第三册08中考题

成都市二00八年高中阶段教育学校统一招生考试试卷( 含成都市初三毕业会考 )语文全卷分A卷和B卷，A卷满分100分，B卷满分50分；考试时间120分钟。

A卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，第Ⅰ卷为选择题，第Ⅱ卷为其他类型的题。

A 卷 ( 共 100 分 )第 I 卷 ( 选择题共 16 分 )注意事项:1. 第I卷共2页,答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在试卷和答题卡上。

考试结束后,监考人员将试卷和答题卡一并收回。

第I卷各题均有四个选项,只有一项符合题目要求。

每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,不能答在试卷上。

请注意机读答题卡的横竖格式。

一、基础知识(10分,每小题2分)1.下面语句中加点字的注音有误的一项是A.人类的智慧与大自然的智慧相比实在是相形见绌．（zhuō）,无论是令人厌恶．(wù)的苍蝇蚊子,还是美丽可人的鲜花绿草,都是大自然精巧绝伦的艺术品。

B.我常常把手放在大地上,我会感到她在跳跃．（yuè）,和我的心的跳跃是一样的, 它们的热血一直在流,在热情的默契．(qì)里它们彼此呼唤,终有一天它们要汇合在一起。

C.这是某种令人惊骇．(hài)而不知名的杰作,在不可名状的晨曦．(xī)中依稀可见,宛如在欧洲文明的地平线上瞥见的亚洲文明的剪影。

D.峰环水抱的萨尔茨堡,高高低低的房屋鳞次栉．(zhì)比,庄严肃．(sù)穆的修道院坐落在绿树浓阴中。

2.下面语句中书写准确无误的一项是A. 黄土高原啊,只有你,才能承受如此惊心动魄的博击!B. 因为我听到海依然在远方为我喧腾——那雪白的海潮啊,夜夜奔来一次次漫湿了枯干的心灵。

C. 读书的要决,全在于会意。

对于这一点,陶渊明尤其有独到的见解。

D. 不管扔进去什么东西,这个慷概大方的洞全部一视同仁,照收不误。

3.依次填入下列句子横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是①那时候,他已经诗兴不作而研究志趣正浓。

北京市2008年初中毕业学业考试英语(新课标卷)第1卷(共70分)一、听力部分，选择与对话内容相符的图片，将代表图片的字母填写在相应序号后的括号内。

每段~两遍(共6分，每小题1分)请看第一组的四幅图片。

听三段对话，完成第l至第3小题。

请看第二组的四幅图片。

听三段对话，完成第4至第6小题。

二、听对话和独自，根据对话和独白的内容，选择正确答案，每段对话或独自读两遍。

(共12分，每小题1．5分)现在请听一段对话，完成第7至第8小题。

7. What does the woman want?A. Apples.B. Coats.C. Books.8. How much does the woman pay?A. $2.B. $4.C. $8.现在请听一段对话，完成第9至第11小题。

9. Where did the girl go last night?A. To a schoolB. To a hospital.C. To a restaurant.10. What does the girl think of math?A. Interesting.B. DifficultC. Popular.11. Who will help the girl?A. The doctorB. The boy.C. The teacher.现在请听一段独白，完成第12至第14小题。

12. What is Mike doing?A. Having a competition with the visitorsB. leading a conversation about the visit.C. Making an introduction to the visit.13. When will they take the tour？A. Before class.B. In classC. After class.14. How many places are included in the tour?A. ThereB. FourC. Five.三、单项填空(共18分，每小题1分)从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

深圳市2008年初中毕业生学业考试语文试卷说明： 1．全卷分二部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题，共4页。

考试时间100分钟，满分100分。

2．本卷试题，考生必须在答题卡上按规定作答；凡在试卷、草稿纸上作答的，其答案一律无效。

答题卡必须保持清洁，不能折叠。

3．答题前，请将姓名、考生号、考场、试室号和座位号用规定的笔写在答题卡指定的位置上，将条形码粘贴好。

4．本卷选择题1-5，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡选择题答题区内对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再涂选其它答案；非选择题6-19，答案必须用规定的笔，按作答题目序号，写在答题卡非选择题答题区内，作文写在非选择题区的作文格内。

5．考试结束，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分选择题（1—5题）一、语言技能考查（15分）1．请选出下列词语中加点字的读音和字形没有错误．．．．的一组（3分）A．咫．尺(zhǐ) 炽．痛(zhì) 抽噎．(yì)囊．萤映雪(nán g)B．讪．笑(xiān) 绯．红(fēi) 造旨．(yì) 颔．首低眉(hàn)C．禀．告(bǐn g) 璀．璨(cuǐ) 煞．白(shà) 迥．乎不同(jiǒn g)D．缄．默(xián) 收敛．(jiǎn) 祈．祷(qí) 不言而瑜．(yù)2．请选出下列句子中加点词语运用有误．．的一句（3分）A．在乌云和大海之间，海燕像黑色的闪电，在高傲．．地飞翔。

B．我们阅读名著不仅．．能获得人生的启迪。

．．能得到艺术的享受，而且C．5月8日，深圳的大街小巷，人头攒动，大家望眼欲穿．．．．，期盼着奥运圣火到来。

D．学校宣传栏里贴了一张寻物启示．．。

3．请选出下列句子中没．有．语病的一句（3分）A．在“大运会”的筹备会上，各相关部门交换了广泛意见。

B．郎铮艰难地举起右手，向解放军叔叔敬了一个标准的少先队队礼。

盐城市二○○八年高中阶段教育招生统一考试英 语 试 题（ 样 卷 ）第Ⅰ卷 (选择题,共85分)一、 听力（共25小题, 计30分。

其中第1至20小题每题1分，第21至25小题每题2分）A ．听下列四个句子，选出与所听句子意思相符的图画，并将其字母标号填入相应题号后的横线上。

每个句子读两遍。

A B C D1.______2._______3._______4.________B.听下面几段对话，每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段对话读两遍。

听第1段材料，回答第5-7小题。

5. What holiday is it probably?A. May Day holiday.B. Christmas Day.C. National Day Holiday.6. Where is the boy during the holiday?A. To go to another city.B. To go abroad.C. To stay home.7. What is the boy going to do?A. To travel.B. To study English.C. To do sports.听第2段材料，回答第8-10小题。

8. What colour does the boy like best?A. Orange.B. Green.C. All kinds of colours.9. Why does the girl like orange best?A. It’s the colour of nature.B. It represents growth.C. It can bring her success.10. What is the girl?A. A teacher.B. A student.C. A doctor.听第3段材料，回答第11-13小题。

2008年广东省初中毕业生学业考题英语说明：1．全卷共10页，考题用时90分钟(其中听力考题约15分钟)，满分为120分中听力部分30分)。

2．答题前考生必须将自己的姓名、准考证号按要求填写在密封线左边的空格内，并将姓名和准考证号写、涂在答题卡指定位置上。

3．试卷分试题和答卷，4个选项以下(含4个选项)的选择题解答在答题卡上作答超过4个选项的选择题和非选择题的解答在答卷上作答，写在试题上的解答无效4．使用答题卡作答，必须用规定的铅笔将答题卡上对应的小题所选的选项涂黑。

5．非选择题须用黑色或蓝色字迹的钢笔、圆珠笔按各题要求答在答卷上，不能用铅笔和红笔。

6．考题结束时，将试题、答卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、听力理解(本大题分为A、B、C、D四部分，共25小题，25分)A、听句子(本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分)B、听对话(本题有10小题，每小题1分，共l0分)C、听短文(本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分)D、听填信息(本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分)。

请将解答写在答卷相应题目的答题位置上。

本题听两遍。

二、单项填空(本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳解答，将其字母编号填写在答卷相应题目的答题位置上。

若用答题卡答题，则将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。

26．youngest leader in China is man called Lu Hao．A．The；a B．A；the C．A；a D．An；all27．一John，is Henry your twin brother?—Oh，yes．He is twenty minutes than me．A．heavier B．elder C．taller D．older28．一Is that dog?—No．is white．A．his；His B．her；Itis C．he；His D．her；Her29．The old man began to learn to drive a car at the age of ．A．sixty B．the sixtiethC．sixty years old D．sixties30．I hear that he will be back two weeks’time．A．at B．in C．after D．for31．一I’m afraid I can’t go to the party tomorrow一you told me you would．What’s happened?A．And B．So C．Or D．But32．It takes more time to go there by ship than by bus．It’s by train of the three．A．faster B．the fastest C．fast D．much fast33．mothers both work in the same hospital．A．Tim and Peter’s B Tim’s and Peter C．Tim’s and Peter’s D．Tim and Peter 34．一do you send an e－mail to your cousin?—Sometimes．A．How long B．How much C．How often D．How soon35．一Don’t kick balls on the road，boys!A．We will B．We shall C．We won’t D．We aren’t36．It’s raining heavily．We have to the sports meetA．put off B．join in C．hold on D．take part in37．I don’t think Ken did s uch a stupid thing，？A．do I B．did I C．did he D．does he38．一Jackson，I haven’t seen you these days．—I for the coming English test．A．am preparing B．will prepare C．prepare D．have prepared 39．一you your dictionary?—No．So I have to buy a new one today．A．Did；find B．Have；foundC．Are；finding D．Had；found40．More than two schools in the citv next year．A．are built B．were builtC．have built D．will be built41．Doctor Wang often asks us too much meat．A．don’t eat B．not eat C．not to eat D．doesn’t eat 42．Both Jim and Kate in Beijing now．They both from America．A．is；come B．are；comeC．is；comes D．are；comes43．Tim will call me as soon as he my package．A．receive B．will receive C．received D．receives44．—We don’t know．—It is said that he was born in Canada．A．what heis B．when he was bornC．where he comes from D．if he lives here45．I have bought the camera was advertised on TV．A．what B．why C．which D．who三、完形填空(本大题有10小题。

成都市二〇〇八年高中阶段教育学校统一招生考试试卷(含成都市初三毕业会考)物理全卷分A 卷和B 卷，A 卷满分90 分，B 卷满分20 分，全卷共110 分；考试时间90 分钟。

A 卷( 共90 分)第1 卷( 选择题，共28 分)注意事项：1. 第1 卷共2 页。

答第I 卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在试卷和答题卡上。

考试结束，监考员将试卷和答题卡一并收回。

2. 第I 卷全是选择题，各题均有四个选项，只有一项符合题目要求。

每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，不能答在试卷上。

请注意机读答题卡的横竖格式。

一、单项选择面( 每小题2 分，共28 分)1．在抗震救灾中，为了将救援人员和救援物资及时地运送到灾区，使用到了多种运输工具，下列运输工具正常行驶时，速度最大的是（）A．列车B．大卡车C．大型客机D．冲锋舟2．烧开水时壶口要冒出“白气”，“白气”的构成是（）A．水蒸气B．水蒸气凝华形成的小冰晶C．水蒸气液化形成的小水珠 D．小水珠和小冰晶的混合体3．下列关于电磁铁和磁感线的说法中，正确的是（）A．电磁铁的磁性有无和磁性强弱可以改变 B．电磁铁能永久性地保持磁性C．磁感线是真实存在的 D．磁体外部的磁感线总是从S极出发，回到N极4．下列说法中，正确的是（）A．开关必须接在电源正极和用电器之间才能控制用电器B．所有电源都是把化学能转化为电能的装置C．不能把电压表直接接到电源两端D．不能把电流表与被测用电器并联5．图2所示的简单工具在使用过程中，不能省力的是（）6．图3所示现象中，应该用光的折射来解释的是（）7．小王同学分析了四个常见事例中的能量转化，其中正确的是（）A．在汽油机的做功冲程中，内能转化为机械能B．电风扇正常工作过程中，电能主要转化为内能C．电热水器工作过程中，内能转化为电能D．跳水运动员在空中下落的过程中，动能转化为重力势能8．对下列常见现象的解释．正确的是（）A．物体热胀冷缩，是因为分子的大小随温度的变化而改变B．破镜难圆，是因为分子间有排斥力C．花香四溢，是因为分子在不停地运动D．水往低处流，是因为分子在不停地运动9．半导体材料有着广泛的应用，下列物体中不需要应用半导体材料的是（）A．输电线B．手机C．电脑D．电视机10．图4中利用了超声波的是（）11．原子结构与下列事物结构最相似的是（）A．蛋糕B．面包C．地球D．太阳系12．为控制大气污染，下列措施目前不可行的是（）A．尽量用天然气代替煤作城市居民生活用的燃料 B．开发和使用新能源C．改进消烟和除尘装置，提高其性能 D．禁止使用石油资源13．关于现代通信和电磁波，下列叙述正确的是（）A．光纤通信传输的信息量很大，主要用于无线电广播B．卫星通信利用人造卫星作为中继站进行通信C．电磁波的应用对人类有利无害D．电磁波不能在真空中传播14．下列数据符合实际的是（）A．水的比热容为4．2J／（kg·℃） B．在一个标准大气压下，水的沸点为100℃C．汽油的热值为4．6×l02J／kg D．柴油机的效率可以达到99％二、填空题（每空2分，共32分）15．图5甲、乙中的情景表示了力的作用效果，其中图_______主要表示力能使物体的运动状态发生改变；图_______主要表示力能使物体发生形变。

08年常州中考语文试卷及答案-圣火传递，汶川地震，震h n着世界，也猛烈撞击着青年人的灵魂。

中国以国家之大、f 员之广，在发展和ju 起的过程中，总是会不断出现一些重要的guǎi点。

这些重大事件的曲折起伏，大多牵涉民族感情、国家尊严或外交关系，使年轻人迅速选择自己的立场，确立自身的观点，从而在更长远的g 局意义上，形成一代中国人对世界的看法和姿态。

（摘自《参考消息汶川，世界和你在一起》2008年5月27日）2．默写。

（6分，答案不能重复）（1）我寄愁心与明月，。

，柳暗花明又一村。

（2）雨，是古典诗词中出现频率最高的意象之一。

请写出古诗词中借雨抒情的2个句子：（3）写出与高度决定视野，角度改变观念的哲理意蕴基本吻合的2句古诗（扣住1句即可）：A．高衙内一心霸占林冲的妻子，高俅助子为孽，用陆谦奸计，引诱林冲携宝刀进入白虎堂，然后以擅闯军机重地、图谋行刺为由，将林冲发配沧州。

B．武松回乡探兄，途中路过阳谷县景阳冈，连喝了十八碗三碗不过冈，独自一人上山，借酒劲，仅凭双拳和断棒打死猛虎，一时轰动了整个县城。

阳谷知县欣赏他，留他做了步兵都头。

C．宋江和林冲率梁山众英雄在忠义堂排定座次，智多星吴用、神行太保花荣、立地太岁阮小二、小李广戴宗等一百零八条好汉，依据所长，各就其位。

D．梁山泊好汉连战连捷，被活捉的高俅答应请朝廷前来招安。

宿太尉奏明情况，皇帝大怒，将几个奸臣痛骂一顿。

经过一番周折，宋江率军迎战辽军，走上了为朝廷出力的道路。

（二）运用（共10分）4．下面是某位同学的作文片段，请根据文后要求，用规定的符号在原文上直接修改。

（4分）①为了开好运动会，学校组织了有意义的一次除草活动。

②中午，我早早地来到学校，和同学们尽情地玩耍起来。

③没想到：学校分给我们班是那块长着许多带刺植物的地方。

④男生用铁锹将根铲断，我们女生便将它们拖到垃圾堆。

⑤一不小心，手臂被小毛刺扎了一下，疼得我差点叫出声来。

⑥看到同学们个个精疲力竭，疲惫不堪，我便忍痛苦干起来。

深圳市2008年中考英语试卷第一部分选择题（70分）II. 选择填空（15分）（）21．—Are you good at playing basketball or playing piano?—Both.A. a, aB. the, theC. the, /D. /, the（）22. —This is my new e-dictionary.—Wow! I like very much. I’ll ask my mum to buy .A. it, one for meB. it, one to meC. one, it for meD. one, it to me（）23. —Can you your camera to me, Mike?—Sorry. I it at home.A. borrow, leftB. borrow, forgotC. lend, forgotD. lend, left（）24. —Look! There lots of traffic in this city.—we should be careful when we cross the streets.A. is, ButB. are, ButC. is, SoD. are, Or（）25. —Can I go fishing with you, Dad?—No, you . You stay at home and do your homework first.A. wo n’t, mayB. can’t, mustC. shouldn’t, oughtD. needn’t, should（）26. —will you travel to Shanghai?—In a month.A. How farB. How oftenC. How soonD. How long（）27. —What did you see just now?—I saw two doctors out of the house.A. woman, comeB. woman, cameC. women, comingD. women, to come （）28. —Sometimes children hardly understand their parents, ?—No, they . I think they should try to understand their parents.A. don’t they, don’tB. don’t they, doC. do they, doD. do they, don’t（）29. —The model plane is so cute. Whose is it?It’s .He made it .A. Jack’s, itselfB. Jack’s, himselfC. Jack, himselfD. Jack, itself （）30. —Do you still remember the snow storm last winter?—Sure. People from going home during that time.A. One hundred, stoppedB. Ten hundreds of, were stoppedC. Hundreds, stoppedD. Hundreds of, were stopped（）31. —The teacher looked at her students when they were saved.—We also felt for them.A. happily, happyB. happy, happilyC. happy, happyD. happily, happily（）32. —good news it is! The pandas are found alive after the earthquake. —It’s so.A. What a , excitedB. What, excitingC. How a , excitedD. How, exciting（）33. —Is Cindy at home?—No, she the library. She there a moment ago.A. has gone to, wentB. has gone to, has beenC. has been to, wentD. has been to, has gone（）34. —plastic bags we use, it will be to the environment.—I agree you.A. The less, the better, withB. The fewer, the better, withC. The less, the worse, toD. The fewer, the worse, to（）35. Which of the following is true?A. Could you tell me what is the matter with himB. Do you know where does Elizabeth live?C. I’ve got no idea how to do with it.D. There are many people read in the library.III.完形填空（10分）The organizing committee of the 2011 Universiade(2011大运会组委会) has collected 36 slogans(口号) from the public(公众)in the past few months. Now the committee are busy 37 the slogans in order to choose one for the 2011 Universiade.“Start here” is one of the slogans. It 38 an amazing story of Shenzhen, a young and 39 city. China has a history of 40 5,000 years while the city of Shenzhen has a very short history. People 41 Shenzhen a city with 42 history or culture. However, 43 that, the city is always open to all kinds of cultures. It welcomes people from different parts of China and from 44 countries. They bring in different cultures. And Shenzhen is always ready to accept them. So in only thirty years it has grown into a big modern city from a small village. Yet, it is not the end. Every day is a new start to Shenzhen.“Start here” also leaves45 for pe ople to have their own understanding of the word “here”.“Start here” means a lot. We hope it can be chosen as the slogan for the 2011 Universiade.（）36. A. much B. many C. a lot D. a little（）37. A. studying B. writing C. looking D. making（）38. A. says B. talks C. tells D. speaks（）39. A. alone B. alive C. lonely D. lively（）40. A. over than B. much than C. more than D. less than（）41. A. used to thinking B. were used to think C. use to think D. used to think（）42. A. no B. not C. any D. many（）43. A. because B. because of C. though D. even if（）44. A. another B. others C. the others D. other（）45. A. room B. a room C. sky D. a skyIV.阅读理解（20分）AIt was the day of the “free movie”. The local newspaper advertised the good news, so there was a long line in front of the cinema before 7:30pm, the cinema’s opening time.At 7:25pm, a small man pushed his way to the front of the line, but he was pushed back by people around. Three minutes later, the man tried again. People shouted at him. And once again they pushed him back to the end of the line. This time he got angry and shouted loudly, “That does it! If you don’t allow me to go to the front, I won’t open the cinema!”（）46. Why were there so many people in front of the cinema?A. Because there was a movie on.B. Because there was a free movie.C. Because the cinema opened too late.D. Because people liked to push the man for fun. （）47. From the passage we know that the man was pushed to the end of the line .A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four times（）48. The time to open the cinema was .A. 7:00pmB. 7:25pmC. 7:28pmD. 7:30pm（）49. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The man wanted to get into the cinema first.B. The man was probably a worker of the cinema.C. People were angry because the newspaper fooled them.D. The man wanted to drive all the people away from the cinema.（）50. “That does it!” means ““.A. That’s enough! I can’t bear it!B. All right! You do it!C. Yes! That’s the right thing to do!D. That’s true!BIt’s not true any more that only old women knit(编织),Knitting has now become a fashionable hobby among women in their 20s and 30s and even among teenagers. Young women can be seen knitting in coffee shops, hairdressers, bookstores, and at bus stops. Famous movie stars like Madonna, Julia Roberts and Cameron Diaz all knit. They knit scarves, hats, socks, sweaters and even wedding dresses.Knitting is called the “new yoga”. It is very relaxing and is the perfect hobby for people who live a busy stressful(紧张的) life. It slows down their heart and lowers their blood pressure. Susan Blomster, a 24-year-old secretary from New York, says, “When I come home from work, I am stressed almost every day. But after 30 to 45 minutes of knitting, I’m totally relaxed.” Ma ria Carter, a 31-year-old fashion designer from California, always knits through her lunch break. “It helps me clear my head,” she says.（）51. What has changed about knitting?A. More women than men are knitting.B. More men than women are knitting.C. Old women have stopped knitting.D. Young women have started knitting.（）52. Why is knitting called the “new yoga”?A. Because mainly men do it.B. Because it relaxes your body and mind.C. Because it comes from India.D. Because it can shape your body.（）53. When does Susan Blomster knit?A. While she is working.B. On her way home from work.C. After she gets home from work.D. Before she goes to work.（）54. From the passage we know Maria Carter knits at lunchtime because .A. it helps her work well in the afternoonB. she loves knitting so muchC. she has no time to do it laterD. she is bored（）55. Which of the statements is true?A. Knitting clean people’s hair, so it’s very helpful.B. Knitting is only popular with young women.C. People often knit 30 to 45 minutes after work.D. Susan Blomster is stressed almost every day when she gets home.CEverybody hates rats. But rats may soon be man’s new good friend.What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal. This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark, they are cheaper and quicker t o train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!The “rat project” is not finished, but a scientist says, “It would be great. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the fir st time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course).（）56. Where do you think you can find this passage.A. In a magazine about toys.B. In a history book.C. In a newspaper about science.D. In an advertisement.（）57. In the writer’s opinion, rats may become man’s new friend because .A. they can be food for peopleB. they are lovelyC. they can completely replace man’s rescue jobsD. they can tell the location of the living people who are trapped in the building（）58. In what way do rats act as rescuers?A. By screaming.B. By smelling.C. By watching.D. By feeling.（）59. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Rats don’t need electricity.B. Rats are better than robots when smelling.C. Rats are as clever as radios.D. Rats can see things in the dark when doing rescues.（）60. Why does the “rat project” sound great according to the passage?A. Because rats can get into very small spaces.B. Because rats have better noses than dogs.C. Because rats don’t like robots.D. Because rats are brave.（）61. Which is the best title of this passage?A. Ways of saving peopleB. RatsC. EarthquakeD. Rats for rescueDThe city will start a new plan charging(向……收费)companies according to how much industrial(工业的)waste they produce. The public have been invited to give their suggestions on the new plan.If transports(运输)companies without licenses deal with industrial waste, they will face a fine of up to 20,000 yuan. If transport companies with licenses leak(泄露)waste during the transportation, they will be fined between 1,000 and 5,000 yuan.Individuals who mix industrial waste with daily rubbish will face a fine of 200 yuan. Companies that give away industrial waste on roads, bridges, river banks, and greenery belts will face fines from 3,000 to 10,000 yuan, according to the new plan.The plan says the money collected from companies will be spent on research into recycling(回收利用)waste. It also encourages companies to use new ways to turn waste into useful products.The city will produce around 10 million tons of industrial waste every year during the 11th five-year program period(2007-2012)and the waste will take up 67,000 hectares of land.（）62. How much money collected from companies will be spent on research into recycling waste?A. 20,000 yuan.B. From 3,000 to 10,000 yuan.C. 39,000 yuan.D. The passage doesn’t say.（）63. What are companies encouraged to do?A. To turn waste into useful things.B. To leak waste when transporting waste.C. To mix industrial waste with daily waste.D. To be fined.（）64. From the passage we can see .A. people like the new planB. the money will be given to poor areasC. the new plan has been put into useD. we are producing much waste（）65. The passage is mainly about .A. the companiesB. the industrial wasteC. the waste charge planD. the way of transporting waste第二部分非选择题（20分）V．解释句子（10分）根据自己的理解，用已学过的英语解释下列句子．（共5小题，每小题2分）66. What’s your age?67. It is raining cats and dogs.68. He is the cleverest in his class.69. Are students keen on computer games?70. It is two weeks since he left LondonVI. 书面表达（10分）必须将答案写在答题卡背面非选择题答题区相应的序号内．（共1题）71．假如你是Carl,是一位初三（3）班的学生，即将结束初中阶段的学习生活．请你用英文给你的老师写一封信，表示感谢和祝福．要求：(1) 可以列举事例；(2)条理清楚，连贯，语句通顺，标点正确；(3)信中不得出现真实的校名和姓名(4)60-80个字。

2008考研数学三真题及答案一、选择题：1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内.（1）设函数()f x 在区间[1,1]-上连续，则0x =是函数0()()xf t dtg x x=⎰的（ ）()A 跳跃间断点. ()B 可去间断点.()C 无穷间断点.()D 振荡间断点.（2）曲线段方程为()y f x =，函数()f x 在区间[0,]a 上有连续的导数，则定积分()at af x dx ⎰等于（ ）()A 曲边梯形ABCD 面积.()B 梯形ABCD 面积.()C 曲边三角形ACD 面积.()D 三角形ACD 面积.（3）已知(,)f x y =，则（A ）(0,0)x f '，(0,0)y f '都存在 （B ）(0,0)x f '不存在，(0,0)y f '存在 （C ）(0,0)x f '不存在，(0,0)y f '不存在 （D ）(0,0)x f '，(0,0)y f '都不存在 （4）设函数f连续，若22(,)uvD f u v =，其中uv D 为图中阴影部分，则Fu∂=∂（ ）（A ）2()vf u （B ）2()v f u u（C ）()vf u （D ）()vf u u（5）设A 为阶非0矩阵E 为阶单位矩阵若30A =，则（ ）()A E A -不可逆，E A +不可逆.()B E A -不可逆，E A +可逆.()C E A -可逆，E A +可逆.()D E A -可逆，E A +不可逆.（6）设1221A ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭则在实数域上域与A 合同矩阵为（ ）()A 2112-⎛⎫ ⎪-⎝⎭.()B 2112-⎛⎫ ⎪-⎝⎭.()C 2112⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭.()D 1221-⎛⎫⎪-⎝⎭.（7）随机变量,X Y 独立同分布且X 分布函数为()F x ，则{}max ,Z X Y =分布函数为（ ）()A ()2F x .()B ()()F x F y .()C ()211F x --⎡⎤⎣⎦.()D ()()11F x F y --⎡⎤⎡⎤⎣⎦⎣⎦.（8）随机变量()~0,1X N ，()~1,4Y N 且相关系数1XY ρ=，则（ ）()A {}211P Y X =--=.()B {}211P Y X =-=. ()C {}211P Y X =-+=.()D {}211P Y X =+=.二、填空题：9-14小题，每小题4分，共24分，请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上.（9）设函数21,()2,x x cf x x c x ⎧+≤⎪=⎨>⎪⎩在(,)-∞+∞内连续，则c = .（10）设341()1x x f x x x ++=+，则2()______f x dx =⎰.（11）设22{(,)1}D x y x y =+≤，则2()Dxy dxdy -=⎰⎰ .（12）微分方程0xy y '+=满足条件(1)1y =的解y = .（13）设3阶矩阵A 的特征值为1，2，2，E 为3阶单位矩阵，则14_____A E --=. （14）设随机变量X 服从参数为1的泊松分布，则{}2P X EX == . 三、解答题：15－23小题，共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15) （本题满分10分）求极限201sin limln x x x x→. (16) （本题满分10分）设(,)z z x y =是由方程()22x y z x y z ϕ+-=++所确定的函数，其中ϕ具有2阶导数且1ϕ'≠-时.（1）求dz（2）记()1,z z u x y x y x y ⎛⎫∂∂=- ⎪-∂∂⎝⎭，求u x ∂∂. (17) （本题满分11分）计算max(,1),Dxy dxdy ⎰⎰其中{(,)02,02}D x y x y =≤≤≤≤.(18) （本题满分10分）设()f x 是周期为2的连续函数， （1）证明对任意实数t ，有()()22t tf x dx f x dx +=⎰⎰；（2）证明()()()202xt t G x f t f s ds dt +⎡⎤=-⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰是周期为2的周期函数． (19) （本题满分10分）设银行存款的年利率为0.05r =，并依年复利计算，某基金会希望通过存款A 万元，实现第一年提取19万元，第二年提取28万元，…，第n 年提取（10+9n ）万元，并能按此规律一直提取下去，问A 至少应为多少万元？ (20) （本题满分12分）设矩阵2221212n na a a A a a ⨯⎛⎫⎪⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭OO O ，现矩阵A 满足方程AX B =，其中()1,,Tn X x x =L ，()1,0,,0B =L ，（1）求证()1nA n a =+;（2）a 为何值，方程组有唯一解; （3）a 为何值，方程组有无穷多解. （21）（本题满分10分）设A 为3阶矩阵，12,a a 为A 的分别属于特征值1,1-特征向量，向量3a 满足323Aa a a =+，证明（1）123,,a a a 线性无关；（2）令()123,,P a a a =，求1P AP -.（22）（本题满分11分）设随机变量X 与Y 相互独立，X 的概率分布为{}()11,0,13P X i i ===-，Y 的概率密度为()1010Y y f y ≤≤⎧=⎨⎩其它，记Z X Y =+（1）求102P Z X ⎧⎫≤=⎨⎬⎩⎭； （2）求Z 的概率密度．（23） （本题满分11分）12,,,n X X X L 是总体为2(,)N μσ的简单随机样本.记11ni i X X n ==∑，2211()1n ii S X X n ==--∑，221T X S n =-. （1）证 T 是2μ的无偏估计量. （2）当0,1μσ==时 ，求DT . 参考答案 一、选择题 (1)【答案】B【详解】 ()()0()lim ()limlim 0xx x x f t dt g x f x f x→→→===⎰，所以0x =是函数()g x 的可去间断点． (2)【答案】C 【详解】00()()()()()()aa a aaxf x dx xdf x xf x f x dx af a f x dx '==-=-⎰⎰⎰⎰其中()af a 是矩形ABOC 面积，0()af x dx ⎰为曲边梯形ABOD 的面积，所以0()axf x dx '⎰为曲边三角形的面积．(3)【答案】B【详解】000(,0)(0,0)11(0,0)limlim lim 0xx x x x f x f e f x xx→→→---'===- 0011lim lim 1xx x x e e x x ++→→--==，0011lim lim 1xx x x e e x x---→→--==- 故(0,0)x f '不存在．220000(0,)(0,0)11(0,0)lim limlim lim 00y y y y y y f y f e y f y yyy →→→→---'=====-所以(0,0)y f '存在．故选B . (4)【答案】A【详解】用极坐标得 ()222()2011,()vu uf r r Df u v F u v dv rdr v f r dr +===⎰⎰⎰所以()2Fvf u u∂=∂. (5)【答案】C【详解】23()()E A E A A E A E -++=-=，23()()E A E A A E A E +-+=+=. 故,E A E A -+均可逆． (6)【答案】D 【详解】记1221D -⎛⎫=⎪-⎝⎭，则()2121421E D λλλλ--==---， 又()2121421E A λλλλ---==----，所以A 和D 有相同的特征多项式，所以A 和D 有相同的特征值.又A 和D 为同阶实对称矩阵，所以A 和D 相似．由于实对称矩阵相似必合同，故D 正确.(7)【答案】A【详解】()(){}{}()()()()()2max ,Z Z Z Z F z P Z z P X Y z P X z P Y z F z F z F z =≤=≤=≤≤==.(8)【答案】D【详解】 用排除法. 设Y aX b =+，由1XY ρ=，知道,X Y 正相关，得0a >，排除()A 、()C 由~(0,1),~(1,4)X N Y N ，得0,1,EX EY ==所以 ()()E Y E aX b aEX b =+=+01,a b =⨯+= 所以1b =. 排除()B . 故选择()D .二、填空题 (9)【答案】1【详解】由题设知||0c x ≥≥，所以22,()1,2,x x c f x x c x c x x c >⎧⎪=+-≤≤⎨⎪-<-⎩因为 ()22lim lim(1)1x cx cf x x c --→→=+=+，()22lim lim x cx cf x x c++→→== 又因为()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内连续，()f x 必在x c =处连续所以 ()()lim lim ()x c x cf x f x f c +-→→==，即2211c c c+=⇒=. (10)【答案】1ln 32【详解】222111112x xx x f x x x x x x ++⎛⎫+== ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫++- ⎪⎝⎭，令1t x x =+，得()22t f t t =- 所以()()()22222111ln 2ln 6ln 2ln 32222x f x dx dx x x ==-=-=-⎰⎰. (11)【答案】4π【详解】()22221()2DDDx y dxdy x dxdy x y dxdy -=+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰利用函数奇偶性 21200124d r rdr ππθ==⎰⎰. (12)【答案】1y x=【详解】由dy y dx x -=，两端积分得1ln ln y x C -=+，所以1x C y=+，又(1)1y =，所以1y x=. (13)【答案】3【详解】A 的特征值为1,2,2，所以1A -的特征值为1,12,12，所以14A E --的特征值为4113⨯-=，41211⨯-=，41211⨯-=所以143113B E --=⨯⨯=. (14)【答案】112e - 【详解】由22()DX EX EX =-，得22()EX DX EX =+，又因为X 服从参数为1的泊松分布，所以1DX EX ==，所以2112EX =+=，所以 {}21111222P X e e --===！.三、解答题(15) 【详解】 方法一：22001sin 1sin limln lim ln 11x x x x x x x x →→⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭32000sin cos 1sin 1limlim lim 366x x x x x x x x x x →→→--===-=-方法二：2230001sin cos sin cos sin lim ln lim lim 2sin 2x x x x x x x x x xx x x x x→→→--=洛必达法则 20sin 1lim 66x x x x →-=-洛必达法则 (16) 【详解】(I) ()()22xdx ydy dz x y z dx dy dz ϕ'+-=++⋅++()()()122dz x dx y dy ϕϕϕ'''⇒+=-++-+()()221x dx y dydz ϕϕϕ''-++-+⇒='+()1ϕ'≠-Q(II) 由上一问可知22,11z x z yx y ϕϕϕϕ''∂-+∂-+==''∂+∂+，所以 ()11221222,()()1111z z x y y x u x y x y x y x y x y ϕϕϕϕϕϕ''∂∂-+-+-+=-=-=⋅=''''-∂∂-++-++ 所以()()()()223322(1)2(1)2(12)2(12)11111x z u x x x x ϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕϕ'-∂''+''-+'''''''∂++-++∂==-=-=-∂''''++++. (17) 【详解】 曲线1xy =将区域分成两 个区域1D 和23D D +，为了便于计算继续对 区域分割，最后为()max ,1Dxy dxdy ⎰⎰123D D D xydxdy dxdy dxdy =++⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰112222211102211x xdx dy dx dy dx xydy =++⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰1512ln 2ln 24=++- 19ln 24=+ (18) 【详解】方法一：(I) 由积分的性质知对任意的实数t ，()()()()20222t t ttf x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx ++=++⎰⎰⎰⎰令2x u =+，则()()()()222t t t tf x dx f u du f u du f x dx +=+==-⎰⎰⎰⎰所以()()()()()222t tttf x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx +=+-=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰(II) 由(1)知，对任意的t 有()()222t f x dx f x dx +=⎰⎰，记()2a f x dx =⎰，则()0()2xG x f u du ax =-⎰. 所以，对任意的x ，()()2(2)()2(2)2x xG x G x f u du a x f u du ax ++-=-+-+⎰⎰()()22022220x xf u du a f u du a +=-=-=⎰⎰所以()G x 是周期为2的周期函数.方法二：(I) 设2()()t tF t f x dx +=⎰，由于()(2)()0F t f t f t '=+-=，所以()F t 为常数，从而有()(0)F t F =. 而2(0)()F f x dx =⎰，所以2()()F t f x dx =⎰，即22()()t tf x dx f x dx +=⎰⎰.(II) 由(I)知，对任意的t 有()()222t f x dx f x dx +=⎰⎰，记()2a f x dx =⎰，则()0()2xG x f u du ax =-⎰ ， ()2(2)2(2)x G x f u du a x ++=-+⎰由于对任意x ，()(2)2(2)2()G x f x a f x a '+=+-=-，()()2()G x f x a '=- 所以 ()(2)()0G x G x '+-=，从而 (2)()G x G x +-是常数 即有 (2)()(2)(0)0G x G x G G +-=-= 所以()G x 是周期为2的周期函数.(19) 【详解】方法一：设n A 为用于第n 年提取(109)n +万元的贴现值，则(1)(109)n n A r n -=++故 1111110919102009(1)(1)(1)(1)n n n n nn n n n n n n nA A r r r r ∞∞∞∞∞=====+===+=+++++∑∑∑∑∑ 设 1()(1,1)nn S x nx x ∞==∈-∑因为 21()()()(1,1)1(1)nn x xS x x xx x x x ∞=''=== ∈---∑ 所以 11()()4201 1.05S S r ==+(万元) 故 20094203980A =+⨯=(万元)，即至少应存入3980万元.方法二：设第t 年取款后的余款是t y ，由题意知t y 满足方程1(10.05)(109)t t y y t -=+-+， 即 11.05(109)t t y y t --=-+ (1)(1)对应的齐次方程 11.050t t y y --=的通解为 (1.05)tt y C = 设(1)的通解为 *t y at b =+，代入(1)解得 180a =，3980b = 所以(1)的通解为 (1.05)1803980tt y C t =++由0y A =，0t y ≥得 3980A C =+ 0C ≥ 故A 至少为3980万元．(20) 【详解】(I) 证法一：2222122121213210122122112221301240134(1)2(1)3231(1)0n n n aa aa a a a a a A r ar aaa aa a an a a n a r ar a n a nnn a n-=-=-+-=⋅⋅⋅=++O OLOO O O OO OO OOO K O O OO O证法二：记||n D A =，下面用数学归纳法证明(1)nn D n a =+．当1n =时，12D a =，结论成立．当2n =时，2222132a D a a a==，结论成立．假设结论对小于n 的情况成立．将n D 按第1行展开得221221221210212121222(1)(1)n n n n nn n a a a a D aD a aaD a D ana a n a n a -----=-=-=--=+OO O OO故 ||(1)nA n a =+证法三：记||n D A =，将其按第一列展开得 2122n n n D aD a D --=-，所以 211212()n n n n n n D aD aD a D a D aD ------=-=-222321()()n n n n a D aD a D aD a ---=-==-=L即 12122()2n n n n n n n n D a aD a a a aD a a D ----=+=++=++2121(2)(1)n n n n n a a D n a a D --==-+=-+L1(1)2(1)n n n n a a a n a -=-+⋅=+(II) 因为方程组有唯一解，所以由Ax B =知0A ≠，又(1)nA n a =+，故0a ≠． 由克莱姆法则，将n D 的第1列换成b ，得行列式为2221122(1)(1)112102121221122n n n nn n a a a a a a a a D na a a a a --⨯-⨯-===OOOO O OO O OO OO所以 11(1)n n D nx D n a-==+ (III) 方程组有无穷多解，由0A =，有0a =，则方程组为12101101001000n n x x x x -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪=⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭M O O M此时方程组系数矩阵的秩和增广矩阵的秩均为1n -，所以方程组有无穷多解，其通解为()()10000100,TTk k +LL为任意常数．(21)【详解】(I)证法一：假设123,,ααα线性相关．因为12,αα分别属于不同特征值的特征向量，故12,αα线性无关，则3α可由12,αα线性表出，不妨设31122l l ααα=+，其中12,l l 不全为零(若12,l l 同时为0，则3α为0，由323A ααα=+可知20α=，而特征向量都是非0向量，矛盾)Q 11,A αα=-22A αα=∴32321122A l l αααααα=+=++，又311221122()A A l l l l ααααα=+=-+ ∴112221122l l l l ααααα-+=++，整理得：11220l αα+=则12,αα线性相关，矛盾. 所以，123,,ααα线性无关.证法二：设存在数123,,k k k ，使得1122330k k k ααα++= (1)用A 左乘(1)的两边并由11,A αα=-22A αα=得1123233()0k k k k ααα-+++= (2)(1)—(2)得 113220k k αα-= (3) 因为12,αα是A 的属于不同特征值的特征向量，所以12,αα线性无关，从而130k k ==，代入(1)得220k α=，又由于20α≠，所以20k =，故123,,ααα线性无关.(II) 记123(,,)P ααα=，则P 可逆，123123(,,)(,,)AP A A A A αααααα==1223(,,)αααα=-+123100(,,)011001ααα-⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭100011001P -⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭所以 1100011001P AP --⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.(22)【详解】(I) 1201(0,)11112(0)(0)()122(0)22P X Y P Z X P X Y X P Y dy P X =≤≤==+≤===≤===⎰ (II) (){}{}Z F z P Z z P X Y z =≤=+≤{,1}{,0}{,1}P X Y z X P X Y z X P X Y z X =+≤=-++≤=++≤= {1,1}{,0}{1,1}P Y z X P Y z X P Y z X =≤+=-+≤=+≤-= {1}{1}{}{0}{1}{1}P Y z P X P Y z P X P Y z P X =≤+=-+≤=+≤-=[]1{1}{}{1}3P Y z P Y z P Y z =≤++≤+≤- []1(1)()(1)3Y Y Y F z F z F z =+++- 所以 []1()(1)()(1)3Z Y Y Y f z f z f z f z =+++-1,1230,z ⎧-≤<⎪=⎨⎪⎩其它(23) 【详解】(I) 因为2(,)X N μσ:，所以2(,)X N nσμ:，从而2,E X D X nσμ= =．因为 221()()E T E X S n =-221()E X E S n =- 221()()DX E X E S n =+-222211n nσμσμ=+-=所以，T 是2μ的无偏估计(II)方法一：22()()D T ET ET =-，()0E T =，22()1E S σ==所以2()D T ET =442222()S E X X S n n=-⋅+4224221()()()()E X E X E S E S n n=-+因为(0,1)X N :，所以1(0,)X N n:，有10,E X DX n ==，()221E X DX E X n=+=所以2242222()()()()()E X D X E X D D X E X⎡⎤=+=++⎣⎦2221()D D X n⎡⎤=+⎣⎦2221132n n n ⎛⎫=⋅+= ⎪⎝⎭()2422222()1ES E S DS ES DS ⎡⎤==+=+⎢⎥⎣⎦因为2222(1)(1)(1)n S W n S n χσ-==--:，所以2(1)DW n =-，又因为22(1)DW n DS =-，所以22(1)DS n =-,所以4211(1)1n ES n n +=+=--所以 2223211111n ET n n n n n +=-⋅⋅+⋅-2(1)n n =-. 方法二：当0,1μσ==时221()()D T D X S n=- (注意X 和2S 独立)222222221111(1)(1)DX DS DD n S n nn n ⎡⎤=+=+⋅-⎣⎦-。