应变理论 maximum tensile strain theory 最大切应力理论 maximum shear stress theory最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress。

电影专业术语中英文对照AAbove-the-line 线上费用A-B roll A-B 卷AC 交流电Academy ratio 学院标准画框比Adaptation 改编ADR editor ADR 剪辑师Aligator clamp=gaffer grip 固定灯具的弹簧夹，又称鳄鱼夹Ambient Sounds 环境音Amp 安培Amplification 信号放大Amplitude 振幅Analog 模拟Anamorphic lens 变形镜头Aperture 光圈Answer Print 校正拷贝Arc 摄像机的弧度运动Art director 艺术指导Aspect ratio 画框比Atmosphere sound 气氛音Attack 起音Audio board 调音台Audio mixer 混音器，混音师Automatic dialogue replacement 自动对白补录Automatic focus 自动对焦Automatic gain control 自动增益控制Automatic iris 自动光圈（少用）Axis of action 表演轴线BBack light 轮廓光Background light=Scenery light 场景光Balance 平衡Balanced 平衡电缆Barndoor 遮扉（灯具上的黑色金属活动板，遮光用的）Barney 隔音套Base 片基（用来附着感光乳剂的胶片基底）Base plate 底座（固定灯的）Baselight level 基本亮度Batch capturing 批次采集Below-the-line 线下费用Bidirectional 双向麦克风Bit depth 位元深度（在数字声音中每次取样的数目，通常是 8， 12,16 ）Bit player 客串演员Blimp 隔声罩Blocking 走位（几乎等同为“ Staging 排练”） Blue-screen 蓝幕效果Body brace 身体支架Boom 吊杆（也有上，下移动神相机的意思）Boom arm 可伸缩杆Boom operator 吊杆操作员Bounce light 反射光Bracket 括号式曝光Breakdown 剧本分解Brightness 亮度Broad 方灯（泛光灯）Butterfly scrim 顶光棚CCall sheet 通告表Camcorder 摄录一体机Came o浮雕Camera assistant 摄影助理Camera operator 摄影机操作者Camera report 摄影机报表Canted shot 倾斜镜头Capacitor 电容器Carpuring 采集Casting 选角Casting director 选角指导Chroma key 色度键Chrominance 彩色信号Cinematographer 电影摄影师Clip capture 素材段落采集Close-up 特写镜头Color balance 色平衡Colorbars 彩条Color circle 圆形彩图Color corrector 色彩校正器Color compensating filter 色温转换滤镜Color correction 色彩校正Color sampling 色彩取样Color temperature 色温Colorization 调色Coproducer 联合制片Composer 作曲家Composting 合成画面Compression 压缩Compression ratio 压缩比Concept 故事梗概Condenser 电容话筒Conductor 指挥家Conform 套片Construction coordinator 搭景协调Continuity 连续性Continuity editing 连续性剪辑Contrast 对比度Contrast range 最大对比度Contrast ratio 对比度系数Copyright 版权Core 片心Costumer 服装师Costume designer 服装设计师Countdown 倒计时Craft service 膳食服务Crane 摇臂Cross-cutting 交叉剪辑（又称平行剪辑）Cross-fade 交互混音Crystal 晶控同步元件（摄像机里控制速度的一个晶体组件） Cue sheet 混录提示表Cut 卡接（一个画面切换到另一个画面，有一种转场的效果）Cutaway 切离镜头Cut-in 切入镜头Cutting-on-action 剪辑中的“接动作”DD1 一种数字录像带Dailies 工作样片Daily production report 每日拍摄报表 Day-for-night 日间拍夜景 Daylight 日光片Decay 衰减Decibel 分贝 Decompression 解压缩 Depth of field 景深 Dialogue 对白 Diegetic sound 故事中的声音 Diffusion filter 扩散滤镜 Digital 数字Digital autio workstation 数字声音工作站 Digital audiotape 数字录音带Digital film printer 数字胶片印片机Digitalize 数字化Dimmer board 调光控制器Diopter 屈光镜Direct capture 直接采集Direct sound 直接声音Directionality 方向性Diretor 's cut 导演剪辑版本Dissolve 叠化Distortion 失真Dolly 轮组Dot 圆形遮光罩Dropouts 断磁（又叫脱音）Dynamic mic 动圈话筒Dynamic range 动态变化范围EEcho 回音Edge numbers 边缘号码（胶片边缘的数字）Editor 's cut 剪辑师版本8mm 8毫米胶片Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱Electronic stabilizer 电子影像稳定器Emulsion 感光乳剂Equalization 均衡Establishing shot 定位镜头Executive producer 执行制片Exposure index 曝光指数Extendable lighting pole 伸缩灯杆Extras 群众演员Eye light 眼神光Eyeline match 视线匹配FFade in 淡入Fade out 淡出Fast film stock 感光快的胶片Fast lens 强光透镜Field 场Fill light 辅助光Filter 滤镜Filter box 滤镜斗Filter factor 滤镜系数Filter wheel 滤镜转轮Final cut 精剪，最后一个剪辑的版本（同名剪辑软件） Finger 狭长挡光板 Firewire 火线接头Fishpole 鱼竿（传声器吊杆） 5.1 sound 5.1 环绕声 Fixed lens 定焦镜头 Flag 旗形挡光板 Flashback 闪回 Flash cut 闪切 Flashforward 闪后 Flat 平线 Flatbed 平台式剪辑机Floodlight 散光 Floor stand 落地式麦克风支架 Fluid head 液压云台 Flying spot scanner 飞点扫描仪 Focal length 焦距 Focus 调焦 Fog filter 雾镜Foley 特殊音效 Foley artist 特殊音效师 Foley editor 特殊音效剪辑师 Foley mixer 特殊音效混音师 Foley walkers 特殊音效师 Font 字体 Footcandle 尺烛光 Forced development 增感冲洗 Formats 格式 Frame 格（画框） Freeze-frame 定格 Frequency 频率 Frequency response 频率响应 Fresnel spotlight 一种有透镜镜片的聚光灯Friction head 摩擦云台 Front focus 前焦点 F-stops 光圈系数 Fundamental 基音GGaffer 电工Gaffer grip 灯光夹Gaffer tape 电工胶布Gain 增益Gelatin filter 明胶滤光片Graduated neutral density filter 中灰渐变滤镜Graphic designer 美术设计Grip 场务HHandle 控制点Hairstylist 发型师Hard effects 动作音效Hard light 硬光，直射光Harmonics 谐音Head 云台，磁头Hertz 赫兹Hidden editing 隐性剪辑Hidden mics 隐藏式麦克风Hi-Fi 高保真音响High hat 仰摄座High-angle shot 俯拍镜头High-frequency fluorescent 高频荧光灯High-key lighting 高调光线Hiss 高频噪音HMI light 太阳灯Horizontal resolution 水平分辨率Hue 色相（颜色特定的色调）Hypercardioid 超指向性麦克风IImage enhancer 图像增强器Image stabilization 影响稳定Imaging device 成像装置Impedance 阻抗Incandescent light 白炽灯Incident light meter 入射式测光表Impoint 开始点Intercutting 交互剪接Interlaced scanning 隔行扫描Internegative 中间负片Interpositive 中间正片Inverse square rule 平方反比率Invisible editing 隐性剪辑Iris 光阑JJib-arm 悬吊手臂Jog 格放Jump cut 跳接KKelvin 开尔文数值 Key light 主光 Key grip 场务 Keyframe 关键影格 Keykode 片边号码 Kicker light 侧光LLatitude 宽容度 Lavaliere 领夹式麦克风 Leader 导带 Leadroom 导引空间 Lens 镜头Lens hood 遮光罩 Letterbox 上下黑框式 Light meter 测光表 Light ratio 光线比例Light stand 灯架 Light-balancing filter 校色温滤镜 Light crew 灯光组 Light-emitting diode 发光二极管 Lighting director 灯光指导 Lighting plot 照明规划图 Lighting ratio 光比 Lighting technician 灯光师 Line inputs 线材输入 Line producer 现场制片人Linear 线性Lin ear CCD array 线状CCD排列（确切意思待进一步查阅）Location manager 场地管理经理 Log 工作记录Long lens 长焦距镜头 Long shot 远景镜头 Look space 视线空间 Loop 循环播放Lossless 无损压缩 Low-angle shot 仰拍镜头 Low-Contrast filter 低反差滤镜 Low-key lighting 低调照明Luminance 亮度MMacro 近摄摄影Magnetic film 磁性声带Makeup artist 化妆师Master scene script 分镜头剧本Master scene shooting method 主场景拍摄法Master shot 主镜头Match cut 匹配剪辑Matte artist 套色绘图师Matte box 遮光斗Matting 套片合成 Meditum shot 中景镜头Mic inputs 麦克风输入接口Midside miking M-S 拾音制式Miniature designer 缩小物设计师 Mini-DV 迷你 DVMiniphone plug 小型耳机Mise-en- sc e ne场面调度Mixed lighting 混合照明 Mixer 混音师Model maker 模型师Modulate 调制Monaural 单声道Monitor 监视器Montage editing 蒙太奇剪辑Morphing 变形Motif 母题Motion capture 运动扑捉Multimedia 多媒体Multitrack audiotape recorder 多轨录音机Music editor 配乐剪辑师Musical Instrument Digital Interface 数字音乐乐器界面（MIDI）Music supervisor 音乐总监NNegative 负片Negative cutter 负片剪辑师Neutral density filter 中灰滤镜Night-for-night 夜间拍夜景Noise 噪波（干扰信号）Nonlinear editing 非线性剪辑（非线编）Normal lens 标准镜头 Noseroom 鼻前空间（视线空间）Off-line 脱机剪辑Offline editor 线外剪辑师Off-screen space 银幕外空间Ohms欧姆Omnidirectional 全方向型麦克风180- degree rule 180 °规则，又称轴线规则On-line 在线剪辑Online editor 线上剪辑师Opacity 暗度On-set editing 现场剪辑On-set editor 现场剪辑师Open casting 公开选角Optical printer 光学印片机Optical stabilization 光学影像稳定器Outpoint 结束点Outttakes 备用镜头Overlap action 重叠表演Overlap cutting 重叠剪接Overmodulation 过度调制Over-the-shoulder shot 过肩镜头 Overtones 泛音Over-under method 上下方式PPan 横移Pan and scan 横摇纵摇法Parabolic reflector 抛物面反射器Parallel editing 平行剪辑 Peaking in the red 指针在红色区域Pedestal 基准黑Perspective 距离感Phase 相位Phone plug 耳机Phono play 莲花接头Photoflood 摄影散光灯Pickup pattern 拾音范围Pitch 音高Pixel 像素Playhead 播放点Point-of-view shot 主观镜头 Polarizing filter 偏光滤镜 Positive 正片Postproduction 后期制作Practical light 实际光源Premix 预先混音 Preproduction 前期制作 Preroll 预卷Presence 表现力Prime lens = Fixed lens 定焦镜头Principal actors 主要演员Prism block 棱镜Producer 制片人Production placement 置入行销（就是在影片中植入广告）Production 拍摄阶段Production assistant Production coordinator 制片助理协调制片Production designer 制作设计师Production manager 制片主任Production schedule 制作日程表Production sound mixer 现场混音师Progressive scanning 逐行扫描 Property master 道具管理 Props 道具Proximity effect 听讲效果 Piblic domain 版权公有 Publicist 宣传人员Pulling focus 移焦 Pushed processing 增感冲洗 Pyro technician 烟火技师QQuartz-halogen lamp 石英灯RRack focus 移焦Radio frequency 射频（简称 RF） Random assess 随机存取 Random-assess memory 内存 RCA plug = Phone plug 莲花插头 Reaction shot 反映镜头 Read through 口念对白Reel 片卷Reflected light meter 反射式测光表 Reflector 反光板Reframing 调整取景范围Release 释放Release print 发行拷贝Render 渲染Resolution 分辨率Reverberation 混响Reversal 反转片Rigging grip 吊具场务Ripple 涟漪效果Room tone 空间音Rough cut 粗剪Rule of thirds 三分规则SSafe area 安全区域（银幕的概念里恒定成像的区域）Sampling rate 取样频率Saturation 饱和度Scanning 扫描Scene 场景Scene outline 分场大纲Scenic artist 布景工S-connector S 端子（一种电子影像接头）Scratch dish 第二空间（非线编系统中的一个可命令分类项目的空间）Scratch track 参考音轨Screen direction 银幕方向Screenplay 剧本Screen test 试镜Scrim 柔光布Script breakdown 剧本分解Script breakdown sheet 剧本分解表Script supervisor 场记Scrubber 处理器Second unit 第二摄制组Separation light 修饰光Sequence 段落Set decorator 场景装饰工Serifs 横细线Server 伺服器70mm 70毫米胶片Set decorations 布景装饰Set designer 布景设计师Shock mount 减震架Shooting schedule 拍摄日程表Shooting script 分镜头剧本Short lens 广角镜头Shot 镜头Shotgun mic 枪式麦克风，一般用来采集比较远的声音 Shot/reaction shot 反应镜头（偶尔也称脸部特写镜头）特效协调者 特效生成器 标准清晰度电视Shot/reverse shot 反打镜头Shutter 快门Shuttle 飞梭Signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比 Silhouette lighting 剪影光线 Single system 单系统 16mm 16 毫米胶片 Sky filter 天空滤镜 Slate 拍板Slow film stock 感光慢的胶片Slow lens 小相对孔径透镜 / 小光强透镜 SMPTE time code SMPTE 时间码Snoot 圆锥形光罩Soft light 柔光 / 散射光Soft-contrast filter软调反差滤镜Softlight reflectorSoftware engineer柔光反射器 美术设计软件工程师 Sound designer 声音设计师Sound editor 声音剪辑师Sound effects 音效Sound effects editor 音效剪辑师 Sound effects mixer 音效混音师 Soundflashback 声音闪回Sound flashforward 声音闪前Sound mix 混音Source lighting 有源光线Space clamp 高空夹Spatial compression 空间压缩 Special assistant 特别助理Special effects 特效 Special effects coordinator Special-effects generatorSpeech bump 语音衰减 Split screen 分割画面 Spot 聚光 Spot meter 点式测光表 Spotlight 聚光灯 Spotting sheet 注记表 Sprocket holes 片孔 Standard definitiontelevision Standby 待机Stand-ins 替身 Star filter 星型条纹滤镜 Steadicam 斯坦尼康30个画 Stereo 立体声Still frame 定格Still photographer 剧照师Storage area network 存储局域网络Storyboard 分镜故事板Storyboard artisit 分镜表绘图师Stream 串流Stripboard 提示板Stunt coordinator 特技指导Stunt people 特技演员Super 8 超 8 毫米胶片Super 16 超 16 毫米胶片Supercardiord 超指向性麦克风Supporting role 配角Surround sound 环绕声Sustain 持续Sweetening 调音Switcher 视频混合处理器Sync 同步信号Synchronous sound 同期声TTable stand 台式麦克风架Take 拍摄次数Technical rehearsal 技术彩排Telecine operator 影视格式转换员Telephoto lens 长焦镜头Template 模板30- degree rule 30 °原则35mm 35毫米胶片3-D computer artist 3-D 电脑立体绘图师Three-point lighting 三点式布光Three-to-one rule 三比一规则Three-two pulldown 三二抓片法 （将每秒 24 格的胶片要转换成每秒 框的电子影像的过程）Threshold of pain 120 分贝的声音（声音达到刺耳程度的临界点）Thumbnail 缩略图Tilt 纵摇 （摄像机垂直上下摇摄）Timbre 音色Time code 时间码Time code generator 时间码生成器Time code reader 时间码读取器Timeline 时间轴Timing 调光Timing sheet 时间表 Title designer 标题设计师 Tonality 色调 Tone 基准音Track 横轨变焦镜头Trailer 预告片 Transitions 镜头转换 Treatment 文学脚本 Trimming 修整Tripod 三角架 Trombone 吊灯栓 Truck 横移T-stop t 光圈 Tungsten 钨丝灯 24P 高分辨率的数字电子影像格式UUltracardiord 锐心型麦克风 / 超指向性麦克风 Ultraviolet filter 紫外线滤镜U-Matic 标准 3/4 英寸录像带 Umbrella reflector 反光伞Unbalanced 不平衡式的 Undo 恢复原状Unit production manager 剧组制片主任 Universal clamp 万能夹 Upright直立式剪辑机 Utility person 剧务VVariable focal length lens = zoom lens Vectorscope 矢量示波器Velocity 速率Vertical resolution 垂直分辨率 Videographer 电子影像摄影师 Video assist录像辅助系统 Video-on-demand 随选视频 Viewfinder 观景器Virtual set 虚拟场景Visual effects 视觉效果Visual effects editor 视觉特效师Voice-over 旁白Volt 伏特Volume unit meter 音量表WWalla walla 背景人声Watt 瓦特Waveform 波形Waveform monitor 波形监视器 White balance 白平衡White reference 白基准 Wide-angle lens 广角镜头 Widescreen 宽银幕 Wild sound 自然音Window dub 视窗剪辑 Windscreen 防风罩Wipe 划像Wireless mic 无线麦克风 Workprint 工作正片Writer 编剧XXLR connector 卡侬插头 X-Y miking X-Y 拾音制式ZZebra stripe 斑马条纹 Zoom 变焦Zoom lens 变焦镜头Zoom mic 指向性可调麦克风附录：一些基本电影词汇 documentary 记录片 , 文献片 filmdom 电影界 literary film 文艺片 musicals 音乐片 comedy 喜剧片 tragedy 悲剧片 dracula movie 恐怖片 sowordsmen film 武侠片 detective film 侦探片 ethical film 伦理片 affectional film 爱情片 erotic film 黄色片 western movies 西部片 film d'avant -garde 前卫片 serial 系列片 trailer 预告片cartoon (film) 卡通片, 动画片footage 影片长度 full-length film, feature film 长片 short(film) 短片colour film 彩色片 (美作 :color film) silent film 默片, 无声片 dubbed film 配音复制的影片 , 译制片 silent cinema, silent films 无声电影 sound motion picture, talkie 有声电影cinemascope, CinemaScope 西涅玛斯科普型立体声宽银幕电影 , 变形镜头式宽银幕电影cinerama, Cinerama 西涅拉玛型立体声宽银幕电影 , 全景电影 title 片名 original version 原著dialogue 对白 subtitles, subtitling 字幕 credits, credit titles 对原作者及其他有贡献者的谢启和姓名 telefilm 电视片演员 actors Starring cast 阵容film star, movie star 电影明星 star, lead 主角 double, stand-in 替身演员 stunt man 特技替身演员 extra, walker-on 临时演员 character actor 性格演员 regular player 基本演员extra 特别客串 film star 电影明星 film actor 男电影明星 film actress 女电影摄影明星 support 配角 util 跑龙套工作人员 technicians adapter 改编 scenarist, scriptwriter 脚本作者 dialogue writer 对白作者 production manager 制片人 producer 制片主任 film director 导演 assistant director 副导演 , 助理导演 cameraman, set photographer director of photography 师 assistant cameraman 摄影助理 property manager, propsman 道具员 art director 布景师（美作 :set decorator） stagehand 化装师 lighting engineer 灯光师film cutter film editor 剪辑师 sound engineer, recording director 录音师 script girl,continuity girl 场记员scenario writer, scenarist 剧作家放映 projection reel, spool （影片的）卷, 本 sound track 音带, 声带 showing, screening, projection 放映 projector 放映机 projection booth, projection room 放映室 panoramic screen 宽银幕 film industry 电影工业cinematograph 电影摄影机 , 电影放映机 cinema, pictures 电影院（美作 :movie theater）first-run cinema 首轮影院 second-run cinema 二轮影院 art theatre 艺术影院continuous performance cinema 循环场电影院 film society 电影协会 , 电影俱乐部（美作 :film club） film library 电影资料馆 premiere 首映式 film festival 电影节 distributor 发行人Board of Censors 审查署 shooting schedule 摄制计划 censor 's certificate 审查级别release 准予上映 banned film 禁映影片A-certificate A 级（儿童不宜）U-certificate U 级X-certificate X 级（成人级）direction 导演 production 制片 adaptation 改编 scenario, screenplay, script编剧scene 场景 exterior 外景 lighting 灯光 shooting 摄制 to shoot 拍摄dissolve 渐隐,化入, 化出 fade-out 淡出 fade-in 淡入special effects 特技 slow motion 慢镜头 editing, cutting 剪接 montage 剪辑 recording, sound recording 录音 sound effects 音响效果 mix, mixing 混录 dubbing 配音postsynchronization 后期录音合成 studio 制片厂 ,摄影棚（motion）film studio 电影制片厂 set, stage, floor 场地 properties, props 道具 dolly 移动式摄影小车 spotlight 聚光灯 clapper boards 拍板 microphone 麦克风 , 话筒 boom 长杆话筒 scenery 布景电影摄制 filming shooting camera 摄影机 shooting angle 拍摄角度high angle shot 俯拍long shot 远景full shot 全景close-up, close shot 特写, 近景medium shot 中景background 背景three-quarter shot 双人近景pan 摇镜头frame, picture 镜头still 静止double exposure 两次曝光superimposition 叠印 exposure meter 曝光表 printing 洗印影片类型 films types film, motion picture 影片,电影（美作:movie）newsreel 新闻片 , 纪录片• 电影名词解释 | 电影名词解释（中英文对照）ABERRATION 像差摄影影头因制作不精密，或人为的损害，不能将一点所发出的所有光线聚焦于底片感光膜上的同一位置，使影像变形，或失焦模糊不清。

发一份泵类汉英对照表,请进入!汉语术语英文凹槽 groove饱和压力 Saturation Pressure保持环 retaining ring保护层的形成 Protective Layer Formation保护形式 Types of Protection保证 Guarantee背靠背叶轮泵 Back-to-back Impeller Pump背叶片 Back Vane泵 pump泵测试效率 pump test efficiency泵出力 pump delivery泵的基础 Pump Foundation泵的类型 Pump Types泵的排出口 Pump Discharge Nozzle泵的使用范围 Application Fields for Pumps泵的输出功率 Pump Output泵的旋转方向 Direction of Pump Rotation泵房 pump house(room)泵功率 Pump Power泵和输送装置噪音 Noises in Pumps and Pumping Installations 泵壳 Pump Casings泵内沉积物 Deposits in Pumps泵试验台 Pump Test Bed泵输出功率的降低 Reduction in Pump Output泵输入功率 pump input power泵体 pump casing泵吸入槽 Pump Sump泵吸入管吸上高度 pump lift泵吸入口 Pump Suction Nozzle泵效率 pump efficiency泵效率 Pump Efficiency泵芯包 pump cartridge泵性能曲线 pump performance curve泵站 pumping house泵轴 Pump Shaft比例泵 proportioning pump比输送功 Specific Delivery Work比转数 Specific Speed边界层 Boundary Layer变矩桨叶 Variable Pitch Blade标准泵 Standard Pump标准化工泵 Standard Chemical Pump标准孔板 Standard Orifice Plate标准喷嘴 Standard Nozzle标准温度 Standard Temperature标准文丘里管 Standard Venturi Nozzle标准压力 Standard Pressure标准状态 Standard Conditions表面保护 Surface Protection表压 Manometric Pressure并联运转 Parallel Operation伯努利方程 BERNOULLI Equation补偿器 Compensator补给水泵 make-up water pump部分负荷运转 Part-load Operation残油输出装置 Residual Pump-out Device槽 slot测量的不精确性 Uncertainty in Measurement 测量技术 Measuring Technique测量孔板 Measuring Orifice Plate测量偏差 Measuring Tolerance测量误差 Error of Measurement测量仪器 Measuring Device测试转速 test speed层流 Laminar Flow齿轮泵 gear pump齿轮传动泵 Geared Pump齿轮箱 Gearbox冲击冷凝 Shock Condensation冲击压力 Impact Pressure冲角 Angle of Incidence抽出体积 Extraction Volume抽气（吸）泵；真空泵 suction pump出口侧盖板（大端盖） discharge cover出口截面 Outlet Cross-section出口截面宽度 Outlet Width出口弯管 Outlet Elbow出口压力 discharge pressure初始汽蚀 Incipient Cavitation传输损失 tansmission loss传送器 Transmitter船头推进舵 Bow Thruster Rudder船坞泵 Dock Pump船用泵 Marine Pump大气压 Barometric Pressure大气压力 Atmospheric Pressure带式过滤器 Band Sereen单吸离心泵 single-suctoin centrifugal单相交流电 Single-phase Alternating Current单叶片叶轮 Single Vane Impeller导向叶片 Guide Vane导向装置 Guide Arrangement低温泵 Crygenic Pump低压泵 Low Pressure Pump底料泵 Sump Pump点蚀 Pitting电感应式流量测量 Inductive Flow Measurement电功率 Electric Power电化学腐蚀 Electrochemical Corrosion电机 Electric Motor电机电耗 Current Consumption of Electric Motors 电机温升 Temperature Rise in Electric Motors电机转矩曲线 Torque Curve of Electric Motors电解腐蚀 Electrolytic Corrosion电缆密封压盖 Cable Gland电力驱动 Electric Drive电流 current电路 Electrical Circuits电气开关设备 Electrical Switchgear电位序 Electrochemical Series电压 voltage电压降 Voltage Drop顶点 Apex定位螺栓 fitted bolt动力液流 Motive Water Flow动力粘度 Dynamic Viscosity动量矩定理 Theorem of Momentum动平衡 Dynamic Balancing动下室排水泵 Cellar Drainage Pump动压力 Dynamic Pressure对开的润滑油密封 split oil seal对轮 the coupling对轮防护罩 the coupling guard对轮螺栓 coupling nut多级泵 Multistage Pump多流式泵 Multiflow Pump恩氏粘度 Degrees Engler阀门和管件 Valves and Fittings法兰结构 Flange Construction反向流动 Reversal of Flow反应堆泵 Reactor Pump反转转速 Reverse Rotational Speed防爆 Explosion Protection防反转装置 Reverse Rotation Locking Device 防腐 Corrosion Protection防护装置 guard放射 Emission非堵塞式叶轮 Non-clogging Impeller非扰动管道长度 Undisturbed Length of Piping 非稳定流 Non-steady Flow非稳定扬程曲线 Unstable Throttling Curve费鲁德准数 FROUDE Number费用 Costs复算 Re-evaluation干式安装 Dry Installation干运转 Dry Running高度 Height高速离心泵 High Speed Centrifugal Pump高压泵 High Pressure Pump隔膜泵 diaphragm pump隔膜式计量泵 diaphragm type metering pump 给水泵 feed water pump给水泵 Feed Pump工业水泵 industrial water pump工作特征 Operating Characteristics公称尺寸 Nominal Size公称压力 Nominal Pressure功 work功率 power功率 power功率测量 power measurement功率调节 power control功率损失 power loss功率因数 power factor cosφ供水泵 Water Supply Pump固体颗粒的输送 Conveying of Solids过流翼型 Flow Profile过滤器 Filter海水 Sea Water海水泵 Sea Water Pump海水淡化装置 Sea Water Desalination Plant 海水箱 Sea Chest耗水量 Water Consumption合适的流量 corrected flowrate恒定油位油杯 Constant Level Oiler虹吸流动 Syphon Flow虹吸装置 Syphoning Installation化工泵 Chemical Pump化工稳定性表 Chemical Stability Table环境保护 Environmental Protection环形泵 Ring-section Pump环形壳 Annular casing回流导向叶片 Return Guide Vane回路试验 Loop Test混流叶轮 Mixed-flow Impeller活塞传送器 Piston Transmitter货船油泵 Cargo Oil Pump机械传动 Mechnical Drive机械密封 Mechanical Seal机械效率 Mechanical Efficiency基板 Baseplate基本方程 Fundation基础 Foundation基建投资 Capital Investment级 Stage级间导叶 interstage diffuser极数 Number of Poles继电器 Relay家用供水装置 Domestic Water Supply Plant间隙宽度 Clearance Gap Width间隙密封 Clearance Gap Seal间隙汽蚀 Clearance Gap Cavitation间隙压力 Clearance Gap Pressure监测装置 Monitoring Device键 key键槽 keyway交流电 Alternating Current角速度 Angular Velocity接触器 Contactor接通压力 Switching-on Pressure节流调节 throttling control节流系数 throttling coefficient进液室 Intake Chamber进液条件 Intake Conditions进液弯管 Intake Elbow浸蚀 Erosion经济可行性计算 Economic Viability Calcuation 净正吸入压头 NPSH（Net Positive Suction Head)径向力 Radial Force径向剖分壳体 Radially Split Casing径向推力 Radial Thrust径向叶轮 Radial Impeller径向轴承 journal bearing绝对速度 Absolute Velocity卡诺冲击损失 Carnot Shock Loss卡普兰弯管 Kaplan Elbow铠装泵 Armoured Pump抗腐蚀性 Corrosion Resistance壳体 Casing可抽出性 withdrawability可调叶片 adjustable vane空气泵 Air Pump空气提升泵 Air-Lift Pump空心旋涡 Hollow Vortex孔板 Oriffice Plate孔径比 Apertuer Ratio扩压管（圆锥管） Diffuser(Conical Duct)扩压器（导轮） Diffuser(Guide Wheel)冷凝液泵 Condensate Pump冷却剂泵 Coolant Pump冷却水泵 Cooling Water Pump离心泵 centrifugal pump离心泵 Centrifugal Pump离心泵的安装 Installation of Centrifugal Pump离心泵的操作条件 Operating Conditions of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的操作性能 Operating Behaviour of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的冲击损失 Shock Loss in Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的间隙损失 Clearance Gap Loss in Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的平稳运行 Smoop and Quiet Running of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的验收试验规范 Acceptance Test Codes for Centrifugal Pumps 离心泵的制造材料 Construction Material for Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的注水 Priming of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵调节 Control of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵和驱动设备保养 Care of Centrifugal Pumps and Drives离心泵失衡 Out-of-Balance of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵装置 Centrifugal Pump Plant离心式鼓风机 centrifugal blower离心式滤油机 centrifugal oil filter离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor离心水泵 centrifugal water pump立式泵 vertical pump立式屏蔽泵（筒形泵） Vertical Can-type Pump立轴式井泵 Vertical Spindle Well Pump利息支付 Interest Payment连续性方程 Continuity Equation两相流动 Two-phase Flow临界转速 Critical Speed of Rotation流程泵 Process Pump流程型结构 Process Type Construction流道涡流 Channel Vortex流动分离 Flow Separation流动功 Flow Output流量 flowrate流量 Flow流量（体积流量） Capacity流量测定 Flow Measurement流量测量 Capacity Measurement流量调节器 Flow Controller流量系数 Flow Coefficient流量指示器、流量观察窗 flow indicators流速 Flow Velocity流体 Fluid流体动力学 Fluid Dynamics流体机械 Fluid Flow Machine流线 Flow Line轮毂比 Hub Ratio螺杆泵 screw pump(spiral pump)螺纹紧固件 threaded fastener马达输出功率 motor output power马达输入功率 motor input power马达效率 motor efficiency迷宫密封 labyrinth gland迷宫密封箱体 labyrinth gland housing迷宫式密封 Labyrinth Seal密封衬套 shaft sleeve内效率 Internal Efficiency那维尔－斯托克斯方程 NAVIER-STOKES Equation耐酸泵 Acid Pump焾 Enthalpy能 Energy能量级 Energy Level逆时针旋转叶轮 Counterclockwise Rotating Impeller 凝泵 condensate extraction pump凝结水泵 condensate transfer pump凝汽器抽气泵 condenser air pump牛顿流体 NEWTONian Fluid扭力杆 Torsion Rod扭力计 Torsion Dynamometer欧拉方程 EULER Equation排出段 Discharge Casing排出管线 Discharge Line排出管嘴 Discharge Nozzle排出损失 Discharge Loss排灌站水泵 Drainage Station Punp排气 Venting排气阀 Vent Valve排水泵 Dewatering Pump排水量 Water Yield排污泵 blowdown pump(sewage pump) 排污泵 Faeces Pump旁路 By-Pass皮带传动 Belt Drive皮托管 Pitot Tube频率 frequency平垫片 flat gasket平衡鼓 balance drum平衡鼓螺母 balance drum nut平衡孔 balance'hole平衡液体流量 balance water flow平衡装置 balancing device平衡状态 equilibrium condition平皮带传动 flat belt drive屏蔽泵 Canned Motor Pump起动 Start Up起动过程 Starting Process起动时间 Starting Time起动转矩 Starting Torgue气囊的形成 Formation of Air Pockets 气体分离 Gas Separation汽蚀 Cavitation汽蚀磨损 Cavitation Wear汽蚀噪音 Cavitation Noise强制循环泵 forced-circulation pump 切断压力 Switching-off Pressure切换频率 Switching Frequency氢指数 Hydrogen Exponent清水泵 Clean Water Pump驱动 Drive热 Heat热泵 Heat Pump热含量 Heat Content热虹吸 Thermosyphon热量 Quantity of Heat热载体泵 Heat Transfer Media Pump热障 Thermal Barrier容积泵 Positive Displacement Pump入口导叶 suction guide入口管嘴 Entry Nozzle入口截面 Inlet Cross-section入口压力 suction pressure入口锥管 Entry Cone润滑油泵 Lubricating Oil Pump三相电机 Three-phase Motor三相电流 Three-Phase Current三相制 Three-phase System设计工作点 Design Duty Point声学 Acoustics时间 Time视在功率 Apparent Power试验台 Test Bed手动泵 Hand Pump首级内泵壳 first stage ring section输送黏性液体黏性泵 centrifugal pump handling viscous liquids 甩油环，抛油环 oil thrower双缸泵组 Twin Pumping Set双流道泵 two-channel impeller pump双流道叶轮 two-passage impeller双蜗壳 Double Volute水厂泵 waterworks pumps水锤 water hammer水的硬度 hardness of water水力效率 hydraulic efficiency水流量计 water meter水泥壳泵 concrete casing pump水喷射 water jet水喷射泵 water jet pump水温 water temperature水下泵 underwater pump水下电机 underwater motor水下电机泵 underwater motor pump水银泵 mercury pump水硬度 water hardness速度 Velocity速度测定 Measuring of Speeds速度测量 Velocity Measurement速度三角形 Velocity Triangle损失系数 Loss Coefficient锁紧垫圈、防松垫圈 lock-washer探头 Probe特性 Characteristic特性曲线 Characteristic Curve特性因数 Characteristic Factor体积流量 Volume Flow停转时间 Run-down Time通量线 Flux Line同步转速 Synchronous Speed铜导体 Copper Conductor投资评价 Capital Servicing透平驱动泵 Turbine Driven Pump涂层 Coat of Paint推力盘 thrust collar推力瓦 thrust pad推力轴承撑板 thrust carrier ring 推力轴承室 thrust bearing housing 托轮 Jockey Pulley弯管 Elbow弯管壳体泵 Elbow Casing Pump卧式泵 Horizontal Pump污泥泵 Sludge Pump污水泵 Sewage Pump无冲击流入 Shock-free Entry无泄漏 Leak-tightness吸入口 Suction Nozzle吸入室 Suction Chamber吸入性能 Suction Behaviour吸入压头 Suction Head吸入叶轮 Sution Impeller纤维素 Cellulose纤维性物料 Fibrous Material相对速度 Relative Velocity相合定律 Congruence Law相似条件 Similarity Conditions相位移 Phase Displacement消防泵 Fire-fighting Pump消声测量 Noise Abatement Measures 销钉、定位销 dowel pin小舌片 tab效率复算 Efficiency Re-evaluation斜度 Steepness斜流叶轮 Diagonal Impelier斜盘式泵 Swash Plate Pump泄漏出的密封水隔离门（相当于密封水卸荷阀） leak-off isolating valve 泄漏损失 Leakage Loss星形轮 Star Wheel星形－三角形起动器电路 Star-delta Starter Circuit性能图 Performance Chart许可公差 Warranty Tolerance许可区域 Warranty Zone旋流 Swirl Flow旋塞阀 Cock旋涡泵 Peripheral Pump旋涡式叶轮 Peripheral Impeller旋转方向 Direction of Rotation旋转速度 Rotational Speed压差 Differential Pressure压降 Pressure Drop压力 Pressure压力波 Pressure Wave压力波动 Pressure Surge压力测量 Pressure Fluctuation压力测量 Pressure Measurement压力等级 Pressure Categories压力给水装置 Hydrophor Plant压力计 Manometer压力脉动 Pressure Fluctuation压力容器 Pressure Vessel压力损失 Pressure Loss压力损失 Head Loss压力系数 Pressure Coefficient压头 Pressure Head验收试验 Acceptance Test扬程 head扬程曲线 Throttling Curve叶轮 impeller叶轮 ipeller叶轮 impeller叶轮侧面摩擦 Impeller Side Friction叶轮的修整 Trimming of Impellers叶轮叶片 Impeller Vane叶轮叶片节距调节 Impeller Blade Pitch Adjustment叶片叶片 vane叶片角 Blade Angle叶片节距调节机构 Blade Pitch Adjustment Gear叶片节距调节装置 Blade Pitch Adjustment Device叶梢背部切削 Cutting Back of Impeller Vane Tips叶栅 vane cascade叶栅流动 Cascade Flow液化气泵 Liquefied Gas Pump液环泵 Liquid Ring Pump异步电机 Asynchronous Motor阴极保护 Cathodic Protection音量级 Sound Volume Level音速 Sound Velociyt引水级 Priming Stage应变测定技术 Strain Measurement Technology应力腐蚀（裂纹） Stress Corrosion (Cracking)永久磁铁联轴器 Permanent Magnet Coupling用入口导向叶片控制涡流 Rotation Swirl Control by Inlet Guide Vanes 油泵 Oil Pump油挡 oil guard有势流动 Potential Flow有效功率 Acitive Power有效汽蚀余量 n.p.s.h.r有用功率输出 Useful Output右旋叶轮 right-handed impeller诱导轮 Inducer圆弧形叶片 Circular Arc Vane圆周速度 Peripheral Speed(Circumferential Velocity)运动粘度 Kinematic Viscosity运行时数 Number or Running Hours再生泵 Regenerative Pump脏水泵 Dirty Water Pump折旧 Amortization振动 Vibration正吸入压头 positive suction head直径系数 Diameter Coefficient直联泵组 Close-coupled Pumping Set直流电 Direct Current直流电机 Direct Current Motor直流平板式起动器 Direct Current Face Plate Starter止动销 stop pin纸浆泵 Pulp Pump纸浆浓度 Pulp Density纸浆输送 Conveying of Pulp制造公差 Manufacturing Tolerance质量 Mass质量惯性矩 Mass Moment of Inertia质量流量 Mass Flow中点线 Mid-point Conductor中性线 Neutral Conductor中压泵 Medium Pressure Pump重力加速度 Gravitational Constant重量 Weight轴轴承 Bearing轴承支架 bearing housing轴承支架盖 bearing housing cover轴封 Shaft Seal轴封环 Shaft Sealing Ring轴功率 Shaft Power轴颈 shaft journal轴流泵 axial pump轴流泵 Axial Pump轴流叶轮 Axial Impeller轴套、衬套 gland bush轴推力 Shaft Thrust轴向力 Axial Force轴向剖分壳体 Longitudinally Split Casing 轴向推力 Axial Thrust主循环泵 Primary Circulating Pump柱塞泵 Plunger Pump转动惯量 Moment of Gyration转矩 Torque转矩的测定 Torque Measurement转速传感器 Rotational Speed Transmitter自动调节 Self-regulation自动断路器 Self-acting Circuit Breaker自动开关 Automatic Switches自耦变压器式起动器 Autotransformer Starter 自吸泵 Self-priming Pump自由流动泵 Free-flow Pump总测量偏差 Overall Measuring Tolerance总静压头 Total Static Head总偏差 Overall Tolerance总效率 Overall Efficiency总压力 Tital Pressure总扬程 Total Headmeasured flowratevelocity headgauge/lever correctiongenerated headseal sleeve nuts短心轴 stub axle轴 axes轴 axis轴 axle（U.S.A）轴承衬套 bearing bushing（U.S.A）轴肩挡圈；防护罩 protecting collar巴氏合金；白合金；轴承合金 white metal半贯流式轴流泵；弯管轴流泵 angle-type axial flow pump半可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with blades adjustable when stationary 泵轴 Pump Shaft泵轴承支架 pump bearing bracket长轴深井泵 borehole shaft driven(centrifugal) pump长轴深井泵（美） multistage vertical turbine pump衬套；轴套 bushing齿形联轴器 gear-type coupling出口轴面速度系数；流量系数 capacity constant磁力联轴节齿轮泵 magnetically coupled gear pump从动螺杆；从动心轴 idler spindle从动轴 driven shaft从动轴 idler shaft弹性盘联轴器 flexible disc coupling弹性圆柱销联轴器 flexible pin coupling电磁联轴器 electromagneic coupling电磁联轴器 magneto coupling电磁联轴器 magneto-coupling调节轴 adjusting spindle副传动轴 countershaft spindle副轴；中间轴；从轴 auxiliary shaft刚性联轴器 solid coupling刚性联轴器；刚性联接 rigid coupling功率曲线；轴功率曲线；制动功率曲线 brake horsepower curve贯流泵；直管轴流泵 rubular type axial flow pump滚动轴承 anti-friction bearing滚动轴承 ball/rolling bearing滚动轴承 rolling contact bearing滚针轴承 needle bearing恒定轴向间隙齿轮泵 fixed axial clearance gear pump滑动轴承 plain friction bearing滑动轴承 sleeve bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing活塞销；轴头销 gudgeon pin架；轴承衬套（美）；泵支架（美) frame径向滚柱轴承 radial roller bearing径向球轴承 radial ball bearing径向轴封 radial shaft seal可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with adjustable(or variable)pitch blades 可调式轴流泵 propeller pump with adjustable or variable pitch blades 可逆叶片轴流泵 axial flow pump with reversible blades可逆叶片轴流泵 propeller pump with reversible blades空心轴 hollow shaft shaft冷冻装置用无轴封泵 glandless pump for refrigerating installation立轴式井泵 Vertical Spindle Well Pump联轴器 coupling笼形轴承托架 bearing bracket lantern笼形轴承托架 bearing housing lantern螺纹联轴器 screwed coupling米切尔型推力轴承 Michell type thrust bearing内轴承泵 pump with internal bearing(s)挠性法兰联轴器 flexible flange coupling挠性联轴器 elastic coupling挠性联轴器 flexible coupling挠性轴 flexible shaft配流盘式轴向活塞泵 flat valve axial piston pump配流盘式轴向活塞泵 port plate axial piston pump配流盘式轴向活塞泵 valve plate axial piston pump喷水推进轴流泵 axial flow pump for water jet propulsion喷水推进轴流泵 water jet propulsion axial flow pump偏心轴 eccentric shaft强制润滑轴承；压力润滑轴承 forced oil lubricated bearing球面推力轴承 spherically mounted thrust bearing曲轴 crankshaft曲轴防护罩 crankguard曲轴防护罩 crankshaft guard曲轴箱支座 crankcase pedestal曲轴销 crank pin驱动轴；传动轴 drive shaft全可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with blades adjustable in operation全可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with variable piteh blades水润滑轴承 water lubricating bearing套筒联轴器 sleeve coupling推力滚柱轴承 thrust roller bearing推力球轴承 ball thrust bearing推力轴承 thrust bearing推力轴承；扇形块 thrust bearing segment推力轴承扇形块 thrust bearing pad外轴承泵 pump with external bearing(s)万向轴 cardan shaft无轴封泵 glandless pump无轴封计量泵 glandless metering pump橡胶轴承 rubber bearing斜垫轴向推力轴承 tilting pad axial thurst bearing斜缸型轴向柱塞泵 tilting cylinder block type axial plunger pump 斜盘式轴向活塞泵 cam plate type axial piston pump斜盘式轴向活塞泵 swash plate axial piston pump斜盘式轴向活塞泵 wobble plate axial piston pump斜置轴流泵 inclined axial flow pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵 angle-type axial piston pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵 bent axis axial piston pump旋涡轴线 eddy axis旋涡轴线 vortex axis压入式轴承盖 pressed-in type bearing cover叶轮轴面形状；工作轮图 profile of the impeller液体动力轴承 hydrodynamic bearing永久磁铁联轴器 Permanent Magnet Coupling油环轴承 ring lubricating bearing油环轴承 ring oiling bearing油脂润滑轴承 grease lubricated bearing支轴销；支点销 fulcrum pin支座；轴架 pedestal中间心轴 idler axle中间心轴 intermediate axle中间轴；副轴；从轴 counter shaft中间轴；副轴；从轴 intermediate shaft轴 shaft轴；心轴；锭子 spindle轴承 bearing轴承 Bearing轴承衬（套） bearing bush轴承衬套 bearing cartridge轴承衬套 bearing insert轴承端盖 bearing end cover轴承盖 bearing cover轴承合金 bearing alloy轴承架 bearing bracket轴承架 bearing pedestal轴承架 bearing spider轴承架；泵托架 headstock轴承架固定式泵 pump with bearing bracket轴承浸泡试验；轴承泡胀试验 bearing swelling test 轴承冷却室 bearing cooling chamber轴承螺母 bearing nut轴承套 bearing sleeve轴承体；轴承箱 bearing box轴承托架箱 bearing bracket housing轴承瓦；轴承衬垫；轴承衬套 bearing line轴承吸水试验 bearing absorption test轴承箱；轴承体 bearing housing轴承座 bearing carrier轴对称 axial symmetry轴对称；旋转对称 rotational symmetry轴对称流 axisymmetrical flow轴封 shaft seal轴封 Shaft Seal轴封环 Shaft Sealing Ring轴功率 Shaft Power轴功率；制动功率；制动马力 brake horsepower轴护套 Shaft Protecting Sleeve轴护套 shaft tunnel tube轴护套（美） shaft enclosing tube轴肩挡圈 loose(shaft) collar轴肩挡圈 shaft collar轴肩挡圈 shoulder ring轴颈 neck journal轴颈 shaft neck轴颈 axle journal轴颈；期刊 journal轴颈套；填料衬套 neck bush轴流泵 Axial Pump轴流泵；螺桨泵 axial flow pump轴流泵叶轮室 propeller bowl轴流式涡轮机 axial-flow turbine轴流式叶轮 axial flow impeller轴流叶轮 Axial Impeller轴流增压器 axial flow booster轴马力；轴功率 shaft horsepower轴面流线 meridian streamline轴面速度 meridional velocity轴面投影图 elevation view轴配流径向活塞泵 pintle valve radial peston pump 轴配流径向活塞泵 valve spindle radial piston pump 轴套 shaft wearing sleeve轴套 Axis Guide轴套 shaft sleeve轴套；套（筒） sleeve轴套拆卸器 sleeve puller轴推力 Shaft Thrust轴瓦；轴承箱；轴承体 bearing sheet轴位指示器 shaft position indicator轴吸泵 axial inlet pump轴向单吸液环泵 axial single entry liquid ring pump轴向导叶 axial diffuser轴向滑移 aixal slip轴向活塞泵 axial piston pump轴向加速度 axial acceleration轴向间隙 axial clearance轴向间隙压力补偿齿轮泵 gear pump with pressure-dependent axial clearance 轴向间隙压力补偿齿轮泵 gear pump with pressurized side plate轴向力 axial force轴向力 Axial Force轴向流动 axial flow轴向磨损指示器 axial wear indicator轴向剖分壳体 Longitudinally Split Casing轴向双吸液环泵 axial double entry liquid ring pump轴向速度 axial velocity轴向推力 axial thrust轴向推力 Axial Thrust轴向吸入泵 axial suction pump轴向压力 axial pressure轴向柱塞泵 axial plunger pump主动螺杆；驱动心轴 driving spindle主动轴 driving shaft柱销联轴器 pin coupling爪形联轴器 claw coupling爪形联轴器 dog coupling爪形联轴器 jaw coupling锥形联轴器 cone(type) coupling锥形联轴器 taper coupling子午面；轴面 meridian plane自锁轴套 self-locking sleeve半贯流式轴流泵；弯管轴流泵 angle-type axial flow pump半可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with blades adjustable when stationary泵 pump泵房 pump house泵盖 casing cover泵缸 pump barrel泵缸 pump cylinder泵缸套 pump barrel line泵缸套 pump cylinder line泵缸体 pump cylinder block泵工况 pump operating condition泵工况 pump operating duty泵体 pump body泵体衬套 pump body insert泵体衬套 pump casing insert泵托架 pump bracket泵站设计 design of pump station泵罩 outer pump mantle泵支架 pump bearing lantern泵轴承支架 pump bearing bracket泵装置 pumping device泵装置 pumping machine泵组 integral pump group泵座 pump frame闭式叶轮泵 pump with enclosed impellers波纹管泵 bellows pump仓底泵 bilge pump侧流道泵壳；旋涡泵泵体 casing with transfer passages 侧流道泵壳；旋涡泵泵体 annular casing长轴深井泵 borehole shaft driven(centrifugal) pump 衬青铜泵 bronze fitted pump齿轮比例泵 abjustable discharge gear pump冲击波泵（振荡器） shock wave oscillator导流壳式多级泵 pump with bowl-type vaned casing低温泵 cryopump底料泵；塔底液泵 bottoms pump底吸泵 bottom inlet pump底吸泵 bottom suction pump电磁驱动泵 pump with cyclic electromagnetic drive风动活塞泵 air-powered piston pump辅泵；辅助泵 auxiliary pump辅扫仓泵；副清仓泵 auxiliary stripping pump附属泵 attached pump工程用泵 building site pump固定缸体泵 pump with nonrotating cylinder固体输送泵 pump for water-borne solids管网泵 pump for pipe system灌泵 priming of pump锅炉给水泵 BFW锅炉给水泵 boiler feed pump锅炉回水循环泵 boiler return circulating pump锅炉酸洗泵 pump for acid washing of boiler航空用泵 aviation pump合金泵 alloy pump合金钢泵 alloy steel pump环壳泵 annular casing pump灰渣泵 ash pump回水泵 back water pump活性污泥泵 activated sludge pump活性污泥泵 biological sludge pump机械密封泵 pump with mechanical seal基本负荷泵 base load pump加硼泵 boron addition pump甲板泵 board pump架；轴承衬套（美）；泵支架（美) frame减摇泵 anti-roll pump铰链滑片泵 articulated vane pump接力泵 boost pump铠装泵 armoured pump可调隔膜泵 adjustable diaphragm pump可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with adjustable(or variable)pitch blades 可逆叶片轴流泵 axial flow pump with reversible blades沥青泵 bitumen pump螺旋泵 Archimedean screw pump密闭式螺杆泵 airtight screw pump内轴承泵 pump with internal bearing(s)耐磨泵 abrasion resisting pump耐酸泵 acid pump逆洗泵 back wash pump农用喷药泵 agricultural spray pump for chemicals盘状活塞泵 bucket piston pump喷灌泵 agricultural spray pump喷射泵；喷射器 ejector喷水推进轴流泵 axial flow pump for water jet propulsion喷雾器－泵组 atomizer-pump皮带传动泵 belt driven pump啤酒泵 beer pump平衡转子式滑片泵 balanced rotor vane pump气抽液喷射泵 gas jet liquid ejector气动泥浆泵 air-pressure actuated slurry pump气泡泵；曼木特泵；气举泵 air lift pump气体喷射泵 gas ejector汽车用泵 automobile pump汽抽气喷射泵 steam jet air ejector汽抽水喷射泵 steam jet water ejector前置泵；增压泵 booster pump潜水深井泵 borehole submerged pump球形活塞泵 ball piston pump全可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with blades adjustable in operation 全可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with variable piteh blades全青铜泵 all bronze pump熔盐泵 pump for liquid salts pump上壳（井泵）；吐出段 delivery casing上壳（井泵）；吐出段 discharge casing深井泵 borehole pump食品泵 pump for edible fluids双壳泵 barrel insert pump双吸泵 balanced suction pump水抽气喷射泵 water jet air ejector水锤泵；振动机 pulsator水喷射泵 water ejector饲槽自动泵；家畜自动饮水泵 animal self-operated drinking water pump 饲槽自动泵；家畜自动饮水泵 automatic trough pump碎纸浆泵 broke pump甜菜泵 beet pump甜菜根泵 beet tails pump筒袋式泵 barrel pump筒袋式油泵 barrel oil pump外轴承泵 pump with external bearing(s)往复式深井泵 borehole reciprocating pump微型泵 micro-pump无叶片泵 bladeless pump吸附真空泵 absorption vacuum pump吸收泵 absorption pump相对叶轮泵；背靠背叶轮泵 pump with opposed impellers箱桶抽空泵 barrel emptying pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵 angle-type axial piston pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵 bent axis axial piston pump悬臂叶轮泵 pump with overhung impeller压缩空气驱动泵 air operated pump压载泵 ballast pump盐水泵 brine pump叶轮串并联泵 pump with series or parallel connection impellers液化天然气用低温泵 cryopump for liquefied natural gas液态金属泵 pump for liquid metals液体喷射泵 liquid ejector增压泵 boosting pump增压泵；压送泵；气筒 inflator增压给水泵 booster-feed pump增压扩散泵 booster diffusion pump蔗渣泵 bagnsse pump蒸汽机泵 steam pumping engine蒸汽脉冲泵；脉冲泵 steam pulsator蒸汽脉冲泵；脉冲泵 pulsometer蒸汽喷射泵 seam ejector中段泵壳；中段 stage casing中开泵 axially split pump轴承架；泵托架 headstock轴承架固定式泵 pump with bearing bracket轴流泵；螺桨泵 axial flow pump轴流泵叶轮室 propeller bowl轴吸泵 axial inlet pump轴向单吸液环泵 axial single entry liquid ring pump轴向活塞泵 axial piston pump轴向双吸液环泵 axial double entry liquid ring pump轴向吸入泵 axial suction pump轴向柱塞泵 axial plunger pump铸铁泵 all iron pump转子可抽出式泵 pump with withdrawable rotor assembly钻井冲洗泵 borehole flushing pump摆线螺杆泵 cycloidal screw pump半开式叶轮离心泵 centrifugal pump with semien closed impeller pump 闭式旋涡泵 closed peripheral pump闭式叶轮离心泵 centrifugal pump with shrouded impeller不堵塞泵 chokeless pump舱壁泵 bulkhead mounted pump除氧化皮泵 descaling pump除氧器供给泵 deaerator lift pump除氧器循环泵 deaerator recirculating pump传导泵 conduction pump地下室排水泵 cellardrainage pump定压泵 constant pressure pump非接触齿轮泵 contactless gear pump伏辊断头纸桨泵 couch break pump给料泵 charge pump恒速泵 constant speed pump化工用泵 chemical pump化学纸浆泵 chemical pulp pump化学纸浆泵 chemical stock pump环壳泵 circular casing pump混料泵 contactor pump混凝土泵 cement grout pump混凝土泵 cementation pump混凝土泵 concrete pump混凝土涡壳泵 concrete volute pump货油泵 cargo oil pump夹装泵 bung mounted pump甲板泵 deck pump甲板冲洗泵 deck wash pump开式叶轮离心泵 centrifugal pump with open impeller矿井工作面泵 coal face pump冷剂泵 collant pump冷剂泵 coolant pump冷剂泵 cooling medium pump冷凝泵 condensate pump冷凝泵 condensate extraction pump冷却水泵 cooling water pump离心泵 centrifugal pump离心机出料泵 centrifugal run-off pump离心喷射泵 centrifugal-jet pump离心－旋涡泵 centrifugal-peripheral pump离心－旋涡泵 centrifugal-turbine pump链传动泵 chain drive pump链式泵 chain pump裂化装置泵 cracking pump流道式叶轮泵 channel impeller pump滤清污水泵 decanted sewage pump氯乙烯塑料泵 chlorovinyl plastic pump煤泥泵 coal slurry pump煤水泵 coal pump内啮合齿轮泵 crescent gear pump内啮合齿轮泵 crescent seal gear pump内配流径向活塞泵 centrally ported radial piston pump内循环形屏蔽泵 canned motor pump with inner recirculation 耐蚀泵 corrosion free pump耐蚀泵 corrosion resisting pump凝水回收泵 condensate recovery pump凝水回收泵 condensate return pump凝水－增压泵 condensate-booster pump凝水－增压－给水泵 condensate-booster-feed pump屏蔽泵 canned motor pump汽车冲洗泵 car wash pump巧克力输送泵 chocolate pump切削冷却乳剂泵 cutting oil pump清水泵 clean water pump曲柄泵 crank pump曲柄飞轮泵 crank and flywheel pump深井泵 deepwell pump石灰汁泵；清汁泵 clarified juice pump手压泵；手动泵 cottage pump水泥桨泵 cement slurry pump陶瓷泵 ceramic pump陶瓷酸泵 ceramic acid pump甜菜丝泵 cossette pump凸轮泵 cam pump凸轮转子式刮片泵 cam rotor vane pump凸轮转子式刮片泵 cam-vane pump外循环形屏蔽泵 canned motor pump with outer recirculation 无曲柄泵 crankless pump无曲柄多缸泵 crank-less multicylinder pump无曲柄污水泵 crankless sewage pump无曲柄消防泵 crankless fire pump洗舱泵 butterworth pump洗煤用泵 coal washing pump向心泵 centripetal pump斜盘式轴向活塞泵 cam plate type axial piston pump循环泵 circulating pump压缩空气驱动泵 compressed air pump液化天然气用低温泵 cryo pump for LNG诱导轮离心泵 centrifugal pump with inducent原生污泥泵 crude sludge pump原生污水泵 crude sewage pump原油泵 crude oil pump圆筒感应泵 cylindric induction pump粘浆泵 cellulose pulp pump直联泵；单体泵 close coupled pump中央密封式活塞泵 centre-packed type piston pump铸钢泵 cast steel pump装入式泵 built-in pump（主机）半负荷泵 half load pump（主机)全负荷泵 full load pump比例泵 dosing pump玻璃泵 glass pump差动活塞泵 differential piston pump柴油机驱动泵 diesel pump长喉管喷射泵 jet pump with long Venturi tube衬硬胶泵 ebonite pump衬硬胶泵 hard rubber lined pump。

Introduction to Dynamic Parallelism Stephen JonesNVIDIA CorporationImproving ProgrammabilityDynamic Parallelism Occupancy Simplify CPU/GPU Divide Library Calls from Kernels Batching to Help Fill GPU Dynamic Load Balancing Data-Dependent ExecutionRecursive Parallel AlgorithmsWhat is Dynamic Parallelism?The ability to launch new grids from the GPUDynamicallySimultaneouslyIndependentlyCPU GPU CPU GPU Fermi: Only CPU can generate GPU work Kepler: GPU can generate work for itselfWhat Does It Mean?CPU GPU CPU GPU GPU as Co-ProcessorAutonomous, Dynamic ParallelismData-Dependent ParallelismComputationalPower allocated toregions of interestCUDA Today CUDA on KeplerDynamic Work GenerationInitial GridStatically assign conservativeworst-case gridDynamically assign performancewhere accuracy is requiredFixed GridCPU-Controlled Work Batching CPU programs limited by singlepoint of controlCan run at most 10s of threadsCPU is fully consumed withcontrolling launchesCPU Control Threaddgetf2 dgetf2 dgetf2CPU Control Threaddswap dswap dswap dtrsm dtrsm dtrsmdgemm dgemm dgemmCPU Control ThreadMultiple LU-Decomposition, Pre-KeplerCPU Control ThreadCPU Control ThreadBatching via Dynamic ParallelismMove top-level loops to GPURun thousands of independent tasksRelease CPU for other workCPU Control ThreadCPU Control ThreadGPU Control Threaddgetf2 dswap dtrsm dgemm GPU Control Thread dgetf2 dswap dtrsm dgemm GPU Control Threaddgetf2dswapdtrsmdgemmBatched LU-Decomposition, Kepler__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Programming Model BasicsCode ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semantics__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Code ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-thread__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Code ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-threadSync includes all launches by any thread in the block__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }CUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-threadSync includes all launches by any thread in the blockcudaDeviceSynchronize() does not imply syncthreadsCode Example__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Code ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-threadSync includes all launches by any thread in the blockcudaDeviceSynchronize() does not imply syncthreadsAsynchronous launches only__device__ float buf[1024];__global__ void dynamic(float *data) {int tid = threadIdx.x; if(tid % 2)buf[tid/2] = data[tid]+data[tid+1]; __syncthreads();if(tid == 0) {launch<<< 128, 256 >>>(buf); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }__syncthreads();cudaMemcpyAsync(data, buf, 1024); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); }Code ExampleCUDA Runtime syntax & semanticsLaunch is per-threadSync includes all launches by any thread in the blockcudaDeviceSynchronize() does not imply syncthreadsAsynchronous launches only(note bug in program, here!)__global__ void libraryCall(float *a,float *b, float *c) {// All threads generate datacreateData(a, b);__syncthreads();// Only one thread calls library if(threadIdx.x == 0) {cublasDgemm(a, b, c);cudaDeviceSynchronize();}// All threads wait for dtrsm__syncthreads();// Now continueconsumeData(c);} CPU launcheskernelPer-block datagenerationCall of 3rd partylibrary3rd party libraryexecutes launchParallel useof resultSimple example: QuicksortTypical divide-and-conquer algorithmRecursively partition-and-sort dataEntirely data-dependent executionNotoriously hard to do efficiently on Fermi3 2 6 3 9 14 25 1 8 7 9 2 58 3 2 6 3 9 1 4 2 5 1 8 7 9 2 58 2 1 2 1 2 36 3 94 5 8 7 9 5 8 3 6 3 4 5 8 7 58 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 8 9 95 eventually...Select pivot valueFor each element: retrieve valueRecurse sort into right-handsubsetStore left if value < pivotStore right if value >= pivotall done?Recurse sort into left-hand subset NoYes__global__ void qsort(int *data, int l, int r) {int pivot = data[0];int *lptr = data+l, *rptr = data+r;// Partition data around pivot valuepartition(data, l, r, lptr, rptr, pivot);// Launch next stage recursively if(l < (rptr-data))qsort<<< ... >>>(data, l, rptr-data); if(r > (lptr-data))qsort<<< ... >>>(data, lptr-data, r); }。

机械原理重要名词术语中英文对照表Aabsolute motion 绝对运动absolute velocity 绝对速度acceleration 加速度acceleration analysis 加速度分析acceleration diagram 加速度曲线addendum齿顶高addendum circle 齿顶圆additional mechanism 附加机构allowable amount of unbalance 许用不平衡量allowable pressure angle 许用压力角amount of unbalance 不平衡量amplitude of vibration 振幅analytical design 解析设计analysis of mechanism 机构分析angle of contact 包角angle of engagement 啮合角angular acceleration 角加速度angular velocity 角速度angular velocity ratio 角速上匕aperiodic speed fluctuation 非周期性速度波动applied force 作用力arm臂部archimedes worm 阿基米德蜗杆assembly condition 装配条件automation 自动化axial thrust load 轴向分力B back angle 背锥角back cone 背锥back cone distance 背锥距backlash 侧系balance mass, quality of mass 平衡质量balance of balance 机构平衡balance of machinery 机械平衡balance of shaking force 惯性力平衡balance 平衡balancing machine 平衡机balancing quality 平衡品质balancing speed 平衡转速balance of rotor 转子平衡base circle 基圆base cone 基圆锥base cylinder 基圆柱base pitch 基圆齿距belt pulley 带轮belt pulley 皮带轮belt drives 带传动bevel gears 圆锥齿轮机构bevel gear 锥齿轮blank齿轮轮坯block diagram 框图body guidance mechanism 冈Q体导弓I 机构Ccam with oscillating follower 摆动从动件运动规律cam profile 实际廓线cam凸轮cams, cam mechanism 凸轮机构cam profile 凸轮（实际）廓线cartesian coordinate manipulator 直角坐标操作器centrifugal force 离兀、力center distance 中心距center distance change 中心距变动central gear 中心轮chain wheel 链轮characteristics 特性circular pitch 齿E巨clearance 顶隙clearance 径向间歇closed kinematic chain 闭式运动链closed chain mechanism 闭式链机构coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械运转不均匀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of speed fluctuation 速度波动系数coefficient of travel speed variation, advance-to return-time ratio 行程速上匕系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation 运动不均匀系数coincident points 重合点combine in parallel 并联式组合common normal line 公法线compound hinge 复合皎链compound combining 复合式组合compound screw mechanism 复式螺旋机构compound gear train 复合轮系complex mechanism 复杂机构computer aided design 计算机辅助设计computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机集成制造系统combined mechanism 组合机构common apex of cone 锥顶combine in series 串连式组合conjugate profiles 共轴齿廓conjugate cam 共轴凸轮connecting rod, couple 连杆cone angle 圆锥角constraint 约束constraint condition 约束条件constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等加速等减速运动规律constant diameter cam 等径凸轮constant breadth cam 等宽凸轮constitution of mechanism 机构组成contacting line, pressure line, line of engagement 啮合线contact ratio 重合度constant-velocity universal joints 双万向联车由节cone distance 锥距cone pulley 锥轮coordinate frame 坐标系correcting plane 校正平面correcting plane 平衡平面counterweight 平衡重couple [of forces], couples 力偶couple curve 连杆曲线crank 曲柄crank-rocker mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构crank angle between extreme positions 极位夹角crank arm, planet carrier 系杆critical speed 临界转速circulating power load 循环功率流circular gear 圆形齿轮cross-belt drive 交叉带传动crossed helical gears 交错车由斜齿轮curvature 曲率curved-shoe follower 曲面从动件curve matching 曲线拼接cutter 刀具cycloidal gear 摆线齿轮cycloidal motion 摆线运动规律cycloidal-pin wheel 摆线针轮cycle of motion 运动周期cylindric pair 圆柱副cylindrical cam 圆柱凸轮cylindrical worm 圆柱蜗杆cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆柱坐标操作器Ddead point 死点dedendum齿根高dedendum circle 齿根圆degree of freedom (dof for short ) 自由度depth of cut 切齿深度design variable 设计变量detrimental resistance 有害阻力diametral pitch 径节diametral quotient 直径系数diametral quotient 蜗杆直径系数differential gear train 差动轮系differential screw mechanism 差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差动螺旋机构differentials 差速器direct (forward ) kinematics 正向运动学displacement 位移displacement diagram 位移曲线disk cam盘形凸轮double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph 双滑块机构double crank mechanism 双曲柄机构double rocker mechanism 双摇杆机构driven pulley 从动带轮driven link, follower 从动件driven gear 从动轮driving force 驱动力driving moment 马区动力矩driving link 原动件driving gear 主动齿轮driving pulley 主动带轮dwell停歇dynamic balance 动平衡dynamic balancing machine 动平衡机dynamic characteristics 动态特性dynamic reaction 动压力dynamic load 动载荷dynamic analysis of machinery 机械动力分析dynamic design of machinery 机械动力设计dynamics of machinery 机械动力学Eeccentric 偏心盘effective resistance 工作阻力effective resistance moment 工作阻力矩end-effector 末端执行器engaging-in 啮入engaging-out 啮出engagement, meshing engagement, meshing 啮合epicyclic gear train 周转轮系equivalent spur gear 当量齿轮equivalent teeth number 当量齿数equivalent coefficient of friction 当量摩擦系数equivalent link 等效构件equivalent force 等效力equivalent moment 等效力矩equivalent mass 等效质量equilibrium 力平衡equivalent mechanism 替代机构equivalent moment of inertia 等效惯性力extreme position 极限位置external gear 夕卜齿轮external force 夕卜力F face width 齿宽face width 平底宽度feedback combining 反馈式组合field balancing 现场平衡Fifth-power polynomial motion 五次多项式运动规律final contact , end of contact 终止啮合点flat belt drive 带传动flat-face follower 平底从动件flexspline 柔轮flexible rotor 挠性转子flexible impulse, soft shock 柔性冲击flexible manufacturing system 柔性制造系统flexible automation 柔性自动化flywheel 飞轮follower dwell 从动件停歇follower motion 从动件运动规律form cutting 仿形法force 力force polygon 力多边形force-closed cam mechanism 力圭寸闭型凸轮机构forced vibration 强迫振动form-closed cam mechanism 形圭寸闭凸轮机构four-bar linkage 四杆机构frequency of vibration 振动频率friction 摩擦friction angle 摩擦角friction force 摩擦力friction moment 摩擦力矩friction circle 摩擦圆frame , fixed link 机架frequency 频率full balance of shaking force 惯性力完全平衡fundamental mechanism 基础机构fixed link, frame 固定构件function generator 函数发生器Ggear齿轮gear train 轮系gear ratio 齿数上匕gears 齿轮机构generating 范成法generating line 发生线generating plane 发生面geneva wheel 槽轮general constraint 公共约束generating line of involute 渐开线发生线generating 展成法，范成法geneva mechanism 槽轮机构governor调速器grashoff ' s law格拉晓夫定理grashoff ' s law 曲柄存在条件graphical design 图解设计groove cam 槽凸轮H harmonic drive 谐波传动helical pair 螺旋副helical angle 螺旋角helix, helical line 螺旋线helical gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮herringbone gear , double helical gear 人字齿轮higher pair 高副hob, hobbing cutter 滚刀hob,hobbing cutter 齿轮滚刀hydrodynamic drive 液力传动hydraulic mechanism 液压机构Iidler gear 惰轮imaginary part 虚部inertia force 惯性力initial contact ,beginning of contact 起始啮合点inline roller follower 对心滚子从动件inline flat-faced follower 对心平底从动件inline slider crank mechanism 对心曲柄滑块机构input link 输入构件instantaneous center of velocity 速度瞬心instantaneous center 瞬心interchangeable gears 互换性齿轮interference 干涉intermittent motion mechanism 间歇运动机构internal gear 内齿轮intermittent gearing 不完全齿轮inverse cam mechanism 反凸轮机构inverse (backward) kinematics 反向运动学involute 渐开线involute profile 渐开线齿廓involute gear 渐开线齿轮involute equation 渐开线方程involute function 渐开线函数involute worm 渐开线蜗杆involute helicoid 渐开线螺旋面increment or decrement work 盈亏功in-line translating follower 对心移动从动件Jjacobi matrix 雅克比矩阵jerk跃度jerk diagram 跃度曲线jointed manipulator 关节型操作器Kkennedy' s theo rem,theorem of three centers 三心定理kinematic inversion 机架变换kinematic design of mechanism 机构运动设计kinematic diagram 机构运动简图kinematic inversion 运动倒置kinematic analysis 运动分析kinematic pair 运动副kinematic diagram 运动简图kinematic chain 运动链kinematic design 运动设计kinematic synthesis 运动综合kinematic inversion 反转法knife-edge follower 尖底从动件Llayout of cam profile 凸轮廓线绘制lead导程lead angle 导程角length of contacting line 啮合线长度link 构件linkages 连杆机构line of centers 连兀、线load载荷load balancing mechanism 均衡装置lower pair 彳氐副Mmachine 机器manipulator 机器人操作器machinery 机械manipulator 机械手mathematical model 数学模型mass-radius product 质径积mechanism 机构mechanism机构学mechanical advantage 机械利益mechanical behavior 机械特性mechanical efficiency 机械效率mechanisms and machine theory, theory of mechanisms and machines 机械原理mechanism with flexible elements 挠性机构meshing point 啮合点metric gears 公制齿轮mid-plane 中间平面minimum teeth number 最少齿数minimum radius 最小向径module模数modified gear 变位齿轮modification coefficient 变位系数moment力矩moment of couple 力偶矩moment of inertia, shaking moment 惯性力矩moment of flywheel 飞轮距motion skewness 运动失真moving link 运动构件Nnonstandard gear 非标准齿轮noncircular gear 非圆齿轮normal plane 法面normal paramenters 法面参数normal circular pitch 法面齿E 巨normal module 法面模数normal pressure angle 法面压力角nomogram诺模图number of waves 波数number of threads 蜗杆头数nut, screw nut 螺母Oobjective function 目标函数offset distance 偏距offset circle 偏距圆offset roller follower 偏置滚子从动件offfser knife-edge follower 偏置尖底从动件offset flat-face follower 偏置平底从动件offset slider-crank mechanism 偏置曲柄滑块机构oldham coupling 双转块机构open-belt drive 开口传动open kinematic chain 开式链open chain mechanism 开式链机构optimal design 优化设计output work 输出功output link 输出构件output mechanism 输出机构output torque 输出力矩output shaft 输出轴oscillating follower 摆动从动件oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆动导杆机构ordinary gear train 定车由轮系other mechanism most in use 其它常用机构overlap contact ratio 纵向重合度Pparabolic motion 抛物线运动partial balance of shaking force 惯性力部分平衡path generator 轨迹发生器passive degree of freedom 局部自由度parallel helical gears 平行轴斜齿轮pawl棘爪periodic speed fluctuation 周期性速度波动pinion 小齿轮pinion and rack 齿轮齿条机构pinion cutter 齿轮插刀pitch curve 理论廓线pitch point 节点pitch line 节线pitch circle 节园pitch diameter 节圆直径pitch cone 节圆锥pitch cone angle 节圆锥角pitch curve 凸轮理论廓线planetary differential 封闭差动轮系planetary drive with small teeth difference 少齿差行星传动planet gear 行星轮planet gear train 行星轮系planet carrier 行星架planar pair, flat pair 平面iPJplanar mechanism 平面机构planar kinematic pair 平面运动副planar linkage 平面连杆机构planar cam 平面凸轮pneumatic mechanism 气动机构polar coordinate manipulator 球坐标操作器polynomial motion 多项式运动规律pose, position and orientation 位姿power功率pressure angle of base circle 基圆压力角pressure angle of involute 渐开线压力角pressure angle 压力角prismatic joint 移动关节Qquick-return mechanism 急回机构quick-return characteristics 急回特性quick-return motion 急回运动Rrack 齿条rack cutter 齿条插刀radius of curvature 曲率半径radius of base circle 基圆半径radius of roller 滚子半径ratchet 棘轮ratchet mechanism 棘轮机构real part 实部reciprocating motion 往复移动reciprocating follower 移动从动件redundant degree of freedom 冗余自由度redundant constraint 虚约束relative velocity 相对速度relative motion 相对运动resultant force 总反力return , return-stroke 回程revolute pair 转动副revolute joint 转动关节rigid circular spline 冈Q 轮rigid impulse (shock) 刚性冲击rigid rotor 刚性转子ring gear 内齿圈rise 升程rise 推程robot 机器人robotics 机器人学robust design 稳健设计rocker 摇杆roller follower 滚子从动件roller 滚子rotation guide-bar mechanism 转动导杆机构rotor with several masses 多质量转子rotating guide-bar mechanism 转动导杆机构rotor 转子round belt drive 圆带传动Sscale 比例尺screw 螺杆screw mechanism 螺旋机构self-locking 自锁shaft angle 轴角shaking couple 振动力矩simple harmonic motion (SHM for short) 简谐运动simple harmonic motion 简谐运动simple harmonic motion 余弦加速度运动sine generator, scotch yoke 正弦机构singular position 奇异位置six-bar linkage 六杆机构slider 滑块slider-crank mechanism 曲柄滑块机构sliding pair, prismatic pair 移动iPJspace齿槽space width 齿槽宽spatial mechanism 空间机构spatial linkages 空间连杆机构spatial cams 空间凸轮机构spatial kinematic pair 空间运动副spatial kinematic chain 空间运动链speed fluctuation 速度波动spherical pair 球面副spherical involute 球面渐开线spherical motion 球面运动sphere-pin pair 球销副spur gear 直齿圆柱齿轮starting period 起动阶段static balance 静平衡standard pitch line 分度线standard pitch circle 分度圆standard pitch cone 分度圆锥standard spur gear 标准直齿轮steady motion period 稳定运转阶段step pulley 塔轮stopping phase 停车阶段stroke 工作行程structure 结构structural and mechanical error 结构误差sub-mechanism 子机构sun gear 太阳轮synchronous belt drive 同步带传动synthesis of mechanism 机构综合Ttangent mechanism 正切机构teeth number 齿数tension pulley 张紧轮thickness 齿厚thickness on pitch circle 节园齿厚thread pitch 螺矩thread of a screw 螺纹three-dimensional cam 三维凸轮toggle mechanism 肘形机构tooth profile 齿廓tooth curve 齿廓曲线total contact ratio 总重合度transverse plane 端面transverse parameters 端面参数transverse circular pitch 端面齿E 巨transverse contact ratio 端面重合度transverse module 端面模数transverse pressure angle 端面压力角transmission ratio, speed ratio 传动上匕transmission angle 传动角two-dimensional cam 两维凸轮Uundercutting 根切undercutting 过度切割universal joint 单万向联车由节unit vector 单位矢量universal joint, h ooke' s coupling 万向联车由节uniform motion, constant velocity motion 等速运动规律Vvelocity diagram 速度曲线vector 矢量velocity 速度virtual reality 虚拟现实vibration 振动Wwave generator 波发生器wedge cam移动凸轮width of flat-face 从动件平底宽度working space 工作空间working stroke 工作行程worm蜗杆worm gearing 蜗杆传动机构worm and worm gear 蜗杆蜗轮机构worm gear 蜗轮wrist 腕部。

ReactorsIntroductionWith 40 years of successful field experience, Trench is the recognized world leader in the design and manufacture of air core, dry type, power reactors for all utility and industrial applications. The unique, custom design ap-proach, along with fully integrated engineering and manufacturing facilities in both North America and Europe have enabled Trench to become the technical leader for high voltage inductors worldwide.A deep commitment to the power industry, along with extensive investment in engineering, manufacturing and test capability give Trench customers the utmost in high quality, reliable products which are individually designed for each application. Trench reactor applications have grown from small, distribution class, current limiting reactors to complex EHV applied reactors surpassing 300 MVA per coil. Reactors are manufactured in accordance with ISO 9001 quality standard. Trench's highly develo-ped research and development program constantly addresses new technologies and their potential ap-plication in reactor products. Trench welcomes challenges for new applications for power reactors.This brochure outlines the features, capabilities and applications of Trench reactors.Although air-core, dry type reactors represent the majority of reactor production volume, Trenchalso produces a highly successful line of iron core/iron shielded and oil type reactors for specific appli-cation (eg. Resonance Grounding/ Petersen Coils). These reactors are also described in detail in other sections of the Trenchproduct catalogue.Design Features ofAir-Core Dry Type Reactors•Epoxy impregnated, fibreglass encapsulated construction•Aluminum construction through-out with all current carrying connections welded•Highest mechanical and short circuit strength•Essentially zero radial voltage stress, with uniformly graded axial voltage distribution between terminals•Low noise levels are maintained throughout the life of the reactor•Weatherproof construction, with minimum maintenance require-ments•Design service life in excess of 30 years•Designs available in compliance with ANSI/IEEE, IEC and othermajor standards.ReactorsFig. 1Three-phase stackedcurrent limiting reactor 2Series ReactorsReactors connected in series with the line or feeder. Typical uses are fault current reduction, load balancing in parallel circuits, limi-ting inrush currents of capacitor banks, etc.Reactor ApplicationsFig. 2Schematic diagramFig. 4Current limiting reactorFig. 3Single phase series reactors Trench reactors are utilized on transmission anddistribution systems. Although it is not possible to list all reactor applications, some of the most common are described below.Current Limiting Reactors,reduce the short circuit current to levels within the rating of theequipment on the load side of the reactor.Applications of current limiting reactors range from the simple distribution feeder reactor to large bus-tie and load balancing reactors on systems rated up to 765 kV/2100 kV BIL.Capacitor Reactors are designed to be installed in series with ashunt connected capacitor bank to limit inrush currents due toswitching, to limit outrush currents due to close in faults and to control the resonant frequency of the system due to the addition of the capacitor banks. Reactors can be installed on system voltages through 765 kV/2100 kV BIL. When specifying capacitor reactors,the requested continuous current rating should account for harmonic current content, tolerance on capacitors and allowable system overvoltage.3Buffer Reactors forElectric Arc Furnaces (EAF).The most effective use of EAFs is achieved by operating the furnace at low electrode current and long arc length. This requires the use of a series reactor in the supply system of the arc furnace transformer forstabilizing the arc.Fig. 5 Buffer reactor for E.A.F.Fig. 6Load flow control reactors Duplex Reactors are currentlimiting reactors which consist oftwo half coils, wound in opposition.These reactors provide a desirablelow reactance under normal con-ditions and a high reactance underfault conditions.Load Flow Control Reactors areseries connected on transmissionlines up to 800 kV.The reactors change the lineimpedance characteristic such thatload flow can be controlled, thusensuring maximum power transferover adjacent transmission lines.4Filter ReactorsFilter Reactors are used in conjunc-tion with capacitor banks to form series tuned harmonic filter circuits, or in conjunction with capacitor banks and resistors to form broad-band harmonic filter circuits.When specifying filter reactors, the magnitudes of fundamental and harmonic frequency current should be indicated. If inductance adjustment for fine tuning is required, the required tapping range and tolerances must be specified. Many filter applications require a Q-factor which is very much lower than the natural Q of the reactor. This is often achieved by connecting a resistor in the circuit.An economical alternative is the addition of a de Q'ing ring structure on a reactor. This can reduce the Q-factor of the reactor by as much as one tenth without the necessity of installing additional damping resistors. (see Fig. 9 below) These rings, mounted on the reactorare simply coupled to the magneticFig. 8Filter reactorsFig. 9Filter reactors withde Q’ing ringsFig. 7Schematic diagramFig. 10Capacitor/filter protection relayfield of the reactor. This eliminatesthe concern of space, connectionand reliability of additional compo-nents such as resistors.The Capacitor/Filter ProtectionRelay CPR 97is a microprocessorbased protection relay speciallydesigned for optimized protectionof shunt banks and harmonic filtercircuits.5Static VAR Compensators are used on transmission systems to improve the overall reliability, correct for voltage fluctuations and power factor as well asincreasing the transmission capability and reducing losses.Shunt ReactorsShunt Reactors are used to compensate for capacitive VARs generated by lightly loaded trans-mission lines or undergroundcables. They are normally connected to the transformer tertiary winding but can also be directly connected on systems up to 115 kV.Fig. 11Schematic diagramFig. 14Thyristor controlled reactorFig. 12Tertiary connected shunt reactorsFig. 13Thyristor controlled shunt reactors and filterreactors in a Static VAR CompensatorThyristor ControlledShunt Reactors are extensively used in static VAR systems, where reactive VARs are adjusted by thyristor circuits. Static VARcompensator reactor applications normally include:•Thyristor controlled shunt reactors (TCR). The compensating power is changed by controlling the current through the reactor by means of the thyristor valves.•Thyristor switched reactors (TSR)•Thyristor switched capacitor reactors (TSC)•Filter reactors (FR)6HVDC-ReactorsHVDC lines are used for longdistance bulk power transmissionFig. 15SchematicdiagramFig. 17HVDC-Smoothing reactorFig. 16AC-Filtersas well as back-to-back inter-connections between differenttransmission networks.HVDC Reactors normally includeSmooting Reactors, AC and DCHarmonic Filter Reactors as wellas AC and DC PLC Noise FilterReactors.7Smoothing ReactorsSmoothing reactors are used to reduce the magnitude of the ripple current in a DC system. They are used in power electronics applications such as variable speed drives and UPS systems. They are also required on HVDC transmission lines for system voltages up to 500 kV.Several design and construction techniques are offered by Trench.Fig. 18 Schematic diagramFig. 19Iron core, forced air cooled reactorFig. 20Air core,encapsulated winding designFig. 21Iron core,water cooled reactor8Test Lab ReactorsTest Lab Reactors are installed in high voltage and high power test laboratories. Some typical applications include current limiting, synthetic testing of circuit breakers, inductive energy storage, artificiallines, etc.Fig. 22Schematic diagramFig. 23Reactor bank for thevoltage circuit for synthetic testingof circuit breakers;32 kA peak to peak,0,318 mH to 353,6 mH,up to 1600 kV BILFig. 25Short circuittest reactorFig. 24Adjustablecurrent limiting reactor9Neutral Grounding ReactorsNeutral Grounding Reactors limit the line to ground fault current to specified levels. Specification should also include unbalanced condition continuous current andduration.Fig. 26Schematic diagramFig. 27Arc suppression coil 110 kV Fig. 28Standard arc suppression coilArc Suppression CoilsSingle-phase neutral grounding (earthing) reactors (arc suppression coils) are intended to compensate for the capacitive line-to-ground current during a single phase gro-und-fault.The arc suppression coil (ASC) represents the central element of the Trench earth fault protection system.Since the electric system is subject to changes, the inductance of the ASC used for neutral earthing must be variable.The earth fault detection system developed by Trench utilizes the plunger core coil (moveable core design). Based on extensive experi-ence in design, construction and application of ASCs, Trenchproducts can meet the most strin-gent requirements for earth fault compensating techniques.10A Trench air core dry type reactor consists of a number of parallel connected, individually insulated, aluminum (copper on request) conductors. These conductors can be small wire or proprietary cables custom designed and manufactured.The size and type of conductor used in each reactor is dependant on the reactor specification. The various styles and sizes of conductors available ensure optimum performance at the most economical cost. The windings are mechanically reinforced with epoxy resin impregnated fibreglass, which after a carefully defined oven cure cycle produces an encapsulated coil. A network of horizontal and vertical fibreglass ties coupled with the encapsulation minimizes vibration in the reactor and achieves the highest available mechanical strength.The windings are terminated at each end to a set of aluminum bars called a spider. This construction results in a very rigid unit capable of withstanding the stresses developed under the most severe short circuit conditions. Exceptionally high levels of terminal pull, tensile strength, wind loading and seismic withstand can be accommodated with the reactor. See Fig. 29 for details on construction.This unique design can be installed in all types of climates and environments and still offer optimum performance.Trench air core dry typereactors are installed in polluted and corrosive areas supplying trouble free operation. In addition to the standard fixed reactance type of coil, units can be supplied with taps for variable inductance.A number of methods are available to vary inductance for fine tuning or to provide a range of larger inductance steps.Trench utilizes various other designs for reactors (eg. iron core, water cooled, etc.) which are described in other sections of thiscatalogue.ConstructionFig. 29Typical Trench air core dry typereactor construction11It is the customer's responsibility to consider these minimum clearances, especially if steelreinforcing in concrete foundations or floors, or structural steel is involved in the building or station design. It is important, even outside these minimum magnetic clearan-ces, to avoid closed electrical loops with metallic parts.Terminals/Magnetic ClearanceIf required, non-magnetic extension brackets can be supplied by Trench to maintain thenecessary magnetic clearance below the reactor. Trench canprovide additional details on space requirements andrecommended reinforcing steel (rebar) design, if requested.Magnetic ClearanceMinimum clearances to metallic parts, and between coils, must be maintained as indicated by Figs. 32and 33. The values shown are only guidelines. Each specific reactor design will specify magnetic clearance requirements.Fig. 30Terminal orientation Fig. 31Terminal detailsMinimum magnetic clearance to other reactors and metallic partsnot forming closed loops (approximate values only)Terminals12Generally, air core, dry type reactors can be installed in either side by side or vertically stacked configurations and are often added to existing substations or locations where space limitations exist. With its highly developed computer design expertise, Trench can design reactors with optimized dimensions, to suit limited space requirements. The multi-spider construction allows flexibility in terminal location, which minimizes connection problems (see Fig. 35).Number of spider arms to be obtained from the actual quotation design.Installation assembly is minimal and typically requires only that brackets and insulators be bolted to the main coil. Installation instructions are provided with each reactor order.Trench takes intoconsideration all aspects of the reactor installation. These include requirements of ventilation, reactor supports, connections and busbar arrangements.Trench can also provide detailed information regarding:•magnetic field distribution analysis for mounting pads and foundations, grounding grids, fences and adjacent structures•Force calculations on adjacent coil installations, bus and cable connectionsInstallation•Seismic analysis on entire reactor assemblies, including support insulators and mounting pedestals, when furnished.Fig. 33Three-phasestacked arrangement13TestingAt Trench each reactor manufactured is subjected to a rigorous test and inspection program. In addition to the routine testing required by ANSI/IEEE or IEC a number of in-process tests are performed on each unit during production to ensure maximum in-service reliability. Each reactor is supplied with a certified test report with the results from all tests performed.In addition to routine testing we have the capability in our High Voltage and Power labs to perform most of the design tests described in the applicable standards. Design tests can be performed at an additional cost or test reports on similar units can be supplied upon request.The materials used in the manufacture of the reactor are also subject to a strict test program. Cooling duct spacers and the fibreglass epoxy resin composite encapsulation are subject to routine mechanical strength and tracking resistance testing. Accelerated thermal and multifactor aging studies are carried out which help to verify performance of the reactor components over their full service life.This testing coupled with our Quality Assurance program enables us to ensure the continuous perfor-mance of our reactors throughout the design service life.LossesThe custom design approach used by Trench allows optimum use of materials to control reactor losses. If a loss evaluation is not indicated in the specification, the reactor will be designed to meet the applicable standards at a most economical initial cost.All customers are aware of the advantages in minimizing system losses and are applying loss evaluation techniques to reactor purchases. In the cases where loss evaluations are included in the reactor specifications, Trench optimizes the initial cost of the reactor plus the cost of operating losses, to ensure the most economical balance. Generally, a loss optimized reactor will operate at a lower temperature rise and will thus extend the reactor overload capability.Trench's ability to design and manufacture low loss reactors al-lows many electric power utilities to economically justify the replacement of older, inefficient reactor installations. The low loss reactors can usually be installed on existing mounting pads.Losses can also be influenced for other purposes. In some applications it is important to control the Q factor (X/R ratio) of the reactor. This may be important at the fundamental frequency or at specific harmonic frequencies where additional losses are advantageous, for example capacitor switching reactors and certain filter applications.Testing/LossesFig. 34High voltage test laboratory 14Trench designs andmanufactures enclosures and support pedestals specifically for air core, dry type reactors.Enclosures, depending on the requirement, are made of steel or fibreglass and can be designed for indoor or outdoor installations.Trench enclosure design minimizes circulating current loops and opti-mizes the size by defining ventila-tion area and acceptable tempe-rature rise. Enclosures have been qualified as completeassemblies by short circuit testing of the enclosed reactor.Trench can supply support pede-stals to elevate reactor live parts to a height commensurate with per-sonnel safety standards. Pedestals also provide propermagnetic clearance below the reactor.Various pedestal designs are available and include fibreglass,braced aluminum and non-magnetic steel designs.Trench can recommend the most practical pedestal for each reactor application. Additional information on enclosures and pedestals is available on request.Sound shields can be provided to reduce the reactor noise level for special applications (HVDC).Enclosures and PedestalsFig. 35Filter reactor with sound shieldFig. 36Filter reactor with top-hatand pedestal15Data required with order•Reactor application•Indoor or outdoor installation•System voltage,impulse insulation level (BIL)•Rated and maximum continuous current (fundamental and harmonics)•Short circuit current level and duration•Rated inductance/impedance•Mounting arrangement (side by side or vertical stack)•Detailed accessory requirements (connectors, buswork, etc.)•Location of installation and site conditions•Ambient temperature range Trench Austria GmbH Paschinger Strasse 49, Postfach 13 A-4060 Linz-Leonding/Austria Phone+43.732.6793-0Fax+43.732.671341E-Mail sales@TrenchAustria.at Trench Brasil LTDAVia Expressa de Contagem, 2685 CEP 32370-485Contagem, MG - BrasilPhone 55. 31. 391-5959Fax 55. 31. 391-1828E-mailtrenchbrasil@ Trench LimitedCoil Product Division71 Maybrook Drive, Scarborough Ontario, Canada M1V 4B6 Phone (416) 298-8108Fax (416)298-2209E-Mail sales@ Trench LimitedInstrument Transformer Division 390 Midwest Road, Scarborough Ontario, Canada M1P 3B5Phone (416) 751-8570Fax (416)751-6952E-Mail sales@ Trench France S.A.16, rue du Général Cassagnou B.P. 70F-68302 St-Louis Cedex/France Phone +33.3.8970 23 23Fax +33.3.89 67 26 63E-Mail sales@ Trench Germany GmbHNürnberger Strasse 19996050 Bamberg/GermanyPhone +49.951.1803-0Fax +49.951.1803-224E-Mail sales@trench.deTrench Switzerland AG Lehenmattstrasse 353CH-4028 Basel/Switzerland Phone +41.61.315 5111Fax +41.61.315 59 00E-Mail sales@trench.chSubject to change without notice04.2000E 600。

机械专业术语（英语）大全机械专业术语，中英文对照！阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arrangement背锥back cone ；normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed变速speed change变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number齿数比gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio冲床punch传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置gearing; transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft串联式组合combination in series串联式组合机构series combined mechanism串级调速cascade speed control创新innovation ; creation创新设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load唇形橡胶密封lip rubber seal磁流体轴承magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮driven pulley从动件driven link, follower从动件平底宽度width of flat-face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse thread大齿轮gear wheel打包机packer打滑slipping带传动belt driving带轮belt pulley带式制动器band brake单列轴承single row bearing单向推力轴承single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节single universal joint单位矢量unit vector当量齿轮equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导热性conduction of heat导程lead导程角lead angle等加等减速运动规律parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等速运动规律uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮constant-breadth cam等效构件equivalent link等效力equivalent force等效力矩equivalent moment of force等效量equivalent等效质量equivalent mass等效转动惯量equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型dynamically equivalent model底座chassis低副lower pair点划线chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal碟形弹簧belleville spring顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity动力润滑dynamic lubrication动平衡dynamic balance动平衡机dynamic balancing machine动态特性dynamic characteristics动态分析设计dynamic analysis design动压力dynamic reaction动载荷dynamic load端面transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距transverse circular pitch端面齿廓transverse tooth profile端面重合度transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角transverse pressure angle锻造forge对称循环应力symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承multi-row bearing多楔带poly V-belt多项式运动规律polynomial motion多质量转子rotor with several masses惰轮idle gear额定寿命rating life额定载荷load ratingII 级杆组dyad发生线generating line发生面generating plane法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters法面齿距normal circular pitch法面模数normal module法面压力角normal pressure angle法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆straight sided normal worm法向力normal force反馈式组合feedback combining反向运动学inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法kinematic inversion反正切Arctan范成法generating cutting仿形法form cutting方案设计、概念设计concept design, CD防振装置shockproof device飞轮flywheel飞轮矩moment of flywheel非标准齿轮nonstandard gear非接触式密封non-contact seal非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮non-circular gear粉末合金powder metallurgy分度线reference line; standard pitch line分度圆reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at reference cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法analytical method封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合铰链compound hinge复合式组合compound combining复合轮系compound (or combined) gear train复合平带compound flat belt复合应力combined stress复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism复杂机构complex mechanism杆组Assur group干涉interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列height series高速带high speed belt高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoff`s law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter高度系列height series功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment公法线common normal line公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design共轭齿廓conjugate profiles共轭凸轮conjugate cam构件link鼓风机blower固定构件fixed link; frame固体润滑剂solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipulator惯性力inertia force惯性力矩moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩resultant moment of inertia惯性主失resultant vector of inertia冠轮crown gear广义机构generation mechanism广义坐标generalized coordinate轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob滚道raceway滚动体rolling element滚动轴承rolling bearing滚动轴承代号rolling bearing identification code滚针needle roller滚针轴承needle roller bearing滚子roller滚子轴承roller bearing滚子半径radius of roller滚子从动件roller follower滚子链roller chain滚子链联轴器double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器roller clutch过度切割undercutting函数发生器function generator函数生成function generation含油轴承oil bearing耗油量oil consumption耗油量系数oil consumption factor赫兹公式H. Hertz equation合成弯矩resultant bending moment合力resultant force合力矩resultant moment of force黑箱black box横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动轴承sliding bearing滑动率sliding ratio滑块slider环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧annular spring缓冲装置shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁grey cast iron回程return回转体平衡balance of rotors混合轮系compound gear train积分integrate机电一体化系统设计mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构mechanism机构分析analysis of mechanism机构平衡balance of mechanism机构学mechanism机构运动设计kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构组成constitution of mechanism机架frame, fixed link机架变换kinematic inversion机器machine机器人robot机器人操作器manipulator机器人学robotics技术过程technique process技术经济评价technical and economic evaluation技术系统technique system机械machinery机械创新设计mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计dynamic design of machinery机械动力学dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计modern machine design机械系统mechanical system机械利益mechanical advantage机械平衡balance of machinery机械手manipulator机械设计machine design; mechanical design机械特性mechanical behavior机械调速mechanical speed governors机械效率mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case-based design,CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick-return mechanism急回特性quick-return characteristics急回系数advance-to return-time ratio急回运动quick-return motion棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism棘爪pawl极限位置extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS 计算力矩factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient加速度acceleration加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度曲线acceleration diagram尖点pointing; cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent motion mechanism减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle of involute渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic motion键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring角加速度angular acceleration角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing角接触轴承angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal阶梯轴multi-diameter shaft结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节距circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight-side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静平衡static balance静载荷static load静密封static seal局部自由度passive degree of freedom矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded form锯齿形螺纹buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器square-jaw positive-contact clutch绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity均衡装置load balancing mechanism抗压强度compression strength开口传动open-belt drive开式链open kinematic chain开链机构open chain mechanism可靠度degree of reliability可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam空间运动副spatial kinematic pair空间运动链spatial kinematic chain空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩moment力平衡equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple连杆connecting rod, coupler连杆机构linkage连杆曲线coupler-curve连心线line of centers链chain链传动装置chain gearing链轮sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ; sprocket gear ; chain wheel 联组V 带tight-up V belt联轴器coupling ; shaft coupling两维凸轮two-dimensional cam临界转速critical speed六杆机构six-bar linkage龙门刨床double Haas planer轮坯blank轮系gear train螺杆screw螺距thread pitch螺母screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺钉screws螺栓bolts螺纹导程lead螺纹效率screw efficiency螺旋传动power screw螺旋密封spiral seal螺纹thread (of a screw)螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ,helical line绿色设计green design ; design for environment马耳他机构Geneva wheel ; Geneva gear马耳他十字Maltese cross脉动无级变速pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷fluctuating load铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth seal密封seal密封带seal belt密封胶seal gum密封元件potted component密封装置sealing arrangement面对面安装face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计design for product`s life cycle, DPLC 名义应力、公称应力nominal stress模块化设计modular design, MD模块式传动系统modular system模幅箱morphology box模糊集fuzzy set模糊评价fuzzy evaluation模数module摩擦friction摩擦角friction angle摩擦力friction force摩擦学设计tribology design, TD摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦力矩friction moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction摩擦圆friction circle磨损abrasion ;wear; scratching末端执行器end-effector目标函数objective function耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance耐磨性wear resistance挠性机构mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子flexible rotor内齿轮internal gear内齿圈ring gear内力internal force内圈inner ring能量energy能量指示图viscosity逆时针counterclockwise (or anticlockwise)啮出engaging-out啮合engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点contact points啮合角working pressure angle啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action啮入engaging-in牛头刨床shaper凝固点freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力torsion stress扭矩moment of torque扭簧helical torsion spring诺模图NomogramO 形密封圈密封O ring seal盘形凸轮disk cam盘形转子disk-like rotor抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏( 心) 距offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass偏距圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric偏置滚子从动件offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接matching评价与决策evaluation and decision频率frequency平带flat belt平带传动flat belt driving平底从动件flat-face follower平底宽度face width平分线bisector平均应力average stress平均中径mean screw diameter平均速度average velocity平衡balance平衡机balancing machine平衡品质balancing quality平衡平面correcting plane平衡质量balancing mass平衡重counterweight平衡转速balancing speed平面副planar pair, flat pair平面机构planar mechanism平面运动副planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构planar linkage平面凸轮planar cam平面凸轮机构planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮parallel helical gears普通平键parallel key其他常用机构other mechanism in common use起动阶段starting period启动力矩starting torque气动机构pneumatic mechanism奇异位置singular position起始啮合点initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承gas bearing千斤顶jack嵌入键sunk key强迫振动forced vibration切齿深度depth of cut曲柄crank曲柄存在条件Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature曲面从动件curved-shoe follower曲线拼接curve matching曲线运动curvilinear motion曲轴crank shaft驱动力driving force驱动力矩driving moment (torque)全齿高whole depth权重集weight sets球ball球面滚子convex roller球轴承ball bearing球面副spheric pair球面渐开线spherical involute球面运动spherical motion球销副sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器polar coordinate manipulator燃点spontaneous ignition热平衡heat balance; thermal equilibrium人字齿轮herringbone gear冗余自由度redundant degree of freedom柔轮flexspline柔性冲击flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system; FMS柔性自动化flexible automation润滑油膜lubricant film润滑装置lubrication device润滑lubrication润滑剂lubricant三角形花键serration spline三角形螺纹V thread screw三维凸轮three-dimensional cam三心定理Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽grinding wheel groove砂漏hour-glass少齿差行星传动planetary drive with small teeth difference 设计方法学design methodology设计变量design variable设计约束design constraints深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing生产阻力productive resistance升程rise升距lift实际廓线cam profile十字滑块联轴器double slider coupli ng; Oldham‘s coupling 矢量vector输出功output work输出构件output link输出机构output mechanism输出力矩output torque输出轴output shaft输入构件input link数学模型mathematic model实际啮合线actual line of action双滑块机构double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloid gear双头螺柱studs双万向联轴节constant-velocity (or double) universal joint 双摇杆机构double rocker mechanism双转块机构Oldham coupling双列轴承double row bearing双向推力轴承double-direction thrust bearing松边slack-side顺时针clockwise瞬心instantaneous center死点dead point四杆机构four-bar linkage速度velocity速度不均匀( 波动) 系数coefficient of speed fluctuation 速度波动speed fluctuation速度曲线velocity diagram速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity塔轮step pulley踏板pedal台钳、虎钳vice太阳轮sun gear弹性滑动elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器elastic coupling ; flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling 套筒sleeve梯形螺纹acme thread form特殊运动链special kinematic chain特性characteristics替代机构equivalent mechanism调节modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承self-aligning roller bearing调心球轴承self-aligning ball bearing调心轴承self-aligning bearing调速speed governing调速电动机adjustable speed motors调速系统speed control system调压调速variable voltage control调速器regulator, governor铁磁流体密封ferrofluid seal停车阶段stopping phase停歇dwell同步带synchronous belt同步带传动synchronous belt drive凸的，凸面体convex凸轮cam凸轮倒置机构inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构cam , cam mechanism凸轮廓线cam profile凸轮廓线绘制layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线pitch curve凸缘联轴器flange coupling图册、图谱atlas图解法graphical method推程rise推力球轴承thrust ball bearing推力轴承thrust bearing退刀槽tool withdrawal groove退火anneal陀螺仪gyroscopeV 带V belt外力external force外圈outer ring外形尺寸boundary dimension万向联轴器Hooks coupling ; universal coupling外齿轮external gear弯曲应力beading stress弯矩bending moment腕部wrist往复移动reciprocating motion往复式密封reciprocating seal网上设计on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism位移displacement位移曲线displacement diagram位姿pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段steady motion period稳健设计robust design蜗杆worm蜗杆传动机构worm gearing蜗杆头数number of threads蜗杆直径系数diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm cam interval mechanism 蜗杆旋向hands of worm蜗轮worm gear涡圈形盘簧power spring无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices无穷大infinite系杆crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡field balancing向心轴承radial bearing向心力centrifugal force相对速度relative velocity相对运动relative motion相对间隙relative gap象限quadrant橡皮泥plasticine细牙螺纹fine threads销pin消耗consumption小齿轮pinion小径minor diameter橡胶弹簧balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律modified trapezoidal acceleration motion 修正正弦加速度运动规律modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear斜键、钩头楔键taper key泄漏leakage谐波齿轮harmonic gear谐波传动harmonic driving谐波发生器harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴spindle行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置planetary transmission行星轮planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary speed changing devices行星轮系planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism 虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟现实技术virtual reality technology, VRT虚拟现实设计virtual reality design, VRD虚约束redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平衡量allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress; permissible stress悬臂结构cantilever structure悬臂梁cantilever beam循环功率流circulating power load旋转力矩running torque旋转式密封rotating seal旋转运动rotary motion选型type selection压力pressure压力中心center of pressure压缩机compressor压应力compressive stress压力角pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling雅可比矩阵Jacobi matrix摇杆rocker液力传动hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器hydraulic couplers液体弹簧liquid spring液压无级变速hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链generalized kinematic chain移动从动件reciprocating follower移动副prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节prismatic joint移动凸轮wedge cam盈亏功increment or decrement work应力幅stress amplitude应力集中stress concentration应力集中系数factor of stress concentration应力图stress diagram应力—应变图stress-strain diagram优化设计optimal design油杯oil bottle油壶oil can油沟密封oily ditch seal有害阻力useless resistance有益阻力useful resistance有效拉力effective tension有效圆周力effective circle force有害阻力detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion 预紧力preload原动机primer mover圆带round belt圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm圆角半径fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器disc friction clutch圆盘制动器disc brake原动机prime mover原始机构original mechanism圆形齿轮circular gear圆柱滚子cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构barrel (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conoid helical-coil compression spring圆锥滚子tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle原动件driving link约束constraint约束条件constraint condition约束反力constraining force跃度jerk跃度曲线jerk diagram运动倒置kinematic inversion运动方案设计kinematic precept design运动分析kinematic analysis运动副kinematic pair运动构件moving link运动简图kinematic sketch运动链kinematic chain运动失真undercutting运动设计kinematic design运动周期cycle of motion运动综合kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation运动粘度kenematic viscosity载荷load载荷—变形曲线load—deformation curve载荷—变形图load—deformation diagram窄V 带narrow V belt毡圈密封felt ring seal展成法generating张紧力tension张紧轮tension pulley振动vibration振动力矩shaking couple振动频率frequency of vibration振幅amplitude of vibration正切机构tangent mechanism正向运动学direct (forward) kinematics正弦机构sine generator, scotch yoke织布机loom正应力、法向应力normal stress制动器brake直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear直角三角形right triangle直角坐标操作器Cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数diametral quotient直径系列diameter series直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm直线运动linear motion直轴straight shaft质量mass质心center of mass执行构件executive link; working link质径积mass-radius product智能化设计intelligent design, ID中间平面mid-plane中心距center distance中心距变动center distance change中心轮central gear中径mean diameter终止啮合点final contact, end of contact周节pitch周期性速度波动periodic speed fluctuation周转轮系epicyclic gear train肘形机构toggle mechanism轴shaft轴承盖bearing cup轴承合金bearing alloy轴承座bearing block轴承高度bearing height轴承宽度bearing width轴承内径bearing bore diameter轴承寿命bearing life轴承套圈bearing ring轴承外径bearing outside diameter轴颈journal轴瓦、轴承衬bearing bush轴端挡圈shaft end ring轴环shaft collar轴肩shaft shoulder轴角shaft angle轴向axial direction轴向齿廓axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent axial load轴向当量静载荷static equivalent axial load轴向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic axial load rating轴向基本额定静载荷basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承axial contact bearing轴向平面axial plane轴向游隙axial internal clearance轴向载荷axial load轴向载荷系数axial load factor轴向分力axial thrust load主动件driving link主动齿轮driving gear主动带轮driving pulley转动导杆机构whitworth mechanism转动副revolute (turning) pair转速swiveling speed ; rotating speed转动关节revolute joint转轴revolving shaft转子rotor转子平衡balance of rotor装配条件assembly condition锥齿轮bevel gear锥顶common apex of cone锥距cone distance锥轮bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear子程序subroutine子机构sub-mechanism自动化automation自锁self-locking自锁条件condition of self-locking自由度degree of freedom, mobility总重合度total contact ratio总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency; overall efficiency组成原理theory of constitution组合齿形composite tooth form组合安装stack mounting组合机构combined mechanism阻抗力resistance最大盈亏功maximum difference work between plus and minus work 纵向重合度overlap contact ratio纵坐标ordinate组合机构combined mechanism最少齿数minimum teeth number最小向径minimum radius作用力applied force坐标系coordinate frame机械专利翻译词汇三千个Assembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Electric screw driver 电动起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine 热熔机repair 修理operator 作业员QC 品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. Inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department 生产部门planning department 企划部QC Section 品管科stamping factory 冲压厂painting factory 烤漆厂molding factory 成型厂common equipment 常用设备uncoiler and straightener 整平机punching machine 冲床robot 机械手hydraulic machine 油压机lathe 车床planer 刨床miller 铣床grinder 磨床driller 钻床linear cutting 线切割electrical sparkle 电火花welder 电焊机staker=reviting machine 铆合机position 职务president 董事长general manager 总经理special assistant manager 特别助理factory director 厂长department director 部长deputy manager | =vice manager 副经理section supervisor 课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor 副课长group leader/supervisor 组长line supervisor 线长assistant manager 助理to move, to carry, to handle 搬运be put in storage 入库pack packing 包装to apply oil 擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection 终检to connect material 接料to reverse material 翻料wet station 沾湿台Tiana 天那水cleaning cloth 抹布to load material 上料to unload material 卸料to return material/stock to 退料scraped |'skræpid| 报废scrape 刮;削deficient purchase 来料不良manufacture procedure 制造过程deficient manufacturing procedur 制造过程不良oxidation 氧化scratch 刮伤dents 压痕defective upsiding down 抽芽不良defective to staking 铆合不良embedded lump 镶块feeding is not in place 送料不到位stamping-missing 漏冲production capacity 生产力education and training 教育与训练proposal improvement 提案改善spare parts=buffer 备件forklift 叉车。

负载均衡load balance的英文缩写Title: Load Balance (LB): The Cornerstone of Efficient Resource ManagementIntroductionIn the realm ofputing and networking, one term that frequently crops up is "Load Balance" or LB for short. This concept plays a pivotal role in optimizing resource utilization, enhancing system performance, and ensuring fault tolerance. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of load balancing, its significance, and how it contributes to efficient resource management.What is Load Balancing?Load balancing refers to the methodical distribution of network traffic across multiple servers to optimize resource utilization, enhance responsiveness, and avoid overloading any single server. It is an essentialponent of fault-tolerant systems as it ensures that no single point of failure exists.The Importance of Load BalancingThe importance of load balancing can be summed up in three main points:1. Improved Performance: By distributing the workload evenly across multiple servers, each server operates within its optimal capacity, leading to better overall system performance.2. Enhanced Availability: If one server fails or needs maintenance, the load balancer redirects traffic to other available servers, thereby ensuring continuous service availability.3. Scalability: As the demand for services increases, new servers can be added to the system without disrupting existing services. This allows for easy expansion and scalability of the system.How does Load Balancing Work?Load balancing typically involves the use of a software or hardware device called a load balancer. The load balancer acts as a traffic cop, directing client requests to the various backend servers based on certain predefined algorithms and policies. These algorithms may consider factors such as server availability, server load, geographic location, or specific application requirements.Types of Load Balancing AlgorithmsThere are several types of load balancing algorithms, including:1. Round Robin: Each iing request is assigned to the next available server in a rotation.2. Least Connections: New requests are sent to the server with the fewest active connections.3. IP Hash: A hash function is used to determine which server should handle a request based on the client's IP address.4. Weighted Algorithms: Servers are assigned weights based on their processing power or capacity, and requests are distributed accordingly.ConclusionLoad balancing (LB) is a crucial aspect of modernputing and networking infrastructure. Its ability to distribute workloads efficiently, ensure high availability, and facilitate scalability makes it an indispensable tool for managing resources effectively. Understanding the concepts and mechanisms behind load balancing can help organizations make informed decisions about their IT infrastructure and improve the overall user experience.。