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2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词-章振邦语法书页数标注DC. would beD. were[译文]如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。
[考点]虚拟语气。
本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained，但这是复合时态形式，主句说明其内容与现在/将来的情况相反，所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。
B，C不用于虚拟语气；D．were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。
9．___ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? （2004年44题）A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised44．答案：A 参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。
详细解答：这是一个错综时间条件句。
条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。
10．All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there. （2000年49题）A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t be[解析]考点：虚拟语气。
由于主句中使用了would have done，即表示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用had done。
[译文]若不是那儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。
11. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. （1998年43题）A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need情态动词。
2018最新命题题库大全2018-2018高考英语试题分项解析汇编专题18 情态动词与虚拟语气（2018江苏卷,34﹚——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave itto a railway official.——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.A. will have stolenB. might have stolenC. should have stolenD. must have stolen【答案】B【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。
但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。
——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。
”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。
should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。
might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。
（2018福建卷,25﹚——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .A.willB.mustC.mayD.can【答案】B【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“——需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？——恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。
”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。
根据后半句，选B。
（2018福建卷,34﹚——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.——I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attendedB.had attendedC.would sttendD.would haveattended【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
专四语法（虚拟语气）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
eg. If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形⏹If I had time, I would do it again.⏹If I had known of your arrival, I should have met you at the station.⏹If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correctconclusion.真题举例：1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there.（00, 49）[C]A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. w ouldn’t be2. If your car _____ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer.（98, 43）[B]A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.(09, 52) [B]A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been4. _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.(02, 60）[A]A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _____ able to advise you much better than I can. (05, 51) [A]A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were6. I was to have made a speech if _____. (97, 51) [C]A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
英语专业四级语言知识题及答案解析做学问的功夫，是细嚼慢咽的功夫。
好比吃饭一样，要嚼得烂，方好消化，才会对人体有益。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年英语专业四级语言知识题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white been ?B. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as white ?D. Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rain ?B. Having no rainC. There having been no rain?D. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been done ?B. they had been doneC. having been done ?D. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happening ?B. they are happeningC. which they happen ?D. they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazed?C. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____she was twenty?five.A. her first real success did not come untilB. her real first success came until notC. since her first real success did not come untilD. not until her first real success7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____graba bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as well ?C. might as wellD. as well9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.A. breakingB. having been broken ?C. breakD. be breaking11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ____in transit.A. misusedB. mishandledC. mistakenD. mislaid12.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.A. ConcerningB. As to ?C. In terms ofD. In the light of13. A well?written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off14. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.A. in her honorB. on her honorC. a point of honorD. an honor15. This house will probably come on the ____next month.A. fairB. marketC. shopD. store16. George was introduced to ____activities at a young age,when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.A. illegalB. lawfulC. faithfulD. peaceful17. An institution that properly carries the name university isa more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.A. settlementB. establishmentC. costructionD. structure18. People’s status in society is frequently ____by how much they own.A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD. questioned19. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.A. adverseB. anonymousC. indifferentD. casual20. There is an increasing ____to make movies describing violence.A. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. trend答案与解析1. D) 【句意】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。
2018全国高考汇编之虚构语气+神态动词一（2018安徽卷）30．People are recycling many things which they away in the past.A. had thrownB. will be throwingC. were throwingD. would have thrown【考点】观察神态动词用法【答案】D【分析】句义：人们作者回收利用他们过去常常会抛弃的东西。
Would have done过去常常做某事；是对过去发生的事情的推断。
假如不适应神态动词，能够使用一般过去时threw。
故D正确。
【贯通融会】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come【答案】D【考点】观察虚构语气的用法。
【分析】句意为“我原来能够早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。
”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，所以前句是对过去的虚构，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，应选D。
二（2018北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Should【考点】观察神态动词词义辨析【答案】A【分析】此题观察的是神态动词基本义义辨析。
Can能够，可能；must一定，必定；非得；shall将要；should应当；句意：我能够和你说说吗？不会花好多时间的。
依据句意可知此题使用can I…？表示咨询对方能否赞同。
如：Can I use your dictionary?我能够使用你的词典吗？故A正确。
三（2018北京卷）34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be【考点】观察虚构语气【答案】D【分析】此题观察的是if条件状语从句的虚构语气。
Subjunctive Mood1. 语气Mood语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。
包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
① Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
② Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况，或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿（或could have done 本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能- - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做- - -shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -你本不应该告诉她真相。
You shouldn’t have told her the truth .needn’t have done 本不必做- - -比较：didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做- - -我没必要擦窗户。
专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气2018年高考题1.2018·江苏24. It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might答案B点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。
It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。
但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。
试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。
） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。
）2.2018·江苏27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to bee more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had答案A解析考查虚拟语气。
句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。
本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。
故选A。
点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。
由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might 动词原形。
2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词章振邦语法书页数标注-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANSubjunctive mood(P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017A. past event for exact time referenceB. present event for tentativenessC. present event for uncertaintyD. past event for politenessV. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度 , 而非过去时间 , 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气 on the part of the speaker.A: Did you want me?B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help .Want, wonder, think, hopeThe other is what we call the hypothetical past. The simple past refers not to a fact but to a non-fact, and is typically found in that-clauses following such constructions asIt’s time….I wishI’d ratherSupposeAs if15. “If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ____D______.183A. alleviate hostilityB. express unfavorable feelingsC. indicate uncertaintyD. make a suggestionWere-subjunctive has only on form were, which applies to subjects of all persons, is hypothetical or unreal in meaningIf, if only, as if, as though, though,Wish, would rather, suppose, imagine,As it were( so to speak)宛如，好比54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. P 186 2007A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving正确答案为A). If only引导的虚拟语气,解释为”要是…该多好啊!”. 与现在的事实相反的则if only后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完成时had done. 这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完成时. 句意: 如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在可能还活着呢.51.If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you! 2006 P 186 P19252.A would B could C should D might52. 正确答案为B). could表示能够,是一种一般能力. 表示具体能力用be able to . p. 192 If only引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是….该多好啊!”. 句意: 要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can. （2005年51题）2015A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were15. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _______ able to advise you much better than I can. (2015)(395/381)2005A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were[译文]如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。
[考点]虚拟语气。
本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained，但这是复合时态形式，主句说明其内容与现在/将来的情况相反，所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。
B，C不用于虚拟语气；D．were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。
9．___ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand （2004年44题）A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised44．答案：A 参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。
详细解答：这是一个错综时间条件句。
条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。
10．All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there. （2000年49题）A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t be[解析]考点：虚拟语气。
由于主句中使用了would have done，即表示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用 had done。
[译文]若不是那儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。
11. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. （1998年43题）A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need情态动词。
should可以表示语气较强的假设，出现在if从句中或用于省略了if的条件句句首位置上。
例如：a．If you should change your mind，please let us know．b．Should you be interested，I have a book on the subject you might like to see．should的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中，表示“万一”、“假若”。
shall有类似用法，用于if、when等引导的从句中，表示将来的可能性，不过语气太强。
例如：c．If you shall ever change your opinion，come to me again．should如果用在以if和in case引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发生。
有时在这种句子中主语和should可以倒装，把should放在句首。
[译文]如果你购买的车子在最初12个月内出现问题，请与授权经销商交涉。
12. ____ , I will marry him all the same. (2004年42题)票A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerbing support. 表让步里，be用于虚拟语气句，引导一个(选择性)让步状语从句，相当于whether he be rich or poor。
由于whether省略，这时be需要提前。
B其实也讲得通，只是意思上不同，前者表示：不管我是富还是穷，我都要嫁给他。
又如：Whether rich or poor，old or young，all have to die．(《新时代英汉大典》)[译文]不管他是富还是穷，我都要嫁给他。
Whether it (he)be...or...结构，意为“不管(不论)是……还是……”，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。
其省略式为“be it…or…；be he…or…”等，句子必须倒装。
如：I can translate all these books into Chinese，be they in English，French or Latin．[例句] There being no danger，the police went back to their office．险情解除，警察回警局了。
